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| black history month for middle school: Beautiful Blackbird Ashley Bryan, 2011-04-19 Coretta Scott King Award–winning creator Ashley Bryan’s adaptation of a tale from the Ila-speaking people of Zambia is now available in board book format, featuring Bryan’s cut-paper artwork. We’ll see the difference a touch of black can make. Just remember, whatever I do, I’ll be me and you’ll be you. Explore the appreciation of one’s own heritage and beauty. In this story, the colorful birds of Africa ask Blackbird, who they think is the most beautiful of birds, to color them black so they can be beautiful too, though Blackbird reminds them that true beauty comes from the inside. |
| black history month for middle school: Henry's Freedom Box Ellen Levine, 2016-03-29 A stirring, dramatic story of a slave who mails himself to freedom by a Jane Addams Peace Award-winning author and a Coretta Scott King Award-winning artist. Henry Brown doesn't know how old he is. Nobody keeps records of slaves' birthdays. All the time he dreams about freedom, but that dream seems farther away than ever when he is torn from his family and put to work in a warehouse. Henry grows up and marries, but he is again devastated when his family is sold at the slave market. Then one day, as he lifts a crate at the warehouse, he knows exactly what he must do: He will mail himself to the North. After an arduous journey in the crate, Henry finally has a birthday -- his first day of freedom. |
| black history month for middle school: Before Jackie Robinson Gerald R. Gems, 2017-02-01 Vietnam and the Colonial Condition of French Literature explores an aspect of modern French literature that has been consistently overlooked in literary histories: the relationship between the colonies—their cultures, languages, and people—and formal shifts in French literary production. Starting from the premise that neither cultural identity nor cultural production can be pure or homogenous, Leslie Barnes initiates a new discourse on the French literary canon by examining the work of three iconic French writers with personal connections to Vietnam: André Malraux, Marguerite Duras, and Linda Lê. In a thorough investigation of the authors’ linguistic, metaphysical, and textual experiences of colonialism, Barnes articulates a new way of reading French literature: not as an inward-looking, homogenous, monolingual tradition, but rather as a tradition of intersecting and interdependent peoples, cultures, and experiences. One of the few books to focus on Vietnam’s position within francophone literary scholarship, Barnes challenges traditional concepts of French cultural identity and offers a new perspective on canonicity and the division between “French” and “francophone” literature. |
| black history month for middle school: Teammates Peter Golenbock, 1990 Describes the racial prejudice experienced by Jackie Robinson when he joined the Brooklyn Dodgers and became the first Black player in Major League baseball and depicts the acceptance and support he received from his white teammate Pee Wee Reese. |
| black history month for middle school: Above the Rim Jen Bryant, 2020-10-06 The story of Elgin Baylor, basketball icon and civil rights advocate, from an all-star team Hall-of-famer Elgin Baylor was one of basketball’s all-time-greatest players—an innovative athlete, team player, and quiet force for change. One of the first professional African-American players, he inspired others on and off the court. But when traveling for away games, many hotels and restaurants turned Elgin away because he was black. One night, Elgin had enough and staged a one-man protest that captured the attention of the press, the public, and the NBA. Above the Rim is a poetic, exquisitely illustrated telling of the life of an underrecognized athlete and a celebration of standing up for what is right. |
| black history month for middle school: Recognize! Wade Hudson, Cheryl Willis Hudson, 2021-10-12 In the stunning follow-up to The Talk: Conversations About Race, Love & Truth, award-winning Black authors and artists come together to create a moving anthology collection celebrating Black love, Black creativity, Black resistance, and Black life. A multifaceted, sometimes disheartening, yet consistently enriching primer on the unyielding necessity of those three words: Black Lives Matter. -Kirkus Reviews, Starred Review BLACK LIVES HAVE ALWAYS MATTERED. Prominent Black creators lend their voice, their insight, and their talent to an inspiring anthology that celebrates Black culture and Black life. Essays, poems, short stories, and historical excerpts blend with a full-color eight-page insert of spellbinding art to capture the pride, prestige, and jubilation that is being Black in America. In these pages, find the stories of the past, the journeys of the present, and the light guiding the future. BLACK LIVES WILL ALWAYS MATTER. |
| black history month for middle school: Our Skin: A First Conversation About Race Megan Madison, Jessica Ralli, 2021-03-16 Based on the research that race, gender, consent, and body positivity should be discussed with toddlers on up, this read-aloud board book series offers adults the opportunity to begin important conversations with young children in an informed, safe, and supported way. Developed by experts in the fields of early childhood and activism against injustice, this topic-driven board book offers clear, concrete language and beautiful imagery that young children can grasp and adults can leverage for further discussion. While young children are avid observers and questioners of their world, adults often shut down or postpone conversations on complicated topics because it's hard to know where to begin. Research shows that talking about issues like race and gender from the age of two not only helps children understand what they see, but also increases self-awareness, self-esteem, and allows them to recognize and confront things that are unfair, like discrimination and prejudice. This first book in the series begins the conversation on race, with a supportive approach that considers both the child and the adult. Stunning art accompanies the simple and interactive text, and the backmatter offers additional resources and ideas for extending this discussion. |
| black history month for middle school: Presidents' Day Activities Teacher Created Materials, 1996 |
| black history month for middle school: Marley Dias Gets It Done: And So Can You! Marley Dias, 2018-01-30 Marley Dias, the powerhouse girl-wonder who started the #1000blackgirlbooks campaign, speaks to kids about her passion for making our world a better place, and how to make their dreams come true! Marley Dias, the powerhouse girl-wonder who started the #1000blackgirlbooks campaign, speaks to kids about her passion for making our world a better place, and how to make their dreams come true!In this accessible guide with an introduction by Academy Award-nominated filmmaker Ava DuVernay, Marley Dias explores activism, social justice, volunteerism, equity and inclusion, and using social media for good. Drawing from her experience, Marley shows kids how they can galvanize their strengths to make positive changes in their communities, while getting support from parents, teachers, and friends to turn dreams into reality. Focusing on the importance of literacy and diversity, Marley offers suggestions on book selection, and delivers hands-on strategies for becoming a lifelong reader. |
