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| chiang kai shek history: Generalissimo Jonathan Fenby, 2003 Following his acclaimed studies of the state of modern France and how Hong Kong has changed since the 1997 handover, Jonathan Fenby now turns his attention to one of the most interesting yet under-reported figures of twentieth-century history. Chiang Kai-shek was the man who lost China to the Communists. As leader of the nationalist movement, the Kuomintang, Chiang established himself as head of the government in Nanking in 1928. Yet although he laid claim to power throughout the 1930s and was the only Chinese figure of sufficient stature to attend a conference with Churchill and Roosevelt during the Second World War, his desire for unity was always thwarted by threats on two fronts. Between them, the Japanese and the Communists succeeded in undermining Chiang's power-plays, and after Hiroshima it was Mao Zedong who ended up victorious. Brilliantly re-creating pre-Communist China in all its colour, danger and complexity, Jonathan Fenby's magisterial survey of this brave but unfulfilled life is destined to become the definitive account in the English language. |
| chiang kai shek history: Oxford Bibliographies , |
| chiang kai shek history: Chiang Kai-Shek¿s Politics of Shame Grace C. Huang, Associate Professor of Government Grace C Huang, 2021 Grace C. Huang reconsiders Chiang Kai-shek's leadership and legacy in an intriguing new portrait of this twentieth-century leader. Comparing his response to imperialism to those of Mao, Yuan Shikai, and Mahatma Gandhi, Huang widens the implications of her findings to explore alternatives to Western expressions of nationalism and modernity. |
| chiang kai shek history: The Generalissimo Jay Taylor, 2009-04-15 One of the most momentous stories of the last century is China’s rise from a self-satisfied, anti-modern, decaying society into a global power that promises to one day rival the United States. Chiang Kai-shek, an autocratic, larger-than-life figure, dominates this story. A modernist as well as a neo-Confucianist, Chiang was a man of war who led the most ancient and populous country in the world through a quarter century of bloody revolutions, civil conflict, and wars of resistance against Japanese aggression. In 1949, when he was defeated by Mao Zedong—his archrival for leadership of China—he fled to Taiwan, where he ruled for another twenty-five years. Playing a key role in the cold war with China, Chiang suppressed opposition with his “white terror,” controlled inflation and corruption, carried out land reform, and raised personal income, health, and educational levels on the island. Consciously or not, he set the stage for Taiwan’s evolution of a Chinese model of democratic modernization. Drawing heavily on Chinese sources including Chiang’s diaries, The Generalissimo provides the most lively, sweeping, and objective biography yet of a man whose length of uninterrupted, active engagement at the highest levels in the march of history is excelled by few, if any, in modern history. Jay Taylor shows a man who was exceedingly ruthless and temperamental but who was also courageous and conscientious in matters of state. Revealing fascinating aspects of Chiang’s life, Taylor provides penetrating insight into the dynamics of the past that lie behind the struggle for modernity of mainland China and its relationship with Taiwan. |
| chiang kai shek history: Chiang Kai Shek Jonathan Fenby, 2009-04-27 With a narrative as briskly paced and vividly detailed as an international thriller, this definitive biography of Chiang Kai-shek masterfully maps the tumultuous political career of Nationalist China's generalissimo as it reevaluates his brave but unfulfilled life. Chiang Kai-shek was one of the most influential world figures of the twentieth century. The leader of the Kuomintang, the Nationalist movement in China, by 1928 he had established himself as head of the government in Nanking. But while he managed to survive the political storms of the 1930s, Chiang's power was continually being undermined by the Japanese on one side and the Chinese Communists on the other. Drawing extensively on original Chinese sources and accounts by contemporaneous journalists, acclaimed author Jonathan Fenby explores little-known international connections in Chiang's story as he unfolds a story as fascinating in its conspiratorial intrigues as it is remarkable for its psychological insights. This is the definitive biography of the man who, despite his best intentions, helped create modern-day China. |
| chiang kai shek history: Accidental State Hsiao-ting Lin, 2016-03-14 The existence of two Chinese states—one controlling mainland China, the other controlling the island of Taiwan—is often understood as a seemingly inevitable outcome of the Chinese civil war. Defeated by Mao Zedong, Chiang Kai-shek’s Nationalists fled to Taiwan to establish a rival state, thereby creating the “Two Chinas” dilemma that vexes international diplomacy to this day. Accidental State challenges this conventional narrative to offer a new perspective on the founding of modern Taiwan. Hsiao-ting Lin marshals extensive research in recently declassified archives to show that the creation of a Taiwanese state in the early 1950s owed more to serendipity than careful geostrategic planning. It was the cumulative outcome of ad hoc half-measures and imperfect compromises, particularly when it came to the Nationalists’ often contentious relationship with the United States. Taiwan’s political status was fraught from the start. The island had been formally ceded to Japan after the First Sino-Japanese War, and during World War II the Allies promised Chiang that Taiwan would revert to Chinese rule after Japan’s defeat. But as the Chinese civil war turned against the Nationalists, U.S. policymakers reassessed the wisdom of backing Chiang. The idea of placing Taiwan under United Nations trusteeship gained traction. Cold War realities, and the fear of Taiwan falling into Communist hands, led Washington to recalibrate U.S. policy. Yet American support of a Taiwan-based Republic of China remained ambivalent, and Taiwan had to eke out a place for itself in international affairs as a de facto, if not fully sovereign, state. |
| chiang kai shek history: Madame Chiang Kai-shek Laura Tyson Li, 2007-12-01 The first biography of one of the most controversial and fascinating women of the twentieth century. Beautiful, brilliant, and captivating, Madame Chiang Kai-shek seized unprecedented power during China’s long and violent civil war. She passionately argued against Chinese Communism in the international arena and influenced decades of Sino-American relations and modern Chinese history. Raised in one of China’s most powerful families and educated at Wellesley College, Soong Mayling went on to become wife, chief adviser, interpreter, and propagandist to Nationalist leader Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek. She sparred with international leaders like Churchill and Roosevelt, and impressed Westerners and Chinese alike with her acumen, charm, and glamour. But she was also decried as a manipulative Dragon Lady,” and despised for living in American-style splendor while Chinese citizens suffered under her husband’s brutal oppression. The result of years of extensive research in the United States and abroad, and written with access to previously classified CIA and diplomatic files, Madame Chiang Kai-shek objectively evaluates one of the most powerful and fascinating women of the twentieth century. “Li brilliantly analyzes a fearless and profoundly conflicted woman of extraordinary force.” —Booklist |
| chiang kai shek history: Chiang Kai-Shek Emily Hahn, 2015-10-13 An in-depth biography of the towering 20th-century Chinese military and political figure who led the government, first on the mainland and then in exile in Taiwan, from the acclaimed New Yorker correspondent who lived in China when he was head of state In 1911, 24-year-old Chiang Kai-shek was an obscure Chinese student completing his military training in Japan, the only country in the Far East with a modern army. By 1928, the soldier who no one believed would ever amount to anything had achieved world fame as the leader who broke with Russia and released the newly formed Republic of China from Communist control. Emily Hahn’s eye-opening book examines Chiang’s friendship with revolutionary Sun Yat-sen and chronicles his marriage to the glamorous, American-educated Soong May-ling, who converted him to Christianity and helped him enact social reforms. As the leader of the Nationalist Party, Chiang led China for over two decades: from 1927 through the Japanese invasion, World War II, and the civil war that ended with a Communist victory in 1949. After defeat, he retreated with his government to Taiwan where he continued to lead as president of the exiled Republic of China until his death in 1975. Famous for forging a new nation out of the chaos of warlordism, he was an Allied leader during the Second World War, only to end up scorned as an unenlightened dictator at the end of his life. Casting a critical eye on Sino-American relations, Hahn sheds new light on this complex leader who was one of the most important global political figures of the last century. |
| chiang kai shek history: China's Destiny and Chinese Economic Theory Kai Shew Chiang Kai Shew, 2007-03 This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1917 edition. Excerpt: ... (6) Columns for Discount on Purchases and Discount on Notes on the same side of the Cash Book; (c) Columns for Discount on Sales and Cash Sales on the debit side of the Cash Book; (d) Departmental columns in the Sales Book and in the Purchase Book. Controlling Accounts.--The addition of special columns in books of original entry makes possible the keeping of Controlling Accounts. The most common examples of such accounts are Accounts Receivable account and Accounts Payable account. These summary accounts, respectively, displace individual customers' and creditors' accounts in the Ledger. The customers' accounts are then segregated in another book called the Sales Ledger or Customers' Ledger, while the creditors' accounts are kept in the Purchase or Creditors' Ledger. The original Ledger, now much reduced in size, is called the General Ledger. The Trial Balance now refers to the accounts in the General Ledger. It is evident that the task of taking a Trial Balance is greatly simplified because so many fewer accounts are involved. A Schedule of Accounts Receivable is then prepared, consisting of the balances found in the Sales Ledger, and its total must agree with the balance of the Accounts Receivable account shown in the Trial Balance. A similar Schedule of Accounts Payable, made up of all the balances in the Purchase Ledger, is prepared, and it must agree with the balance of the Accounts Payable account of the General Ledger. The Balance Sheet.--In the more elementary part of the text, the student learned how to prepare a Statement of Assets and Liabilities for the purpose of disclosing the net capital of an enterprise. In the present chapter he was shown how to prepare a similar statement, the Balance Sheet. For all practical... |
