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| chips and science act of 2022 pdf: Pioneering Progress William B. Bonvillian, 2024-10-29 An expert exploration of the foundations of America’s science and technology policies, and the dynamics of its innovation system. Why study science and technology policy? What role does innovation play, and how do we foster it? Economics tells us technological innovation drives economic growth and societal well-being, but technology is always a double-edged sword—great technological advances offer both opportunities and threats. In Pioneering Progress, William Bonvillian explains the complex science and technology innovation system and discusses the challenges of emerging industrial policies. Drawing on in-depth case studies on critical areas such as energy, computing, advanced manufacturing, and health, with an emphasis on the needed public policy and the federal government R&D role in those systems, Bonvillian reviews the foundations of economic growth theory, innovation systems theory, and innovation organization theory. Bonvillian, a highly respected expert who has worked as a deputy assistant secretary of transportation in the federal government and a senior advisor in Congress, reviews a new theory of direct and indirect economic factors in the innovation system. He describes the innovation-based competitive and advanced manufacturing challenges now facing the US economy, reviews comparative efforts in other nations, studies the varied models for how federal science and technology mission agencies are organized, and explores the growth of public-private partnership and industrial policy models as a way for science mission agencies to pursue mission agendas. Pioneering Progress places particular emphasis on the organization and role of medical science and energy innovation agencies and how we can address the gaps in the health, energy, and advanced production innovation economic models. |
| chips and science act of 2022 pdf: The Everything Blueprint James Ashton, 2023-05-11 **A Financial Times Best Summer Book 2023** Out now: a gripping look at the rise of the microchip and the British tech company behind the blueprint to it all. 'A gripping and inspiring read.' Sir James Dyson 'A revealing and insightful biography of the company whose blueprints define the digital world.' Chris Miller, author of CHIP WAR: The Fight for the World's Most Critical Technology '[A] sparkly corporate biography.' Financial Times __________ One tiny device lies at the heart of the world's relentless technological advance: the microchip. Today, these slivers of silicon are essential to running just about any machine, from household devices and factory production lines to smartphones and cutting-edge weaponry. At the centre of billions of these chips is a blueprint created and nurtured by a single company: Arm. Founded in Cambridge in 1990, Arm's designs have been used an astonishing 250 billion times and counting. The UK's high-tech crown jewel is an indispensable part of a global supply chain driven by American brains and Asian manufacturing brawn that has become the source of rising geopolitical tension. With exclusive interviews and exhaustive research, The Everything Blueprint tells the story of Arm, from humble beginnings to its pivotal role in the mobile phone revolution and now supplying data centres, cars and the supercomputers that harness artificial intelligence. It explores the company's enduring relationship with Apple and numerous other tech titans, plus its multi-billion-pound sale to the one-time richest man in the world, Japan's Masayoshi Son. The Everything Blueprint details the titanic power struggle for control of the microchip, through the eyes of a unique British enterprise that has found itself in the middle of that battle. __________ |
| chips and science act of 2022 pdf: (In)Security: Identifying the Invisible Disruptors of Security Gitanjali Adlakha-Hutcheon, |
| chips and science act of 2022 pdf: Export Restrictions and Export Controls Umair H. Ghori, 2023-12-11 Representing a continuation of the debate on export restrictions and export controls, this adroitly-crafted book expertly navigates the complexities of international trade law. Under the aegis of global security, it features a number of diverse yet interconnected topics on export restrictions and export controls and highlights the multi-faceted trade, economic, and security challenges faced by developed and developing countries. |
| chips and science act of 2022 pdf: Green Superpowers Andrea Prontera, 2024-10-31 Fossil fuels have been key to major powers' foreign policies for a long time. In the context of the current global energy transition, renewables and low-carbon technologies are emerging as elements that can have a similarly important impact on twenty-first century world politics. Green Superpowers: China, the European Union, and the United States in the Global Energy Transition offers an in-depth comparative analysis of the green foreign energy policies and green power strategies of the three main international actors in this transformative process: China, the European Union, and the United States. These green superpowers alone account for about half of global carbon dioxide emissions, which is the primary driver of climate change, and they are frontrunners in the global race for promoting and deploying renewables and innovative low-carbon technologies. To analyse this changing landscape, Prontera combines insights from international political economy, comparative public policy, international relations, and energy policy scholarship. The book develops an original framework for mapping and studying the green foreign energy policies and green power strategies of major international actors and applies this framework to shed light on the recent efforts of China, the European Union, and the US. In doing so, it illustrates the links between the domestic green approaches that these green superpowers are promoting and their external actions regarding renewables and low-carbon technologies, whilst drawing attention to the limits and potential of green power strategies in the transition away from fossil fuels and the struggles to address a mounting climate crisis. |