| black history month for middle school: The ABCs of Black History Rio Cortez, 2020-12-08 A NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER B is for Beautiful, Brave, and Bright! And for a Book that takes a Bold journey through the alphabet of Black history and culture. Letter by letter, The ABCs of Black History celebrates a story that spans continents and centuries, triumph and heartbreak, creativity and joy. It’s a story of big ideas––P is for Power, S is for Science and Soul. Of significant moments––G is for Great Migration. Of iconic figures––H is for Zora Neale Hurston, X is for Malcom X. It’s an ABC book like no other, and a story of hope and love. In addition to rhyming text, the book includes back matter with information on the events, places, and people mentioned in the poem, from Mae Jemison to W. E. B. Du Bois, Fannie Lou Hamer to Sam Cooke, and the Little Rock Nine to DJ Kool Herc. |
| black history month for middle school: All Are Welcome Alexandra Penfold, 2019-03-07 A bright and uplifting celebration of cultural diversity and belonging, where all children are welcome in the classroom 'If your little one is a little nervous about fitting in and whether they'll belong at school, pick up All Are Welcome' Barnes & Noble No matter how you start your day, What you wear when you play, Or if you come from far away, All are welcome here. Follow a group of children through a day in their school, where everyone is welcome. A school where children in patkas, hijabs, baseball caps and yarmulkes play side by side. A school where students grow and learn from each other's traditions. A school where diversity is a strength. Warm and inspiring, All Are Welcome lets young children know that no matter what, they have a place, they have a space, and they are welcome in their school. Engaging lyrical text and bright, accessible illustrations make this book a must for every child's bookshelf, classroom and library. |
| black history month for middle school: To Be a Drum Evelyn Coleman, 2000-09-01 Daddy Wes tells how Africans were brought to America as slaves, but promises his children that as long as they can hear the rhythm of the earth, they will be free. |
| black history month for middle school: Rosa Parks Lisbeth Kaiser, 2017-09-07 New in the Little People, Big Dreams series, discover the incredible life of Rosa Parks, ' The Mother of the Freedom Movement', in this inspiring story. In this true story of an inspiring civil rights activist, Rosa Parks grew up during segregation in Alabama, but she was taught to respect herself and stand up for her rights. In 1955, Rosa refused to give up her seat to a white man on a segregated bus, sparking the Montgomery Bus Boycott. Her decision had a huge impact on civil rights, eventually leading to the end of segregation on public transport. With stylish and quirky illustrations and extra facts at the back, this empowering series celebrates the important life stories of wonderful women of the world. From designers and artists to scientists, all of them went on to achieve incredible things, yet all of them began life as a little child with a dream. These books make the lives of these role models accessible for children, providing a powerful message to inspire the next generation of outstanding people who will change the world! |
| black history month for middle school: A Black Women's History of the United States Daina Ramey Berry, Kali Nicole Gross, 2020-02-04 The award-winning Revisioning American History series continues with this “groundbreaking new history of Black women in the United States” (Ibram X. Kendi)—the perfect companion to An Indigenous People’s History of the United States and An African American and Latinx History of the United States. An empowering and intersectional history that centers the stories of African American women across 400+ years, showing how they are—and have always been—instrumental in shaping our country. In centering Black women’s stories, two award-winning historians seek both to empower African American women and to show their allies that Black women’s unique ability to make their own communities while combatting centuries of oppression is an essential component in our continued resistance to systemic racism and sexism. Daina Ramey Berry and Kali Nicole Gross offer an examination and celebration of Black womanhood, beginning with the first African women who arrived in what became the United States to African American women of today. A Black Women’s History of the United States reaches far beyond a single narrative to showcase Black women’s lives in all their fraught complexities. Berry and Gross prioritize many voices: enslaved women, freedwomen, religious leaders, artists, queer women, activists, and women who lived outside the law. The result is a starting point for exploring Black women’s history and a testament to the beauty, richness, rhythm, tragedy, heartbreak, rage, and enduring love that abounds in the spirit of Black women in communities throughout the nation. |
| black history month for middle school: The Fierce 44 The Staff of The Undefeated, 2019 A dynamic and hip collective biography that presents forty-four of America's greatest movers and shakers, from Frederick Douglass to Aretha Franklin to Barack Obama, written by ESPN's TheUndefeated.com and illustrated with dazzling portraits by Rob Ball. Meet forty-four of America's most impressive heroes in this collective biography of African American figures authored by the team at ESPN's TheUndefeated.com. From visionaries to entrepreneurs, athletes to activists, the Fierce 44 are beacons of brilliance, perseverance, and excellence. Each short biography is accompanied by a compelling portrait by Robert Ball, whose bright, graphic art pops off the page. Bringing household names like Serena Williams and Harriet Tubman together with lesser-known but highly deserving figures such as Robert Abbott and Dr. Charles Drew, this collection is a celebration of all that African Americans have achieved, despite everything they have had to overcome. |
| black history month for middle school: The Knowledge Gap Natalie Wexler, 2020-08-04 The untold story of the root cause of America's education crisis--and the seemingly endless cycle of multigenerational poverty. It was only after years within the education reform movement that Natalie Wexler stumbled across a hidden explanation for our country's frustrating lack of progress when it comes to providing every child with a quality education. The problem wasn't one of the usual scapegoats: lazy teachers, shoddy facilities, lack of accountability. It was something no one was talking about: the elementary school curriculum's intense focus on decontextualized reading comprehension skills at the expense of actual knowledge. In the tradition of Dale Russakoff's The Prize and Dana Goldstein's The Teacher Wars, Wexler brings together history, research, and compelling characters to pull back the curtain on this fundamental flaw in our education system--one that fellow reformers, journalists, and policymakers have long overlooked, and of which the general public, including many parents, remains unaware. But The Knowledge Gap isn't just a story of what schools have gotten so wrong--it also follows innovative educators who are in the process of shedding their deeply ingrained habits, and describes the rewards that have come along: students who are not only excited to learn but are also acquiring the knowledge and vocabulary that will enable them to succeed. If we truly want to fix our education system and unlock the potential of our neediest children, we have no choice but to pay attention. |