| chiang kai shek history: The Last Empress Hannah Pakula, 2009-11-03 With the beautiful, powerful, and sexy Madame Chiang Kai-shek at the center of one of the great dramas of the twentieth century, this is the story of the founding of modern China, starting with a revolution that swept away more than 2,000 years of monarchy, followed by World War II, and ending in the eventual loss to the Communists and exile in Taiwan. An epic historical tapestry, this wonderfully wrought narrative brings to life what Americans should know about China -- the superpower we are inextricably linked with -- the way its people think and their code of behavior, both vastly different from our own. The story revolves around this fascinating woman and her family: her father, a peasant who raised himself into Shanghai society and sent his daughters to college in America in a day when Chinese women were kept purposefully uneducated; her mother, an unlikely Methodist from the Mandarin class; her husband, a military leader and dogmatic warlord; her sisters, one married to Sun Yat-sen, the George Washington of China, the other to a seventy-fifth lineal descendant of Confucius; and her older brother, a financial genius. This was the Soong family, which, along with their partners in marriage, was largely responsible for dragging China into the twentieth century. Brilliantly narrated, this fierce and bloody drama also includes U.S. Army General Joseph Stilwell; Claire Chennault, head of the Flying Tigers; Communist leaders Mao Tse-tung and Chou En-lai; murderous warlords; journalists Henry Luce, Theodore White, and Edgar Snow; and the unfortunate State Department officials who would be purged for predicting (correctly) the Communist victory in the Chinese Civil War. As the representative of an Eastern ally in the West, Madame Chiang was befriended -- before being rejected -- by the Roosevelts, stayed in the White House for long periods during World War II, and charmed the U.S. Congress into giving China billions of dollars. Although she was dubbed the Dragon Lady in some quarters, she was an icon to her people and is certainly one of the most remarkable women of the twentieth century. |
| chiang kai shek history: The Secret Army Richard Michael Gibson, 2011-08-04 The incredible story of how Chiang Kai-shek's defeated army came to dominate the Asian drug trade After their defeat in China's civil war, remnants of Chiang Kai-shek's armies took refuge in Burma before being driven into Thailand and Laos. Based on recently declassified government documents, The Secret Army: Chiang Kai-shek and the Drug Warlords of the Golden Triangle reveals the shocking true story of what happened after the Chinese Nationalists lost the revolution. Supported by Taiwan, the CIA, and the Thai government, this former army reinvented itself as an anti-communist mercenary force, fighting into the 1980s, before eventually becoming the drug lords who made the Golden Triangle a household name. Offering a previously unseen look inside the post-war workings of the Kuomintang army, historians Richard Gibson and Wen-hua Chen explore how this fallen military group dominated the drug trade in Southeast Asia for more than three decades. Based on recently released, previously classified government documents Draws on interviews with active participants, as well as a variety of Chinese, Thai, and Burmese written sources Includes unique insights drawn from author Richard Gibson's personal experiences with anti-narcotics trafficking efforts in the Golden Triangle A fascinating look at an untold piece of Chinese—and drug-running—history, The Secret Army offers a revealing look into the history of one of the most infamous drug cartels in Asia. |
| chiang kai shek history: Wealth and Power Orville Schell, John Delury, 2013 Two leading experts on China evaluate its rise throughout the past one hundred fifty years, sharing portraits of key intellectual and political leaders to explain how China transformed from a country under foreign assault to a world giant. |
| chiang kai shek history: The Generalissimo's Son Jay Taylor, 2009-06-01 Chiang Ching-kuo, son and political heir of Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, was born in 1910, when Chinese women, nearly all illiterate, hobbled about on bound feet and men wore pigtails as symbols of subservience to the Manchu Dynasty. In his youth Ching-kuo was a Communist and a Trotskyite, and he lived twelve years in Russia. He died in 1988 as the leader of Taiwan, a Chinese society with a flourishing consumer economy and a budding but already wild, woolly, and open democracy. He was an actor in many of the events of the last century that shaped the history of China's struggles and achievements in the modern era: the surge of nationalism among Chinese youth, the grand appeal of Marxism-Leninism, the terrible battle against fascist Japan, and the long, destructive civil war between the Nationalists and the Communists. In 1949, he fled to Taiwan with his father and two million Nationalists. He led the brutal suppression of dissent on the island and was a major player in the cold, sometimes hot war between Communist China and America. By reacting to changing economic, social, and political dynamics on Taiwan, Sino-American rapprochement, Deng Xiaoping's sweeping reforms on the mainland, and other international events, he led Taiwan on a zigzag but ultimately successful transition from dictatorship to democracy. Jay Taylor underscores the interaction of political developments on the mainland and in Taiwan and concludes that if China ever makes a similar transition, it will owe much to the Taiwan example and the Generalissimo's son. |
| chiang kai shek history: The Struggle Across the Taiwan Strait Ramon Hawley Myers, Jialin Zhang, 2006 A concise and informative history of how China divided in 1949 into two regimes, why they struggled to achieve the same political goal-reunification of China--and why their struggle today continues in a more complex and dangerous way. The authors detail how the changes brought about by the 2000 election not only intensified the conflict between the regimes but locked both sides into a new contest that increased the probability of war rather than peace. |
| chiang kai shek history: The Man who Lost China Brian Crozier, Eric Chou, 1976 The book ranges from Chiang's early life in Shanghai when he was mixed up with the Green Gang 'mafia,' through his sometimes puzzling relations with Roosevelt and Truman, Claire Chennault, Joe Stilwell, and George C. Marshall, to his government and exile on Taiwan. -- Dust jacket. |
| chiang kai shek history: The Sian Incident Tien-wei Wu, 1976-01-01 When Chiang Kai-shek arrived at Sian in the fall of 1936 and laid plans for launching his last campaign against the Red Army with an expectation of exterminating it in a month, he badly misjudged the mood of the Tungpei (Northeast) Army and more so its leader, Chang Hsueh-liang, better known as the Young Marshal. Refusing to fight the Communists, Chang with the loyal support of his officers staged a coup d’état by kidnapping Chiang Kai-shek for two weeks at Sian. Almost forty years after the melodrama was over, the Sian Incident still absorbs much attention from both Chinese and Western scholars as well as the reading public. The Sian Incident attempts to bring together whatever information has been thus far gleaned about the subject, and to cover all aspects and controversies involved in it. [1, xi, xii] |
| chiang kai shek history: Where Chiang Kai-shek Lost China Harold M. Tanner, 2015-08-10 “A masterful contribution not simply to the history of the civil war, but also to the history of 20th century China.” —Steven I. Levine author, Anvil of Victory: The Communist Revolution in Manchuria, 1945-1948) The civil war in China that ended in the 1949 victory of Mao Zedong’s Communist forces was a major blow to U.S. interests in the Far East and led to heated recriminations about how China was “lost.” Despite their significance, there have been few studies in English of the war’s major campaigns. The Liao-Shen Campaign was the final act in the struggle for control of China’s northeast. After the Soviet defeat of Japan in Manchuria, Communist Chinese and then Nationalist troops moved into this strategically important area. China’s largest industrial base and a major source of coal, Manchuria had extensive railways and key ports (both still under Soviet control). When American mediation over control of Manchuria failed, full-scale civil war broke out. By spring of 1946, Chiang Kai-shek’s Nationalist armies had occupied most of the southern, economically developed part of Manchuria, pushing Communist forces north of the Songhua (Sungari) River. But over the next two years, the tide would turn. The Communists isolated the Nationalist armies and mounted a major campaign aimed at destroying the Kuomintang forces. This is the story of that campaign and its outcome, which were to have such far-reaching consequences. “Where Chiang Kai-shek Lost China is more than a fluidly written battle narrative or operational history. By tapping an impressive array of archival materials, published document collections, and memoirs, Harold Tanner has put the Liao-Shen Campaign in the larger context of the Chinese Civil War and significantly advanced our understanding of the military history of modern China.” —Michigan War Studies Review |
| chiang kai shek history: The Great Exodus from China Dominic Meng-Hsuan Yang, 2020-09-24 Dominic Meng-Hsuan Yang examines the human exodus from China to Taiwan in 1949, focusing on trauma, memory, and identity. |
| chiang kai shek history: General He Yingqin Peter Worthing, 2016-03-29 A revisionist study of the career of General He Yingqin, one of the most prominent military officers in China's Nationalist period (1928–49) and one of the most misunderstood figures in twentieth-century China. Western scholars have dismissed He Yingqin as corrupt and incompetent, yet the Chinese archives reveal that he demonstrated considerable success as a combat commander and military administrator during civil conflicts and the Sino-Japanese War. His work in the Chinese Nationalist military served as the foundation of a close personal and professional relationship with Chiang Kai-shek, with whom he worked closely for more than two decades. Against the backdrop of the Nationalist revolution of the 1920s through the 1940s, Peter Worthing analyzes He Yingqin's rise to power alongside Chiang Kai-shek, his work in building the Nationalist military, and his fundamental role in carrying out policies designed to overcome the regime's greatest obstacles during this turbulent period of Chinese history. |
| chiang kai shek history: Chiang Kai-Shek's Secret Past Ch'en Chieh-ju, 2019-03-08 This engrossing memoir tells the fascinating story of one of China's great leaders during the Nationalist revolution of the 1920s and of the woman who paid a staggering price so that he could attain his ambition. The tale begins in 1919 when the thirty-two-year-old Chiang Kai-shek met the naïve thirteen-year-old whom he would call Ch'en Chieh-ju. |
