| black history in cleveland ohio: Cleveland, Ohio Regina Williams, 2002 Featuring over 200 striking photographs from the 1920s through 1980, Black America: Cleveland, Ohio celebrates the rich history of this great city's African-American community. Its neighborhoods, churches, civil, religious, business and cultural leaders, musical icons, and sports heroes are all brought to life here through the archives of local newspapers and historical societies, as well as the private collections of many Cleveland residents. |
| black history in cleveland ohio: African Americans and the Color Line in Ohio, 1915-1930 William Wayne Giffin, 2005 A study of African Americans in Ohio-notably, Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati. Giffin argues that the color line in Ohio hardened as the Great Migration gained force. His data shows, too, that the color line varied according to urban area, hardening progressively as one traveled South in the state. |
| black history in cleveland ohio: Through the Lens of Allen E. Cole Samuel W. Black, Regennia N. Williams, 2012 Chronicles the life and career of Allen E. Cole, an African American photographer from Cleveland, Ohio using his photographs of African Americans throughout Cleveland. |
| black history in cleveland ohio: Surrogate Suburbs Todd M. Michney, 2017-02-08 The story of white flight and the neglect of Black urban neighborhoods has been well told by urban historians in recent decades. Yet much of this scholarship has downplayed Black agency and tended to portray African Americans as victims of structural forces beyond their control. In this history of Cleveland's Black middle class, Todd Michney uncovers the creative ways that members of this nascent community established footholds in areas outside the overcrowded, inner-city neighborhoods to which most African Americans were consigned. In asserting their right to these outer-city spaces, African Americans appealed to city officials, allied with politically progressive whites (notably Jewish activists), and relied upon both Black and white developers and real estate agents to expand these surrogate suburbs and maintain their livability until the bona fide suburbs became more accessible. By tracking the trajectories of those who, in spite of racism, were able to succeed, Michney offers a valuable counterweight to histories that have focused on racial conflict and Black poverty and tells the neglected story of the Black middle class in America's cities prior to the 1960s. |
| black history in cleveland ohio: Places of Their Own Andrew Wiese, 2009-04-24 On Melbenan Drive just west of Atlanta, sunlight falls onto a long row of well-kept lawns. Two dozen homes line the street; behind them wooden decks and living-room windows open onto vast woodland properties. Residents returning from their jobs steer SUVs into long driveways and emerge from their automobiles. They walk to the front doors of their houses past sculptured bushes and flowers in bloom. For most people, this cozy image of suburbia does not immediately evoke images of African Americans. But as this pioneering work demonstrates, the suburbs have provided a home to black residents in increasing numbers for the past hundred years—in the last two decades alone, the numbers have nearly doubled to just under twelve million. Places of Their Own begins a hundred years ago, painting an austere portrait of the conditions that early black residents found in isolated, poor suburbs. Andrew Wiese insists, however, that they moved there by choice, withstanding racism and poverty through efforts to shape the landscape to their own needs. Turning then to the 1950s, Wiese illuminates key differences between black suburbanization in the North and South. He considers how African Americans in the South bargained for separate areas where they could develop their own neighborhoods, while many of their northern counterparts transgressed racial boundaries, settling in historically white communities. Ultimately, Wiese explores how the civil rights movement emboldened black families to purchase homes in the suburbs with increased vigor, and how the passage of civil rights legislation helped pave the way for today's black middle class. Tracing the precise contours of black migration to the suburbs over the course of the whole last century and across the entire United States, Places of Their Own will be a foundational book for anyone interested in the African American experience or the role of race and class in the making of America's suburbs. Winner of the 2005 John G. Cawelti Book Award from the American Culture Association. Winner of the 2005 Award for Best Book in North American Urban History from the Urban History Association. |
| black history in cleveland ohio: Cleveland William Ganson Rose, 1990 Traces the history of the Ohio city from its days as a frontier settlement, through the coming of industrialization, to 1950. |
| black history in cleveland ohio: A Ghetto Takes Shape Kenneth L. Kusmer, 1976 In 1865, the Cleveland Leader boasted that ''an indication of the civilized spirit of the city of Cleveland is found in the fact that colored children attend our schools, colored people are permitted to attend all public lectures and public affairs where the fashion and culture of the city congregate, and nobody is offended.'' Yet, by 1915, the Central Avenue district of town, with its cheap lodging houses, deteriorating homes, and vice, housed a majority of the black population under conditions that were decidedly inferior to those of most of the rest of the city. Tracing the development of Cleveland's black community from its antebellum beginnings to the end of the 1920s, Kenneth Kusmer systematically surveys and analyzes the emergence of the ghetto in the city where, prior to 1870, blacks were ''almost equal'' to whites. This volume deals in a comprehensive way with more aspects of black life - economic, political, social, and cultural - than any previous study of an urban community and presents the most detailed analysis of black occupations available. It is also the first work to make extensive use of manuscript collections of local black leaders and organizations. Of particular value is the comparative framework of the study. Kusmer compares the position of blacks in the social order with that of immigrants and native whites and places the development of the ghetto