| black history month for middle school: Love Like Sky Leslie C. Youngblood, 2018-11-04 In this heartfelt middle-grade novel that “brims with charm and compassion” (Vashti Harrison, New York Times bestselling author of Little Leaders), eleven-year-old G-baby must bring her family together when her little sister faces a dangerous illness Love ain't like that. How is it then? Peaches asked, turning on her stomach to face me. It's like sky. If you keep driving and driving, gas will run out, right? That's why we gotta go to the gas station. Yep. But have you ever seen the sky run out? No matter how far we go? No, when we look up, there it is. Well that's the kind of love Daddy and Mama got for us, Peaches -- love like sky. It never ends? Never. G-baby and her younger sister, Peaches, are still getting used to their blended-up family. They live with Mama and Frank out in the suburbs, and they haven't seen their real daddy much since he married Millicent. G-baby misses her best friend back in Atlanta, and is crushed that her glamorous new stepsister, Tangie, wants nothing to do with her. G-baby is so preoccupied with earning Tangie's approval that she isn't there for her own little sister when she needs her most. Peaches gets sick-really sick. Suddenly, Mama and Daddy are arguing like they did before the divorce, and even the doctors at the hospital don't know how to help Peaches get better. It's up to G-baby to put things right. She knows Peaches can be strong again if she can only see that their family's love for her really is like sky. |
| black history month for middle school: Young Gifted and Black Jamia Wilson, 2018-02-01 “...to be revisited again and again…The candy-colored pages and straightforward stories are hard to resist…” –The New York Times “...diverse collection of iconic figures…vibrantly illustrated…beautifully crafted volume…” –Kirkus Reviews, Starred Review “…exuberant…exquisitely designed…a launching point for more discoveries.” –School Library Journal, Starred Review “A luminous and diverse tribute to black movers and shakers across the centuries.” –Publishers Weekly Meet 52 icons of color from the past and present in this celebration of inspirational achievement—a collection of stories about changemakers to encourage, inspire, and empower the next generation of changemakers. Jamia Wilson has carefully curated this range of black icons and the book is stylishly brought together by Andrea Pippins’ colorful and celebratory illustrations. Written in the spirit of Nina Simone’s song “To Be Young, Gifted, and Black,” this vibrant book is a perfect introduction to both historic and present-day icons and heroes. Meet figureheads, leaders, and pioneers such as Martin Luther King Jr., Nelson Mandela, and Rosa Parks, as well as cultural trailblazers and athletes like Stevie Wonder, Oprah Winfrey, and Serena Williams. All children deserve to see themselves represented positively in the books they read. Highlighting the talent and contributions of black leaders and changemakers from around the world, readers of all backgrounds will be empowered to discover what they too can achieve. Strong, courageous, talented, and diverse, these extraordinary men and women's achievements will inspire a new generation to chase their dream…whatever it may be. The 52 icons: Mary Seacole, Matthew Henson, Ava Duvernay, Bessie Coleman, Barack Obama, Michelle Obama, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Cathy Freeman, George Washington Carver, Malorie Blackman, Harriet Tubman, Mo Farah, Jean-Michel Basquiat, Jesse Owens, Beyonce Knowles, Solange Knowles, Katherine Johnson, Josephine Baker, Kofi Annan, Langston Hughes, Toni Morrison, Brian Lara, Madam C.J. Walker, Yannick Noah, Maurice Ashley, Alexandre Duma, Martin Luther King, Jr., Maya Angelou, Nina Simone, Simone Biles, Stevie Wonder, Esperanza Spalding, Sidney Poitier, Oprah Winfrey, Pele, Nelson Mandela, Louis Armstrong, Rosa Parks, Naomi Campbell, Samuel Coleridge-Taylor, Muhammad Ali, Shirley Chisholm, Steve McQueen, Zadie Smith, Usain Bolt, Wangari Maathai, Mae Jemison, W.E.B. Du Bois, Nicola Adams, Serena Williams, Venus Williams, and Misty Copeland. If you like this book, check out Step Into Your Power and Big Ideas for Young Thinkers, by the same author-illustrator team. |
| black history month for middle school: Holes Louis Sachar, 2011-06-01 This groundbreaking classic is now available in a special anniversary edition with bonus content. Winner of the Newbery Medal as well as the National Book Award, HOLES is a New York Times bestseller and one of the strongest-selling middle-grade books to ever hit shelves! Stanley Yelnats is under a curse. A curse that began with his no-good-dirty-rotten-pig-stealing-great-great-grandfather and has since followed generations of Yelnatses. Now Stanley has been unjustly sent to a boys' detention center, Camp Green Lake, where the boys build character by spending all day, every day digging holes exactly five feet wide and five feet deep. There is no lake at Camp Green Lake. But there are an awful lot of holes. It doesn't take long for Stanley to realize there's more than character improvement going on at Camp Green Lake. The boys are digging holes because the warden is looking for something. But what could be buried under a dried-up lake? Stanley tries to dig up the truth in this inventive and darkly humorous tale of crime and punishment —and redemption. Special anniversary edition bonus content includes: A New Note From the Author!; Ten Things You May Not Know About HOLES by Louis Sachar; and more! |
| black history month for middle school: The Undefeated Kwame Alexander, 2019-06-15 WINNER OF THE CALDECOTT MEDAL, THE CORETTA SCOTT KING AWARD, THE KATE GREENAWAY SHADOWER'S CHOICE AWARD AND A NEWBERY HONOR BOOK. This is for the unforgettable. The unafraid. The undefeated. From New York Times bestselling-author Kwame Alexander comes this powerful and important ode to black history: the strength and bravery of everyday people and the grit, passion, and perseverance of some of the world's greatest artists, athletes, and activists. With references to lyrics and lines originally shared by our most celebrated heroes, this poem digs into the not-so-distant past to underline the endurance and spirit of those surviving and thriving in the present. Listen to the powerful poem read by Kwame Alexander himself via an audiolink inside the book. |