| chiang kai shek history: Chiang Kai-shek's Teacher and Ambassador Hollington Kong Tong, 2005 To people interested in the history of the Republic of China, this book is a must read. The author Hollington K. Tong was a member of President Chiang Kai-shek's inner circle. He had detail knowledge of many intriguing events of that time. After the founding of the Republic of China in 1911, the various parts of the country were controlled by many warlords. Chiang's successful Northern Expedition unified the country. But a civil war with the Communists started and followed by a Japanese invasion and World War II. General Stilwell's dislike of Chiang influenced a change in American policy towards Free China, which most likely caused the fall of mainland China to the Communists. Miraculously, Free China in Taiwan has survived and prospered to this day. |
| chiang kai shek history: The China Mission: George Marshall's Unfinished War, 1945-1947 Daniel Kurtz-Phelan, 2018-04-10 An Economist Best Book of 2018 New York Times Book Review Editor’s Pick “Gripping [and] splendid.… An enormous contribution to our understanding of Marshall.”—Washington Post At the end of World War II, General George Marshall took on what he thought was a final mission—this time not to win a war, but to stop one. In China, conflict between Communists and Nationalists threatened to suck in the United States and escalate into revolution. Marshall’s charge was to cross the Pacific, broker a peace, and prevent a Communist takeover, all while staving off World War III. At first, the results seemed miraculous. But as they started to come apart, Marshall was faced with a wrenching choice—one that would alter the course of the Cold War, define the US-China relationship, and spark one of the darkest-ever turns in American political life. The China Mission offers a gripping, close-up view of the central figures of the time—from Marshall, Mao, and Chiang Kai-shek to Eisenhower, Truman, and MacArthur—as they stood face-to-face and struggled to make history, with consequences and lessons that echo today. |
| chiang kai shek history: China's Russian Princess：the Silent Wife Mark O’Neill, 2020-02-01 香港小學生常見病句大可以分成三大類：（一）措詞不當類；（二）違反邏輯思維類及（三）違反漢語語法類。 本書根據上述分點，收錄了香港小學生最常見的一百五十句病例。作者在每條病句下，並列出對應的粵口語和書面語，簡明分析孩子寫作時的心理狀況，如何受各種因素的影響，循循善誘，為家長與中文導師講述如何幫助孩子糾正錯誤，讓他們輕輕鬆鬆學習寫作。 |
| chiang kai shek history: Generalissimo and Madame Chiang Kai Shek Basil Miller, 2013-10 This is a new release of the original 1943 edition. |
| chiang kai shek history: The Northern Expedition Donald A. Jordan, 2019-03-31 The Chinese state of the 1920s was one of disunified parts, ruled by warlords too strong for civilians to oust and too weak to resist the demands and bribes of foreign powers. China's treaty ports were crucibles of change in which congregated the educated elite, exposed to modern ways, who felt the need for a national revolution to revitalize their country and to provide her with a new, more integrated political system. Nationwide in their origins and representing varying political ideologies, this elite formed a loose coalition to achieve a common goal. In 1926 the first step in the military campaign known as the Northern Expedition was launched to conquer the armed forces of the warlords, the greatest obstacle in the path toward reunification of China. Until now, historians have ascribed much of the success of the Northern Expedition, culminating in the capture of Peking, to the Communist-led mass organizations who were reported to have won over the populace in the territory ahead of the National Revolutionary Army. Dr. Jordan's research, especially in Communist materials, has uncovered evidence indicating that, although the mass organizations did aid the army at particular points in 1925 and 1926, there had also been a side to the mass movement that was disruptive to the goal of reunification. Of additional import, some of the key participants in the later governments of Taiwan and Peking—among them Chiang Kai-shek, Mao Tse-tung, Chou En-lai, and Lin Piao—received their basic political training in the National Revolution. |
| chiang kai shek history: Chiang Kai-shek's Secret Past Ch'En Chieh-Ju, 2020-09-30 This engrossing memoir tells the fascinating story of one of China's great leaders during the Nationalist revolution of the 1920s and of the woman who paid a staggering price so that he could attain his ambition. The tale begins in 1919 when the thirty-two-year-old Chiang Kai-shek met the naïve thirteen-year-old whom he would call Ch'en Chieh-ju. |
| chiang kai shek history: Conceptions of Chinese Democracy David J. Lorenzo, 2013-05-15 Close attention to the writings of the founding fathers of the Republic of China on Taiwan shows that democracy is indeed compatible with Chinese culture. Conceptions of Chinese Democracy provides a coherent and critical introduction to the democratic thought of three fathers of modern Taiwan—Sun Yat-sen, Chiang Kai-shek, and Chiang Ching-kuo—in a way that is accessible and grounded in broader traditions of political theory. David J. Lorenzo’s comparative study allows the reader to understand the leaders’ democratic conceptions and highlights important contradictions, strengths, and weaknesses that are central to any discussion of Chinese culture and democratic theory. Lorenzo further considers the influence of their writings on political theorists, democracy advocates, and activists on mainland China. Students of political science and theory, democratization, and Chinese culture and history will benefit from the book's substantive discussions of democracy, and scholars and specialists will appreciate the larger arguments about the influence of these ideas and their transmission through time. |
| chiang kai shek history: Chiang Kai-shek, His Life and Times Keiji Furuya, 1981 |
| chiang kai shek history: Forgotten Ally Rana Mitter, 2013-09-10 A history of the Chinese experience in WWII, named a Book of the Year by both the Economist and the Financial Times: “Superb” (The New York Times Book Review). In 1937, two years before Hitler invaded Poland, Chinese troops clashed with Japanese occupiers in the first battle of World War II. Joining with the United States, the Soviet Union, and Great Britain, China became the fourth great ally in a devastating struggle for its very survival. In this book, prize-winning historian Rana Mitter unfurls China’s drama of invasion, resistance, slaughter, and political intrigue as never before. Based on groundbreaking research, this gripping narrative focuses on a handful of unforgettable characters, including Chiang Kai-shek, Mao Zedong, and Chiang’s American chief of staff, “Vinegar Joe” Stilwell—and also recounts the sacrifice and resilience of everyday Chinese people through the horrors of bombings, famines, and the infamous Rape of Nanking. More than any other twentieth-century event, World War II was crucial in shaping China’s worldview, making Forgotten Ally both a definitive work of history and an indispensable guide to today’s China and its relationship with the West. |
| chiang kai shek history: Chiang Kai Shek Jonathan Fenby, 2005 The first important English-language chronicle of the Chinese warlord who lost mainland China to Mao during the Communist Revolution reconstructs his fascinating rise to power in the 1920s and 1930s, his struggles for power during World War II, and his subsequent drubbing at the hands of the Communists. Reprint. |
| chiang kai shek history: Seeds of Destruction Lloyd E. Eastman, 1984 |
| chiang kai shek history: The CIA and Third Force Movements in China during the Early Cold War Roger B. Jeans, 2017-11-27 When the Chinese Communists defeated the Chinese Nationalists and occupied the mainland in 1949–1950, U.S. policymakers were confronted with a dilemma. Disgusted by the corruption and, more importantly, failure of Chiang Kai-shek’s Nationalist armies and party and repelled by the Communists’ revolutionary actions and violent class warfare, in the early 1950s the U.S. government placed its hopes in a Chinese “third force.” While the U.S. State Department reported on third forces, the CIA launched a two-prong effort to actively support these groups with money, advisors, and arms. In Japan, Okinawa, and Saipan, the agency trained third force troops at CIA bases. The Chinese commander of these soldiers was former high-ranking Nationalist General Cai Wenzhi. He and his colleagues organized a political group, the Free China Movement. His troops received parachute training as well as other types of combat and intelligence instruction at agency bases. Subsequently, several missions were dispatched to Manchuria—the Korean War was raging then—and South China. All were failures and the Chinese third force agents were killed or imprisoned. With the end of the Korean War, the Americans terminated this armed third force movement, with the Nationalists on Taiwan taking in some of its soldiers while others moved to Hong Kong. The Americans flew Cai to Washington, where he took a job with the Department of Defense. The second prong of the CIA’s effort was in Hong Kong. The agency financially supported and advised the creation of a third force organization called the Fighting League for Chinese Freedom and Democracy. It also funded several third force periodicals. Created in 1951 and 1952, in 1953 and 1954 the CIA ended its financial support. As a consequence of this as well as factionalism within the group, in 1954 the League collapsed and its leaders scattered to the four winds. At the end, even the term “third force” was discredited and replaced by “new force.” Finally, in the early 1950s, the CIA backed as a third force candidate a Vietnamese general. With his assassination in May 1955, however, that effort also came to naught. |
| chiang kai shek history: China 1945 Richard Bernstein, 2015-10-27 At the beginning of 1945, relations between America and the Chinese Communists couldn’t have been closer. Chinese leaders talked of America helping to lift China out of poverty; Mao Zedong himself held friendly meetings with U.S. emissaries. By year’s end, Chinese Communist soldiers were setting ambushes for American marines; official cordiality had been replaced by chilly hostility and distrust, a pattern which would continue for a quarter century, with the devastating wars in Korea and Vietnam among the consequences. In China 1945, Richard Bernstein tells the incredible story of the sea change that took place during that year—brilliantly analyzing its far-reaching components and colorful characters, from diplomats John Paton Davies and John Stewart Service to Time journalist, Henry Luce; in addition to Mao and his intractable counterpart, Chiang Kai-shek, and the indispensable Zhou Enlai. A tour de force of narrative history, China 1945 examines American power coming face-to-face with a formidable Asian revolutionary movement, and challenges familiar assumptions about the origins of modern Sino-American relations. |
| chiang kai shek history: Politics, Murder, and Love in Stalin's Kremlin Paul R. Gregory, 2013-09-01 Drawing from Hoover Institution archival documents, Paul Gregory sheds light on how the world's first socialist state went terribly wrong and why it was likely to veer off course through the tragic story of Stalin's most prominent victims: Pravda editor Nikolai Bukharin and his wife, Anna Larina. |