| chips and science act of 2022 pdf: The End of Engagement David M. McCourt, 2024-09-03 After the Cold War, America's leaders hoped Russia and China could be integrated into the rules-based international order and might even become more like the West. By the late 2010s, their optimism was dead. In The End of Engagement, David M. McCourt traces the intense personal, professional, and policy struggles over China and Russia in U.S. foreign policy since 1989. Drawing on 170 original interviews with America's China and Russia experts--from former policymakers and diplomats to prominent think tankers and academics--McCourt chronicles the rise and recent fall of engagement with Beijing and Moscow. While there are numerous explanations for why America moved away from engagement with China and Russia in the last decade, McCourt shows that none consider how important foreign policy knowledge communities have been in impacting policy. Adopting a unique, sociological perspective, this book offers an intimate look into the world of America's national security experts as they have struggled to make sense of changes in China and Russia and the remaining question of what comes next. |
| chips and science act of 2022 pdf: Public Procurement for Innovation Dolores Kuchina-Musina, Benjamin McMartin, 2024-02-16 In this book, nationally recognized public procurement experts Dolores Kuchina-Musina and Benjamin McMartin present a comprehensive analysis of the alternative contract vehicles used to promote innovation in the United States (US). Kuchina-Musina and McMartin begin by introducing the innovation policy environment in the US, addressing current trends in the workforce, decreased investment in research and development (R&D), and how technology is increasing at a rapid speed. They then go on to discuss key terms and subjects to show how public procurement and innovation policy are tied together. Diving deeper, Kuchina-Musina and McMartin examine the pathways the federal government uses such as the Federal Acquisition Regulations (FAR) part 12 acquisition, a review of the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) programs, and non-FAR-based contract overview with a specific focus on Other Transaction Authorities (OTA). Using the new Department of Defense (DoD) prototype OTA that was enacted in November 2015, Kuchina-Musina and McMartin conclude by presenting a methodology for examining the effectiveness of OTs. Specifically, they show the way the government is evaluating the DoD statute and discussions on some of the additional guidance the DoD uses to implement this authority. Bringing academic literature on innovation policy and applying it to the practitioner environment, Public Procurement for Innovation provide its audience an understanding of models, methods, and techniques the US uses to promote the development of innovative technologies and products. Clearly written and impeccably researched, the book fills a huge void in the literature on public procurement. |
| chips and science act of 2022 pdf: Review of Maritime Transport 2023 United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2023-09-28 The Review of Maritime Transport is an UNCTAD flagship publication, published annually since 1968. Around 80 per cent of the volume of international trade in goods is carried by sea, and the percentage is even higher for most developing countries. The Review of Maritime Transport provides an analysis of structural and cyclical changes affecting seaborne trade, ports and shipping, as well as an extensive collection of statistical information. The report calls for a “just and equitable transition” to a decarbonized shipping industry. The sector, whose greenhouse gas emissions have risen 20% over the last decade, operates an ageing fleet that runs almost exclusively on fossil fuels. As global leaders prepare for the next UN climate conference (COP28), UNCTAD advocates for system-wide collaboration, swift regulatory intervention and stronger investments in green technologies and fleets. Full decarbonization by 2050 will require massive investments and could lead to higher maritime logistics costs, raising concerns for vulnerable shipping-reliant nations like small island developing states. The report emphasizes the need to balance environmental goals with economic needs but underscores that the cost of inaction far outweighs the required investments. The report recommends policy actions to overcome supply chain hurdles African countries face, including poor logistics, low levels of technology, fragmented markets, limited capital sources, and weak institutions and regulations. Beyond cleaner fuels, the industry needs to move faster towards digital solutions like AI and blockchain to improve efficiency as well as sustainability. In its analysis of global maritime trends, the report highlights shipping’s resilience despite major challenges stemming from global crises, such as the war in Ukraine. Maritime trade is expected to grow 2.4% in 2023 and more than 3% between 2024 and 2028. |
| chips and science act of 2022 pdf: The Trump and Harris Doctrines Stanley A. Renshon, |
| chips and science act of 2022 pdf: The Frugal Economy Navi Radjou, 2024-10-01 Humanity's pursuit of greatness meets the reality of finite resources In The Frugal Economy: A Guide to Building a Better World With Less, award-winning author Navi Radjou delivers an incisive and engrossing treatment of how human beings facing climate change can reconcile our built-in drive to “do more” and “be better” with our planet's finite resources. You'll discover how we can thrive within planetary boundaries while achieving sustainable growth for generations to come. In this groundbreaking book, enriched with over 100 inspiring examples, you'll learn how to create greater value with less and find: Practical strategies for doing more with less, benefiting both people and the planet Success stories of businesses fueling transformative megatrends like B2B sharing, distributed manufacturing, and triple regeneration Insights into reshaping economic systems to promote social and ecological harmony Whether you're a businessperson, professional, student, academic, policymaker, regulator, or entrepreneur, you can join the movement towards a sustainable future. Get your copy of The Frugal Economy today and become a catalyst for positive change! |
