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| chicago minimum wage history: Illiberal Reformers Thomas C. Leonard, 2016-01-12 The pivotal and troubling role of progressive-era economics in the shaping of modern American liberalism In Illiberal Reformers, Thomas Leonard reexamines the economic progressives whose ideas and reform agenda underwrote the Progressive Era dismantling of laissez-faire and the creation of the regulatory welfare state, which, they believed, would humanize and rationalize industrial capitalism. But not for all. Academic social scientists such as Richard T. Ely, John R. Commons, and Edward A. Ross, together with their reform allies in social work, charity, journalism, and law, played a pivotal role in establishing minimum-wage and maximum-hours laws, workmen's compensation, antitrust regulation, and other hallmarks of the regulatory welfare state. But even as they offered uplift to some, economic progressives advocated exclusion for others, and did both in the name of progress. Leonard meticulously reconstructs the influence of Darwinism, racial science, and eugenics on scholars and activists of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, revealing a reform community deeply ambivalent about America's poor. Illiberal Reformers shows that the intellectual champions of the regulatory welfare state proposed using it not to help those they portrayed as hereditary inferiors but to exclude them. |
| chicago minimum wage history: The Contribution of the Minimum Wage to U.S. Wage Inequality Over Three Decades David H. Autor, Alan Manning, Christopher L. Smith, 2010 We reassess the effect of state and federal minimum wages on U.S. earnings inequality using two additional decades of data and far greater variation in minimum wages than was available to earlier studies. We argue that prior literature suffers from two sources of bias and propose an IV strategy to address both. We find that the minimum wage reduces inequality in the lower tail of the wage distribution (the 50/10 wage ratio), but the impacts are typically less than half as large as those reported elsewhere and are almost negligible for males. Nevertheless, the estimated effects extend to wage percentiles where the minimum is nominally non-binding, implying spillovers. However, we show that spillovers and measurement error (absent spillovers) have similar implications for the effect of the minimum on the shape of the lower tail of the measured wage distribution. With available precision, we cannot reject the hypothesis that estimated spillovers to non-binding percentiles are due to reporting artifacts. Accepting this null, the implied effect of the minimum wage on the actual wage distribution is smaller than the effect of the minimum wage on the measured wage distribution. |
| chicago minimum wage history: The Minimum Wage Central debating league, 1914 |
| chicago minimum wage history: MINIMUM WAGE Central Debating League, University of Chicago, 2016-08-27 |
| chicago minimum wage history: The Sum of Us Heather McGhee, 2022-02-08 NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • LONGLISTED FOR THE NATIONAL BOOK AWARD • One of today’s most insightful and influential thinkers offers a powerful exploration of inequality and the lesson that generations of Americans have failed to learn: Racism has a cost for everyone—not just for people of color. WINNER OF THE PORCHLIGHT BUSINESS BOOK AWARD • ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR: Time, The Washington Post, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, Ms. magazine, BookRiot, Library Journal “This is the book I’ve been waiting for.”—Ibram X. Kendi, #1 New York Times bestselling author of How to Be an Antiracist Look for the author’s podcast, The Sum of Us, based on this book! Heather McGhee’s specialty is the American economy—and the mystery of why it so often fails the American public. From the financial crisis of 2008 to rising student debt to collapsing public infrastructure, she found a root problem: racism in our politics and policymaking. But not just in the most obvious indignities for people of color. Racism has costs for white people, too. It is the common denominator of our most vexing public problems, the core dysfunction of our democracy and constitutive of the spiritual and moral crises that grip us all. But how did this happen? And is there a way out? McGhee embarks on a deeply personal journey across the country from Maine to Mississippi to California, tallying what we lose when we buy into the zero-sum paradigm—the idea that progress for some of us must come at the expense of others. Along the way, she meets white people who confide in her about losing their homes, their dreams, and their shot at better jobs to the toxic mix of American racism and greed. This is the story of how public goods in this country—from parks and pools to functioning schools—have become private luxuries; of how unions collapsed, wages stagnated, and inequality increased; and of how this country, unique among the world’s advanced economies, has thwarted universal healthcare. But in unlikely places of worship and work, McGhee finds proof of what she calls the Solidarity Dividend: the benefits we gain when people come together across race to accomplish what we simply can’t do on our own. The Sum of Us is not only a brilliant analysis of how we arrived here but also a heartfelt message, delivered with startling empathy, from a black woman to a multiracial America. It leaves us with a new vision for a future in which we finally realize that life can be more than a zero-sum game. LONGLISTED FOR THE ANDREW CARNEGIE MEDAL |
| chicago minimum wage history: The Book of the States Council of State Governments, 2008-06 The Book of the States contains essential and hard-to-find information from each state and territory in easy-to-read summaries, tables and charts. Published since 1935, The Book of the States has been the reference tool of choice for over half-a-century, providing information, answers and comparisons about all 56 U.S. states and territories. Your reference collection will not be complete without this invaluable source. Published annually. |
| chicago minimum wage history: The Encyclopedia of Chicago James R. Grossman, Ann Durkin Keating, Janice L. Reiff, Newberry Library, Chicago Historical Society, 2004 A comprehensive historical reference on metropolitan Chicago encompasses more than 1,400 entries on such topics as neighborhoods, ethnic groups, cultural institutions, and business history, and furnishes interpretive essays on the literary images of Chicago, the built environment, and the city's sports culture. |