| chiang kai shek history: Singapore in the Global System Peter Preston, 2007-12-21 This book tracks the phases of Singapore’s economic and political development, arguing that its success was always dependent upon the territories links with the surrounding region and the wider global system, and suggests that managing these links today will be the key to the country’s future. Singapore has followed a distinctive historical development trajectory. It was one of a number of cities which provided bases for the expansion of the British empire in the East. But the Pacific War provided local elites with their chance to secure independence. In Singapore the elite disciplined and mobilized their population and built successfully on their colonial inheritance. Today, the city-state prospers in the context of its regional and global networks, and sustaining and nurturing these are the keys to its future. But there are clouds on the elite’s horizons; domestically, the population is restive with inequality, migration and surplus-repression causing concern; and internationally, the strategy of constructing a business-hub economy is being widely copied and both Hong Kong and Shanghai are significant competitors. This book discusses these issues and argues that although success is likely to characterize Singapore’s future, the elite will have to address these significant domestic and international problems. |
| chiang kai shek history: Berkshire Dictionary of Chinese Biography Volume 4 Kerry Brown, 2015-05-01 The Berkshire Dictionary of Chinese Biography (1979-2015) provides a riveting new way to understand twenty-first-century China and a personal look at the changes that have taken place since the Reform and Opening Up era started in 1979. One hundred key individuals from this period were selected by an international group of experts, and the stories were written by more than 70 authors in 14 countries. The authors map the paths taken by these individuals-some rocky, some meandering, some fateful-and in telling their stories give contemporary Chinese history a human face. The editors have included-with the advice of myriad experts around the world-not only the life stories of politicians and government officials, who play a crucial role in the development of the country, but the stories of cultural figures including, film directors, activists, writers, and entrepreneurs from the mainland China, Hong Kong, and also from Taiwan. The Greater China that comes through in this volume has diverse ideas and identities. It is often contradictory, sometimes fractious, and always full of creative human complexity. Some of the lives rendered here are heroic. Some are tragic, and many are inspirational. Some figures come in for trenchant criticism, and others are celebrated with a sense of wonder and awe. Like previous volumes of the Berkshire Dictionary of Chinese Biography, this volume includes a range of appendices, including a pronunciation guide, a bibliography, and a timeline of key events. |
| chiang kai shek history: The Commanding Heights Daniel Yergin, 1998 |
| chiang kai shek history: Mao Jung Chang, Jon Halliday, 2011-10-05 The most authoritative life of the Chinese leader every written, Mao: The Unknown Story is based on a decade of research, and on interviews with many of Mao’s close circle in China who have never talked before — and with virtually everyone outside China who had significant dealings with him. It is full of startling revelations, exploding the myth of the Long March, and showing a completely unknown Mao: he was not driven by idealism or ideology; his intimate and intricate relationship with Stalin went back to the 1920s, ultimately bringing him to power; he welcomed Japanese occupation of much of China; and he schemed, poisoned, and blackmailed to get his way. After Mao conquered China in 1949, his secret goal was to dominate the world. In chasing this dream he caused the deaths of 38 million people in the greatest famine in history. In all, well over 70 million Chinese perished under Mao’s rule — in peacetime. |
| chiang kai shek history: Taiwan's Former Nuclear Weapons Program Andrea Stricker, David Albright, 2018-11-14 Thirty years ago, in 1988, the United States secretly moved to end once and for all Taiwan's nuclear weapons program, just as it was nearing the point of being able to rapidly break out to build nuclear weapons. Because intense secrecy has followed Taiwan's nuclear weapons program and its demise, this book is the first account of that program's history and dismantlement. Taiwan's nuclear weapons program made more progress and was working on much more sophisticated nuclear weapons than publicly recognized. It came dangerously close to fruition. Taipei excelled at the misuse of civilian nuclear programs to seek nuclear weapons and implemented capabilities to significantly reduce the time needed to build them, following a decision to do so. Despite Taiwan's efforts to hide these activities, the United States was able to gather incriminating evidence that allowed it to act, effectively denuclearizing a dangerous, destabilizing program, that if left unchecked, could have set up a potentially disastrous confrontation with the People's Republic of China (PRC). The Taiwan case is rich in findings for addressing today's nuclear proliferation challenges. |
| chiang kai shek history: Foreign Relations of the United States, 1949: National security affairs, foreign economic policy , 1976 |
| chiang kai-shek history: Generalissimo Jonathan Fenby, 2003 Following his acclaimed studies of the state of modern France and how Hong Kong has changed since the 1997 handover, Jonathan Fenby now turns his attention to one of the most interesting yet under-reported figures of twentieth-century history. Chiang Kai-shek was the man who lost China to the Communists. As leader of the nationalist movement, the Kuomintang, Chiang established himself as head of the government in Nanking in 1928. Yet although he laid claim to power throughout the 1930s and was the only Chinese figure of sufficient stature to attend a conference with Churchill and Roosevelt during the Second World War, his desire for unity was always thwarted by threats on two fronts. Between them, the Japanese and the Communists succeeded in undermining Chiang's power-plays, and after Hiroshima it was Mao Zedong who ended up victorious. Brilliantly re-creating pre-Communist China in all its colour, danger and complexity, Jonathan Fenby's magisterial survey of this brave but unfulfilled life is destined to become the definitive account in the English language. |
| chiang kai-shek history: Oxford Bibliographies , |
| chiang kai-shek history: Chiang Kai-Shek¿s Politics of Shame Grace C. Huang, Associate Professor of Government Grace C Huang, 2021 Grace C. Huang reconsiders Chiang Kai-shek's leadership and legacy in an intriguing new portrait of this twentieth-century leader. Comparing his response to imperialism to those of Mao, Yuan Shikai, and Mahatma Gandhi, Huang widens the implications of her findings to explore alternatives to Western expressions of nationalism and modernity. |
| chiang kai-shek history: The Generalissimo Jay Taylor, 2009-04-15 One of the most momentous stories of the last century is China’s rise from a self-satisfied, anti-modern, decaying society into a global power that promises to one day rival the United States. Chiang Kai-shek, an autocratic, larger-than-life figure, dominates this story. A modernist as well as a neo-Confucianist, Chiang was a man of war who led the most ancient and populous country in the world through a quarter century of bloody revolutions, civil conflict, and wars of resistance against Japanese aggression. In 1949, when he was defeated by Mao Zedong—his archrival for leadership of China—he fled to Taiwan, where he ruled for another twenty-five years. Playing a key role in the cold war with China, Chiang suppressed opposition with his “white terror,” controlled inflation and corruption, carried out land reform, and raised personal income, health, and educational levels on the island. Consciously or not, he set the stage for Taiwan’s evolution of a Chinese model of democratic modernization. Drawing heavily on Chinese sources including Chiang’s diaries, The Generalissimo provides the most lively, sweeping, and objective biography yet of a man whose length of uninterrupted, active engagement at the highest levels in the march of history is excelled by few, if any, in modern history. Jay Taylor shows a man who was exceedingly ruthless and temperamental but who was also courageous and conscientious in matters of state. Revealing fascinating aspects of Chiang’s life, Taylor provides penetrating insight into the dynamics of the past that lie behind the struggle for modernity of mainland China and its relationship with Taiwan. |
| chiang kai-shek history: Chiang Kai Shek Jonathan Fenby, 2009-04-27 With a narrative as briskly paced and vividly detailed as an international thriller, this definitive biography of Chiang Kai-shek masterfully maps the tumultuous political career of Nationalist China's generalissimo as it reevaluates his brave but unfulfilled life. Chiang Kai-shek was one of the most influential world figures of the twentieth century. The leader of the Kuomintang, the Nationalist movement in China, by 1928 he had established himself as head of the government in Nanking. But while he managed to survive the political storms of the 1930s, Chiang's power was continually being undermined by the Japanese on one side and the Chinese Communists on the other. Drawing extensively on original Chinese sources and accounts by contemporaneous journalists, acclaimed author Jonathan Fenby explores little-known international connections in Chiang's story as he unfolds a story as fascinating in its conspiratorial intrigues as it is remarkable for its psychological insights. This is the definitive biography of the man who, despite his best intentions, helped create modern-day China. |
| chiang kai-shek history: Accidental State Hsiao-ting Lin, 2016-03-14 The existence of two Chinese states—one controlling mainland China, the other controlling the island of Taiwan—is often understood as a seemingly inevitable outcome of the Chinese civil war. Defeated by Mao Zedong, Chiang Kai-shek’s Nationalists fled to Taiwan to establish a rival state, thereby creating the “Two Chinas” dilemma that vexes international diplomacy to this day. Accidental State challenges this conventional narrative to offer a new perspective on the founding of modern Taiwan. Hsiao-ting Lin marshals extensive research in recently declassified archives to show that the creation of a Taiwanese state in the early 1950s owed more to serendipity than careful geostrategic planning. It was the cumulative outcome of ad hoc half-measures and imperfect compromises, particularly when it came to the Nationalists’ often contentious relationship with the United States. Taiwan’s political status was fraught from the start. The island had been formally ceded to Japan after the First Sino-Japanese War, and during World War II the Allies promised Chiang that Taiwan would revert to Chinese rule after Japan’s defeat. But as the Chinese civil war turned against the Nationalists, U.S. policymakers reassessed the wisdom of backing Chiang. The idea of placing Taiwan under United Nations trusteeship gained traction. Cold War realities, and the fear of Taiwan falling into Communist hands, led Washington to recalibrate U.S. policy. Yet American support of a Taiwan-based Republic of China remained ambivalent, and Taiwan had to eke out a place for itself in international affairs as a de facto, if not fully sovereign, state. |