| chips and science act of 2022 pdf: EU and US Foreign Economic Policy Responses to China Joachim Schild, Dirk Schmidt, 2023-12-19 This book examines EU and US bilateral trade and investment relations with China, their attempts to level the economic playing field and to narrow the ‘reciprocity gap’ in market openness. It explores the extent of EU and US policy change, the underlying factors accounting for this change and compares EU and US foreign economic policy answers to an adversary increasingly perceived as an unfair economic competitor and as a systemic rival. The book covers a broad range of policy areas from ‘trade wars’, trade defense instruments, their reform and use, investment screening, and export control to industrial policies. It makes eclectic use of different strands of International Relations, International Political Economy and Policy Analysis theorizing to account for the extent of, and differences in, the EU and US responses. The People’s Republic of China’s stellar economic and political rise combined with the resilience of its unfair trade practices, its reinforced authoritarian repression at home and its ever more assertive foreign (economic) policy has triggered a shift in perceptions of China, followed by equally profound policy change in the European Union and the US. This book expertly charts and explains this significant shift in stance. This book will be of key interest to scholars, students and practitioners in the fields of EU trade policymaking, US foreign/ foreign economic policy, EU-China-US economic relations, European political economy, and more broadly to European studies, Asian studies, International Relations, International Political Economy, and transatlantic relations. |
| chips and science act of 2022 pdf: The Economics and Law of Public Procurement Annalisa Castelli, Gustavo Piga, Tünde Tátrai, 2024-12-11 Public procurement makes up a significant part of national economies: 10–25% of gross domestic product (GDP), depending on the country. Appropriate laws and regulations are an essential tool to direct the action of procurers towards the public good and avoid corruption and misallocation of resources, while at the same time sustaining progress and social goals. The original approach of this book combines juridical, economic, and technical expertise to find common terrain and a common language in order to debate the specific issues that affect public administrations across the world that need advancing and modernizing. The book features contributions across four specific themes of interest to the procurer’s day-to-day job in modern public purchasing organizations: preferences and political economy in public procurement, climate change, defence procurement, and human rights in public procurement. The aim is to let the new emerging trade-offs between competition and sustainability emerge, highlighting at the same time the possible synergies between the relevant policy objectives. The book takes into account sectoral specificities, reinforced by recent global events such as wars, natural disasters, and populism. The unique format features in each section an interdisciplinary debate between two experts across different disciplines who deliberate and engage one another so as to improve the mutual understanding across disciplines, followed by two additional contributions. This book will be of interest to scholars, researchers, and policymakers worldwide. |
| chips and science act of 2022 pdf: Indo-Pacific Strategies and Foreign Policy Challenges Hyun Ji Rim, James Edward Platte, 2023-06-30 This book examines key issue areas of Indo-Pacific strategies such as cyber security, space security, maritime security, emerging technologies, and institutional frameworks in the context of deepening US–China rivalry. With greater interconnectedness across various fields, the Indo-Pacific region faces greater security challenges including future strategic power competition. States are increasingly engaging in intense strategic activities and strengthening partnerships. The first part of book focuses on the strategic competition between the United States and China in different areas including cyber security, space security, maritime security, emerging technologies, and institutional frameworks. The second part of the book presents the perspectives of different local actors in the regional theatre and the intentions and concepts behind their growing interconnectedness under Indo-Pacific strategies, including China, Russia, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and North Korea. Through examining different aspects of US–Indo-Pacific strategy, this edited book contributes to a better understanding of Indo-Pacific strategy and its implications for broader security cooperation in a more interconnected world. The book will be of interest to scholars and policy makers working on Asian Security, Politics, International Relations, and the security dynamics of East Asia and the Indo-Pacific. |
| chips and science act of 2022 pdf: Four Battlegrounds: Power in the Age of Artificial Intelligence Paul Scharre, 2023-02-28 An NPR 2023 Books We Love Pick One of the Next Big Idea Club's Must-Read Books An invaluable primer to arguably the most important driver of change for our future. —P. W. Singer, author of Burn-In An award-winning defense expert tells the story of today’s great power rivalry—the struggle to control artificial intelligence. A new industrial revolution has begun. Like mechanization or electricity before it, artificial intelligence will touch every aspect of our lives—and cause profound disruptions in the balance of global power, especially among the AI superpowers: China, the United States, and Europe. Autonomous weapons expert Paul Scharre takes readers inside the fierce competition to develop and implement this game-changing technology and dominate the future. Four Battlegrounds argues that four key elements define this struggle: data, computing power, talent, and institutions. Data is a vital resource like coal or oil, but it must be collected and refined. Advanced computer chips are the essence of computing power—control over chip supply chains grants leverage over rivals. Talent is about people: which country attracts the best researchers and most advanced technology companies? The fourth “battlefield” is maybe the most critical: the ultimate global leader in AI will have institutions that effectively incorporate AI into their economy, society, and