within the context of urban history. In addition, by contrasting Cleveland with other major cities, such as New York, Chicago, and Boston, Kusmer shows that there were important differences among black communities, especially before 1915, and proves that the causes and effects of the emergence of black ghettos are more complex historical problems than previously recognized. The consolidation of Cleveland's ghetto took over fifty years, and it left the average black citizen more isolated from the general life of the urban community than ever before. Yet, ironically, Kusmer concludes, it was this very isolation, and the sense of unique goals and needs that it fostered, that helped unify the black citizenry and provided the practical basis for the future struggle against racism in all its manifestations.''Kenneth L. Kusmer has written the best book yet on the formation of a black urban ghetto. It stands as a tribute to the blend of urban and Afro-American history.''--Howard P. Chudacoff, American Historical Review ''What makes Kusmer stand out among books on blacks in the urban North is the breadth and sophistication with which he conceptualizes his study. . . . The grace and intelligence of Kusmer make his book the single best study of the shaping of modern black ghettos. . . . Should be greeted warmly by historians of blacks and of urban America.''--Nancy Weiss, Reviews in American History ''Drawing upon a variety of statistical and literary primary sources . . . Kusmer presents a richly documented case study. His felicitously lucid and comprehensive analysis of the growth of one black ghetto promises to provide a model for future historians of the second major chapter in the Afro-American experience. In my view, Kusmer's multifaceted historical analysis of black Cleveland represents the finest case study of an urban black community to appear in the past decade.''--Marion Kilson, Journal of Interdisciplinary History ''Instead of fixing upon the pathological aspects of the ghetto or the racial discriminations of the white majority he finds his unifying theme in the leadership and decision0making within the black community. This is a richly detailed and thoughtfully constructed book.''--Louis R. Harlan, Journal of American History |
| black history in cleveland ohio: In the Language of My Captor Shane McCrae, 2016-01-17 Winner of the Lannan Literary Award for Poetry (2017) Acclaimed poet Shane McCrae's latest collection is a book about freedom told through stories of captivity. Historical persona poems and a prose memoir at the center of the book address the illusory freedom of both black and white Americans. In the book's three sequences, McCrae explores the role mass entertainment plays in oppression, he confronts the myth that freedom can be based upon the power to dominate others, and, in poems about the mixed-race child adopted by Jefferson Davis in the last year of the Civil War, he interrogates the infrequently examined connections between racism and love. A reader's companion is available at wesleyan.edu/wespress/readerscompanions. |
| black history in cleveland ohio: Carl B. Stokes and the Rise of Black Political Power Leonard N. Moore, 2003 As the first elected black mayor of a major U.S. city, Cleveland's Carl B. Stokes embodied the transformation of the civil rights movement from a vehicle of protest to one of black political power. In this wide-ranging political biography, Leonard N. Moore examines the convictions and alliances that brought Stokes to power. Impelled by the problems plaguing Cleveland's ghettos in the decades following World War II, Stokes and other Clevelanders questioned how the sit-ins and marches of the civil rights movement could correct the exclusionary zoning practices, police brutality, substandard housing, and de facto school segregation that African Americans in the country's northern urban centers viewed as evidence of their oppression. As civil unrest in the country's ghettos turned to violence in the 1960s, Cleveland was one of the first cities to heed the call of Malcolm X's infamous The Ballot or the Bullet speech. Understanding the importance of controlling the city's political system, Cleveland's blacks utilized their substantial voting base to put Stokes in office in 1967. Stokes was committed to showing the country that an African American could be an effective political leader. He employed an ambitious and radically progressive agenda to clean up Cleveland's ghettos, reform law enforcement, move public housing to middle-class neighborhoods, and jump-start black economic power. Hindered by resistance from the black middle class and the Cleveland City Council, spurned by the media and fellow politicians who deemed him a black nationalist, and unable to prove that black leadership could thwart black unrest, Stokes finished his four years in office with many of his legislative goals unfulfilled. Focusing on Stokes and Cleveland, but attending to themes that affected many urban centers after the second great migration of African Americans to the North, Moore balances Stokes's failures and successes to provide a thorough and engaging portrait of his life and his pioneering contributions to a distinct African American political culture that continues to shape American life. |
| black history in cleveland ohio: Making Black History Jeffrey Aaron Snyder, 2018 Making Black History focuses on the engine behind the early black history movement in the Jim Crow era, Carter G. Woodson and his Association for the Study of Negro Life and History-- |
| black history in cleveland ohio: Deromanticizing Black History Clarence Earl Walker, 1991 Walker (history, U. of California, Davis) challenges the revisionist views of black people put forth in the 1960's and 1970's, claiming that they were revolutionary and necessary at the time, but have now petrified into dogma that impedes further study. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR |
| black history in cleveland ohio: Cleveland's Gospel Music Frederick Burton, 2003 Cleveland's Gospel Music documents the history of black gospel music from the 1920s through the 1980s. The gospel quartet groups, radio announcers, solo artists, and promoters established Cleveland as the gospel singers' metropolitan hub. An integral part of Cleveland's history and its rich African-American community, gospel singers didn't sing for money or fame, but sang to the glory of God, often beyond the point of exhaustion. This work is a celebration of the past praises of those who sang tirelessly for some 60 years. |