| chiang kai-shek history: Madame Chiang Kai-shek Laura Tyson Li, 2007-12-01 The first biography of one of the most controversial and fascinating women of the twentieth century. Beautiful, brilliant, and captivating, Madame Chiang Kai-shek seized unprecedented power during China’s long and violent civil war. She passionately argued against Chinese Communism in the international arena and influenced decades of Sino-American relations and modern Chinese history. Raised in one of China’s most powerful families and educated at Wellesley College, Soong Mayling went on to become wife, chief adviser, interpreter, and propagandist to Nationalist leader Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek. She sparred with international leaders like Churchill and Roosevelt, and impressed Westerners and Chinese alike with her acumen, charm, and glamour. But she was also decried as a manipulative Dragon Lady,” and despised for living in American-style splendor while Chinese citizens suffered under her husband’s brutal oppression. The result of years of extensive research in the United States and abroad, and written with access to previously classified CIA and diplomatic files, Madame Chiang Kai-shek objectively evaluates one of the most powerful and fascinating women of the twentieth century. “Li brilliantly analyzes a fearless and profoundly conflicted woman of extraordinary force.” —Booklist |
| chiang kai-shek history: Chiang Kai-Shek Emily Hahn, 2015-10-13 An in-depth biography of the towering 20th-century Chinese military and political figure who led the government, first on the mainland and then in exile in Taiwan, from the acclaimed New Yorker correspondent who lived in China when he was head of state In 1911, 24-year-old Chiang Kai-shek was an obscure Chinese student completing his military training in Japan, the only country in the Far East with a modern army. By 1928, the soldier who no one believed would ever amount to anything had achieved world fame as the leader who broke with Russia and released the newly formed Republic of China from Communist control. Emily Hahn’s eye-opening book examines Chiang’s friendship with revolutionary Sun Yat-sen and chronicles his marriage to the glamorous, American-educated Soong May-ling, who converted him to Christianity and helped him enact social reforms. As the leader of the Nationalist Party, Chiang led China for over two decades: from 1927 through the Japanese invasion, World War II, and the civil war that ended with a Communist victory in 1949. After defeat, he retreated with his government to Taiwan where he continued to lead as president of the exiled Republic of China until his death in 1975. Famous for forging a new nation out of the chaos of warlordism, he was an Allied leader during the Second World War, only to end up scorned as an unenlightened dictator at the end of his life. Casting a critical eye on Sino-American relations, Hahn sheds new light on this complex leader who was one of the most important global political figures of the last century. |
| chiang kai-shek history: China's Destiny and Chinese Economic Theory Kai Shew Chiang Kai Shew, 2007-03 This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1917 edition. Excerpt: ... (6) Columns for Discount on Purchases and Discount on Notes on the same side of the Cash Book; (c) Columns for Discount on Sales and Cash Sales on the debit side of the Cash Book; (d) Departmental columns in the Sales Book and in the Purchase Book. Controlling Accounts.--The addition of special columns in books of original entry makes possible the keeping of Controlling Accounts. The most common examples of such accounts are Accounts Receivable account and Accounts Payable account. These summary accounts, respectively, displace individual customers' and creditors' accounts in the Ledger. The customers' accounts are then segregated in another book called the Sales Ledger or Customers' Ledger, while the creditors' accounts are kept in the Purchase or Creditors' Ledger. The original Ledger, now much reduced in size, is called the General Ledger. The Trial Balance now refers to the accounts in the General Ledger. It is evident that the task of taking a Trial Balance is greatly simplified because so many fewer accounts are involved. A Schedule of Accounts Receivable is then prepared, consisting of the balances found in the Sales Ledger, and its total must agree with the balance of the Accounts Receivable account shown in the Trial Balance. A similar Schedule of Accounts Payable, made up of all the balances in the Purchase Ledger, is prepared, and it must agree with the balance of the Accounts Payable account of the General Ledger. The Balance Sheet.--In the more elementary part of the text, the student learned how to prepare a Statement of Assets and Liabilities for the purpose of disclosing the net capital of an enterprise. In the present chapter he was shown how to prepare a similar statement, the Balance Sheet. For all practical... |
| chiang kai-shek history: The Last Empress Hannah Pakula, 2009-11-03 With the beautiful, powerful, and sexy Madame Chiang Kai-shek at the center of one of the great dramas of the twentieth century, this is the story of the founding of modern China, starting with a revolution that swept away more than 2,000 years of monarchy, followed by World War II, and ending in the eventual loss to the Communists and exile in Taiwan. An epic historical tapestry, this wonderfully wrought narrative brings to life what Americans should know about China -- the superpower we are inextricably linked with -- the way its people think and their code of behavior, both vastly different from our own. The story revolves around this fascinating woman and her family: her father, a peasant who raised himself into Shanghai society and sent his daughters to college in America in a day when Chinese women were kept purposefully uneducated; her mother, an unlikely Methodist from the Mandarin class; her husband, a military leader and dogmatic warlord; her sisters, one married to Sun Yat-sen, the George Washington of China, the other to a seventy-fifth lineal descendant of Confucius; and her older brother, a financial genius. This was the Soong family, which, along with their partners in marriage, was largely responsible for dragging China into the twentieth century. Brilliantly narrated, this fierce and bloody drama also includes U.S. Army General Joseph Stilwell; Claire Chennault, head of the Flying Tigers; Communist leaders Mao Tse-tung and Chou En-lai; murderous warlords; journalists Henry Luce, Theodore White, and Edgar Snow; and the unfortunate State Department officials who would be purged for predicting (correctly) the Communist victory in the Chinese Civil War. As the representative of an Eastern ally in the West, Madame Chiang was befriended -- before being rejected -- by the Roosevelts, stayed in the White House for long periods during World War II, and charmed the U.S. Congress into giving China billions of dollars. Although she was dubbed the Dragon Lady in some quarters, she was an icon to her people and is certainly one of the most remarkable women of the twentieth century. |
| chiang kai-shek history: The Secret Army Richard Michael Gibson, 2011-08-04 The incredible story of how Chiang Kai-shek's defeated army came to dominate the Asian drug trade After their defeat in China's civil war, remnants of Chiang Kai-shek's armies took refuge in Burma before being driven into Thailand and Laos. Based on recently declassified government documents, The Secret Army: Chiang Kai-shek and the Drug Warlords of the Golden Triangle reveals the shocking true story of what happened after the Chinese Nationalists lost the revolution. Supported by Taiwan, the CIA, and the Thai government, this former army reinvented itself as an anti-communist mercenary force, fighting into the 1980s, before eventually becoming the drug lords who made the Golden Triangle a household name. Offering a previously unseen look inside the post-war workings of the Kuomintang army, historians Richard Gibson and Wen-hua Chen explore how this fallen military group dominated the drug trade in Southeast Asia for more than three decades. Based on recently released, previously classified government documents Draws on interviews with active participants, as well as a variety of Chinese, Thai, and Burmese written sources Includes unique insights drawn from author Richard Gibson's personal experiences with anti-narcotics trafficking efforts in the Golden Triangle A fascinating look at an untold piece of Chinese—and drug-running—history, The Secret Army offers a revealing look into the history of one of the most infamous drug cartels in Asia. |
| chiang kai-shek history: Wealth and Power Orville Schell, John Delury, 2013 Two leading experts on China evaluate its rise throughout the past one hundred fifty years, sharing portraits of key intellectual and political leaders to explain how China transformed from a country under foreign assault to a world giant. |
| chiang kai-shek history: The Generalissimo's Son Jay Taylor, 2009-06-01 Chiang Ching-kuo, son and political heir of Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, was born in 1910, when Chinese women, nearly all illiterate, hobbled about on bound feet and men wore pigtails as symbols of subservience to the Manchu Dynasty. In his youth Ching-kuo was a Communist and a Trotskyite, and he lived twelve years in Russia. He died in 1988 as the leader of Taiwan, a Chinese society with a flourishing consumer economy and a budding but already wild, woolly, and open democracy. He was an actor in many of the events of the last century that shaped the history of China's struggles and achievements in the modern era: the surge of nationalism among Chinese youth, the grand appeal of Marxism-Leninism, the terrible battle against fascist Japan, and the long, destructive civil war between the Nationalists and the Communists. In 1949, he fled to Taiwan with his father and two million Nationalists. He led the brutal suppression of dissent on the island and was a major player in the cold, sometimes hot war between Communist China and America. By reacting to changing economic, social, and political dynamics on Taiwan, Sino-American rapprochement, Deng Xiaoping's sweeping reforms on the mainland, and other international events, he led Taiwan on a zigzag but ultimately successful transition from dictatorship to democracy. Jay Taylor underscores the interaction of political developments on the mainland and in Taiwan and concludes that if China ever makes a similar transition, it will owe much to the Taiwan example and the Generalissimo's son. |
| chiang kai-shek history: The Struggle Across the Taiwan Strait Ramon Hawley Myers, Jialin Zhang, 2006 A concise and informative history of how China divided in 1949 into two regimes, why they struggled to achieve the same political goal-reunification of China--and why their struggle today continues in a more complex and dangerous way. The authors detail how the changes brought about by the 2000 election not only intensified the conflict between the regimes but locked both sides into a new contest that increased the probability of war rather than peace. |
| chiang kai-shek history: The Man who Lost China Brian Crozier, Eric Chou, 1976 The book ranges from Chiang's early life in Shanghai when he was mixed up with the Green Gang 'mafia,' through his sometimes puzzling relations with Roosevelt and Truman, Claire Chennault, Joe Stilwell, and George C. Marshall, to his government and exile on Taiwan. -- Dust jacket. |