especially their military. Scharre’s account surges with futuristic technology. He explores the ways AI systems are already discovering new strategies via millions of war-game simulations, developing combat tactics better than any human, tracking billions of people using biometrics, and subtly controlling information with secret algorithms. He visits China’s “National Team” of leading AI companies to show the chilling synergy between China’s government, private sector, and surveillance state. He interviews Pentagon leadership and tours U.S. Defense Department offices in Silicon Valley, revealing deep tensions between the military and tech giants who control data, chips, and talent. Yet he concludes that those tensions, inherent to our democratic system, create resilience and resistance to autocracy in the face of overwhelmingly powerful technology. Engaging and direct, Four Battlegrounds offers a vivid picture of how AI is transforming warfare, global security, and the future of human freedom—and what it will take for democracies to remain at the forefront of the world order. |
| chips and science act of 2022 pdf: Digital Economy Report 2024 United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2024-07-10 The Digital Economy Report 2024 turns the attention to the environmental footprint of digitalization. The Report discusses environmental impacts along the life cycle of digital devices and information and communications technology infrastructure with regard to raw material extraction and processing, manufacturing, distribution; use and the end-of-life phase. The direct effects on natural resources, including transition minerals, energy and water, as well as greenhouse gas emissions and waste-related pollution can be said to constitute the “environmental footprint” of the ICT sector. There are also indirect environmental effects from the use of digital technologies and services in different sectors of the economy, and the Report includes a dedicated chapter on e-commerce. The report underlines the need to maximize the positive impact of digitalization while minimizing the negative impacts on environmental sustainability. |
| chips and science act of 2022 pdf: Historic Documents of 2022 Heather Kerrigan, River Horse Communications, LLC, 2023-09-24 Published annually since 1972, the Historic Documents series has made primary source research easy by presenting excerpts from documents on the important events of each year for the United States and the World. Each volume pairs 60 to 70 original background narratives with well over 100 documents to chronicle the major events of the year, from official reports and surveys to speeches from leaders and opinion makers, to court cases, legislation, testimony, and much more. |
| chips and science act of 2022 pdf: The Tech Coup Marietje Schaake, 2024-09-24 An insider offers a “forceful critique...of Big Tech's steady erosion of democracy” (The New Yorker) and describes what must be done to stop it Over the past decades, under the cover of “innovation,” technology companies have successfully resisted regulation and have even begun to seize power from governments themselves. Facial recognition firms track citizens for police surveillance. Cryptocurrency has wiped out the personal savings of millions and threatens the stability of the global financial system. Spyware companies sell digital intelligence tools to anyone who can afford them. This new reality—where unregulated technology has become a forceful instrument for autocrats around the world—is terrible news for democracies and citizens. In The Tech Coup, Marietje Schaake offers a behind-the-scenes account of how technology companies crept into nearly every corner of our lives and our governments. She takes us beyond the headlines to high-stakes meetings with human rights defenders, business leaders, computer scientists, and politicians to show how technologies—from social media to artificial intelligence—have gone from being heralded as utopian to undermining the pillars of our democracies. To reverse this existential power imbalance, Schaake outlines game-changing solutions to empower elected officials and citizens alike. Democratic leaders can—and must—resist the influence of corporate lobbying and reinvent themselves as dynamic, flexible guardians of our digital world. Drawing on her experiences in the halls of the European Parliament and among Silicon Valley insiders, Schaake offers a frightening look at our modern tech-obsessed world—and a clear-eyed view of how democracies can build a better future before it is too late. |
| chips and science act of 2022 pdf: When Race Trumps Merit Heather Mac Donald, 2023-04-18 Does your workplace have too few black people in top jobs? It’s racist. Does the advanced math and science high school in your city have too many Asians? It’s racist. Does your local museum employ too many white women? It’s racist, too. After the Black Lives Matter protests of 2020, prestigious American institutions, from the medical profession to the fine arts, pleaded guilty to “systemic racism.” How else explain why blacks are overrepresented in prisons and underrepresented in C-suites and faculty lounges, their leaders asked? The official answer for those disparities is “disparate impact,” a once obscure legal theory that is now transforming our world. Any traditional standard of behavior or achievement that impedes exact racial proportionality in any enterprise is now presumed racist. Medical school admissions tests, expectations of scientific accomplishment in the award of research grants, the enforcement of the criminal law—all are under assault, because they have a “disparate impact” on underrepresented minorities. When Race Trumps Merit provides an alternative explanation for those racial disparities. It is large academic skills gaps that cause the lack of proportional representation in our most meritocratic organizations and large differences in criminal offending that account for the racially disproportionate prison population. The need for such a corrective argument could not be more urgent. Federal science agencies now treat researchers’ skin color as a scientific qualification. Museums and orchestras choose which art and music to promote based on race. Police officers avoid making arrests and prosecutors decline to bring charges to avoid disparate impact on minority criminals. When Race Trumps Merit breaks powerful taboos. But it is driven by a sense of alarm, supported by detailed case studies of how disparate-impact thinking is jeopardizing scientific progress, destroying public order, and poisoning the appreciation of art and culture. As long as alleged racism remains the only allowable explanation for racial differences, we will continue tearing down excellence and putting lives, as well as civilizational achievement, at risk. |