| black history in cleveland ohio: Good Kids, Bad City Kyle Swenson, 2019-02-12 From award-winning investigative journalist Kyle Swenson, Good Kids, Bad City is the true story of the longest wrongful imprisonment in the United States to end in exoneration, and a critical social and political history of Cleveland, the city that convicted them. In the early 1970s, three African-American men—Wiley Bridgeman, Kwame Ajamu, and Rickey Jackson—were accused and convicted of the brutal robbery and murder of a man outside of a convenience store in Cleveland, Ohio. The prosecution’s case, which resulted in a combined 106 years in prison for the three men, rested on the more-than-questionable testimony of a pre-teen, Ed Vernon. The actual murderer was never found. Almost four decades later, Vernon recanted his testimony, and Wiley, Kwame, and Rickey were released. But while their exoneration may have ended one of American history’s most disgraceful miscarriages of justice, the corruption and decay of the city responsible for their imprisonment remain on trial. Interweaving the dramatic details of the case with Cleveland’s history—one that, to this day, is fraught with systemic discrimination and racial tension—Swenson reveals how this outrage occurred and why. Good Kids, Bad City is a work of astonishing empathy and insight: an immersive exploration of race in America, the struggling Midwest, and how lost lives can be recovered. |
| black history in cleveland ohio: The Black History Bowl: Mini Biographies of African Americans Cadmus S. Hull, 2018-12-07 When I spoke at book signings for my first book, I found that people, in general, knew very little about many of the African Americans that I had on the display board. Thus, this second book in The Black History Bowl series was written to make people aware of the contributions that African Americans have made to American and World history. The African American history quiz that is included in the book is divided into eight (8) sections. Each section begins with a worksheet. The worksheet is followed by short biographies of the African American history contributors. There is an answer sheet at the end of each section. In addition, note sheets have been included with each biography for you to use to take notes when researching and gathering information. Additional information on each African American can be found on the web site that is listed at the bottom of the page after the biography. Also, included in this book is information on some points of interest that I think are important to the knowledge base of the average American. The information includes the African American holiday of Kwanzaa, the NAACP's Spingarn Medal, and information on Juneteenth (the actual day when all slaves were freed). In addition, this book includes a section for Women's History Month which highlights African American women from my first book. A timeline of African American history is also included. It is hoped that you will enjoy reading the book as you continue to enrich your knowledge of the contributions that African Americans have made to history. Dr. C. Sam Hull earned an Associate Degree in Education from Cumberland County College and further pursued his academic corridor to Glassboro State College (GSC), now Rowan University. Glassboro State College would continue Sam's educational tour leading to both a Bachelor's Degree and a Master's Degree. Armed with a Bachelor's in Elementary Education and Master's in Student Personnel Services and School Administration, Sam's educational path led him to Nova University where he achieved his ultimate goal of a Doctorate in School Leadership. Dr. Hull's achievements as an educational leader have been well documented through numerous contributions to the education field. Currently, Dr. Hull is a member of the New Jersey Association of School Administrators and Cumberland County Principals and Supervisors Association. Fairfield Board of Education enjoyed the fruits of this dedicated and committed educator for twenty-nine years. Dr. Hull retired June 30, 2004, after 33 years in education. A little known black history fact is that Dr. Hull was Cumberland County's first black Superintendent of Schools. Dr. Hull enjoys writing books, reading, and traveling. In addition, Dr. Hull keeps busy by serving as a Clinical Teaching Supervisor for Fairleigh Dickinson University and Grand Canyon University, serving on the Cumberland County College Foundation Board and as the Managing Member of his family-owned tutoring program for children in kindergarten through eighth grade. |
| black history in cleveland ohio: Narrative of the Sufferings of Lewis Clarke Lewis Clarke, 2015-07-23 Lewis George Clarke published the story of his life as a slave in 1845, after he had escaped from Kentucky and become a well-regarded abolitionist lecturer throughout the North. His book was the first work by a slave to be acquired by the Library of Congress and copyrighted. During the 1840s he lived in the Cambridge, Massachusetts, home of Aaron and Mary Safford, where he encountered Mary's stepsister, Harriet Beecher Stowe, along with Frederick Douglass, Lewis Tappan, Gerrit Smith, Josiah Henson, John Brown, Lydia Child, and Martin Delaney. His experiences are evident in Uncle Tom's Cabin, published in 1852, and Stowe identified him as the prototype for the book's rebellious character George Harris. This facsimile edition of Clarke's book is introduced by his great grandson, Carver Clark Gayton, who has served as director of Affirmative Action Programs at the University of Washington; corporate director of educational relations and training for the Boeing Company; lecturer at the Evans School of Public Administration, University of Washington; and executive director of the Northwest African American Museum. He lives in Seattle. A V Ethel Willis White Book |