| chicago minimum wage history: Democracy and the Left Evelyne Huber, John D. Stephens, 2012-09-01 Although inequality in Latin America ranks among the worst in the world, it has notably declined over the last decade, offset by improvements in health care and education, enhanced programs for social assistance, and increases in the minimum wage. In Democracy and the Left, Evelyne Huber and John D. Stephens argue that the resurgence of democracy in Latin America is key to this change. In addition to directly affecting public policy, democratic institutions enable left-leaning political parties to emerge, significantly influencing the allocation of social spending on poverty and inequality. But while democracy is an important determinant of redistributive change, it is by no means the only factor. Drawing on a wealth of data, Huber and Stephens present quantitative analyses of eighteen countries and comparative historical analyses of the five most advanced social policy regimes in Latin America, showing how international power structures have influenced the direction of their social policy. They augment these analyses by comparing them to the development of social policy in democratic Portugal and Spain. The most ambitious examination of the development of social policy in Latin America to date, Democracy and the Left shows that inequality is far from intractable—a finding with crucial policy implications worldwide. |
| chicago minimum wage history: Citizen Louise W. Knight, 2008-09-15 Jane Addams was the first American woman to receive the Nobel Peace Prize. Now Citizen, Louise W. Knight's masterful biography, reveals Addams's early development as a political activist and social philosopher. In this book we observe a powerful mind grappling with the radical ideas of her age, most notably the ever-changing meanings of democracy. Citizen covers the first half of Addams's life, from 1860 to 1899. Knight recounts how Addams, a child of a wealthy family in rural northern Illinois, longed for a life of larger purpose. She broadened her horizons through education, reading, and travel, and, after receiving an inheritance upon her father's death, moved to Chicago in 1889 to co-found Hull House, the city's first settlement house. Citizen shows vividly what the settlement house actually was—a neighborhood center for education and social gatherings—and describes how Addams learned of the abject working conditions in American factories, the unchecked power wielded by employers, the impact of corrupt local politics on city services, and the intolerable limits placed on women by their lack of voting rights. These experiences, Knight makes clear, transformed Addams. Always a believer in democracy as an abstraction, Addams came to understand that this national ideal was also a life philosophy and a mandate for civic activism by all. As her story unfolds, Knight astutely captures the enigmatic Addams's compassionate personality as well as her flawed human side. Written in a strong narrative voice, Citizen is an insightful portrait of the formative years of a great American leader. “Knight’s decision to focus on Addams’s early years is a stroke of genius. We know a great deal about Jane Addams the public figure. We know relatively little about how she made the transition from the 19th century to the 20th. In Knight’s book, Jane Addams comes to life. . . . Citizen is written neither to make money nor to gain academic tenure; it is a gift, meant to enlighten and improve. Jane Addams would have understood.”—Alan Wolfe, New York Times Book Review “My only complaint about the book is that there wasn’t more of it. . . . Knight honors Addams as an American original.”—Kathleen Dalton, Chicago Tribune |
| chicago minimum wage history: The Hour of Fate Susan Berfield, 2020-05-05 A riveting narrative of Wall Street buccaneering, political intrigue, and two of American history's most colossal characters, struggling for mastery in an era of social upheaval and rampant inequality. It seemed like no force in the world could slow J. P. Morgan's drive to power. In the summer of 1901, the financier was assembling his next mega-deal: Northern Securities, an enterprise that would affirm his dominance in America's most important industry-the railroads. Then, a bullet from an anarchist's gun put an end to the business-friendly presidency of William McKinley. A new chief executive bounded into office: Theodore Roosevelt. He was convinced that as big business got bigger, the government had to check the influence of the wealthiest or the country would inch ever closer to collapse. By March 1902, battle lines were drawn: the government sued Northern Securities for antitrust violations. But as the case ramped up, the coal miners' union went on strike and the anthracite pits that fueled Morgan's trains and heated the homes of Roosevelt's citizens went silent. With millions of dollars on the line, winter bearing down, and revolution in the air, it was a crisis that neither man alone could solve. Richly detailed and propulsively told, The Hour of Fate is the gripping story of a banker and a president thrown together in the crucible of national emergency even as they fought in court. The outcome of the strike and the case would change the course of our history. Today, as the country again asks whether saving democracy means taming capital, the lessons of Roosevelt and Morgan's time are more urgent than ever. Winner of the 2021 Theodore Roosevelt Association Book Prize Finalist for the Presidential Leadership Book Award |
| chicago minimum wage history: Minimum Wages David Neumark, William L. Wascher, 2008 A comprehensive review of evidence on the effect of minimum wages on employment, skills, wage and income distributions, and longer-term labor market outcomes concludes that the minimum wage is not a good policy tool. |
| chicago minimum wage history: How Antitrust Failed Workers Eric A. Posner, 2021 Antitrust law has very rarely been used by workers to challenge anticompetitive employment practices. Yet recent empirical research shows that labor markets are highly concentrated, and that employers engage in practices that harm competition and suppress wages. These practices include no-poaching agreements, wage-fixing, mergers, covenants not to compete, and misclassification of gig workers as independent contractors. This failure of antitrust to challenge labor-market misbehavior is due to a range of other failures-intellectual, political, moral, and economic. And the impact of this failure has been profound for wage levels, economic growth, and inequality. In light of the recent empirical work, it is urgent for regulators, courts, lawyers, and Congress to redirect antitrust resources to labor market problems. This book offers a strategy for judicial and legislative reform-- |
