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black history richmond va: Black History Debra Newman Ham, 1984 |
black history richmond va: Richmond, Virginia Elvatrice Parker Belsches, 2002 Richmond, Virginia boasts a proud legacy of achievement among its African-American residents. Known as the birthplace of black capitalism, Richmond had at the turn of the 20th century one of the largest black business districts in America. Medical pioneers, civil rights activists, education leaders, and enterprising bankers are listed among the city's African-American sons and daughters. As individuals these men and women made their mark not only on Richmond's, but also the nation's, history. As a community, they have endured centuries of change and worked together for the common good. In their determined faces and in unforgettable scenes of the past, we celebrate and pay tribute to their history. |
black history richmond va: The Virginia Landmarks Register Calder Loth, 1999 The Virginia Landmarks Register, fourth edition, will create for the reader a deeper awareness of a unique legacy and will serve to enhance the stewardship of Virginia's irreplaceable heritage. |
black history richmond va: Rearing Wolves to Our Own Destruction Midori Takagi, 2000-06-29 RICHMOND WAS NOT only the capital of Virginia and of the Confederacy; it was also one of the most industrialized cities south of the Mason-Dixon Line. Boasting ironworks, tobacco processing plants, and flour mills, the city by 1860 drew half of its male workforce from the local slave population. Rearing Wolves to Our Own Destruction examines this unusual urban labor system from 1782 until the end of the Civil War. Many urban bondsmen and women were hired to businesses rather than working directly for their owners. As a result, they frequently had the opportunity to negotiate their own contracts, to live alone, and to keep a portion of their wages in cash. Working conditions in industrial Richmond enabled African-American men and women to build a community organized around family networks, black churches, segregated neighborhoods, secret societies, and aid organizations. Through these institutions, Takagi demonstrates, slaves were able to educate themselves and to develop their political awareness. They also came to expect a degree of control over their labor and lives. Richmond's urban slave system offered blacks a level of economic and emotional support not usually available to plantation slaves. Rearing Wolves to Our Own Destruction offers a valuable portrait of urban slavery in an individual city that raises questions about the adaptability of slavery as an institution to an urban setting and, more importantly, the ways in which slaves were able to turn urban working conditions to their own advantage. |
black history richmond va: Built by Blacks Selden Richardson, 2008 The Alliance to Conserve Old Richmond Neighborhoods, Richmond, Virginia. |
black history richmond va: A Guidebook to Virginia's African American Historical Markers Department of Historic Resources, Jennifer R. Loux, James K. Hare, Matthew Paul Gottlieb, 2019-07-26 Virginia encompasses this nation's longest continuous experience of Afro-American life and culture, esteemed scholar Armstead L. Robinson has written. This book offers both highway and armchair travelers the first published guide to the locations and texts of more than three hundred state historical highway markers recalling significant people, places, and events in Virginia's African American history. Published to coincide with the 2019 commemoration of the first documented arrival of Africans to present-day Virginia in 1619, A Guidebook to Virginia's African American Historical Markers showcases topics of state and national significance, spanning the colonial era through the mid-1960s and the civil rights movement. Nearly all of these markers were approved by the Virginia Board of Historic Resources within the past forty years, through early 2019, thereby enlarging the sweep and scope of the nation's oldest statewide historical highway marker program. |
black history richmond va: We Face the Dawn Margaret Edds, 2018-02-06 The decisive victories in the fight for racial equality in America were not easily won, much less inevitable; they were achieved through carefully conceived strategy and the work of tireless individuals dedicated to this most urgent struggle. In We Face the Dawn, Margaret Edds tells the gripping story of how the South's most significant grassroots legal team challenged the barriers of racial segregation in mid-century America. Virginians Oliver Hill and Spottswood Robinson initiated and argued one of the five cases that combined into the landmark Brown v. Board of Education, but their influence extends far beyond that momentous ruling. They were part of a small brotherhood, headed by social-justice pioneer Thurgood Marshall and united largely through the Howard Law School, who conceived and executed the NAACP’s assault on racial segregation in education, transportation, housing, and voting. Hill and Robinson’s work served as a model for southern states and an essential underpinning for Brown. When the Virginia General Assembly retaliated with laws designed to disbar the two lawyers and discredit the NAACP, they defiantly carried the fight to the United States Supreme Court and won. At a time when numerous schools have resegregated and the prospects of many minority children appear bleak, Hill and Robinson’s remarkably effective campaign against various forms of racial segregation can inspire a new generation to embrace educational opportunity as the birthright of every American child. |