| chiang kai-shek history: Where Chiang Kai-shek Lost China Harold M. Tanner, 2015-08-10 “A masterful contribution not simply to the history of the civil war, but also to the history of 20th century China.” —Steven I. Levine author, Anvil of Victory: The Communist Revolution in Manchuria, 1945-1948) The civil war in China that ended in the 1949 victory of Mao Zedong’s Communist forces was a major blow to U.S. interests in the Far East and led to heated recriminations about how China was “lost.” Despite their significance, there have been few studies in English of the war’s major campaigns. The Liao-Shen Campaign was the final act in the struggle for control of China’s northeast. After the Soviet defeat of Japan in Manchuria, Communist Chinese and then Nationalist troops moved into this strategically important area. China’s largest industrial base and a major source of coal, Manchuria had extensive railways and key ports (both still under Soviet control). When American mediation over control of Manchuria failed, full-scale civil war broke out. By spring of 1946, Chiang Kai-shek’s Nationalist armies had occupied most of the southern, economically developed part of Manchuria, pushing Communist forces north of the Songhua (Sungari) River. But over the next two years, the tide would turn. The Communists isolated the Nationalist armies and mounted a major campaign aimed at destroying the Kuomintang forces. This is the story of that campaign and its outcome, which were to have such far-reaching consequences. “Where Chiang Kai-shek Lost China is more than a fluidly written battle narrative or operational history. By tapping an impressive array of archival materials, published document collections, and memoirs, Harold Tanner has put the Liao-Shen Campaign in the larger context of the Chinese Civil War and significantly advanced our understanding of the military history of modern China.” —Michigan War Studies Review |
| chiang kai-shek history: The Sian Incident Tien-wei Wu, 1976-01-01 When Chiang Kai-shek arrived at Sian in the fall of 1936 and laid plans for launching his last campaign against the Red Army with an expectation of exterminating it in a month, he badly misjudged the mood of the Tungpei (Northeast) Army and more so its leader, Chang Hsueh-liang, better known as the Young Marshal. Refusing to fight the Communists, Chang with the loyal support of his officers staged a coup d’état by kidnapping Chiang Kai-shek for two weeks at Sian. Almost forty years after the melodrama was over, the Sian Incident still absorbs much attention from both Chinese and Western scholars as well as the reading public. The Sian Incident attempts to bring together whatever information has been thus far gleaned about the subject, and to cover all aspects and controversies involved in it. [1, xi, xii] |
| chiang kai-shek history: The China Mission: George Marshall's Unfinished War, 1945-1947 Daniel Kurtz-Phelan, 2018-04-10 An Economist Best Book of 2018 New York Times Book Review Editor’s Pick “Gripping [and] splendid.… An enormous contribution to our understanding of Marshall.”—Washington Post At the end of World War II, General George Marshall took on what he thought was a final mission—this time not to win a war, but to stop one. In China, conflict between Communists and Nationalists threatened to suck in the United States and escalate into revolution. Marshall’s charge was to cross the Pacific, broker a peace, and prevent a Communist takeover, all while staving off World War III. At first, the results seemed miraculous. But as they started to come apart, Marshall was faced with a wrenching choice—one that would alter the course of the Cold War, define the US-China relationship, and spark one of the darkest-ever turns in American political life. The China Mission offers a gripping, close-up view of the central figures of the time—from Marshall, Mao, and Chiang Kai-shek to Eisenhower, Truman, and MacArthur—as they stood face-to-face and struggled to make history, with consequences and lessons that echo today. |
| chiang kai-shek history: General He Yingqin Peter Worthing, 2016-03-29 A revisionist study of the career of General He Yingqin, one of the most prominent military officers in China's Nationalist period (1928–49) and one of the most misunderstood figures in twentieth-century China. Western scholars have dismissed He Yingqin as corrupt and incompetent, yet the Chinese archives reveal that he demonstrated considerable success as a combat commander and military administrator during civil conflicts and the Sino-Japanese War. His work in the Chinese Nationalist military served as the foundation of a close personal and professional relationship with Chiang Kai-shek, with whom he worked closely for more than two decades. Against the backdrop of the Nationalist revolution of the 1920s through the 1940s, Peter Worthing analyzes He Yingqin's rise to power alongside Chiang Kai-shek, his work in building the Nationalist military, and his fundamental role in carrying out policies designed to overcome the regime's greatest obstacles during this turbulent period of Chinese history. |
| chiang kai-shek history: The Great Exodus from China Dominic Meng-Hsuan Yang, 2020-09-24 Dominic Meng-Hsuan Yang examines the human exodus from China to Taiwan in 1949, focusing on trauma, memory, and identity. |
| chiang kai-shek history: Chiang Kai-Shek's Secret Past Ch'en Chieh-ju, 2019-03-08 This engrossing memoir tells the fascinating story of one of China's great leaders during the Nationalist revolution of the 1920s and of the woman who paid a staggering price so that he could attain his ambition. The tale begins in 1919 when the thirty-two-year-old Chiang Kai-shek met the naïve thirteen-year-old whom he would call Ch'en Chieh-ju. |
| chiang kai-shek history: Chiang Kai-shek's Teacher and Ambassador Hollington Kong Tong, 2005 To people interested in the history of the Republic of China, this book is a must read. The author Hollington K. Tong was a member of President Chiang Kai-shek's inner circle. He had detail knowledge of many intriguing events of that time. After the founding of the Republic of China in 1911, the various parts of the country were controlled by many warlords. Chiang's successful Northern Expedition unified the country. But a civil war with the Communists started and followed by a Japanese invasion and World War II. General Stilwell's dislike of Chiang influenced a change in American policy towards Free China, which most likely caused the fall of mainland China to the Communists. Miraculously, Free China in Taiwan has survived and prospered to this day. |
| chiang kai-shek history: China's Russian Princess：the Silent Wife Mark O’Neill, 2020-02-01 香港小學生常見病句大可以分成三大類：（一）措詞不當類；（二）違反邏輯思維類及（三）違反漢語語法類。 本書根據上述分點，收錄了香港小學生最常見的一百五十句病例。作者在每條病句下，並列出對應的粵口語和書面語，簡明分析孩子寫作時的心理狀況，如何受各種因素的影響，循循善誘，為家長與中文導師講述如何幫助孩子糾正錯誤，讓他們輕輕鬆鬆學習寫作。 |
| chiang kai-shek history: The Northern Expedition Donald A. Jordan, 2019-03-31 The Chinese state of the 1920s was one of disunified parts, ruled by warlords too strong for civilians to oust and too weak to resist the demands and bribes of foreign powers. China's treaty ports were crucibles of change in which congregated the educated elite, exposed to modern ways, who felt the need for a national revolution to revitalize their country and to provide her with a new, more integrated political system. Nationwide in their origins and representing varying political ideologies, this elite formed a loose coalition to achieve a common goal. In 1926 the first step in the military campaign known as the Northern Expedition was launched to conquer the armed forces of the warlords, the greatest obstacle in the path toward reunification of China. Until now, historians have ascribed much of the success of the Northern Expedition, culminating in the capture of Peking, to the Communist-led mass organizations who were reported to have won over the populace in the territory ahead of the National Revolutionary Army. Dr. Jordan's research, especially in Communist materials, has uncovered evidence indicating that, although the mass organizations did aid the army at particular points in 1925 and 1926, there had also been a side to the mass movement that was disruptive to the goal of reunification. Of additional import, some of the key participants in the later governments of Taiwan and Peking—among them Chiang Kai-shek, Mao Tse-tung, Chou En-lai, and Lin Piao—received their basic political training in the National Revolution. |
| chiang kai-shek history: Generalissimo and Madame Chiang Kai Shek Basil Miller, 2013-10 This is a new release of the original 1943 edition. |
| chiang kai-shek history: Conceptions of Chinese Democracy David J. Lorenzo, 2013-05-15 Close attention to the writings of the founding fathers of the Republic of China on Taiwan shows that democracy is indeed compatible with Chinese culture. Conceptions of Chinese Democracy provides a coherent and critical introduction to the democratic thought of three fathers of modern Taiwan—Sun Yat-sen, Chiang Kai-shek, and Chiang Ching-kuo—in a way that is accessible and grounded in broader traditions of political theory. David J. Lorenzo’s comparative study allows the reader to understand the leaders’ democratic conceptions and highlights important contradictions, strengths, and weaknesses that are central to any discussion of Chinese culture and democratic theory. Lorenzo further considers the influence of their writings on political theorists, democracy advocates, and activists on mainland China. Students of political science and theory, democratization, and Chinese culture and history will benefit from the book's substantive discussions of democracy, and scholars and specialists will appreciate the larger arguments about the influence of these ideas and their transmission through time. |
| chiang kai-shek history: Chiang Kai-shek's Secret Past Ch'En Chieh-Ju, 2020-09-30 This engrossing memoir tells the fascinating story of one of China's great leaders during the Nationalist revolution of the 1920s and of the woman who paid a staggering price so that he could attain his ambition. The tale begins in 1919 when the thirty-two-year-old Chiang Kai-shek met the naïve thirteen-year-old whom he would call Ch'en Chieh-ju. |
| chiang kai-shek history: Chiang Kai-shek, His Life and Times Keiji Furuya, 1981 |
| chiang kai-shek history: Forgotten Ally Rana Mitter, 2013-09-10 A history of the Chinese experience in WWII, named a Book of the Year by both the Economist and the Financial Times: “Superb” (The New York Times Book Review). In 1937, two years before Hitler invaded Poland, Chinese troops clashed with Japanese occupiers in the first battle of World War II. Joining with the United States, the Soviet Union, and Great Britain, China became the fourth great ally in a devastating struggle for its very survival. In this book, prize-winning historian Rana Mitter unfurls China’s drama of invasion, resistance, slaughter, and political intrigue as never before. Based on groundbreaking research, this gripping narrative focuses on a handful of unforgettable characters, including Chiang Kai-shek, Mao Zedong, and Chiang’s American chief of staff, “Vinegar Joe” Stilwell—and also recounts the sacrifice and resilience of everyday Chinese people through the horrors of bombings, famines, and the infamous Rape of Nanking. More than any other twentieth-century event, World War II was crucial in shaping China’s worldview, making Forgotten Ally both a definitive work of history and an indispensable guide to today’s China and its relationship with the West. |