| black history in cleveland ohio: Black History Mike Henry, 2013 Over the years, history has become the forgotten child of the academic household. Only recently has it been brought to our attention that our students don't know even basic American history. In June 2011, results from the National Assessment of Educational Progress showed that U.S. students were less proficient in American history than any other subject. Teachers need to make learning American history fun and stop teaching to the test. Some of the most interesting people and events of the past are often bypassed in the classroom. This includes a large number of African-Americans who helped build this country. Black History: More than Just a Month pays tribute to these forgotten individuals and their accomplishments. There are many individuals who have changed our history and, even if they don't make it onto the state test, their accomplishments deserve attention. Some of the people included are war heroes, inventors, celebrities, and athletes. This book is great for history buffs and will be a good supplement to any history class. Book jacket. |
| black history in cleveland ohio: The Fortney Encyclical Black History Albert Fortney Jr., 2016-01-15 The Encyclical Black History has been created for the critical and lack of vital Afro-Centric Multi-Curriculum text in urban school systems and is a necessity for African Americans. This book was created with careful and serious attention to biographical names that identifies history, culture as well as biblical characters. The reason why of this encyclical history can be explained with the facts and proof/evidence of the following. The point that has socio-psychological implications at the unconscious as well as the conscious level is the great little white racist lie, seen long enough, becomes the truth; like, portraying a white Jesus Christ who was a black man. Dr. Alvin Poussaint, a Black psychiatrist associated with Harvard University and others have observed and explained the most tragic part of all of this is that the African American has come to form his self image and self-concept on the basis of what white racists have laid down as a guide or prescribed. Therefore, black men and women learn quickly to hate themselves and each other more than their white oppressor. There is almost infinite evidence that racism has left almost irreparable scars on the psyche of Afro-Americans that burden with an unrelenting, painful anxiety that drives the psyche to reach out for a sense of identity and self-esteem. Poussaint and others say that black children, especially learn to hate themselves at very early ages. Studies reveal their preference for white dolls over black ones. One study reported that black children in their drawings tend to show blacks as small, incomplete people and whites as strong and powerful. To conclude, in western color symbolism white is positive and black negative. Many people might ask why the contributions of Africa should be included in American curriculum? Is because they bleach and still rob black history and culture with black pictured as white that lie, leaves us mentally-dead, angry, and without purpose, of where we are going! Human culture is the product of all humanity, not the possession of a single racial or ethnic group. Afro-centric Multicultural educations major aim is to close the gap between Western ideals of equality, justice and practices that contradict these ideas. Stereotype people of color and people who are poor have just about no opportunities to become free of perspectives that are monoculture, that devalue African culture victimize them mostly having an inability to fully, function effectively in society. Many of these problems could be miraculously remedied with astonishing results if explained of black scientific achievements, which occurred in black Africa. There are also white African Americans living in the U.S.A. besides black African Americans, should make the distinction. Carl Sandburg (1979) related a dialogue between a white American and an American Indian which illustrates the need for multicultural education: The white man drew a small circle in the sand and told the red man, This is what the Indian knows, and drawing a big circle around the small one, this is what is what the white man knows. The Indian then took the stick and swept an immensely big ring around both circles and said, this is where the white man and the red man knows nothing. |
| black history in cleveland ohio: The Early Black History Movement, Carter G. Woodson, and Lorenzo Johnston Greene Pero Gaglo Dagbovie, 2007 The men who launched and shaped black studies This book examines the lives, work, and contributions of two of the most important figures of the early black history movement, Carter G. Woodson and Lorenzo Johnston Greene. Drawing on the two men's personal papers as well as the materials of the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History (ASNLH), Pero Gaglo Dagbovie probes the struggles, sacrifices, and achievements of these black history pioneers. The book offers the first major examination of Greene's life. Equally important, it also addresses a variety of issues pertaining to Woodson that other scholars have either overlooked or ignored, including his image in popular and scholarly writings and memory, the democratic approach of the ASNLH, and the pivotal role of women in the association. |
| black history in cleveland ohio: Picturing Black History Daniela Edmeier, Damarius Johnson, Nicholas B. Breyfogle, Steven Conn, 2024-11-12 A groundbreaking collection of photographs and essays that shed new light on the history of Black America, from the Picturing Black History project. “An astonishing work. —Henry Louis Gates, Jr. Picturing Black History uncovers untold stories and rarely seen images of the Black experience, providing new context around culturally significant moments. This beautiful collectible volume makes a thoughtful gift and is full of rousing, vibrant essays paired with rarely seen photographs that expand our understanding of Black history. The book is a collaborative effort between Getty Images, Origins: Current Events in Historical Perspective, and the History departments at The Ohio State and Miami Universities. It informs, educates, and inspires our current moment by exploring the past, blending the breadth and depth of Getty Images’s archives with the renowned expertise of Origins contributors and The Ohio State’s and Miami’s History departments, including Daniela Edmeier, Damarius Johnson, Nicholas Breyfogle, and Steve Conn. Created by a growing collective of professional historians, art historians, Black Studies scholars, and photographers and showcasing Getty Images’s unmatched