| chicago minimum wage history: Nowhere Man Aleksandar Hemon, 2009-12-23 In this stylistically adventurous, brilliantly funny tour de force-the most highly acclaimed debut since Nathan Englander's-Aleksander Hemon writes of love and war, Sarajevo and America, with a skill and imagination that are breathtaking. A love affair is experienced in the blink of an eye as the Archduke Ferdinand watches his wife succumb to an assassin's bullet. An exiled writer, working in a sandwich shop in Chicago, adjusts to the absurdities of his life. Love letters from war torn Sarajevo navigate the art of getting from point A to point B without being shot. With a surefooted sense of detail and life-saving humor, Aleksandar Hemon examines the overwhelming events of history and the effect they have on individual lives. These heartrending stories bear the unmistakable mark of an important new international writer. |
| chicago minimum wage history: The Economists' Hour Binyamin Appelbaum, 2019-09-03 In this lively and entertaining history of ideas (Liaquat Ahamed, The New Yorker), New York Times editorial writer Binyamin Appelbaum tells the story of the people who sparked four decades of economic revolution. Before the 1960s, American politicians had never paid much attention to economists. But as the post-World War II boom began to sputter, economists gained influence and power. In The Economists' Hour, Binyamin Appelbaum traces the rise of the economists, first in the United States and then around the globe, as their ideas reshaped the modern world, curbing government, unleashing corporations and hastening globalization. Some leading figures are relatively well-known, such as Milton Friedman, the elfin libertarian who had a greater influence on American life than any other economist of his generation, and Arthur Laffer, who sketched a curve on a cocktail napkin that helped to make tax cuts a staple of conservative economic policy. Others stayed out of the limelight, but left a lasting impact on modern life: Walter Oi, a blind economist who dictated to his wife and assistants some of the calculations that persuaded President Nixon to end military conscription; Alfred Kahn, who deregulated air travel and rejoiced in the crowded cabins on commercial flights as the proof of his success; and Thomas Schelling, who put a dollar value on human life. Their fundamental belief? That government should stop trying to manage the economy.Their guiding principle? That markets would deliver steady growth, and ensure that all Americans shared in the benefits. But the Economists' Hour failed to deliver on its promise of broad prosperity. And the single-minded embrace of markets has come at the expense of economic equality, the health of liberal democracy, and future generations. Timely, engaging and expertly researched, The Economists' Hour is a reckoning -- and a call for people to rewrite the rules of the market. A Wall Street Journal Business BestsellerWinner of the Porchlight Business Book Award in Narrative & Biography |
| chicago minimum wage history: Fast Food Andrew F. Smith, 2016-04-15 The single most influential culinary trend of our time is fast food. It has spawned an industry that has changed eating, the most fundamental of human activities. From the first flipping of burgers in tiny shacks in the western United States to the forging of neon signs that spell out “Pizza Hut” in Cyrillic or Arabic scripts, the fast food industry has exploded into dominance, becoming one of the leading examples of global corporate success. And with this success it has become one of the largest targets of political criticism, blamed for widespread obesity, cultural erasure, oppressive labor practices, and environmental destruction on massive scales. In this book, expert culinary historian Andrew F. Smith explores why the fast food industry has been so successful and examines the myriad ethical lines it has crossed to become so. As he shows, fast food—plain and simple—devised a perfect retail model, one that works everywhere, providing highly flavored calories with speed, economy, and convenience. But there is no such thing as a free lunch, they say, and the costs with fast food have been enormous: an assault on proper nutrition, a minimum-wage labor standard, and a powerful pressure on farmers and ranchers to deploy some of the worst agricultural practices in history. As Smith shows, we have long known about these problems, and the fast food industry for nearly all of its existence has been beset with scathing exposés, boycotts, protests, and government interventions, which it has sometimes met with real changes but more often with token gestures, blame-passing, and an unrelenting gauntlet of lawyers and lobbyists. Fast Food ultimately looks at food as a business, an examination of the industry’s options and those of consumers, and a serious inquiry into what society can do to ameliorate the problems this cheap and tasty product has created. |
| chicago minimum wage history: Report of the Minimum Wage Study Commission: Commission findings and recommendations United States. Minimum Wage Study Commission, 1981 Report of a Commission on social implications, economic implications and political aspects of the minimum wage and overtime requirements of the Fair Labor Standards Act, labour legislation, USA, 1938 - presents research results and recommendations commenting on the impact on employment and unemployment, inflation, minimum wage indexation, income distribution, exemptions, noncompliance, etc. And research papers giving demographic aspects, national level, local level, regional level and sectoral details. Graphs, references and statistical tables., |
| chicago minimum wage history: The Chicago Plan Revisited Mr.Jaromir Benes, Mr.Michael Kumhof, 2012-08-01 At the height of the Great Depression a number of leading U.S. economists advanced a proposal for monetary reform that became known as the Chicago Plan. It envisaged the separation of the monetary and credit functions of the banking system, by requiring 100% reserve backing for deposits. Irving Fisher (1936) claimed the following advantages for this plan: (1) Much better control of a major source of business cycle fluctuations, sudden increases and contractions of bank credit and of the supply of bank-created money. (2) Complete elimination of bank runs. (3) Dramatic reduction of the (net) public debt. (4) Dramatic reduction of private debt, as money creation no longer requires simultaneous debt creation. We study these claims by embedding a comprehensive and carefully calibrated model of the banking system in a DSGE model of the U.S. economy. We find support for all four of Fisher's claims. Furthermore, output gains approach 10 percent, and steady state inflation can drop to zero without posing problems for the conduct of monetary policy. |