| chiang kai-shek history: Chiang Kai Shek Jonathan Fenby, 2005 The first important English-language chronicle of the Chinese warlord who lost mainland China to Mao during the Communist Revolution reconstructs his fascinating rise to power in the 1920s and 1930s, his struggles for power during World War II, and his subsequent drubbing at the hands of the Communists. Reprint. |
| chiang kai-shek history: Seeds of Destruction Lloyd E. Eastman, 1984 |
| chiang kai-shek history: The CIA and Third Force Movements in China during the Early Cold War Roger B. Jeans, 2017-11-27 When the Chinese Communists defeated the Chinese Nationalists and occupied the mainland in 1949–1950, U.S. policymakers were confronted with a dilemma. Disgusted by the corruption and, more importantly, failure of Chiang Kai-shek’s Nationalist armies and party and repelled by the Communists’ revolutionary actions and violent class warfare, in the early 1950s the U.S. government placed its hopes in a Chinese “third force.” While the U.S. State Department reported on third forces, the CIA launched a two-prong effort to actively support these groups with money, advisors, and arms. In Japan, Okinawa, and Saipan, the agency trained third force troops at CIA bases. The Chinese commander of these soldiers was former high-ranking Nationalist General Cai Wenzhi. He and his colleagues organized a political group, the Free China Movement. His troops received parachute training as well as other types of combat and intelligence instruction at agency bases. Subsequently, several missions were dispatched to Manchuria—the Korean War was raging then—and South China. All were failures and the Chinese third force agents were killed or imprisoned. With the end of the Korean War, the Americans terminated this armed third force movement, with the Nationalists on Taiwan taking in some of its soldiers while others moved to Hong Kong. The Americans flew Cai to Washington, where he took a job with the Department of Defense. The second prong of the CIA’s effort was in Hong Kong. The agency financially supported and advised the creation of a third force organization called the Fighting League for Chinese Freedom and Democracy. It also funded several third force periodicals. Created in 1951 and 1952, in 1953 and 1954 the CIA ended its financial support. As a consequence of this as well as factionalism within the group, in 1954 the League collapsed and its leaders scattered to the four winds. At the end, even the term “third force” was discredited and replaced by “new force.” Finally, in the early 1950s, the CIA backed as a third force candidate a Vietnamese general. With his assassination in May 1955, however, that effort also came to naught. |
| chiang kai-shek history: China 1945 Richard Bernstein, 2015-10-27 At the beginning of 1945, relations between America and the Chinese Communists couldn’t have been closer. Chinese leaders talked of America helping to lift China out of poverty; Mao Zedong himself held friendly meetings with U.S. emissaries. By year’s end, Chinese Communist soldiers were setting ambushes for American marines; official cordiality had been replaced by chilly hostility and distrust, a pattern which would continue for a quarter century, with the devastating wars in Korea and Vietnam among the consequences. In China 1945, Richard Bernstein tells the incredible story of the sea change that took place during that year—brilliantly analyzing its far-reaching components and colorful characters, from diplomats John Paton Davies and John Stewart Service to Time journalist, Henry Luce; in addition to Mao and his intractable counterpart, Chiang Kai-shek, and the indispensable Zhou Enlai. A tour de force of narrative history, China 1945 examines American power coming face-to-face with a formidable Asian revolutionary movement, and challenges familiar assumptions about the origins of modern Sino-American relations. |
| chiang kai-shek history: The China of Chiang K'ai-Shek: A Political Study Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger, 2019-12-02 'The China of Chiang K'ai-Shek' by Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger is a seminal study of Chinese politics during the mid-twentieth century, providing an in-depth exploration of the government under Chiang Kai-shek. The book discusses key issues like constitutional change, political organs of the national government, administrative organs, provincial and local government, and the Kuomintang, the Communist Party, and other minor parties. It examines the impact of Japanese and pro-Japanese forces on the Chinese government and analyzes extra-political forces such as mass education and rural reconstruction. The book also evaluates the ideologies of Sun Yat-sen and Chiang Kai-shek, offering readers a comprehensive understanding of China's political climate during this crucial period. |
| chiang kai-shek history: Politics, Murder, and Love in Stalin's Kremlin Paul R. Gregory, 2013-09-01 Drawing from Hoover Institution archival documents, Paul Gregory sheds light on how the world's first socialist state went terribly wrong and why it was likely to veer off course through the tragic story of Stalin's most prominent victims: Pravda editor Nikolai Bukharin and his wife, Anna Larina. |
| chiang kai-shek history: China's War with Japan, 1937-1945 Rana Mitter, 2014 In Rana Mitter's tense, moving and hugely important book, the war between China and Japan - one of the most important struggles of the Second World War - at last gets the masterly history it deserves. |
| chiang kai-shek history: Berkshire Dictionary of Chinese Biography Volume 4 Kerry Brown, 2015-05-01 The Berkshire Dictionary of Chinese Biography (1979-2015) provides a riveting new way to understand twenty-first-century China and a personal look at the changes that have taken place since the Reform and Opening Up era started in 1979. One hundred key individuals from this period were selected by an international group of experts, and the stories were written by more than 70 authors in 14 countries. The authors map the paths taken by these individuals-some rocky, some meandering, some fateful-and in telling their stories give contemporary Chinese history a human face. The editors have included-with the advice of myriad experts around the world-not only the life stories of politicians and government officials, who play a crucial role in the development of the country, but the stories of cultural figures including, film directors, activists, writers, and entrepreneurs from the mainland China, Hong Kong, and also from Taiwan. The Greater China that comes through in this volume has diverse ideas and identities. It is often contradictory, sometimes fractious, and always full of creative human complexity. Some of the lives rendered here are heroic. Some are tragic, and many are inspirational. Some figures come in for trenchant criticism, and others are celebrated with a sense of wonder and awe. Like previous volumes of the Berkshire Dictionary of Chinese Biography, this volume includes a range of appendices, including a pronunciation guide, a bibliography, and a timeline of key events. |
| chiang kai-shek history: The Commanding Heights Daniel Yergin, 1998 |
| chiang kai-shek history: Singapore in the Global System Peter Preston, 2007-12-21 This book tracks the phases of Singapore’s economic and political development, arguing that its success was always dependent upon the territories links with the surrounding region and the wider global system, and suggests that managing these links today will be the key to the country’s future. Singapore has followed a distinctive historical development trajectory. It was one of a number of cities which provided bases for the expansion of the British empire in the East. But the Pacific War provided local elites with their chance to secure independence. In Singapore the elite disciplined and mobilized their population and built successfully on their colonial inheritance. Today, the city-state prospers in the context of its regional and global networks, and sustaining and nurturing these are the keys to its future. But there are clouds on the elite’s horizons; domestically, the population is restive with inequality, migration and surplus-repression causing concern; and internationally, the strategy of constructing a business-hub economy is being widely copied and both Hong Kong and Shanghai are significant competitors. This book discusses these issues and argues that although success is likely to characterize Singapore’s future, the elite will have to address these significant domestic and international problems. |
| chiang kai-shek history: Mao Jung Chang, Jon Halliday, 2011-10-05 The most authoritative life of the Chinese leader every written, Mao: The Unknown Story is based on a decade of research, and on interviews with many of Mao’s close circle in China who have never talked before — and with virtually everyone outside China who had significant dealings with him. It is full of startling revelations, exploding the myth of the Long March, and showing a completely unknown Mao: he was not driven by idealism or ideology; his intimate and intricate relationship with Stalin went back to the 1920s, ultimately bringing him to power; he welcomed Japanese occupation of much of China; and he schemed, poisoned, and blackmailed to get his way. After Mao conquered China in 1949, his secret goal was to dominate the world. In chasing this dream he caused the deaths of 38 million people in the greatest famine in history. In all, well over 70 million Chinese perished under Mao’s rule — in peacetime. |
The Long March - Open Scholarship
1918, Chiang Kai-Shek was a member of the_ Kuo~ intang. Chiang, along with Sun Yat Sen, believed m the unification of China. While visiting the Soviet Union for the first time in 1923 …
Where Chiang Kai-shek Lost China: The Liao-Shen Campaign, …
Where Chiang Kai-shek Lost China is more than a fluidly written battle narrative or operational history. By tapping an impressive array of archival materials, published document collections, …
UW Tacoma Digital Commons - University of Washington
History Undergraduate Theses History Spring 6-13-2022 The Forgotten Floods: Examining the Consequences of the Yellow River Disaster, 1938-1947 ... communists in their defeat of …
CHIANG KAI SHEK IN INDIA: An episode in the Sino-Indian …
CHIANG KAI SHEK IN INDIA An episode in the Sino-Indian relationship. S. P. Shukla The visit of Chiang Kai Shek to India at the beginning of the year 1942 is of great significance to students …
The Japanese Invasion of Nanjing (1937-8) - Dearborn Public …
May 21, 2019 · Excerpt from New History Textbook . Published by Fusosha, Tokyo, Japan: 2005. In August 1937, two Japanese soldiers, one an officer, were shot to death in Shanghai (the …
Chiang Kai-shek's Rise to Power: Reflections from His …
Chiang Kai-shek's Rise to Power: Reflections from His Recently Released Diaries Paul H. Tai* Abstract TheMarch2006-releasedChiangKai-shekdiaries,1917-1931,atthe ...