| chips and science act of 2022 pdf: Deception Rand Paul, 2023-10-10 Senator Rand Paul was on to Anthony Fauci from the start. Wielding previously unimaginable power, Fauci misled the country about the origins of the Covid pandemic and shut down scientific dissent. One of the few leaders who dared to challenge America’s Doctor was Senator Rand Paul, himself a physician. Deception is his indictment of the catastrophic failures of the public health bureaucracy during the pandemic. Senator Paul presents the evidence that: The Covid virus was likely the product of gain-of-function research at the Wuhan lab in China—research funded in part by the U.S. government. Taxpayer dollars for that research were deceptively funneled to Wuhan without the required regulatory review. Fauci and his scientific yes-men knew from day one about Covid’s origin and tried to cover it up. Fauci and his allies ruthlessly attacked everyone—including highly qualified scientists—who threatened to reveal the truth about the pandemic. Why? Hundreds of millions of dollars of grants and unreported royalties were at stake, and heads would roll if the truth got out. It almost worked. At Fauci’s insistence, the government imposed needlessly extreme lockdowns on Americans at the cost of immense personal and economic destruction. Covid-19 was deadly, but the real killer was the coverup, led by America’s most durable medical bureaucrat—a man for whom the truth was too often expendable. Senator Paul makes a powerful case that funding dangerous bioengineering in a totalitarian country is madness. If we don’t heed this warning, the next pandemic could be far worse. |
| chips and science act of 2022 pdf: The Future of Multilateralism and Globalization in the Age of the U.S.–China Rivalry Norbert Gaillard, Fumihito Gotoh, Rick Michalek, 2023-10-26 Despite the growing consensus that the rise of China is transforming international relations, policy makers and scholars have not sufficiently addressed the geopolitical and geoeconomic implications of a new paradigm, especially since the Covid-19 pandemic and the Russo-Ukrainian war. This book fills this gap. This is an original and innovative book that investigates how a new modus vivendi between China and the United States in a post-globalized world requires more economic independence because of the distrust between G20 economies but heightened international cooperation, in order to avert a shift to nationalism and protectionism and to fight financial and climate crises. The book is divided into four parts. Part I investigates the specific features of Chinese and U.S. capitalisms; Part II argues that several flaws observed in the multilateral architecture since the early 2000s have caused global imbalances and increased misunderstanding and mistrust between the two superpowers; Part III analyzes how the China-U.S. rivalry has manifested in Asia, Latin America, and in terms of global development finance and finally, Part IV provides a blueprint for a successful and revamped international order. The book provides an ambitious interdisciplinary analysis of the future of multilateralism and globalization with contributions from economists, lawyers, and political scientists. Due to its multidisciplinary approach, the book will attract the interest of scholars and postgraduate students from wide ranging fields, as well as practitioners working in international organizations, policy makers and more generally educated lay readers interested in the topic. |
| chips and science act of 2022 pdf: Economic Policy Reforms 2023 Going for Growth OECD, 2023-10-03 For this edition, Going for Growth advises on country-specific structural policy priorities to strengthen growth fundamentals and pave the way for successful green and digital transitions. Four key policy areas are identified: enhancing the design of social support programs; lifting potential growth by removing obstacles to effective resource utilisation; securing faster progress towards decarbonization; making the digital transformation a driver of productivity growth. |
| chips and science act of 2022 pdf: Beijing's Global Media Offensive Joshua Kurlantzick, 2022-11-08 A major analysis of how China is attempting to become a media and information superpower around the world, seeking to shape the politics, local media, and information environments of both East Asia and the World. Since China's ascendancy toward major-power status began in the 1990s, many observers have focused on its economic growth and expanding military. China's ability was limited in projecting power over information and media and the infrastructure through which information flows. That has begun to change. Beijing's state-backed media, which once seemed incapable having a significant effect globally, has been overhauled and expanded. At a time when many democracies' media outlets are consolidating due to financial pressures, China's biggest state media outlets, like the newswire Xinhua, are modernizing, professionalizing, and expanding in attempt to reach an international audience. Overseas, Beijing also attempts to impact local media, civil society, and politics by having Chinese firms or individuals with close links buy up local media outlets, by signing content-sharing deals with local media, by expanding China's social media giants, and by controlling the wireless and wired technology through which information now flows, among other efforts. In Beijing's Global Media Offensive--a major analysis of how China is attempting to build a media and information superpower around the world, and how this media power integrates with other forms of Chinese influence--Joshua Kurlantzick focuses on how all of this is playing out in both China's immediate neighborhood--Southeast Asia, Taiwan, Australia, and New Zealand--and also in the United States and many other parts of the world. He traces the ways in which China is trying to build an information and influence superpower, but also critically examines the new conventional wisdom that Beijing has enjoyed great success with these efforts. While China has worked hard to build a global media and information superpower, it often has failed to reap gains from its efforts, and has undermined itself with overly assertive, alienating diplomacy. Still, Kurlantzick contends, China's media, information and political influence campaigns will continue to expand and adapt, helping Beijing exports its political model and protect the ruling Party, and potentially damaging press freedoms, human rights, and democracy abroad. An authoritative account of how this sophisticated and multi-pronged campaign is unfolding, Beijing's Global Media Offensive provides a new window into China's attempts to make itself an information superpower. |