| black history month for middle school: The Port Chicago 50 Steve Sheinkin, 2014-01-21 An astonishing World War II military story of civil rights from New York Times bestselling author and Newbery Honor recipient Steve Sheinkin. A National Book Award Finalist A YALSA Award for Excellence in Nonfiction Finalist A School Library Journal Best Book of the Year On July 17, 1944, a massive explosion rocked the segregated Navy base at Port Chicago, California, killing more than 300 sailors who were at the docks, critically injuring off-duty men in their bunks, and shattering windows up to a mile away. On August 9th, 244 men refused to go back to work until unsafe and unfair conditions at the docks were addressed. When the dust settled, fifty were charged with mutiny, facing decades in jail and even execution. The Port Chicago 50 is a fascinating story of the prejudice and injustice that faced black men and women in America's armed forces during World War II, and a nuanced look at those who gave their lives in service of a country where they lacked the most basic rights. This thoroughly-researched and documented book can be worked into multiple aspects of the common core curriculum, including history and social studies. “Sheinkin delivers another meticulously researched WWII story, one he discovered while working on his Newbery Honor book, Bomb...Archival photos appear throughout, and an extensive bibliography, source notes, and index conclude this gripping, even horrific account of a battle for civil rights predating Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King, Jr.” —Publishers Weekly (starred review) Also by Steve Sheinkin: Bomb: The Race to Build—and Steal—the World's Most Dangerous Weapon The Notorious Benedict Arnold: A True Story of Adventure, Heroism & Treachery Undefeated: Jim Thorpe and the Carlisle Indian School Football Team Most Dangerous: Daniel Ellsberg and the Secret History of the Vietnam War Which Way to the Wild West?: Everything Your Schoolbooks Didn't Tell You About Westward Expansion King George: What Was His Problem?: Everything Your Schoolbooks Didn't Tell You About the American Revolution Two Miserable Presidents: Everything Your Schoolbooks Didn't Tell You About the Civil War Born to Fly: The First Women's Air Race Across America |
| black history month for middle school: Clayton Byrd Goes Underground Rita Williams-Garcia, 2017-05-09 From beloved Newbery Honor winner and three-time Coretta Scott King Award winner Rita Williams-Garcia comes a powerful and heartfelt novel about loss, family, and love that will appeal to fans of Jason Reynolds and Kwame Alexander. Clayton feels most alive when he’s with his grandfather, Cool Papa Byrd, and the band of Bluesmen—he can’t wait to join them, just as soon as he has a blues song of his own. But then the unthinkable happens. Cool Papa Byrd dies, and Clayton’s mother forbids Clayton from playing the blues. And Clayton knows that’s no way to live. Armed with his grandfather’s brown porkpie hat and his harmonica, he runs away from home in search of the Bluesmen, hoping he can join them on the road. But on the journey that takes him through the New York City subways and to Washington Square Park, Clayton learns some things that surprise him. National Book Award Finalist * Kirkus Best Books of 2017 * Horn Book Best Books of 2017 * Publishers Weekly Best Books of 2017 * School Library Journal Best Books of 2017 * NAACP Image Awards Youth/Teens Winner * Chicago Public Library Best Books * Boston Globe Best Books of 2017 This slim novel strikes a strong chord.—Publishers Weekly (starred review) This complex tale of family and forgiveness has heart.” —School Library Journal (starred review) Strong characterizations and vivid musical scenes add layers to this warm family story.” —Kirkus Reviews (starred review) “An appealing, realistic story with frequent elegant turns of phrase. —The Horn Book (starred review) Garcia-Williams skillfully finds melody in words.” —Booklist (starred review) |
| black history month for middle school: Carter Reads the Newspaper Deborah Hopkinson, 2020-08-04 Carter G. Woodson didn't just read history. He changed it. As the father of Black History Month, he spent his life introducing others to the history of his people. Carter G. Woodson was born to two formerly enslaved people ten years after the end of the Civil War. Though his father could not read, he believed in being an informed citizen, so he asked Carter to read the newspaper to him every day. As a teenager, Carter went to work in the coal mines, and there he met Oliver Jones, who did something important: he asked Carter not only to read to him and the other miners, but also research and find more information on the subjects that interested them. My interest in penetrating the past of my people was deepened, Carter wrote. His journey would take him many more years, traveling around the world and transforming the way people thought about history. From an award-winning team of author Deborah Hopkinson and illustrator Don Tate, this first-ever picture book biography of Carter G. Woodson emphasizes the importance of pursuing curiosity and encouraging a hunger for knowledge of stories and histories that have not been told. Back matter includes author and illustrator notes and brief biological sketches of important figures from African and African American history. |
| black history month for middle school: Free Negro Owners of Slaves in the United States in 1830 Carter Godwin Woodson, 1924 This book has been considered by academicians and scholars of great significance and value to literature. This forms a part of the knowledge base for future generations. So that the book is never forgotten we have represented this book in a print format as the same form as it was originally first published. Hence any marks or annotations seen are left intentionally to preserve its true nature. |
| black history month for middle school: Black Diamond Queens Maureen Mahon, 2020-10-09 African American women have played a pivotal part in rock and roll—from laying its foundations and singing chart-topping hits to influencing some of the genre's most iconic acts. Despite this, black women's importance to the music's history has been diminished by narratives of rock as a mostly white male enterprise. In Black Diamond Queens, Maureen Mahon draws on recordings, press coverage, archival materials, and interviews to document the history of African American women in rock and roll between the 1950s and the 1980s. Mahon details the musical contributions and cultural impact of Big Mama Thornton, LaVern Baker, Betty Davis, Tina Turner, Merry Clayton, Labelle, the Shirelles, and others, demonstrating how dominant views of gender, race, sexuality, and genre affected their careers. By uncovering this hidden history of black women in rock and roll, Mahon reveals a powerful sonic legacy that continues to reverberate into the twenty-first century. |
| black history month for middle school: Peace, Locomotion Jacqueline Woodson, 2009-01-22 The stunning companion to the National Book Award finalist--from a three-time Newbery Honor winning author Twelve-year-old Lonnie is finally feeling at home with his foster family. But because he’s living apart from his little sister, Lili, he decides it’s his job to be the “rememberer”—and write down everything that happens while they’re growing up. Lonnie’s musings are bittersweet; he’s happy that he and Lili have new families, but though his new family brings him joy, it also brings new worries. With a foster brother in the army, concepts like Peace have new meaning for Lonnie.Told through letters from Lonnie to Lili, this thought-provoking companion to Jacqueline Woodson’s National Book Award finalist Locomotion tackles important issues in captivating, lyrical language. Lonnie’s reflections on family, loss, love and peace will strike a note with readers of all ages. |
| black history month for middle school: This Jazz Man Karen Ehrhardt, 2006-11-01 In this toe-tapping jazz tribute, the traditional This Old Man gets a swinging makeover, and some of the era's best musicians take center stage. The tuneful text and vibrant illustrations bop, slide, and shimmy across the page as Satchmo plays one, Bojangles plays two . . . right on down the line to Charles Mingus, who plays nine, plucking strings that sound divine. Easy on the ear and the eye, this playful introduction to nine jazz giants will teach children to count--and will give them every reason to get up and dance! Includes a brief biography of each musician. |