| chicago minimum wage history: Vital Minimum Dana Simmons, 2015-07-13 What constitutes a need? Who gets to decide what people do or do not need? In modern France, scientists, both amateur and professional, were engaged in defining and measuring human needs. These scientists did not trust in a providential economy to distribute the fruits of labor and uphold the social order. Rather, they believed that social organization should be actively directed according to scientific principles. They grounded their study of human needs on quantifiable foundations: agricultural and physiological experiments, demographic studies, and statistics. The result was the concept of the vital minimum--the living wage, a measure of physical and social needs. In this book, Dana Simmons traces the history of this concept, revealing the intersections between technologies of measurement, such as calorimeters and social surveys, and technologies of wages and welfare, such as minimum wages, poor aid, and welfare programs. In looking at how we define and measure need, Vital Minimum raises profound questions about the authority of nature and the nature of inequality. |
| chicago minimum wage history: Mayor 1% Kari Lydersen, 2013-10-21 How did a city long dominated by a notorious Democratic Machine become a national battleground in the right-wing war against the public sector? In Mayor 1%, veteran journalist Kari Lydersen takes a close look at Chicago mayor Rahm Emanuel and his true agenda. With deep Wall Street ties from his investment banking years and a combative political style honed in Congress and the Clinton and Obama administrations, Emanuel is among a rising class of rock-star mayors promising to remake American cities. But his private-sector approach has sidelined and alienated many who feel they are not part of Emanuel’s vision for a new Chicago—and it has inspired a powerful group of activists and community members to unite in defense of their beloved city. Kari Lydersen is a Chicago-based journalist, author and journalism instructor who has written for the Washington Post, the New York Times, the Progressive, In These Times, and other publications. She is the author of four books, including The Revolt on Goose Island: The Chicago Factory Takeover and What it Says About the Economic Crisis. She specializes in coverage of labor, energy and the environment. She has taught at Columbia College Chicago and Northwestern University and also works with youth from low-income communities through the program We the People Media. karilydersen dot com. |
| chicago minimum wage history: The American Economic Review , 1919 Includes annual List of doctoral dissertations in political economy in progress in American universities and colleges; and the Hand book of the American Economic Association. |
| chicago minimum wage history: Justice at Work Marc Doussard, Greg Schrock, 2022-05-17 A pathbreaking look at how progressive policy change for economic justice has swept U.S. cities In the 2010s cities and counties across the United States witnessed long-overdue change as they engaged more than ever before with questions of social, economic, and racial justice. After decades of urban economic restructuring that intensified class divides and institutional and systemic racism, dozens of local governments countered the conventional wisdom that cities couldn’t address inequality—enacting progressive labor market policies, from $15 minimum wages to paid sick leave. Justice at Work examines the mutually reinforcing roles of economic and racial justice organizing and policy entrepreneurship in building power and support for policy changes. Bridging urban social movement and urban politics studies, it demonstrates how economic and racial justice coalitions are collectively the critical institution underpinning progressive change. It also shows that urban policy change is driven by “urban policy entrepreneurs” who use public space and the intangible resources of the city to open “agenda windows” for progressive policy proposals incubated through national networks. Through case studies of organizing and policy change efforts in cities including Chicago, Seattle, and New Orleans around minimum wages, targeted hiring, paid time off, fair scheduling, and anti-austerity, Marc Doussard and Greg Schrock show that the contemporary wave of successful progressive organizing efforts is likely to endure. Yet they caution that success is dependent on skillful organizing that builds and sustains power at the grassroots—and skillful policy work inside City Hall. By promoting justice at—and increasingly beyond—work, these movements hold the potential to unlock a new model for inclusive economic development in cities. |
| chicago minimum wage history: Books of 1912- Chicago Public Library, 1913 |
| chicago minimum wage history: Chicago’s Modern Mayors Dick Simpson, Betty O'Shaughnessy, 2024-01-23 Political profiles of five mayors and their lasting impact on the city Chicago’s transformation into a global city began at City Hall. Dick Simpson and Betty O’Shaughnessy edit in-depth analyses of the five mayors that guided the city through this transition beginning with Harold Washington’s 1983 election: Washington, Eugene Sawyer, Richard M. Daley, Rahm Emmanuel, and Lori Lightfoot. Though the respected political science, sociologist, and journalist contributors approach their subjects from distinct perspectives, each essay addresses three essential issues: how and why each mayor won the office; whether the City Council of their time acted as a rubber stamp or independent body; and the ways the unique qualities of each mayor’s administration and accomplishments influenced their legacy. Filled with expert analysis and valuable insights, Chicago’s Modern Mayors illuminates a time of transition and change and considers the politicians who--for better and worse--shaped the Chicago of today. |
| chicago minimum wage history: The 1963 Chicago Bears Charles N. Billington, 2023-12-08 This thorough examination of the 1963 NFL Championship chronicles the trials and triumphs of Chicago's historically most neglected champions against the economic, social, legal and human-interest backdrop of professional football in the 1960s. The Bears and their legendary owner/coach George Halas adjusted to the increased revenue of the television era and the behind-the-scenes drama of a gambling scandal, while developing into one of the greatest teams of the pre-Super Bowl era. Their tumultuous rise and tragic deterioration are covered in detail. |