| chips and science act of 2022 pdf: Sustainable Peace in Northeast Asia Yong-Shik Lee, 2023-09-05 Sustainable Peace in Northeast Asia examines the causes of lasting and complex tensions in the region from underlying political, historical, military and economic perspectives; discusses their historical development and political-economic implications for the world; and explores possible solutions to build lasting peace. The book is unique in that it approaches the topic from the historical perspective of each constituent country in the region. Major global powers such as the United States and Russia have also closely engaged in the political and economic affairs of this region through a network of alliances, diplomacy, trade and investment. The book also discusses the influence of these external powers over the crisis, their political and economic objectives in the region, their strategies and the dynamics that their engagement has created. Both South Korea and North Korea have sought reunification of the Korean peninsula, which will have a substantial impact on the region. The book examines its justification, feasibility and effects for the region. The book discusses the role of Mongolia in the context of the power dynamics in Northeast Asia. A relatively small country, in terms of its population, Mongolia has rarely been examined in this context; Sustainable Peace in Northeast Asia makes a fresh assessment of its potential role. |
| chips and science act of 2022 pdf: Confronting China James H. Anderson, Daniel R. Green, 2024-10-31 Informed by senior policymakers with extensive expertise in defense, this book provides a comprehensive regional and functional perspective on US policy toward the People's Republic of China. Confronting China addresses the central security questions of our generation: How best can the United States deter Chinese aggression and win the peace? China's pursuit of global hegemony reflects a patient yet determined effort to reshape the international order in its favor. Deterring Chinese aggression and winning the peace necessitates an integrated approach that draws upon all instruments of US national power. Drawing on the insightful analysis of more than a dozen senior national security practitioners, chapters discuss the China challenge from multiple perspectives. Contributors examine the different dimensions of China's growing power and assess how well they advance the Chinese Communist Party's political ambitions and what must be done to counter them. Drawing upon each writer's particular areas of expertise, chapter authors provide concrete, strategy-based, and resource-informed policy recommendations. In the concluding chapter, the editors review common threads and key insights from the preceding chapters, placing them in a larger strategic context. |
| chips and science act of 2022 pdf: Making Climate Tech Work Alon Tal, 2024-04-30 Climate tech is critical for averting planetary chaos. Half the greenhouse gas reductions required to reach net-zero climate targets in 2050 will need to come from technologies that have not yet been invented. Making Climate Tech Work is an insightful analysis of how smart government policies can make those technologies a reality. Which approaches can lead us to a sustainable economy, and which are likely to fall short? Learn how Denmark became a wind energy superpower, Germany incentivized renewables, Australia phased out incandescent bulbs, and why carbon taxes have failed around the world - but could be designed for success. Alon Tal expertly distills each policy's benefits and drawbacks, along with related ethical questions and public perceptions. The result is an essential primer for anyone interested in accelerating climate tech solutions. |
| chips and science act of 2022 pdf: The Decisive Decade Jonathan D. T. Ward, 2023-04-25 With a focus on the economic battlefront and in-depth analysis of the diplomatic, military, and ideological arenas, the world’s foremost expert on US-China global competition offers a rousing, strategic call to action and playbook—harvesting all of our nation’s ingenuity, confidence, and will power—to outcompete the long-term strategies of China and its Communist Party. In The Decisive Decade, Dr. Jonathan D.T. Ward—China scholar and founder of the Atlas Organization, a consultancy focused on US-China global competition—offers a comprehensive framework for how the United States can, and must, defeat China on the world stage economically, diplomatically, militarily, and ideologically. International security and American supremacy are at stake—and now is the time for the US to take action. China’s global power and influence grows every day. Working from a deep sense of national identity, the Chinese Communist Party is leading its country toward what it deems “the great rejuvenation of the Chinese Nation,” and executing a long-term Grand Strategy to topple over its chief adversary, the United States. As China becomes increasingly repressive domestically and aggressive overseas, it threatens to upend America’s global dominance at every turn. Ward provides novel and practical strategies that our government, as well as our businesses and our citizens, can utilize to undermine our adversary. Exhaustive campaigns in the economic, diplomatic, military, and ideological arenas, he argues, must be taken to achieve victory. With expert analysis of the history of US-China relations, as well as insight into how the Russia-Ukrainian war can inform our strategic thinking, The Decisive Decade presents a unique toolkit for our triumph over China. We can succeed, but it won’t be easy; it will take all of our nation’s ingenuity, confidence, and willpower to win. |