black history richmond va: Virginia Landmarks of Black History Calder Loth, 1995 The buildings they constructed, the churches in which they worshiped and the schools in they studies preserve the story of these contributions. |
black history richmond va: The Color of Their Skin Robert A. Pratt, 1992 By choosing this subtler form of defiance, city officials were able, in effect, to stave off integration for nearly two decades. The Color of Their Skin also covers Richmond politics concerning the issue. The clash of conservative idealogues such as James J. Kilpatrick and former governor Mills Godwin with activist black attorneys like Oliver W. Hill and Samuel W. Tucker bred a conservatively moderate element that was represented on the Richmond school board by the likes of board president (and later Supreme Court Justice) Lewis F. Powell. Powell attempted to chart a course between the extreme factions, a course that Pratt accurately describes as tokenism, since only a handful of blacks was ever admitted to Richmond's schools until the 1970 school busing decree. Pratt demonstrates how the impact of school desegregation was felt beyond the schools, in the demographics of the city itself. |
black history richmond va: The Harvard Guide to African-American History Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham, 2001 Compiles information and interpretations on the past 500 years of African American history, containing essays on historical research aids, bibliographies, resources for womens' issues, and an accompanying CD-ROM providing bibliographical entries. |
black history richmond va: Race Man Ann Field Alexander, 2002 Although he has largely receded from the public consciousness, John Mitchell Jr., the editor and publisher of the Richmond Planet, was well known to many black, and not a few white, Americans in his day. A contemporary of Booker T. Washington, Mitchell contrasted sharply with Washington in temperament. In his career as an editor, politician, and businessman, Mitchell followed the trajectory of optimism, bitter disappointment, and retrenchment that characterized African American life in the Reconstruction and Jim Crow South. Best known for his crusade against lynching in the 1880s, Mitchell was also involved in a number of civil rights crusades that seem more contemporary to the 1950s and 1960s than the turn of that century. He led a boycott against segregated streetcars in 1904 and fought residential segregation in Richmond in 1911. His political career included eight years on the Richmond city council, which ended with disenfranchisement in 1896. As Jim Crow strengthened its hold on the South, Mitchell, like many African American leaders, turned to creating strong financial institutions within the black community. He became a bank president and urged Planet readers to comport themselves as gentlemen, but a year after he ran for governor in 1921, Mitchell's fortunes suffered a drastic reversal. His bank failed, and he was convicted of fraud and sentenced to three years in the state penitentiary. The conviction was overturned on technicalities, but the so-called reforms that allowed state regulation of black businesses had done their worst, and Mitchell died in poverty and some disgrace. Basing her portrait on thorough primary research conducted over several decades, Ann Field Alexander brings Mitchell to life in all his complexity and contradiction, a combative, resilient figure of protest and accommodation who epitomizes the African American experience in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. |
black history richmond va: Historical Dictionary of the Old South William Lee Richter, 2013 The South played a prominent role in early American history, and its position was certainly strong and proud except for the peculiar institution of slavery. Thus, it drew away from the rest of an expanding nation, and in 1861 declared secession and developed a Confederacy... that ultimately lost the war. Indeed, for some time it was occupied. Thus, the South has a very mixed legacy, with good and bad aspects, and sometimes the two of them mixed. Which only enhances the need for a careful and balanced approach. This can be found in the Historical Dictionary of the Old South, which first traces its history from colonial times to the end of the Civil War in a substantial chronology. Particularly interesting is the introduction, which analyzes the rise and the fall, the good and the bad, as well as the middling and indifferent, over nigh on two centuries. The details are filled in very amply in over 600 dictionary entries on the politics, economy, society and culture of the Old South. An ample bibliography directs students and researchers toward other sources of information. |