| chicago minimum wage history: Myth and Measurement David Card, Alan B. Krueger, 2015-12-22 From David Card, winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics, and Alan Krueger, a provocative challenge to conventional wisdom about the minimum wage David Card and Alan B. Krueger have already made national news with their pathbreaking research on the minimum wage. Here they present a powerful new challenge to the conventional view that higher minimum wages reduce jobs for low-wage workers. In a work that has important implications for public policy as well as for the direction of economic research, the authors put standard economic theory to the test, using data from a series of recent episodes, including the 1992 increase in New Jersey's minimum wage, the 1988 rise in California's minimum wage, and the 1990–91 increases in the federal minimum wage. In each case they present a battery of evidence showing that increases in the minimum wage lead to increases in pay, but no loss in jobs. A distinctive feature of Card and Krueger's research is the use of empirical methods borrowed from the natural sciences, including comparisons between the treatment and control groups formed when the minimum wage rises for some workers but not for others. In addition, the authors critically reexamine the previous literature on the minimum wage and find that it, too, lacks support for the claim that a higher minimum wage cuts jobs. Finally, the effects of the minimum wage on family earnings, poverty outcomes, and the stock market valuation of low-wage employers are documented. Overall, this book calls into question the standard model of the labor market that has dominated economists' thinking on the minimum wage. In addition, it will shift the terms of the debate on the minimum wage in Washington and in state legislatures throughout the country. With a new preface discussing new data, Myth and Measurement continues to shift the terms of the debate on the minimum wage. |
| chicago minimum wage history: Books of 1911- Chicago Public Library, 1915 |
| chicago minimum wage history: The Politics of Persuasion Anthony R. DiMaggio, 2017-02-21 Examines how the US media covers high-profile public policy issues in the context of competing claims about media bias. Tracking the effects of media content on the public is a difficult endeavor, and media effects vary on a subject-to-subject basis. To address this challenge, The Politics of Persuasion employs a multifaceted, mixed method approach to studying mass media and public attitudes. Anthony R. DiMaggio analyzes more than a dozen case studies covering US domestic economic policy and examines a wide range of theories of how bias operates in mass media with regard to coverage of these issues. While some research claims that journalists are overly negative and biased against government officials, some reveals that journalists favor citizens groups. Still other studies contend there is a liberal bias in the media, a progovernment bias, or a bias in favor of advertisers and business interests. Through his analysis, DiMaggio is the first to systematically examine all of these competing interpretations. He concludes that reporters tailor stories to corporate and government interests, but argues that the ability to manufacture consent from the public in favor of these elite views is far from guaranteed. According to DiMaggio, citizens often make use of their own personal experiences and prior attitudes to challenge official narratives. |
| chicago minimum wage history: The Poverty of Life-Affirming Work Mechthild Hart, 2001-12-30 While society may applaud middle and upper class women who decide to stay home to raise their children, there exists a decided abhorrence for single mothers, welfare queens, who collect public funds but do not work. Here, Hart challenges traditional notions of welfare mothers by providing first-hand accounts of poor urban mothers and revealing the life-affirming and moral aspects of their motherwork--a form of subsistence work, involving many tasks that incorporate the physical, psychological, emotional, and spiritual dimensions of life. Though the mothering work these women do is vilified in public discourse as unnecessary and unwanted, the author contends that the ethical and epistemological dimensions of life-affirming work--a key component of motherwork--not only structure social-political activism but also educational efforts that are oriented towards radical change. Concrete experiences of motherwork, policy analyses regarding welfare reform, efforts oriented towards educational and epistemological border-crossings, and collective struggles for social change are examined here in a larger theoretical, political-economic framework. Pulling together the many strands of different theoretical fields addressing issues related to critical/transformative pedagogy, community activism, and forms of unpaid work, this unique work calls for the unlearning of ways of thinking and feeling which uphold prejudices and life-threatening social-political hierarchies. While the public may sneer at women who choose to accept welfare in order to stay home to raise their children, these mothers must continue to perform this invisible work in order that their children may break the cycle of poverty in which they are entrenched. The author examines ways in which these mothers organize and carry out educational efforts and political work in the context of extreme poverty and against the harsh criticisms of an unforgiving public. Ultimately, Hart hopes to convince the public of the inherent importance of motherwork and break down the prejudices that have worked against the urban poor and single mothers. |
| chicago minimum wage history: Making Minimum Wage Helen J. Knowles, 2021-08-05 The US Supreme Court’s 1937 decision in West Coast Hotel v. Parrish, upholding the constitutionality of Washington State’s minimum wage law for women, had monumental consequences for all American workers. It also marked a major shift in the Court’s response to President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal agenda. In Making Minimum Wage, Helen J. Knowles tells the human story behind this historic case. West Coast Hotel v. Parrish pitted a Washington State hotel against a chambermaid, Elsie Parrish, who claimed that she was owed the state’s minimum wage. The hotel argued that under the concept of “freedom of contract,” the US Constitution allowed it to pay its female workers whatever low wages they were willing to accept. Knowles unpacks the legal complexities of the case while telling the litigants’ stories. Drawing on archival and private materials, including the unpublished memoir of Elsie’s lawyer, C. B. Conner, Knowles exposes the profound courage and resolve of the former chambermaid. Her book reveals why Elsie—who, in her mid-thirties was already a grandmother—was fired from her job at the Cascadian Hotel in Wenatchee, and why she undertook the outsized risk of suing the hotel for back wages. Minimum wage laws are “not an academic question or even a legal one,” Elinore Morehouse Herrick, the New York director of the National Labor Relations Board, said in 1936. Rather, they are “a human problem.” A pioneering analysis that illuminates the life stories behind West Coast Hotel v. Parrish as well as the case’s impact on local, state, and national levels, Making Minimum Wage vividly demonstrates the fundamental truth of Morehouse Herrick’s statement. |