| black history month for middle school: Racecraft: The Soul of Inequality in American Life Karen Fields, Barbara J. Fields, 2012-10-09 No Marketing Blurb |
| black history month for middle school: Black Girls' Literacies Detra Price-Dennis, Gholnecsar E. Muhammad, 2021-06-22 Bringing together the voices of leading and emerging scholars, this volume highlights the many facets of Black girls’ literacies. As a comprehensive survey of the research, theories, and practices that highlight the literacies of Black girls and women in diverse spaces, the text addresses how sustaining and advancing their literacy achievement in and outside the classroom traverses the multiple dimensions of writing, comprehending literature, digital media, and community engagement. The Black Girls’ Literacies Framework lays a foundation for the understanding of Black girl epistemologies as multi-layered, nuanced, and complex. The authors in this volume draw on their collective yet individual experiences as Black women scholars and teacher educators to share ways to transform the identity development of Black girls within and beyond official school contexts. Addressing historical and contemporary issues within the broader context of inclusive education, chapters highlight empowering pedagogies and practices. In between chapters, the book features four Kitchen Table Talk conversations among contributors and leading Black women scholars, representing the rich history of spaces where Black women come together to share experiences and assert their voices. A crucial resource for educators, researchers, professors, and graduate students in language and literacy education, this book offers readers a fuller vision of the roles of literacy and English educators in the work to undo educational wrongs against Black girls and women and to create inclusive spaces that acknowledge the legitimacy and value of Black girls’ literacies. |
| black history month for middle school: Glory Be Augusta Scattergood, 2012-08-01 A Mississippi town in 1964 gets riled when tempers flare at the segregated public pool.As much as Gloriana June Hemphill, or Glory as everyone knows her, wants to turn twelve, there are times when Glory wishes she could turn back the clock a year. Jesslyn, her sister and former confidante, no longer has the time of day for her now that she'll be entering high school. Then there's her best friend, Frankie. Things have always been so easy with Frankie, and now suddenly they aren't. Maybe it's the new girl from the North that's got everyone out of sorts. Or maybe it's the debate about whether or not the town should keep the segregated public pool open. Augusta Scattergood has drawn on real-life events to create a memorable novel about family, friendship, and choices that aren't always easy. |
| black history month for middle school: The Legacy of Jim Crow Clarence A. Haynes, Jennifer Sabin, 2022-02-15 “A powerful series that fills in the cracks and illuminates the shadows of the past.” –Sherri L. Smith, award-winning author of Flygirl Introducing a new nonfiction series for the next generation of activists, uncovering the hidden history of the United States through an anti-racist lens. The true story of the discriminatory laws and ideas that affected African American life for generations. In the late nineteenth century, white lawmakers in the United States created a set of policies, collectively called “Jim Crow,” that created segregated facilities, like schools and parks, for African Americans in the South. But Jim Crow–type policies didn’t just affect the South. These policies have had far-reaching effects across America, impacting where Black people live, how they’re treated by the criminal justice system, and how they’re portrayed in TV and film. The Legacy of Jim Crow explores the details that have far too often been covered up, along with exclusive interviews with experts, including Pulitzer Prize–winning author Jeffrey C. Stewart. |
| black history month for middle school: Facing Frederick Tonya Bolden, 2018-01-09 From award-winning author Tonya Bolden comes the fascinating story of one of America’s most influential African American voices Teacher. Self-emancipator. Orator. Author. Man. Frederick Douglass (1818–1895) is one of the most important African American figures in US history, best known, perhaps, for his own emancipation. But there is much more to Douglass’s story than his time spent in slavery and his famous autobiography. Delving into his family life and travel abroad, this book captures the whole complicated, and at times perplexing, person that he was. As a statesman, suffragist, writer, newspaperman, and lover of the arts, Douglass the man, rather than the historical icon, is the focus in Facing Frederick. |
| black history month for middle school: Defiant Wade Hudson, 2021-10-12 As the fight for equal rights continues, Defiant takes a critical look at the strides and struggles of the past in this revelatory and moving memoir about a young Black man growing up in the South during the heart of the Civil Rights Movement. For fans of It's Trevor Noah: Born a Crime, Stamped, and Brown Girl Dreaming. With his compelling memoir, Hudson will inspire young readers to emulate his ideals and accomplishments.” –Booklist, Starred Review Born in 1946 in Mansfield, Louisiana, Wade Hudson came of age against the backdrop of the Civil Rights Movement. From their home on Mary Street, his close-knit family watched as the country grappled with desegregation, as the Klan targeted the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama, and as systemic racism struck across the nation and in their hometown. Amidst it all, Wade was growing up. Getting into scuffles, playing baseball, immersing himself in his church community, and starting to write. Most important, Wade learned how to find his voice and use it. From his family, his community, and his college classmates, Wade learned the importance of fighting for change by confronting the laws and customs that marginalized and demeaned people. This powerful memoir reveals the struggles, joys, love, and ongoing resilience that it took to grow up Black in segregated America, and the lessons that carry over to our fight for a better future. |
| black history month for middle school: Turning 15 on the Road to Freedom Lynda Blackmon Lowery, 2015-01-08 A memoir of the Civil Rights Movement from one of its youngest heroes A Sibert Informational Book Medal Honor Book Kirkus Best Books of 2015 Booklist Editors' Choice 2015 BCCB Blue Ribbon 2015 As the youngest marcher in the 1965 voting rights march from Selma to Montgomery, Albama, Lynda Blackmon Lowery proved that young adults can be heroes. Jailed nine times before her fifteenth birthday, Lowery fought alongside Martin Luther King, Jr. for the rights of African-Americans. In this memoir, she shows today's young readers what it means to fight nonviolently (even when the police are using violence, as in the Bloody Sunday protest) and how it felt to be part of changing American history. Straightforward and inspiring, this beautifully illustrated memoir brings readers into the middle of the Civil Rights Movement, complementing Common Core classroom learning and bringing history alive for young readers. |
| black history month for middle school: Day of Tears Julius Lester, 2007-03-20 Emma cares for Mr. Butler's daughters and has been promised that she will never be sold as a slave. When he breaks his promise and sells her on auction day, Emma runs away, gets married and eventually gains her freedom in Canada. |