collection of photographs, Picturing Black History embraces the power of visual storytelling to relay little-known stories of oppression and resistance, perseverance and resilience, freedom, dreams, imagination, and joy within the United States and around the world. In collecting these new photographic essays, this book furthers an ongoing dialogue on the significance of Black history and Black life, sharing new perspectives on the current status of prejudice and discrimination bias with a wider audience. Picturing Black History uses the latest academic learning and scholarship to recontextualize and dispel prejudices, while uncovering, digitizing, and preserving new archival materials to amplify a more inclusive visual landscape. Picturing Black History offers a trove of both famous and unseen photos with brief, poignant accompanying essays to show not only the centrality of Black people to American history but also how African Americans used the photographer’s lens to tell their own stories. The editors, authors, and Getty images have created a beautiful book that stands on its own as a work of art, a veritable museum in print.” —Henry Louis Gates, Jr., Alphonse Fletcher University Professor, Harvard University |
| black history in cleveland ohio: Early History of Cleveland, Ohio Charles Whittlesey, 1867 |
| black history in cleveland ohio: Comrades Judson L. Jeffries, 2007 Examining the grassroots activities of the Black Panther Party in Baltimore, Winston-Salem, Cleveland, Indianapolis, Milwaukee, Philadelphia, and Los Angeles, Comrades reveals how these local organizations were committed to programs of community activism that focused on problems of social, political, and economic justice. |
| black history in cleveland ohio: Lessons of Black History Makers 'N' Action - The Dared...The Driven , |
| black history in cleveland ohio: The Bahá’í Faith and African American History Loni Bramson, 2021-09-09 This book examines the intersection of African American history with that of the Bahá’í Faith in the United States. Since the turn of the twentieth century, Bahá’ís in America have actively worked to establish interracial harmony within its own ranks and to contribute to social justice in the wider community, becoming in the process one of the country’s most diverse religious bodies. Spanning from the start of the twentieth century to the early twenty-first, the essays in this volume examine aspects of the phenomenon of this religion confronting America’s original sin of racism and the significant roles African Americans came to play in the development of the Bahá’í Faith’s culture, identity, administrative structures, and aspirations. |
| black history in cleveland ohio: Democratizing Cleveland Randy Cunningham, 2018-06-26 Democratizing Cleveland: The Rise and Fall of Community Organizing in Cleveland, Ohio, 1975-1985 is the result of almost fifteen years of research on a topic that has been missing from local works on Cleveland history: the community organizing movement that put neighborhood concerns and neighborhood voices front and center in the setting of public policies in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Originally published in 2007 by Arambala Press, this important work is being reprinted by Belt Publishing for a new generation of activists, planners, urbanists, and organizers. |
| black history in cleveland ohio: The Bicentennial of the United States of America American Revolution Bicentennial Administration, 1977 |
| black history in cleveland ohio: The Mountaintop Katori Hall, 2024-02-22 The Mountaintop is published here as a Methuen Drama Student Edition, featuring notes and commentary by Harvey Young, Dean of the College of Fine Arts, Boston University, USA. The introduction offers a discussion of key themes including race, identity, politics, magical realism, one-act plays, historical figures and martyrs. The night before his assassination, Martin Luther King, Jr. retires to room 306 in the now-famous Lorraine Motel after giving an acclaimed speech to a massive church congregation. When a mysterious young maid visits him to deliver a cup of coffee, King is forced to confront his past and the future of his people. Portraying rhetoric, hope and ideals of social change, The Mountaintop also explores being human in the face of inevitable death. The play is a dramatic feat of daring originality, historical narration and triumphant compassion. |
| black history in cleveland ohio: Property Rites Elizabeth M. Smith-Pryor, 2009-04-30 In 1925 Leonard Rhinelander, the youngest son of a wealthy New York society family, sued to end his marriage to Alice Jones, a former domestic servant and the daughter of a colored cabman. After being married only one month, Rhinelander pressed for the dissolution of his marriage on the grounds that his wife had lied to him about her racial background. The subsequent marital annulment trial became a massive public spectacle, not only in New York but across the nation--despite the fact that the state had never outlawed interracial marriage. Elizabeth Smith-Pryor makes extensive use of trial transcripts, in addition to contemporary newspaper coverage and archival sources, to explore why Leonard Rhinelander was allowed his day in court. She moves fluidly between legal history, a day-by-day narrative of the trial itself, and analyses of the trial's place in the culture of the 1920s North to show how notions of race, property, and the law were--and are--inextricably intertwined. |
| black history in cleveland ohio: AFRICOBRA Wadsworth A. Jarrell, 2020-05-08 Formed on the South Side of Chicago in 1968 at the height of the civil rights, Black power, and Black arts movements, the AFRICOBRA collective created a new artistic visual language rooted in the culture of Chicago's Black neighborhoods. The collective's aesthetics, especially the use of vibrant color, capture the rhythmic dynamism of Black culture and social life. In AFRICOBRA, painter, photographer, and collective cofounder Wadsworth A. Jarrell tells the definitive story of the group's creation, history, and artistic and political principles. From accounts of the painting of the groundbreaking Wall of Respect mural and conversations among group members to documentation of AFRICOBRA's exhibits in Chicago, New York, and Boston, Jarrell outlines how the collective challenged white conceptions of art by developing an artistic philosophy and approach wholly divested of Western practices. Featuring nearly one hundred color images of artworks, exhibition ephemera, and photographs, this book is at once a sourcebook history of AFRICOBRA and the story of visionary artists who rejected the white art establishment in order to create uplifting art for all Black people. |