| chicago minimum wage history: The Fundamentals of Minimum Wage Fixing François Eyraud, Catherine Saget, 2005 This manual draws on the ILO's comprehensive database containing the principal legal provisions and minimum wage fixing mechanisms in 100 countries. The minimum wage has had a long and turbulent history, and this study sheds light on its intricacies by providing a thorough overview of the institutions and practices in different countries. It outlines the main topics for debate concerning the effects of minimum wages on major social and economic variables such as employment, wage inequality, and poverty. The book considers the various procedures countries use for implementation, including the criteria employed to fix the minimum wage, and how they are linked to specific country objectives. It then measures the efficiency of the minimum wage, and focuses on its impact on employment as a major political issue. For the benefit of non-specialists, the validity of econometric models and their results are examined. |
| chicago minimum wage history: America's History, Combined Volume James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, 2011-01-05 America's History helps AP students: Grasp vital themes: The seventh edition emphasizes political culture and political economy to help students understand the ways in which society, culture, politics, and the economy inform one another. Understand periodization: America's History's unique seven-part structure, which organizes history into distinct eras, introduces students to periodization and helps them understand cause and effect, identify historical continuities, and track change over time. Develop the skills they need to succeed: America's History's hallmark analytical narrative and pedagogy help students synthesize what they've learned and interpret history for themselves.--Back cover. |
| chicago minimum wage history: Chicago Haymarket Affair, The: A Guide to a Labor Rights Milestone Joseph Anthony Rulli, 2016 On May 4, 1886, a bomb exploded during a labor demonstration near Haymarket Square. The ensuing gunfire and chaos brought a grisly end to what began as peaceful support for an eight-hour workday and led to the trial and execution of rally organizers. The incident also drew irrevocable attention to a conversation about workers rights and the role of law enforcement that continues today. In this guide to the key moments and sites of one of Chicago's most confusing and chaotic events, author Joseph Anthony Rulli aims to establish a clearer understanding of its historical significance. |
| chicago minimum wage history: Boys and Their Toys Roger Horowitz, 2013-10-18 Negotiating the divide between respectable manhood and rough manhood this book explores masculinity at work and at play through provocative essays on labor unions, railroads, vocational training programs, and NASCAR racing. |
| chicago minimum wage history: Economic Sciences, 1981-1990 Karl-Gran Mler, 1992 Below is a list of the prizewinners during the period 1981 ? 1990 with a description of the works which won them their prizes: (1981) J TOBIN ? for his analysis of financial markets and their relations to expenditure decisions, employment, production and prices; (1982) G J STIGLER ? for his seminal studies of industrial structures, functioning of markets and causes and effects of public regulation; (1983) G DEBREU ? for having incorporated new analytical methods into economic theory and for his rigorous reformulation of the theory of general equilibrium; (1984) R STONE ? for having made fundamental contributions to the development of systems of national accounts and hence greatly improved the basis for empirical economic analysis; (1985) F MODIGLIANI ? for his pioneering analyses of saving and of financial markets; (1986) J BUCHANAN, JR ? for his development of the contractual and constitutional bases for the theory of economic and political decision-making; (1987) R M SOLOW ? for his contributions to the theory of economic growth; (1988) M ALLAIS ? for his pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilization of resources; (1989) T HAAVELMO ? for his clarification of the probability theory foundations of econometrices and his analyses of simultaneous economic structures; (1990) H M MARKOWITZ, M H MILLER & W F SHARPE ? for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics. |
| chicago minimum wage history: Where Economics Went Wrong David Colander, Craig Freedman, 2018-11-27 How modern economics abandoned classical liberalism and lost its way Milton Friedman once predicted that advances in scientific economics would resolve debates about whether raising the minimum wage is good policy. Decades later, Friedman’s prediction has not come true. In Where Economics Went Wrong, David Colander and Craig Freedman argue that it never will. Why? Because economic policy, when done correctly, is an art and a craft. It is not, and cannot be, a science. The authors explain why classical liberal economists understood this essential difference, why modern economists abandoned it, and why now is the time for the profession to return to its classical liberal roots. Carefully distinguishing policy from science and theory, classical liberal economists emphasized values and context, treating economic policy analysis as a moral science where a dialogue of sensibilities and judgments allowed for the same scientific basis to arrive at a variety of policy recommendations. Using the University of Chicago—one of the last bastions of classical liberal economics—as a case study, Colander and Freedman examine how both the MIT and Chicago variants of modern economics eschewed classical liberalism in their attempt to make economic policy analysis a science. By examining the way in which the discipline managed to lose its bearings, the authors delve into such issues as the development of welfare economics in relation to economic science, alternative voices within the Chicago School, and exactly how Friedman got it wrong. Contending that the division between science and prescription needs to be restored, Where Economics Went Wrong makes the case for a more nuanced and self-aware policy analysis by economists. |