| black history month for middle school: The Greatest: Muhammad Ali Walter Dean Myers, 2016-07-12 “Captures the excitement that Ali created in a generation of young African Americans, who found in the brash, young boxer a new kind of hero.” —Booklist Includes photos From his childhood in the segregated South to his final fight with Parkinson’s disease, Muhammad Ali never backed down. He was banned from boxing during his prime because he refused to fight in Vietnam. He became a symbol of the antiwar movement—and a defender of civil rights. As “The Greatest,” he was a boxer of undeniable talent and courage. He took the world by storm—only Ali could “float like a butterfly, sting like a bee.” From a New York Times–bestselling author and winner of numerous awards—including the Michael L. Printz Award, Newbery Honors, a Caldecott Honor and five Coretta Scott King awards—this is an inspiring biography of Ali, Olympic gold medalist, former heavyweight champion, and one of the most influential people of all time. “Myers interweaves fight sequences with the boxer’s life story and the political events and issues of the day. He doesn’t shy away from reporting on the brutality of the sport and documents the toll it has taken on its many stars . . . Myers’s writing flows while describing the boxing action and the legend’s larger-than-life story.” —School Library Journal |
| black history month for middle school: The Day You Begin Jacqueline Woodson, 2025-01-02 There will be times when you walk into a room and no one there is quite like you . . . It might be how you look or the way you talk, where you're from; maybe it's what you eat or what your hair is like. Feeling like an outsider can be scary at first, but the day you begin to share your stories might just be the day others find the courage to share theirs too. A lyrical story about celebrating differences, from award-winning author of Brown Girl Dreaming, Jacqueline Woodson. |
| black history month for middle school: Through My Eyes: Ruby Bridges Ruby Bridges, 2017-03-28 In November 1960, all of America watched as a tiny six-year-old black girl, surrounded by federal marshals, walked through a mob of screaming segregationists and into her school. An icon of the civil rights movement, Ruby Bridges chronicles each dramatic step of this pivotal event in history through her own words. |
| black history month for middle school: Forever This Summer Leslie C. Youngblood, 2022-06-14 The second book from critically acclaimed author Leslie C. Youngblood, about family, identity, and learning to stand up for what's right -- now in paperback! Georgie has no idea what to expect when she, Mama, and Peaches are plopped down in the middle of small town USA-aka Bogalusa, Louisiana-where Mama grew up and Great Aunt Vie needs constant care. Georgie wants to help out at the once famous family diner that served celebrities like the Jackson 5 and the Supremes, but everyone is too busy to show her the ropes and Mama is treating her like a baby, not letting her leave her sight. When she finally gets permission to leave on her own, Georgie makes friends with Markie-a foster kid who'd been under Aunt Elvie's care-who has a limb difference and a huge attitude. Then Markie asks Georgie to help her find her mom, and suddenly summer has a real purpose. But as Georgie and Markie's histories begin to entwine, Georgie becomes more desperate to find the truth. But words spoken cannot be taken back and once Georgie knows the truth, she may even find a way to right past wrongs and help Aunt Vie and Markie out after all. |
| black history month for middle school: The Lions of Little Rock Kristin Levine, 2012-01-05 Satisfying, gratifying, touching, weighty—this authentic piece of work has got soul.—The New York Times Book Review As twelve-year-old Marlee starts middle school in 1958 Little Rock, it feels like her whole world is falling apart. Until she meets Liz, the new girl at school. Liz is everything Marlee wishes she could be: she's brave, brash and always knows the right thing to say. But when Liz leaves school without even a good-bye, the rumor is that Liz was caught passing for white. Marlee decides that doesn't matter. She just wants her friend back. And to stay friends, Marlee and Liz are even willing to take on segregation and the dangers their friendship could bring to both their families. Winner of the New-York Historical Society Children’s History Book Prize A New York Times Book Review Editor’s Choice |
LESSON PLAN 10 Ideas for Teaching Black History Month - ADL
As we celebrate and commemorate Black History Month, it is important to engage students in activities that get them to think broadly and critically about the Black experience in all of its …
23-24 Black History Month TK-8 Teaching Resource Guide
Jan 23, 2024 · Ensuring the ongoing integration of Black history and experiences throughout all curriculum is imperative as educators continue to uplift every student and reinforce that Black …
Black History Month Workbook - ReadingVine
In high school, Jackie earned varsity letters in four sports: football, track, basketball, and baseball. Jackie went on to enroll first in Pasadena Junior College before
Black History Month teacher resource Guide - hsdvt.com
Every department can find a way to integrate relevant information on black history into its curriculum both within the month of February and beyond. This guide includes resources …
Black history month - girlsofexcellenceinc.org
This freebie contains three different reading comprehension tasks for Black History Month. Pages 2-7 contain comprehension and vocabulary related to the timeline of black history. Pages 8-12 …
Black History Month in the Paramount Unified School District
Classrooms will introduce Black History Month using one of the videos listed below to help students understand the significance of this month and by adding in their own innovative ideas …
Why Do We Still Need Black History Month - RIDB Grade 6
In these videos, adolescents (and a few teachers) explain the importance of celebrating Black History Month and why it is still needed. Black History Month is celebrated each February. The …
2024 Black History Month Classroom Ideas - etfo.ca
The impact of Black culture on popular culture is so palpable, the two are almost synonymous. Regardless of how many Black students or staff are in your local community, the influence of …
BLACK HISTORY MONTH TEACHING RESOURCES | 2023
It is intended to be used as a tool to share and learn about Black history throughout the year but especially during Black History Month in February. While all of the resources are appropriate …
Black History Month resources - Northern Illinois Annual …
Recalling a watershed event in US politics, this compelling documentary takes an in-depth look at the 1972 presidential campaign of Shirley Chisholm, the first black woman elected to …
28 days of Black Heritage Month Activities
Visit the Royal Ontario Museum (ROM) and complete the Black History Month (BHM) activities and/or visit their BHM Afro Fete. Watch films/movies and/or documentaries about the Black …
Black History Month Bell Ringers - Teach World History
Compromise came about in 1820. Missouri wanted to . nter the Union as a slave state. Many in the North felt this would give too muc. power to the South in Congress. For a compromise, …
BLACK HISTORY MONTH - blogs.jwpepper.com
Here are a few ideas for lessons or units along with appropriate resources constructed specifically for band classes during Black History Month.