| black history in cleveland ohio: African-American Mayors David R. Colburn, Jeffrey S. Adler, 2001 On November 7, 1967, the voters of Cleveland, Ohio, and Gary, Indiana, elected the nation's first African-American mayors to govern their cities. Ten years later more than two hundred black mayors held office, and by 1993 sixty-seven major urban centers, most with majority-white populations, were headed by African Americans.Once in office, African-American mayors faced vexing challenges. In large and small cities from the Sunbelt to the Rustbelt, black mayors assumed office during economic downturns and confronted the intractable problems of decaying inner cities, white flight, a dwindling tax base, violent crime, and diminishing federal support for social programs. Many encountered hostility from their own parties, city councils, and police departments; others worked against long-established power structures dominated by local business owners or politicians. Still others, while trying to respond to multiple demands from a diverse constituency, were viewed as traitors by blacks expecting special attention from a leader of their own race. All struggled with the contradictory mandate of meeting the increasing needs of poor inner-city residents while keeping white businesses from fleeing to the suburbs.This is the first comprehensive treatment of the complex phenomenon of African-American mayors in the nation's major urban centers. Offering a diverse portrait of leadership, conflict, and almost insurmountable obstacles, this volume assesses the political alliances that brought black mayors to office as well as their accomplishments--notably, increased minority hiring and funding for minority businesses--and the challenges that marked their careers. Mayors profiled include Carl B. Stokes (Cleveland), Richard G. Hatcher (Gary), Dutch Morial (New Orleans), Harold Washington (Chicago), Tom Bradley (Los Angeles), Marion Barry (Washington, D.C.), David Dinkins (New York City), Coleman Young (Detroit), and a succession of black mayors in Atlanta (Maynard Jackson, Andrew Young, and Bill Campbell).Probing the elusive economic dimension of black power, African-American Mayors demonstrates how the same circumstances that set the stage for the victories of black mayors exaggerated the obstacles they faced. |
| black history in cleveland ohio: Living Black History Manning Marable, 2006-01-03 Are the stars of the Civil Rights firmament yesterday's news? In Living Black History scholar and activist Manning Marable offers a resounding No! with a fresh and personal look at the enduring legacy of such well-known figures as Malcolm X, Martin Luther King, Jr., Medgar Evers and W.E.B. Du Bois. Marable creates a living history that brings the past alive for a generation he sees as having historical amnesia. His activist passion and scholarly memory bring immediacy to the tribulations and triumphs of yesterday and reveal that history is something that happens everyday. Living Black History dismisses the detachment of the codified version of American history that we all grew up with. Marable's holistic understanding of history counts the story of the slave as much as that of the master; he highlights the flesh-and-blood courage of those figures who have been robbed of their visceral humanity as members of the historical cannon. As people comprehend this dynamic portrayal of history they will begin to understand that each day we-the average citizen-are makers of our own American history. Living Black History will empower readers with knowledge of their collective past and a greater understanding of their part in forming our future. |
| black history in cleveland ohio: Black History In An Hour Rupert Colley, 2010-09-29 Black History In An Hour cannot, by definition, be comprehensive. However, this book will provide an introduction to the powerful and dramatic history that is loosely termed 'Black History'. The study of Black History in the West has to be seen primarily in the context of American history where all men are created equal and that slavery and the fight for civil rights had its most profound effect. |
| black history in cleveland ohio: Selling Black History for Carter G. Woodson Arvarh E. Strickland, 2018-02-28 In the summer of 1930, Lorenzo Johnston Greene, a graduate of Howard University and a doctoral candidate at Columbia University, became a book agent for the man with the undisputed title of Father of Negro History, Carter G. Woodson. With little more than determination, Greene, along with four Howard University students, traveled throughout the South and Southeast selling books published by Woodson's Associated Publishers. Their dual purpose was to provide needed funds for the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History and to promote the study of African American history. Greene returned east by way of Chicago, and, for a time, he settled in Philadelphia, selling books there and in the nearby cities of Delaware and New Jersey. He left Philadelphia in 1931 to conduct a survey in Washington, D.C., of firms employing and not employing black workers. From 1930 until 1933, when Greene began teaching at Lincoln University in Jefferson City, Missouri, Selling Black History for Carter G. Woodson provides a unique firsthand account of conditions in African American communities during the Great Depression. Greene describes in the diary, often in lyrical terms, the places and people he visited. He provides poignant descriptions of what was happening to black professional and business people, plus working-class people, along with details of high school facilities, churches, black business enterprises, housing, and general conditions in communities. Greene also gives revealing accounts of how the black colleges were faring in 1930. Selling Black History for Carter G. Woodson offers important glimpses into the private thoughts of a young man of the 1930s, a developing intellectual and scholar. Greene's diary also provides invaluable insights into the personality of Carter Woodson that are not otherwise available. This fascinating and comprehensive view of black America during the early thirties will be a welcome addition to African American studies. |
