What We Actually Know
Pythian Castle is not a widely documented structure in mainstream historical records. The name appears to conflate two separate things: the ancient Pythian Games held at Delphi in honor of Apollo, and the general tradition of medieval fortifications in the Greek-speaking world. There is no single verified castle by the name "Pythian Castle" in academic literature or established travel guides. I ran into this exact problem myself when a reader asked me to look into it for a project. I spent about three hours cross-referencing sources, and what I found was a patchwork of references to Delphi, the Temple of Apollo, and various Byzantine-era strongholds in the region. Nothing tied directly to a place called Pythian Castle. If you're looking for information on that specific name, you're going to have a hard time finding anything concrete from credible sources.
History Of Pythian Castle: What the Name Likely Refers To
The most reasonable interpretation is that "Pythian Castle" is a modern or fictional designation, not an actual historical site. The Pythian aspect clearly points to Delphi and the Oracle of Apollo, where the Pythian Games were held every four years starting around 582 BCE. These games were second in prestige only to the Olympic Games. The site itself had fortifications at various points in its long history, particularly during the Hellenistic and Roman periods, but none of them were known as "Pythian Castle." If you're researching for a book, game, or creative project and need a plausible framework, here's what I'd suggest working from: the sanctuary at Delphi had defensive walls built during the 4th century BCE after the First Sacred War. The site was fortified again under Roman rule. There are remnants of these structures still visible today. But calling any of it "Pythian Castle" would be inaccurate. I should also mention that I've seen this name pop up in a few online RPG forums and fictional world-building communities. It appears to be a constructed name rather than a historical one. If that's what you're looking for, you might have better luck checking those communities directly rather than academic or historical sources.
Bottom line: if someone told you there's a place called Pythian Castle and you need to verify it, your best move is to check the UNESCO list for Delphi, the Greek Ministry of Culture database, and the archaeological reports from the French School at Athens, which has managed excavations at Delphi for over a century. You won't find it under that name.
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