Black History Month TK-8 Teaching Resource Guide 22-23
During Black Lives Matter at School Week, celebrated this year from February 6-10, students will be supported to look back and learn about exemplary Black people in history and Black …
Welsh Valley Middle School Black History Month Activities
Welsh Valley Middle School Black History Month Exercises Teachers from a variety of grade levels and subject areas collaborated to develop a wide array of engaging learning …
A resource guide for middle school teachers - Poetry …
Students will discover the works of important African-American poets, classroom activities designed to encourage them to develop their own poetic voices, discussion guides, …
BLACK HISTORY MONTH SCHOOL & YOUTH ACTIVITY …
This year for Black History Month, we have created a resource suitable for schools and youth groups which will facilitate educators in light hearted activities for children; aimed at...
BLACK HISTORY MONTH - Cued In
Below are a few ideas for lessons or units along with appropriate resources constructed specifically for choral classes during Black History Month.
Reading Recommendations for Black History Month
In honor of Black History Month, EBSCO librarian Kendal Spires curated a list of relevant reading recommendations from the Core Collections. These titles vary in age range and reading level, …
Learning about Forests (LEAF) Monthly Planning Guide for …
Feb 6, 2024 · Activity 4: Celebrating STEM Leaders During Black History Month . Middle and High School ; 1. Activity 1: Understanding Forests and Climate Change ; 2. Activity 2: Map the Trees …
Learning about Forests (LEAF) Monthly Planning Guide for …
Feb 6, 2024 · Black History Month | International : Day of Girls and Women in Science (11) | Frederick Douglass Day (14) Mentoring Moment Suggestion : ... Middle and High School ; 1. …
A resource guide for middle school teachers - Poetry …
invites you to celebrate Black History Month through the rich legacy of African-American poetry. Discover the work of poets past and present, whose voices move us all to continue to dream. …
DECATUR PUBLIC SCHOOL DISTRICT #61 BOARD OF …
Black History Month-Middle School Students developed an Arts-based lesson in their content area (Math, S.S., ELA, Science)-Middle School Students spent the entire morning traveling between …
Learning about Forests (LEAF) Monthly Planning Guide for …
Feb 6, 2024 · Activity 4: Celebrating STEM Leaders During Black History Month . Middle and High School ; 1. Activity 1: Understanding Forests and Climate Change ; 2. Activity 2: Map the Trees …
Learning about Forests (LEAF) Monthly Planning Guide for …
Feb 6, 2024 · Activity 4: Celebrating STEM Leaders During Black History Month . Middle and High School ; 1. Activity 1: Understanding Forests and Climate Change ; 2. Activity 2: Map the Trees …
SUMNER G. WHITTIER SCHOOL COUNCIL MEETING
Feb 9, 2024 · 7. Equity Team’s Impact on Black History Month 8. Middle School Basketball “March Madness” Tournament; Feb. 16th - March 28th 9. Social Emotional Learning - Paths …
Black History Month Project Ideas For Students - Google Docs
Black History Month Project Ideas For High School List of top Black History Month Project Ideas High School: Arts and Culture Projects 1. Design a museum exhibit about the Harlem …
Learning about Forests (LEAF) Monthly Planning Guide for …
Feb 6, 2024 · Black History Month | International : Day of Girls and Women in Science (11) | Frederick Douglass Day (14) Mentoring Moment Suggestion : ... Middle and High School ; 1. …
Learning about Forests (LEAF) Monthly Planning Guide for …
Feb 6, 2024 · Black History Month | International : Day of Girls and Women in Science (11) | Frederick Douglass Day (14) Mentoring Moment Suggestion : ... Middle and High School ; 1. …
DR. KATHLEEN DAVIS, INTERIM SUPERINTENDENT OF …
UTICA CITY SCHOOL DISTRICT’S RAIDER REVIEW / Issue 08 / February 26, 2024 School celebrating black history month by showcasing black history makers. The bulletin board …
Learning about Forests (LEAF) Monthly Planning Guide for …
Feb 6, 2024 · Activity 4: Celebrating STEM Leaders During Black History Month . Middle and High School ; 1. Activity 1: Understanding Forests and Climate Change ; 2. Activity 2: Map the Trees …
Learning about Forests (LEAF) Monthly Planning Guide for …
Feb 6, 2024 · Activity 4: Celebrating STEM Leaders During Black History Month . Middle and High School ; 1. Activity 1: Understanding Forests and Climate Change ; 2. Activity 2: Map the Trees …
Learning about Forests (LEAF) Monthly Planning Guide for …
Feb 6, 2024 · Black History Month | International : Day of Girls and Women in Science (11) | Frederick Douglass Day (14) Mentoring Moment Suggestion : ... Middle and High School ; 1. …
DR. KATHLEEN DAVIS, INTERIM SUPERINTENDENT OF …
UTICA CITY SCHOOL DISTRICT’S RAIDER REVIEW / Issue 08 / February 26, 2024 School celebrating black history month by showcasing black history makers. The bulletin board …
Learning about Forests (LEAF) Monthly Planning Guide for …
Feb 6, 2024 · Black History Month | International : Day of Girls and Women in Science (11) | Frederick Douglass Day (14) Mentoring Moment Suggestion : ... Middle and High School ; 1. …
Learning about Forests (LEAF) Monthly Planning Guide for …
Feb 6, 2024 · Black History Month | International : Day of Girls and Women in Science (11) | Frederick Douglass Day (14) Mentoring Moment Suggestion : ... Middle and High School ; 1. …
Florida’s State Academic Standards – Social Studies, 2023
Community, Black Seminoles, Fort Gadsden, Lincolnville, Eatonville). 6-8 African American History Strand SS.68.AA.1 Understand the causes, courses and consequences of the slave …
Learning about Forests (LEAF) Monthly Planning Guide for …
Feb 6, 2024 · Activity 4: Celebrating STEM Leaders During Black History Month . Middle and High School ; 1. Activity 1: Understanding Forests and Climate Change ; 2. Activity 2: Map the Trees …
Learning about Forests (LEAF) Monthly Planning Guide for …
Feb 6, 2024 · Black History Month | International : Day of Girls and Women in Science (11) | Frederick Douglass Day (14) Mentoring Moment Suggestion : ... Middle and High School ; 1. …
Learning about Forests (LEAF) Monthly Planning Guide for …
Feb 6, 2024 · Black History Month | International : Day of Girls and Women in Science (11) | Frederick Douglass Day (14) Mentoring Moment Suggestion : ... Middle and High School ; 1. …
Learning about Forests (LEAF) Monthly Planning Guide for …
Feb 6, 2024 · Black History Month | International : Day of Girls and Women in Science (11) | Frederick Douglass Day (14) Mentoring Moment Suggestion : ... Middle and High School ; 1. …
Learning about Forests (LEAF) Monthly Planning Guide for …
Feb 6, 2024 · Black History Month | International : Day of Girls and Women in Science (11) | Frederick Douglass Day (14) Mentoring Moment Suggestion : ... Middle and High School ; 1. …
Awareness Dates July 2024 – June 2025 - School counselor
National Mentoring Month National Thank You Month FEB.25 Black History Month Career and Technical Education Month Gap Year Awareness Month International Boost Self-Esteem …
Learning about Forests (LEAF) Monthly Planning Guide for …
Feb 6, 2024 · Black History Month | International : Day of Girls and Women in Science (11) | Frederick Douglass Day (14) Mentoring Moment Suggestion : ... Middle and High School ; 1. …
Learning about Forests (LEAF) Monthly Planning Guide for …
Feb 6, 2024 · Black History Month | International : Day of Girls and Women in Science (11) | Frederick Douglass Day (14) Mentoring Moment Suggestion : ... Middle and High School ; 1. …
Learning about Forests (LEAF) Monthly Planning Guide for …
Feb 6, 2024 · Black History Month | International : Day of Girls and Women in Science (11) | Frederick Douglass Day (14) Mentoring Moment Suggestion : ... Middle and High School ; 1. …
Black History 3D Project: Diorama
Black History 3D Project: Diorama February is Black History Month and in celebration of Black History Month we are doing a Diorama instead of Poster Boards. Below are all the directions …
Black History Month Resources - defendinged.org
Title Source Description Site Teaching Amanda Gorman’s “TheHillWe Climb” PBS(grades 6-12) Lessonplansfor exploringthe poet’sworkfrom theinauguration.