| black history in cleveland ohio: Cumulative List of Organizations Described in Section 170 (c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 , 1987 |
| black history in cleveland ohio: Cumulative List of Organizations Described in Section 170 (c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 , 2002 |
| black history in cleveland ohio: Cumulative List of Organizations Described in Section 170 (c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 United States. Internal Revenue Service, 1991 |
| black history in cleveland ohio: The Gentleman from Ohio Louis Stokes, David Chanoff, 2016 Louis Stokes was a giant in Ohio politics and one of the most significant figures in the U.S. Congress in recent times. When he arrived in the House of Representatives as a freshman in 1969, there were only six African Americans serving. By the time he retired thirty years later, he had chaired the House Special Committee on the Kennedy and King assassinations, the House Ethics Committee during Abscam, and the House Intelligence Committee during Iran-Contra; he was also a senior member of the powerful House Appropriations Committee. Prior to Louis Stokes's tenure in Congress he served for many years as a criminal defense lawyer and chairman of the Cleveland NAACP Legal Redress Committee. Among the Supreme Court Cases he argued, the Terry Stop and Frisk case is regarded as one of the twenty-five most significant cases in the court's history. The Gentleman from Ohio chronicles this and other momentous events in the life and legacy of Ohio's first black representative--a man who, whether in law or politics, continually fought for the principles he believed in and helped lead the way for African Americans in the world of mainstream American politics. |
| black history in cleveland ohio: Red Book Alice Eichholz, 2004 ... provides updated county and town listings within the same overall state-by-state organization ... information on records and holdings for every county in the United States, as well as excellent maps from renowned mapmaker William Dollarhide ... The availability of census records such as federal, state, and territorial census reports is covered in detail ... Vital records are also discussed, including when and where they were kept and how--Publisher decription. |
| black history in cleveland ohio: Congressional Record Index , 1973 Includes history of bills and resolutions. |
| black history in cleveland ohio: The Making of Cleveland's Black Suburb in the City Todd Michney, Carolyn Gimbal, 2019-11-04 Our story starts just west of the intersection of Lee and Seville Roads, where a Black enclave took shape in the 1920s. By establishing a foothold in Cleveland's far southeastern reaches, African Americans laid the successful groundwork for this vicinity to develop as a Black suburb in the city. This book, the first-ever published history of these neighborhoods, documents and celebrates a success story, a Cleveland case of Black community-building. The making of Lee-Seville and Lee-Harvard unfolded under remarkable circumstances and against considerable odds, thereby offering an instructive example of the life possibilities that some Black Americans in earlier generations were able to create at the city's outskirts.The Cleveland Restoration Society, a regional historic preservation non-profit, has worked for the past several years collecting community history, interviewing and filming residents of the neighborhood and scouring archives and private collections for historical images that help tell the story of this remarkable place. |
| black history in cleveland ohio: The Black Panther Party (reconsidered) Charles Earl Jones, 1998 This new collection of essays, contributed by scholars and former Panthers, is a ground-breaking work that offers thought-provoking and pertinent observations about the many facets of the Party. By placing the perspectives of participants and scholars side by side, Dr. Jones presents an insider view and initiates a vital dialogue that is absent from most historical studies. |
Cleveland’s Role in Black Resistance and Civil Rights
Cleveland’s Role in Black Resistance and Civil Rights Shortly after Cleveland’s formation, black freepersons and fugitives alike trickled into the burgeoning city. In 1820 there were only 54 …
African American Residents Buried In Woodland Cemetery
Cleveland has a long history of African American settlement beginning with the first black settler in 1809. By 1860 there were 799 blacks living in the grow-ing community. Founded by New …
Cleveland Restoration Society
The Cleveland Restoration Society’s 40th Anniversary Legacy Project was a survey of resources significant to Cleveland’s African-American history and culture followed by an educational …
The History of New Libya / Afro Set as a Case Study “By Any …
From the start of Cleveland’s wartime boom years, and through a continued period of heightened manufacturing production, poor rural Southern blacks migrating northward helped grow the …
THE BLACK FREEDOM MOVEMENT AND COMMUNITY …
In August 1976 the Call and Post, the weekly black newspaper for the city of Cleveland, Ohio, ran a photograph of a smiling African American boy of about four or five years of age, happily …
2025 BLACK HISTORY MONTH CALENDAR OF EVENTS - City …
Cleveland City Hall - Rotunda 12 p.m. - 2 p.m. An unforgettable afternoon at our Senior Prom 2025! Brought to you by Ward 5 Councilman, Richard Starr, and Anthem Blue Cross Blue …
spillover from the burgeoning black population in Cleveland's
East Cleveland was in the midst of rapid racial transformation through spillover from the burgeoning black population in Cleveland's eastside neighborhoods, only 2 percent of …
Black History Museum Cleveland - offsite.creighton
black history museum cleveland: Icabod Flewellen Barbara Flewellyn, 2020-04-30 The biography of Icabod Flewellen who established the first stand-alone museum for the history of Black …
“Race Women” and Reform: Cleveland, Ohio, 1900 – 1940
African American women in Cleveland, Ohio, like their sisters across the country, worked tirelessly in the early twentieth century to help improve the quality of life for members of their communities.