| chips and science act of 2022 pdf: Digital Empires Anu Bradford, 2023-08-28 Financial Times Best Books of 2023 in Economics The global battle among the three dominant digital powers—the United States, China, and the European Union—is intensifying. All three regimes are racing to regulate tech companies, with each advancing a competing vision for the digital economy while attempting to expand its sphere of influence in the digital world. In Digital Empires, her provocative follow-up to The Brussels Effect, Anu Bradford explores a rivalry that will shape the world in the decades to come. Across the globe, people dependent on digital technologies have become increasingly alarmed that their rapid adoption and transformation have ushered in an exceedingly concentrated economy where a few powerful companies control vast economic wealth and political power, undermine data privacy, and widen the gap between economic winners and losers. In response, world leaders are variously embracing the idea of reining in the most dominant tech companies. Bradford examines three competing regulatory approaches—the American market-driven model, the Chinese state-driven model, and the European rights-driven regulatory model—and discusses how governments and tech companies navigate the inevitable conflicts that arise when these regulatory approaches collide in the international domain. Which digital empire will prevail in the contest for global influence remains an open question, yet their contrasting strategies are increasingly clear. Digital societies are at an inflection point. In the midst of these unfolding regulatory battles, governments, tech companies, and digital citizens are making important choices that will shape the future ethos of the digital society. Digital Empires lays bare the choices we face as societies and individuals, explains the forces that shape those choices, and illuminates the immense stakes involved for everyone who uses digital technologies. |
| chips and science act of 2022 pdf: Techno-Nationalism Alex Capri, 2024-09-23 The essential book on technology-related competition between nations and its impact on the world Nations have long sought to use technology as a power-multiplier for their own ambitions. In the twenty-first century, at a time of unprecedented innovation, the United States and China are in a race to achieve technological superiority. But how will this affect long-standing trade ties and the international landscape? Techno-nationalism holds that a nation’s economic strength and its national security — even its social stability— are linked to the technological prowess of its institutions and enterprises. From artificial intelligence and biotechnology to semiconductors and quantum science, nations that fall behind in the technology race risk becoming permanent losers, with potentially catastrophic consequences. After decades of trade liberalization and free-flowing investment into China, a paradigm shift amongst a bloc of like-minded, mostly Western countries, has set in motion epic change. Techno-nationalism is reorganizing the global economy. Alex Capri, who spent decades as a trade and supply chain professional in China and throughout the world, lays out the dynamics of this change and its underlying themes, from the paradox facing U.S.-China commercial linkages to the grey zones in which states and firms must now try to coexist. He provides a realist’s perspective of both the challenges and opportunities facing international actors. Regarding the elements of techno-nationalism, Capri paints a masterful picture of the strategic decoupling of supply chains and the re-shoring of key manufacturing ecosystems such as semiconductors. He provides an illuminating account of the geopolitics of data, and the fragmentation of the digital landscape, as well as the bifurcation of financial markets, academia, and R&D around Chinese and American spheres of influence. These themes carry through to Capri’s fascinating accounts of the modern-day space-race, and space-based Internet, undersea cables, hypersonic warfare, the AI arms race, drones, and robotics. The book’s clear explanations of semiconductors and their importance is highly useful. TECHNO-Nationalism is a must-read for business and government leaders, investors and strategists, academics, journalists, NGOs, or anyone who wants to experience a thoroughly entertaining and educational account of one the most important issues of our time. |
| chips and science act of 2022 pdf: China-US Great-Power Rivalry Lai-Ha Chan, Pak K. Lee, 2024-04-19 This edited volume examines the competitive dynamics of two order-building projects in the Indo-Pacific, namely China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and the US-led Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP). Foci are on how far the two major powers are able to use institutional projects to (re)order the region of the Indo-Pacific to suit their policy preferences, and on how regional powers perceive and navigate between the two ordering projects. This book discusses a wide array of actors in the Indo-Pacific, covering the two major powers of China and the United States, middle powers of Australia and New Zealand, India, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan, and institutional actors of ASEAN, AUKUS, the Quad and the Pacific Islands Forum. Drawing on the concept of international order, the chapters examine the actor-specific foreign policies in relation to the rivalry between the FOIP and the BRI. This accessible book will be a go-to resource for anyone looking for how the two great powers garner legitimacy and followership for their own version of ordering project, and how regional powers respond to the dynamic competition and navigate between China and the United States, and between the forces of liberal democracy and autocracy. |