Black History Month resources - Northern Illinois Annual …
Includes guide. Age: Middle school - Adult. 31 Minutes. CHISHOLM '72 - UNBOUGHT AND UNBOSSED (103148) Author: Lynch, Shola. Recalling a watershed event in US politics, this …
Black History Month 2021 Baywood - smcoe.org
Title: Black History Month 2021 Baywood Author: Deborah Robert Keywords "DAEU6Il7p-k,BAENt-1FUis" Created Date: 20210201195246Z
NJSA ’s National Monthly elebrations
• 20 Pertinent Classroom Resources For Black History Month • A-Z List of Black Inventors: Share an Inventor a Day in your Afterschool Program • Black History 2021–Unsung Black Heroes: …
C.C. Mellor Memorial Library | www.ccmellorlibrary.org …
Celebrate Black History Month! Middle Grade Books Legacy: ... Middle Grade * A School Library Journal Best Book of the Year, Nonfiction* Unspeakable: ... Timelines from Black History: …
HS AFRICAN AMERICAN STUDIES CURRICULUM - Middle …
Middle Township High School Grade Level (9-12) ... Final Project – Black History Month Spotlight presentation 6.2.9-11 6.3.9-14 6.4.9-13 1 week . African American Studies Middle Township …
Welcome! W - Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine
a. Negro History Week b. Negro History Month c. Black History Year d. It has always been Black History Month. 18. Why was Black History Month placed in February? a. It was the shortest …
Black History Month Poems “I, Too” by Langston Hughes
Black is Black is as beautiful as a bed of milky white clouds. Black is as beautiful as soft as a newborn baby hair. Black is as beautiful as standing up for what is right. Black is as beautiful …
Black History in School Counseling-3-4-21
Garrett Middle School Alicia Oglesby Director of Counseling Bishop McNamara High School Semone Olive School Counselor Kosciusko School District Indra Lyn Owens ... Black History in …
Why Do We Still Need Black History Month - RIDB Grade 6
Resources Ki d s E x p l a i n B l a ck Hi s t o r y Mo nt h ( 2 : 0 8 ) Why D o We St i l l N e e d B l a ck Hi s t o r y Mo nt h? ( 2 : 2 2 )
Learning about Forests (LEAF) Monthly Planning Guide for …
Feb 6, 2024 · Black History Month | International : Day of Girls and Women in Science (11) | Frederick Douglass Day (14) Mentoring Moment Suggestion : ... Middle and High School ; 1. …
The Chilhowee Eagle Talk - knoxschools.org
Fifth graders are researching people for Black History Month for ELA/ Social Studies. In math and science, students will be learning about Katherine Johnson and doing a STEM activity to …
The Chilhowee Eagle Talk - knoxschools.org
Fifth graders are researching people for Black History Month for ELA/ Social Studies. In math and science, students will be learning about Katherine Johnson and doing a STEM activity to …
2025–2026 Calendar/Calendario
October/Octubre 21: Middle School / Escuelas intermedias October/Octuber 23: Elementary School / Escuelas primarias Spring/Primavera: January/Enero 26: ... Black History Month 3 …
Women’s History Month Resource Guide - ACSA Resource Hub
Women’s History Month Resource Guide - Curated by Michael R. Tapia – Spring 2024 Organizations/Websites Offering Resources (Partial List) Anti-Defamation League www.adl.org …
Awareness Dates July 2024 – June 2025 - School counselor
National Mentoring Month National Thank You Month FEB.25 Black History Month Career and Technical Education Month Gap Year Awareness Month International Boost Self-Esteem …
Black History 103 - Education World
Black History 103 Name _____ DIRECTIONS: Read each clue below. Each clue tells about a famous black American on the list at the bottom of the page. Use the list to connect to a short …
Black History Character Bios - Laura Candler
Black History Month is celebrated in February, and students are often tasked with researching a famous African American and writing a report to share what they learned. Unfortunately, many …
Black History Quiz Bowl Study Guide, Round One (Grades K-2)
14. Who was the first Black woman in outer space? a. Mae Jemison 15. When was the 13th Amendment passed? a. 1865 16. Which actress was the first Black woman to win an Oscar for …
Awareness Dates July 2024 – June 2025 - School counselor
National Mentoring Month National Thank You Month FEB.25 Black History Month Career and Technical Education Month Gap Year Awareness Month International Boost Self-Esteem …
Black History Month Resource Toolkit - Espace pédagogique
M O V I E D I S C U S S I O N G U I D E S * G r e e n B o o k : 2 h o u r s 1 0 m i n u t e s – A w o r k i n g c l a s s w h i t e m a n i s h i r e d