black history richmond va: Insiders' Guide® to Richmond, VA Maureen Egan, 2010-09-14 Insiders' Guide to Richmond is the essential source for in-depth travel and relocation information to Virginia's capital city. Written by a local (and true insider), this guide offers a personal and practical perspective of Richmondand its surrounding environs. |
black history richmond va: Black Enterprise , 1992-09 BLACK ENTERPRISE is the ultimate source for wealth creation for African American professionals, entrepreneurs and corporate executives. Every month, BLACK ENTERPRISE delivers timely, useful information on careers, small business and personal finance. |
black history richmond va: Biographical Supplement and Index David M. P. Freund, 1997-04-24 The 10 volumes of The Young Oxford History of African Americans describe how black Americans shaped and changed the history of this nation. Starting in 1502, more than a century before the day in 1619 when 19 Africans stepped off a Dutch ship in Jamestown, Virginia, the series ends with the relationship between West Indian immigrants and African Americans in large cities like New York in the late 20th century.This ready reference provides the perfect ending to a comprehensive history of African Americans. Included are the master index for the series and an extensive list of historic sites and museums related to the history of African Americans. The bulk of the volume, however, contains the personal histories of many of the people who appear in the previous 10 volumes. Each biography takes a close look at the famous and the lesser-known, revealing the backgrounds, experiences, and contributions of African Americans who were involved in the key events in American history. In addition to well-known facts, the biographies include much here that will surprise and fascinate readers. Muhammad Ali's brash and playful public persona earned him the nickname the Louisville Lip; Bill Cosby got his start while working in a Philadelphia coffee-house; and Madam C. J. Walker owned a mail-order and beauty school company that became one of the most profitable independently-owned businesses in the country around 1910. The portraits are as varied as the history itself, setting former slaves next to committed civil rights workers, prize-winning poets next to successful politicians.Volume 11 of The Young Oxford History of African Americans completes the fascinating and compelling story of nearly five centuries of African-American history. It is an exceptional resource for young adults and all who value the remarkable accomplishments of African Americans. |
black history richmond va: The Black Studies Reader Jacqueline Bobo, Cynthia Hudley, Claudine Michel, 2004-05-15 First published in 2004. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company. |
black history richmond va: The Collapse of Richmond's Church Hill Tunnel Walter S. Griggs Jr., 2011-10-18 Explore the facts and mysteries surrounding the history and collapse of Richmond, Virginia's Church Hill Tunnel. A must for fans of railroad and Richmond history. Richmond, the capital of the Confederacy, was in shambles after the Civil War. The bulk of Reconstruction became dependent on the railways, and one of the most important links in the system was the Church Hill Tunnel. The tunnel was eventually rendered obsolete by an alternative path over a viaduct, and it was closed for regular operation in 1902. However, the city still used it infrequently to transport supplies, and it was maintained with regular safety inspections. The city decided to reopen the tunnel in 1925 due to overcrowding on the viaduct, but the tunnel needed to be strengthened and enlarged. On October 2, 1925, 190 ft. of the tunnel unexpectedly caved in, trapping construction workers and an entire locomotive inside. In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in the tunnel and the mystery surrounding its collapse. There were cave-ins and sink holes above the surface for decades after the tunnel was sealed up, and in 1998, a reporter from the Richmond Times-Dispatch did an investigation, trying to determine the current condition of the tunnel. In 2006, the Virginia Historical Society announced its efforts to try and excavate the locomotive and remaining bodies. |
black history richmond va: The Life & Legacy of Enslaved Virginian Emily Winfree Dr. Jan Meck, Virginia Refo, 2021-11-01 Left destitute after the Civil War by the death of David Winfree, her former master and the father of her children, Emily Winfree underwent unimaginable hardships to keep her family together. Living with them in the tiny cottage he had given her, she worked menial jobs to make ends meet until the children were old enough to contribute. Her sacrifices enabled the successes of many of her descendants. Authors Jan Meck and Virginia Refo tell the true story of this remarkable African American woman who lived through enslavement, war, Reconstruction and Jim Crow in Central Virginia. The book is enriched with copies of many original documents, as well as personal recollections from a great-granddaughter of Emily's. The story concludes with pictures and biographies of some of her descendants. |