| chicago minimum wage history: The Adjunct Underclass Herb Childress, 2019-04-24 Class ends. Students pack up and head back to their dorms. The professor, meanwhile, goes to her car . . . to catch a little sleep, and then eat a cheeseburger in her lap before driving across the city to a different university to teach another, wholly different class. All for a paycheck that, once prep and grading are factored in, barely reaches minimum wage. Welcome to the life of the mind in the gig economy. Over the past few decades, the job of college professor has been utterly transformed—for the worse. America’s colleges and universities were designed to serve students and create knowledge through the teaching, research, and stability that come with the longevity of tenured faculty, but higher education today is dominated by adjuncts. In 1975, only thirty percent of faculty held temporary or part-time positions. By 2011, as universities faced both a decrease in public support and ballooning administrative costs, that number topped fifty percent. Now, some surveys suggest that as many as seventy percent of American professors are working course-to-course, with few benefits, little to no security, and extremely low pay. In The Adjunct Underclass, Herb Childress draws on his own firsthand experience and that of other adjuncts to tell the story of how higher education reached this sorry state. Pinpointing numerous forces within and beyond higher ed that have driven this shift, he shows us the damage wrought by contingency, not only on the adjunct faculty themselves, but also on students, the permanent faculty and administration, and the nation. How can we say that we value higher education when we treat educators like desperate day laborers? Measured but passionate, rooted in facts but sure to shock, The Adjunct Underclass reveals the conflicting values, strangled resources, and competing goals that have fundamentally changed our idea of what college should be. This book is a call to arms for anyone who believes that strong colleges are vital to society. |
| chicago minimum wage history: Busines Research Projects, 1942 United States. Foreign and Domestic Commerce Bureau, 1942 |
| chicago minimum wage history: Trade Unions and the Economy: 1870–2000 Derek H. Aldcroft, Michael J. Oliver, 2017-07-05 What do unions do and why do they do it? Do they seek to maximise profit for their members, or to obtain better working conditions that benefit society as a whole? Derek H. Aldcroft and Michael J. Oliver here provide one of the first sustained studies of the effects of union activities in terms of economic performance and the impact on the business world. From the rise of the British mass trade union movement in the 1870s to the present day, the book examines the main trends in union development and structure, and the core strategies unions have used to achieve their objectives: the use of strikes, work rules and restrictive practices; workers’ attitudes to innovation; the wage bargaining process. Important assessments are made of the influence of these strategies on investment, innovation, economic growth, and the cost of structure and competitiveness of the UK economy. |
| chicago minimum wage history: The Fair Labor Standards Act Ellen C. Kearns, Monica Gallagher, 1999 |
| chicago minimum wage history: Monthly Labor Review , 1937 Publishes in-depth articles on labor subjects, current labor statistics, information about current labor contracts, and book reviews. |
Microsoft PowerPoint - 2024_OLS_MINIMUM-WAGE_FINAL …
Chicago’s Minimum Wage Ordinance sets the minimum wage for employees working within the geographical boundaries of the City. The minimum wage will increase every year on July 1st …
The Effects of the Chicago Minimum Wage Ordinance
The Chicago Minimum Wage Ordinance has been associated with: A 2.5 percent increase in incomes for Chicago workers, a 1.0 percent reduction in working hours, and no impact on …
KNOW - 44th Ward
How the Minimum Wage Increase Works: Chicago will raise its minimum wage in the following stages: • July 1, 2015, to $10 per hour • July 1, 2016, to $10.50 per hour • July 1, 2017, to $11 …
SETS MINIMUM WAGE IN CHICAGO (MCC 6 -105)
All Domestic Workers must receive at least the $15.40 minimum wage. If the tipped wage plus tips does not equal the minimum wage, the Employer must make up the difference. REQUIRES …
13-Jan-14 State Minimum Wage Rates, 1983-2014
United States Alabama 2014
Minimum Wage Rates
“Hourly Minimum Wage Rates by Year.” Right to Privacy in the Workplace Act - Legal Division, www2.illinois.gov/idol/Laws-Rules/FLS/Pages/minimum-wage-rates-by ...
City of Chicago
minimum wage to $13.00 per hour, phased in over five years, will increase earnings for 36 percent of Chicago workers, boost the local economy by more than $860 million, and lift roughly …
Understanding Illinois’ Minimum Wage Law and other Wage …
minimum wage for employees 18 or older. • If the employee has not worked more than 650 hours for the employer during any calendar year, the following minimum wages apply: • January 1, …
The Effects of the Chicago Minimum Wage Ordinance
On December 2, 2014, the Chicago City Council voted 44 to 5 in favor of gradually raising the minimum wage to $13.00 per hour in the city to increase earnings for 410,000 Chicago workers.
Raising the Minimum Wage to $15 in Chicago by 2021
Chicago is considering increasing its minimum wage to $15 per hour by 2021, four years earlier than the rest of Illinois. Polls suggest that four-in-five Chicago residents support a $15 …
Chicago Minimum Wage FAQs
Chicago’s Minimum Wage and Paid Sick Leave Ordinance guarantees a minimum wage for many Employees that work more than 2 hours in any 2 week period in Chicago for an Employer with …
CHICAGO OFFICE OF LABOR STANDARDS - City of Chicago
All Domestic Workers must receive at least the $15.80 minimum wage. If the tipped wage plus tips does not equal the minimum wage, the Employer must make up the difference. Call the …
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE CONTACT: Mayor’s - City of Chicago
The minimum wage for small businesses continues to increase towards $15 per hour by 2023. The minimum wage as of July 1, 2022 will be: • $15.40 for employers with 21 or more …
FOR November IMMEDIATE - City of Chicago
CHICAGO—Mayor Lori E. Lightfoot and the Chicago City Council today passed an ordinance to raise the minimum wage in Chicago to $15 per hour by 2021. The ordinance will increase the …
CONTACT: Mayor’s Press Office - City of Chicago
Every July 1, Chicago’s minimum wage increases per the Minimum Wage Ordinance. The Chicago minimum wage is tiered for large businesses with 21 or more employees, and small …
How much did the minimum wage drive real wage growth …
We find that minimum wage hikes led to, on average, an additional 0.5 to 0.6 percentage points per year in real hourly wage growth for workers at the bottom quartile of the wage distribution …
City of Chicago Tipped Worker Report - ler.illinois.edu
Sep 18, 2023 · 3 As of July 1, 2022, when survey data was collected, the minimum wage in Chicago was:: $15.40 per hour for Employers with 21 or more Employees ($9.24 per hour for …
CHICAGO OFFICE OF LABOR STANDARDS - RUN Labor Law …
All Domestic Workers must receive at least the $16.20 minimum wage. If the tipped wage plus tips does not equal the minimum wage, the Employer must make up the difference.