Chiang Kai-shek, Oral History Statement, 11/22/1964 - JFK …
Chiang Kai-shek, Oral History Statement, 11/22/1964 Administrative Information Creator: Chiang Kai-shek Date of Statement: November 22, 1964 Length: 4 pages, 1 addendum Biographical …
The War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression - Springer
The Japanese invasion of China was the major turning point in Chinese history in the twentieth century. 24.1 The Xi’an Incident Prior to the invasion, another important incident takes place, …
The Politics of Chiang Kai-shek - JSTOR
The Politics of Chiang Kai-shek: A REAPPRAISAL PICHON P. Y. LOH (.(1W'OR forty years," Sun Yat-sen said in March I925 in the Tsungli's Will, "I have 1 devoted myself to the cause of the …
George C. Marshall as Special Envoy to China, December 1945 …
Chiang Kai-Shek’s Kuomintang (KMT, Chinese Nationalist Party) and Mao Zedong’s Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Hurley angrily resigned on November 6, 1945, after his negotiations …
Mao Tze-tung: PRESENT SITUATION AND OUR TASKS
A Turning Point in History . The revolutionary war of the Chinese people has now reached a turning point. That is, the Chinese People's Liberation Army has repelled the attacks of the …
Chiang Kai-shek and the Anti-Japanese - JSTOR
Chiang Kai-shek and the Nanking government, never tolerant of criticism, chafed under the incessant attacks of China's most widely read periodical. According to one account, Chiang …
The Origins of the Second United Front: The Comintern and …
Oct 1, 2016 · Chiang Kai-shek, was essential to an evaluation of subsequent CCP-Soviet relations. This article is a contribution to our under-standing of this important problem. ...
THE COLLAPSE OF NATIONALIST CHINA - Cambridge …
When World War II ended, Chiang Kai-shek seemed at the height of his power the leader of Nationalist China, one of the victorious Allied Powers in 1945, and with the nancial backing of …
U.S.-Taiwan Military Diplomacy Revisited: Chiang Kai-shek, …
U.S.-Taiwan Military Diplomacy Revisited: Chiang Kai-shek, Baituan, and the 1954 Mutual Defense Pact* INTRODUCTION On December 2, 1954, the mutual defense treaty between …
Rethinking the Chongqing negotiations - JSTOR
[The turning point of modern Chinese history] (Hong Kong: Youlian chubanshe, 1976), 1–2. 3Jiang Yuntian, Zhongguo jindaishi, 1–2, citation translated from page 4. ... the conflict zone in …
The Chinese Civil War - The National Archives
Source 3b: Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong at the Chongqing negotiations, a series of negotiations between the KMT and CCP from 29 August to 10 October 1945. Wikimedia …
The Long March: Fact and Fancy - JSTOR
of history: its purpose, to preserve the mili-tary power of the Communist Party."7 From a more narrow technical military viewpoint the Long March can be described as a strategic retreat. …
CRITIQUE OF CHINA’S DESTINY - revolutionarydemocracy.org
Early in 1943, Chiang Kai -shek’s book, China’s Destiny, was published. This pamphlet consists of an exhaustive review of the main ideas in Chiang’s book written by a leading personality of the …
War or Stratagem? Reassessing China's - JSTOR
Second World War, Chiang Kai-shek manoeuvred towards a possible war with Tibet in order to serve other military, strategic and political purposes, namely, to insert his direct control into …
Taylor, Jay The Generalissimo: Chiang Kai-shek and the …
The life of Chiang Kai-shek has been defined by the idea that China was lost to communist forces while under his rule. Despite being a major world leader ... world history. Taylor presents a …
The Production of the Chiang Kai-Shek Personality Cult, …
The Production of the Chiang Kai-shek Personality Cult 1929-1975 Jeremy E. Taylor Abstract One of the most visible features of Nationalist rule on Taiwan through out the period of martial …
Chiang Kai-shek’s complicated and troubling legacy in Taiwan
U nwanted statues and busts of Taiwan's longest-serving head of state Chiang Kai-shek have been placed at the Cihu Sculpture Park in Taoyuan city. ST PHOTOS: YIP WAI YEE T he …
Study of Chiang Kai-shek's Foreign Policy during the
History is a human activity, and historical research should be carried out with people as the center. ... Chiang Kai shek's diplomatic thoughts towards the United States: Chiang Kai shek's ...
China's "New Remembering" of the Anti-Japanese War of
official publication in 1954, for instance, Chiang Kai-shek is given scant credit for fighting in the war. Chiang, it notes, announced resistance to Japan, only "under nationwide pressure of the …
A Revisionist View of the Nanjing Decade: Confucian …
decade when Chiang Kai-shek attempted to extend his control over the country's central and eastern provinces, a fascist regime? If fascism is defined by Friedrich's classic criteria, then …
The Kuomintang Regime and the Shanghai Capitalists, 1927 …
to Chiang's regime. After April 1927 Nanking's domination of Shanghai gave Chiang Kai-shek a financial advantage in defeating these domestic regional challenges. Shanghai, with its …
Mao, Lin Biao and the Fifth Encirclement Campaign - JSTOR
by Chiang Kai-shek in 1933-34 against the Jiangxi Soviet may be con-sidered as an important landmark in contemporary Chinese history. From a purely military standpoint, in view of its …
Chiang Kai-shek’s complicated and troubling legacy in Taiwan
Taipei’s National Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall, where millions of tourists flock to every year to take selfies and watch thechanging of the guard. But emotions are running partic-ularly high …
Chiang Kai-shek’s complicated and troubling legacy in Taiwan
U nwanted statues and busts of Taiwan's longest-serving head of state Chiang Kai-shek have been placed at the Cihu Sculpture Park in Taoyuan city. ST PHOTOS: YIP WAI YEE T he …
Chiang Kai-shek And World Peace - JSTOR
"Evaluating Chiang and Mao" Chiang Kai-shek And World Peace I. Introduction The United Nations designated 1986 as the year of "World Peace". The Republic of China was one of the …
The Generalissimo: Chiang Kai-shek and the Struggle for …
The Generalissimo: Chiang Kai-shek and the Struggle for Modern China | Canadian Journal of History | Find Articles 1/11/12 9:35 PM
The United Front in China - JSTOR
The Comintern position on Chiang Kai-shek and the KM T was at first ambiguous, then one of qualified approval, and finally one of unconditional support. At the seventh Comintern …
Strategy and Combat During the Battle of Shanghai
Chiang Kai-Shek decided to lead China into total war with Japan for financial, strategic, and political reasons. The Chinese initiated intense resistance at Shanghai to stall the rapid …
The Ideological Persuasion of Chiang Kai-Shek - JSTOR
Aug 4, 2017 · Chiang Chieh-shih hsien-sheng (Mr. Chiang Kai-shek, I 887-I926) (Hongkong: Lung-men shu-tien [October I936], November I965), sth ts'e, p. 3a, gives 20January Ig23, as …
Chiang Kai-Shek - Worktribe
Chiang Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshi 蔣介石)—also referred to as Chiang Chung-cheng (Jiang Zhongzheng 蔣 ... [Chiang’s] role in history” (p. 431) at the height of the Cold War, and it …
Chiang Kai Shek Versus Tse Tung The Battle For China 1946 …
Chiang Kai-Shek Versus Mao Tse-Tung Philip Jowett,2018-03 This volume in the Images of War series is the first photographic history of the Chinese Civil War, fought between Chiang Kai …
The Command Crisis in China, 1944 - JSTOR
In September 1944, Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek demanded that President Franklin D. Roosevelt recall General Joseph W. Stilwell from China. The origins of this demand lay in the …
FASCIST MOVEMENT in China emerged the year fol- - JSTOR
Chiang Kai-shek slaughtered thousands of workers in Shanghai. Mao Tse-tung indicates that the national bourgeoisie had a ten-dency to vacillate between alliances because they disliked …
China's Decision to Enter the Korean War: History Revisited
Chiang Kai-shek's forces.5 Washington's disengagement policy was therefore gradual and cautious, and sometimes ambiguous. The Truman and Acheson disengagement policy and …
NORMAN D. PALMER I - JSTOR
Current History Vol.15 OCTOBER,1948 No.86 "SunYat-senistheepitomeandRepublican Chinaistheexpositioninfull" Makers of Modern China III. ... totheprinciplesofSunYat-sen. …
Qujianghua: Disposing of and Re-Appraising the Remnants of …
Taylor. Qujianghuo: The Remnants ofChiang Kai-shek's Reign on Taiwan 185 was one based purely on violence. 'Some people say that Chiang Kai-shek is dead', arguedJim Lee (Li …
Fascism in Kuomintang China - JSTOR
Jan 21, 2017 · Chiang Kai-shek returned to Nanking on 21 January 1932, and he became a member of the newly formed Military Affairs Commission on the 29th - the day after the …
2 | The Statesman - JSTOR
Oct 27, 2023 · 62 poetry, history, memory 2RPP namesake of the French president who gave the word “collaboration” its negative connotation. Wang’s coalition with Chiang Kai-shek was a …
Chiang Kai-shek's Quest for Soviet Entry into the Sino …
Yang, like Chiang Kai-shek, was a mili-tary man. Like Chiang, Yang had attended the Shimbu Gakko (military prepara-tory school) in Japan, enrolling the year after Chiang left. Yang …
WESTERN INVOLVEMENT IN CHINA (1557— 1949): …
painting, porcelain and great works of literature. But the history of modern China presents a sad spectacle of a nation in crisis. The pro-longed and protracted crisis finally exploded in 1949 …
Chiang Kai-shek Becomes President of China on JSTOR
HAROLD S. QUIGLEY, Chiang Kai-shek Becomes President of China, Current History (1916-1940), Vol. 29, No. 2 (NOVEMBER, 1928), pp. 350-352
The History of the Twentieth Century
But the Communists had not yet heard from Chiang Kai-shek. Two months after the party congress adjourned, on March 20, 1926, Chiang declared martial law in Guangzhou. The …
Bill of Rights in Action - teachdemocracy.org
World History Archive/Alamay Stock Photo In 1945, Chairman of the National Government of China Chiang Kai-shek met with Chinese Communist leader Mao Zedong in Chongqing , …