black history richmond va: Striving for Perfection Gerald D. Curry, 2013-04 The success of today's military officers rests squarely on the shoulders of the men and women of the past. In Striving for Perfection, author Gerald D. Curry, a former US Airforce Colonel, reaches back through the annals of history to help today's professional military officers navigate a successful career. Curry shares rarely known insights on historical accomplishments from every major war in US history, from the Revolutionary War through the Global War on Terrorism. He pulls unique examples of success strategies, cultural understandings, and sage advice from African American servicemen and women who have worn the uniform. Striving for Perfection goes beyond the typical leadership principles by offering significant experiences told from an African American perspective from the only people deliberately brought to America for the sole purpose of servitude. Curry shows how black American patriots consistently looked beyond their current circumstances and served gallantly while seeking equality and social justice. This guide describes the barriers that have existed within most African American communities, and it narrates how these neighborhoods continually birth great leaders. Although geared toward military professionals, Striving for Perfection can help all leaders in any profession who supervise and work with African Americans. Introducing proven success strategies, it provides a better understanding of diversity and inclusion. |
black history richmond va: African Americans of Henrico County Brenda Dabney Nichols, 2010-01-01 Henrico County, chartered in 1634, is one of the oldest counties in the state. Communities in Henrico created by African Americans are among the oldest continuing communities in America, as all of these communities were settled by 1863. The beauty of the settlements lay in the tenacity, determination, and resolve of pioneers who emerged from enslavement to create their own ideas of freedom. Rights to home and property ownership, businesses, churches, agencies, and schools defined the very essence of community. Despite efforts to halt their progress, African Americans independently sustained these communities. In Images of America: African Americans of Henrico County, nine communities are highlighted to demonstrate the indefatigable and indomitable spirit that continues to exist in these sacred places. |
black history richmond va: Richmond's Unhealed History Benjamin P. Campbell, 2012 In a detailed look at the history of Richmond, Benjamin Campbell examines the contradictions and crises that have formed the city over more than four centuries. Campbell argues that the community of metropolitan Richmond is engaged in a decisive spiritual battle in the coming decade. He believes the city, more than any in the nation, has the potential for an unprecedented and historic achievement. Its citizens can redeem and fulfill the ideals of their ancestors, proving to the world that race and class can be conquered by the deliberate and prayerful intention of honest and dedicated citizens. |
black history richmond va: Presumed Criminal Carl Suddler, 2020-09-01 A startling examination of the deliberate criminalization of black youths from the 1930s to today A stark disparity exists between black and white youth experiences in the justice system today. Black youths are perceived to be older and less innocent than their white peers. When it comes to incarceration, race trumps class, and even as black youths articulate their own experiences with carceral authorities, many Americans remain surprised by the inequalities they continue to endure. In this revealing book, Carl Suddler brings to light a much longer history of the policies and strategies that tethered the lives of black youths to the justice system indefinitely. The criminalization of black youth is inseparable from its racialized origins. In the mid-twentieth century, the United States justice system began to focus on punishment, rather than rehabilitation. By the time the federal government began to address the issue of juvenile delinquency, the juvenile justice system shifted its priorities from saving delinquent youth to purely controlling crime, and black teens bore the brunt of the transition. In New York City, increased state surveillance of predominantly black communities compounded arrest rates during the post–World War II period, providing justification for tough-on-crime policies. Questionable police practices, like stop-and-frisk, combined with media sensationalism, cemented the belief that black youth were the primary cause for concern. Even before the War on Crime, the stakes were clear: race would continue to be the crucial determinant in American notions of crime and delinquency, and black youths condemned with a stigma of criminality would continue to confront the overwhelming power of the state. |