History of Federal Minimum Wage Rates Under the Fair Labor …
5 A subminimum wage --$4.25 an hour is established for employees under 20 years of age during their first 90 consecutive calendar days of employment with an employer.
Minimum Wage Rates - Illinois
$8.25 1/1/2015 $8.25 1/1/2016 $8.25 1/1/2017 $8.25 1/1/2018 $8.25 1/1/2019 $9.25 1/1/2020 $10.00 7/1/2020 $11.00 1/1/2021 $12.00 1/1/2022 $13.00 1/1/2023
Microsoft PowerPoint - 2024_OLS_MINIMUM-WAGE_FINAL …
Chicago’s Minimum Wage Ordinance sets the minimum wage for employees working within the geographical boundaries of the City. The minimum wage will increase every year on July 1st …
The Effects of the Chicago Minimum Wage Ordinance
The Chicago Minimum Wage Ordinance has been associated with: A 2.5 percent increase in incomes for Chicago workers, a 1.0 percent reduction in working hours, and no impact on …
KNOW - 44th Ward
How the Minimum Wage Increase Works: Chicago will raise its minimum wage in the following stages: • July 1, 2015, to $10 per hour • July 1, 2016, to $10.50 per hour • July 1, 2017, to $11 …
SETS MINIMUM WAGE IN CHICAGO (MCC 6 -105)
All Domestic Workers must receive at least the $15.40 minimum wage. If the tipped wage plus tips does not equal the minimum wage, the Employer must make up the difference. REQUIRES …
13-Jan-14 State Minimum Wage Rates, 1983-2014
United States Alabama 2014
Minimum Wage Rates
“Hourly Minimum Wage Rates by Year.” Right to Privacy in the Workplace Act - Legal Division, www2.illinois.gov/idol/Laws-Rules/FLS/Pages/minimum-wage-rates-by ...
City of Chicago
minimum wage to $13.00 per hour, phased in over five years, will increase earnings for 36 percent of Chicago workers, boost the local economy by more than $860 million, and lift roughly 70,000 …
Understanding Illinois’ Minimum Wage Law and other Wage …
minimum wage for employees 18 or older. • If the employee has not worked more than 650 hours for the employer during any calendar year, the following minimum wages apply: • January 1, …
The Effects of the Chicago Minimum Wage Ordinance
On December 2, 2014, the Chicago City Council voted 44 to 5 in favor of gradually raising the minimum wage to $13.00 per hour in the city to increase earnings for 410,000 Chicago workers.
Raising the Minimum Wage to $15 in Chicago by 2021
Chicago is considering increasing its minimum wage to $15 per hour by 2021, four years earlier than the rest of Illinois. Polls suggest that four-in-five Chicago residents support a $15 minimum …
Chicago Minimum Wage FAQs
Chicago’s Minimum Wage and Paid Sick Leave Ordinance guarantees a minimum wage for many Employees that work more than 2 hours in any 2 week period in Chicago for an Employer with …
CHICAGO OFFICE OF LABOR STANDARDS - City of Chicago
All Domestic Workers must receive at least the $15.80 minimum wage. If the tipped wage plus tips does not equal the minimum wage, the Employer must make up the difference. Call the …
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE CONTACT: Mayor’s - City of Chicago
The minimum wage for small businesses continues to increase towards $15 per hour by 2023. The minimum wage as of July 1, 2022 will be: • $15.40 for employers with 21 or more …
FOR November IMMEDIATE - City of Chicago
CHICAGO—Mayor Lori E. Lightfoot and the Chicago City Council today passed an ordinance to raise the minimum wage in Chicago to $15 per hour by 2021. The ordinance will increase the …
CONTACT: Mayor’s Press Office - City of Chicago
Every July 1, Chicago’s minimum wage increases per the Minimum Wage Ordinance. The Chicago minimum wage is tiered for large businesses with 21 or more employees, and small …
How much did the minimum wage drive real wage growth …
We find that minimum wage hikes led to, on average, an additional 0.5 to 0.6 percentage points per year in real hourly wage growth for workers at the bottom quartile of the wage distribution …
City of Chicago Tipped Worker Report - ler.illinois.edu
Sep 18, 2023 · 3 As of July 1, 2022, when survey data was collected, the minimum wage in Chicago was:: $15.40 per hour for Employers with 21 or more Employees ($9.24 per hour for …
CHICAGO OFFICE OF LABOR STANDARDS - RUN Labor Law …
All Domestic Workers must receive at least the $16.20 minimum wage. If the tipped wage plus tips does not equal the minimum wage, the Employer must make up the difference.
History of Federal Minimum Wage Rates Under the Fair …
5 A subminimum wage --$4.25 an hour is established for employees under 20 years of age during their first 90 consecutive calendar days of employment with an employer.