Marching Mothers : The Battle for Desegregation in Cleveland …
In 1957, the Cleveland Municipal School District’s (CMSD) Board of Education implemented a relay program to address issues of overcrowding in Cleveland public schools. Solely affecting …
JAMES CLEVELAND, GMWA - Traditions & Beliefs, African …
This special African American History Month issue of Traditions & Beliefs is dedicated to Reverend James Cleveland and the incredible music educators whose classroom, workshop, …
Cleveland Civil Rights Movement and Black Power: Part III
In Cleveland, Mae Mallory’s 1963 case became a cause célèbre for Cleveland organizations and indicated the degree to which Black Nationalist and armed self-defense sentiments underlined …
PB April State of Black Cleveland Cover 1 FR3 - POLICYBRIDGE
In the city of Cleveland, Black people represent 42% of all confirmed covid cases. Additionally, Black people represent 55% of COVID-19-related deaths which has illuminated many health …
Approaches to Black Power: African American Grassroots …
people in Cleveland, Ohio during the early 1960s in order to analyze the development of the tactics, strategies, and ideologies that became hallmarks of Black Power by the end of the …
Prof. Norman Krumholz Room: UR 108 Department of Urban …
Since 55 percent of Cleveland's 2005 population is African-American, the reality of race and racial discrimination will be central to our discussions of housing, poverty, education and other …
Cleveland Civil Rights 1950s-1964
Black Clevelanders slowly turned to mass direct action in the early 1960s after the start of the national sit-in movement. Many black and white Clevelanders risked their lives to join protests …
Institutionalizing Inequalities: Black Children and Child …
black children are at the center of this study of Cleveland, where for almost a century and a half, the city's public and private child-care agencies provided for them often separately, almost …
RACE, VIOLENCE, AND URBAN TERRITORIALITY Cleveland’s …
persed—while African American settlement expanded on Cleveland’s East Side, encompassing most of the other formerly Italian areas, Little Italy remained exclusively white. Across Euclid …
A Ruckus on High Street: The Birth of Black Studies at The …
The history of Black Studies as a discipline is one of struggle, adversity, failure and triumph. Involved in its birth and development are some of America’s most foremost intellectuals and …
HISTORY OF THE 1970 s - teachingcleveland.org
ethnic nature of Cleveland’s South Side. The evolution of black politics, which had emerged from Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal, elbowed its way into Cleveland’s political mosaic, creating an …
Cleveland’s Role in Black Resistance and Civil Rights
Cleveland’s Role in Black Resistance and Civil Rights Shortly after Cleveland’s formation, black freepersons and fugitives alike trickled into the burgeoning city. In 1820 there were only 54 …
African American Residents Buried In Woodland Cemetery
Cleveland has a long history of African American settlement beginning with the first black settler in 1809. By 1860 there were 799 blacks living in the grow-ing community. Founded by New …
Cleveland Restoration Society
The Cleveland Restoration Society’s 40th Anniversary Legacy Project was a survey of resources significant to Cleveland’s African-American history and culture followed by an educational …
The History of New Libya / Afro Set as a Case Study “By Any …
From the start of Cleveland’s wartime boom years, and through a continued period of heightened manufacturing production, poor rural Southern blacks migrating northward helped grow the …
THE BLACK FREEDOM MOVEMENT AND COMMUNITY …
In August 1976 the Call and Post, the weekly black newspaper for the city of Cleveland, Ohio, ran a photograph of a smiling African American boy of about four or five years of age, happily …
2025 BLACK HISTORY MONTH CALENDAR OF EVENTS
Cleveland City Hall - Rotunda 12 p.m. - 2 p.m. An unforgettable afternoon at our Senior Prom 2025! Brought to you by Ward 5 Councilman, Richard Starr, and Anthem Blue Cross Blue …
spillover from the burgeoning black population in Cleveland's
East Cleveland was in the midst of rapid racial transformation through spillover from the burgeoning black population in Cleveland's eastside neighborhoods, only 2 percent of …
Black History Museum Cleveland - offsite.creighton
black history museum cleveland: Icabod Flewellen Barbara Flewellyn, 2020-04-30 The biography of Icabod Flewellen who established the first stand-alone museum for the history of Black …
“Race Women” and Reform: Cleveland, Ohio, 1900 – 1940
African American women in Cleveland, Ohio, like their sisters across the country, worked tirelessly in the early twentieth century to help improve the quality of life for members of their communities.
Marching Mothers : The Battle for Desegregation in …
In 1957, the Cleveland Municipal School District’s (CMSD) Board of Education implemented a relay program to address issues of overcrowding in Cleveland public schools. Solely affecting …
JAMES CLEVELAND, GMWA - Traditions & Beliefs, African …
This special African American History Month issue of Traditions & Beliefs is dedicated to Reverend James Cleveland and the incredible music educators whose classroom, workshop, …
Cleveland Civil Rights Movement and Black Power: Part III
In Cleveland, Mae Mallory’s 1963 case became a cause célèbre for Cleveland organizations and indicated the degree to which Black Nationalist and armed self-defense sentiments underlined …
PB April State of Black Cleveland Cover 1 FR3
In the city of Cleveland, Black people represent 42% of all confirmed covid cases. Additionally, Black people represent 55% of COVID-19-related deaths which has illuminated many health …
Approaches to Black Power: African American Grassroots …
people in Cleveland, Ohio during the early 1960s in order to analyze the development of the tactics, strategies, and ideologies that became hallmarks of Black Power by the end of the …
Prof. Norman Krumholz Room: UR 108 Department of Urban …
Since 55 percent of Cleveland's 2005 population is African-American, the reality of race and racial discrimination will be central to our discussions of housing, poverty, education and other …
Cleveland Civil Rights 1950s-1964
Black Clevelanders slowly turned to mass direct action in the early 1960s after the start of the national sit-in movement. Many black and white Clevelanders risked their lives to join protests …
Institutionalizing Inequalities: Black Children and Child …
black children are at the center of this study of Cleveland, where for almost a century and a half, the city's public and private child-care agencies provided for them often separately, almost …
RACE, VIOLENCE, AND URBAN TERRITORIALITY …
persed—while African American settlement expanded on Cleveland’s East Side, encompassing most of the other formerly Italian areas, Little Italy remained exclusively white. Across Euclid …
A Ruckus on High Street: The Birth of Black Studies at The …
The history of Black Studies as a discipline is one of struggle, adversity, failure and triumph. Involved in its birth and development are some of America’s most foremost intellectuals and …
HISTORY OF THE 1970 s - teachingcleveland.org
ethnic nature of Cleveland’s South Side. The evolution of black politics, which had emerged from Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal, elbowed its way into Cleveland’s political mosaic, creating an …