black history richmond va: Publication , 1994 |
black history richmond va: African American Entrepreneurship in Richmond, 1890-1940 Michael A. Plater, 1996 First Published in 1997. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company. |
black history richmond va: Grave History Kami Fletcher, Ashley Towle, 2023-12-15 Grave sites not only offer the contemporary viewer the physical markers of those remembered but also a wealth of information about the era in which the cemeteries were created. These markers hold keys to our historical past and allow an entry point of interrogation about who is represented, as well as how and why. Grave History is the first volume to use southern cemeteries to interrogate and analyze southern society and the construction of racial and gendered hierarchies from the antebellum period through the dismantling of Jim Crow. Through an analysis of cemeteries throughout the South—including Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, and Virginia, from the nineteenth through twenty-first centuries—this volume demonstrates the importance of using the cemetery as an analytical tool for examining power relations, community formation, and historical memory. Grave History draws together an interdisciplinary group of scholars, including historians, anthropologists, archaeologists, and social-justice activists to investigate the history of racial segregation in southern cemeteries and what it can tell us about how ideas regarding race, class, and gender were informed and reinforced in these sacred spaces. Each chapter is followed by a learning activity that offers readers an opportunity to do the work of a historian and apply the insights gleaned from this book to their own analysis of cemeteries. These activities, designed for both the teacher and the student, as well as the seasoned and the novice cemetery enthusiast, encourage readers to examine cemeteries for their physical organization, iconography, sociodemographic landscape, and identity politics. |
black history richmond va: Cumulative List of Organizations Described in Section 170 (c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 , 1990 |
black history richmond va: Where These Memories Grow W. Fitzhugh Brundage, 2015-12-01 Southerners are known for their strong sense of history. But the kinds of memories southerners have valued--and the ways in which they have preserved, transmitted, and revitalized those memories--have been as varied as the region's inhabitants themselves. This collection presents fresh and innovative perspectives on how southerners across two centuries and from Texas to North Carolina have interpreted their past. Thirteen contributors explore the workings of historical memory among groups as diverse as white artisans in early-nineteenth-century Georgia, African American authors in the late nineteenth century, and Louisiana Cajuns in the twentieth century. In the process, they offer critical insights for understanding the many communities that make up the American South. As ongoing controversies over the Confederate flag, the Alamo, and depictions of slavery at historic sites demonstrate, southern history retains the power to stir debate. By placing these and other conflicts over the recalled past into historical context, this collection will deepen our understanding of the continuing significance of history and memory for southern regional identity. Contributors: Bruce E. Baker Catherine W. Bishir David W. Blight Holly Beachley Brear W. Fitzhugh Brundage Kathleen Clark Michele Gillespie John Howard Gregg D. Kimball Laurie F. Maffly-Kipp C. Brenden Martin Anne Sarah Rubin Stephanie E. Yuhl |
black history richmond va: Historic Black Settlements of Ohio David Meyers, Elise Meyers Walker, 2020-02-03 In the years leading up to the Civil War, Ohio had more African American settlements than any other state. Owing to a common border with several slave states, it became a destination for people of color seeking to separate themselves from slavery. Despite these communities having populations that sometimes numbered in the hundreds, little is known about most of them, and by the beginning of the twentieth century, nearly all had lost their ethnic identities as the original settlers died off and their descendants moved away. Save for scattered cemeteries and an occasional house or church, they have all but been erased from Ohio's landscape. Father-daughter coauthors David Meyers and Elise Meyers Walker piece together the stories of more than forty of these black settlements. |
black history richmond va: Jet , 1995-07-10 The weekly source of African American political and entertainment news. |
black history richmond va: Profiles of African American Stage Performers and Theatre People, 1816-1960 Bernard L. Peterson Jr., 2000-10-30 This directory includes over 500 African American performers and theater people who have made a significant contribution to the American stage from the early 19th century to the beginning of the civil rights movement of the 1960s. Entries provide succinct biographical and theatrical information gathered from a variety of sources including library theater and drama collections, dissertations and theses, newspaper and magazine reviews and criticism, theater programs, theatrical memoirs, and earlier performing arts directories. Among the professional artists included in this volume are performers, librettists, lyricists, directors, producers, choreographers, stage managers, and musicians. The individuals profiled represent almost every major category and genre of the professional, semiprofessional, regional, and academic stage including minstrelsy, vaudeville, musical theater, and drama. Persons of historical significance are included as well as those stars and theatrical personalities that were well known during their time but who are relatively forgotten today. This comprehensive volume will appeal to theater and musical theater, Black studies, and American studies scholars. Cross-referenced throughout, this reference also includes an extensive bibliography and appendices of other theater personalities excluded from the main text. Separate indexes list the personalities, teams and partnerships, and performing groups, organizations, and companies. |
black history richmond va: African American Architects Dreck Spurlock Wilson, 2004-03-01 African-American architects have been designing and building houses and public buildings since 1865. Although many of these structures survive today, the architects themselves are virtually unknown. This unique reference work brings their lives and work to light for the first time. Written by 100 experts ranging from architectural historians to archivists, this book contains 160 biographical, A-Z entries on African-American architects from the era of Emancipation to the end of World War II. Articles provide biographical facts about each architect, and commentary on his or her work. Practical and accessible, this reference is complemented by over 200 photographs and includes an appendix containing a list of buildings by geographic location and by architect. |
black history richmond va: Jet , 2006-02-13 The weekly source of African American political and entertainment news. |
black history richmond va: Making the American Dream Work Lauranett Lee, 2008-08-01 What can a small industrial city in Virginia named Hopewell tell us about its experiment in possibilities? Located at the intersection of the Appomattox and James Rivers, this wondrous place was poised to yield the greatest hope ever. From America's founding years to the twenty-first century Hopewell's historic sights and the stories that citizens tell about their lives provide glimpses into an ever changing landscape that embodies all the American dream has come to symbolize. |
black history richmond va: Jet , 1979-08-16 The weekly source of African American political and entertainment news. |
black history richmond va: Corporate and Foundation Grants , 1992 |
black history richmond va: Cumulative List of Organizations Described in Section 170 (c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 , 2003 |
black history richmond va: Black Union Soldiers in the Civil War Hondon B. Hargrove, 2003-10-03 This book refutes the historical slander that blacks did not fight for their emancipation from slavery. At first harshly rejected in their attempts to enlist in the Union army, blacks were eventually accepted into the service--often through the efforts of individual generals who, frustrated with bureaucratic inaction in the face of dwindling forces, overrode orders from the secretary of war and the president himself. By the end of the war, black soldiers had numbered over 187,000 and served in 167 regiments. Seventeen were awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor, the nation's highest award for valor. Theirs was a remarkable achievement whose full story is here told for the first time. |
black history richmond va: Black Confederates and Afro-Yankees in Civil War Virginia Ervin L. Jordan, 1995 A study of the role of Afro-Virginians in the Civil War. |
black history richmond va: Death and Rebirth in a Southern City Ryan K. Smith, 2020-11-17 A brilliant example of public history, Death and Rebirth in a Southern City reveals how cemeteries can frame changes in politics and society across time. |
black history richmond va: The Black Laws Stephen Middleton, 2005 Beginning in 1803, and continuing for several decades, the Ohio legislature enacted what came to be known as the Black Laws. Stephen Middleton tells the story of this racial oppression in Ohio and provides chilling episodes of how blacks asserted their freedom from the enactment of the Black Laws until the adoption of the Fourteenth Amendment. |
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