| chips and science act of 2022 pdf: Quo Vadis, Sovereignty? Marina Timoteo, Barbara Verri, Riccardo Nanni, 2023-11-20 This book presents an interdisciplinary exploration of digital sovereignty in China, which are addressed mainly from political, legal and historical point of views. The text leverages a large number of native Chinese experts among the authors at a time when literature on China’s involvement in internet governance is more widespread in the so-called “West”. Numerous Chinese-language documents have been analysed in the making of this title and furthermore, literature conceptualising digital sovereignty is still limited to journal articles, making this one of the earliest collective attempts at defining this concept in the form of a book. Such characteristics position this text as an innovative academic resource for students, researchers and practitioners in international relations (IR), law, history, media studies and philosophy. |
| chips and science act of 2022 pdf: The Political Economy of Transnational Power and Production James M. Cypher, Mateo Crossa, 2023-08-01 The Political Economy of Transnational Power and Production: Mexico's Metamorphosis 1982-2022 How and why Mexico’s socioeconomic structure was transformed through plutocratic preferences, US corporate strategies, and ideology—all powering transnational processes of neoliberalization—are issues examined in this comprehensive, carefully documented publication covering four crucial decades of metamorphosis. The causes and consequences of the creation of a new, regional power bloc—the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)—are extensively examined. Readers will benefit from the many important demystifications presented here, chronicling the asymmetric Mexico-US production system. The impacts of the new transnational structure for labor on both sides of the border are matters of centrality. Specialists and general readers alike will find an explicit and accessible account of the powerful forces opening access to and profiting from millions of low-wage workers enabling Mexico to become a strategic source of US imports. Portrayed by mainstream economists and major policy makers as a win-win triumph of free trade theory, this book documents the opposing reality imposed by NAFTA and the US-Mexico-Canada Free Trade Agreement on both the US and Mexican working classes. US economists foretold a dramatic narrowing of the income gap—the US would benefit; Mexico would benefit even more. But instead, the yawning gap increased for three decades, bringing devastation for workers while debilitating Mexico’s national industrial base. |
| chips and science act of 2022 pdf: Net Zero and Natural Resources Law , 2024-08-01 States, corporations, and other actors worldwide have committed to measures aimed at bringing down global emissions to net zero by the year 2060 or earlier. While the need for a clean energy transition is clear, incoherently designed transition programs can pose complex environmental, social, and governance risks, including legal liability and protracted disputes. At the same time, the rush for minerals needed to manufacture clean energy technologies raises fundamental questions–most crucially, how to ensure the exploration and development of energy transition minerals in a manner that does not exacerbate resource conflicts, resource nationalism, human rights violations, protectionism, energy insecurity, social exclusions, and inequity, especially in conflict-affected and high-risk regions. By studying the legal and regulatory systems of Africa, Asia, Europe, Australasia, and North and South America through the themes of sovereignty, security and solidarity, Net Zero and Natural Resources Law provides an in-depth discussion of tools and techniques for addressing the legal and contract risks relating to the clean energy transition. This book offers a comprehensive and authoritative account of the nature, scope, and guiding principles of natural resources law and policy in a net zero era. Consideration is given to the integrated resource governance roadmap that is needed to improve coherence and coordination in the design, financing, and implementation of energy transition programs across the entire natural resource value chain. |
| chips and science act of 2022 pdf: Innovation, Quality and Sustainability for a Resilient Circular Economy Giovanni Lagioia, |
| chips and science act of 2022 pdf: 區域創新生態系之供應鏈安全 黃松勳, 張錦俊, 周媛韻, 2023-09-01 新冠疫情、供應鏈重組、氣候變遷與供應鏈中斷等全球性風險，衝擊了全球企業之營運，使得供應鏈安全議題成為區域創新系統之的關鍵議題，企業日益須要透過強化營運韌性確保供應鏈安全，以降低營運風險。 透過提升供應鏈安全可以提升企業因應外部市場環境變動之動態能力(dynamic capability)，並藉由供應鏈安全之科技創新議題之合作，發展生態系統，一方面達到促進區域創新系統之目標，另方面同時協助企業因應地緣政治、新冠疫情與氣候變遷所衍生之重大挑戰。區域供應鏈安全議題應透過關注社會、科技、經濟、環境、政治 (STEEP) 等面向，以檢視產業供應鏈相關發展趨勢下所面臨到的技術與創新策略挑戰，並研析影響產業供應鏈安全與整合之相關因素，並試圖找出關鍵影響因素或風險，以期後續建議規劃研擬能針對相關風險提出解方。同時，產業供應鏈也必須透過建立協力式生態系統，藉由朝向供應鏈安全、低碳與永續之轉型，以提升區域創新系統中的企業競爭力。 AIoT技術發展推動各產業之供應鏈自動化、自主化之技術發展趨勢，使得資通訊技術供應鏈安全 (ICT Supplychain Security) 成為供應鏈安全中的關鍵議題，企業透過共享基礎設施、共享資訊等方式而產生供應鏈安全風險，必須透過系統性地管理ICT供應鏈風險，方能有效因應日益升高的 ICT供應鏈攻擊風險，並提升供應鏈安全與營運韌性。 臺灣企業如何在全球供應鏈中因應綠色轉型與ICT供應鏈風險之壓力，維持全球供應鏈中的競爭優勢?如何管控風險與掌握機會，朝向綠色轉型和永續經營邁進?將是未來重要營運挑戰。 |
| chips and science act of 2022 pdf: Where Have All the Democrats Gone? Ruy Teixeira, John B. Judis, 2023-11-07 A Wall Street Journal Best Political Book of 2023 A much-needed wake-up call for the Democrats, which reveals how the party has lost sight of its core principles and endangered its political future—from the authors of “one of the most influential political books of the 21st century” (The New York Times) For decades, American politics has been plagued by a breakdown between the Democratic and Republican parties, in which victory has inevitably led to defeat and vice versa. Both parties have lost sight of the people at the center of the American electorate, leading to polarization and paralysis. In Where Have All the Democrats Gone?, John B. Judis and Ruy Teixeira reveal the tectonic changes shaping the country’s current political landscape that both pundits and political scientists have missed. The Democratic Party, once the preserve of small towns as well as big cities and of the industrial working class and the newly immigrated, has abandoned and even actively alienated many of these voters. In this clarion call and essential argument for common sense and common ground, Judis and Teixeira reveal the transformation of American politics and provide a razor-sharp critique of where the Democrats have gone awry and how they can avoid political disaster in the days ahead. |
| chips and science act of 2022 pdf: The Metaverse Economy Arunkumar Krishnakumar, Theodora Lau, 2023-08-03 The Metaverse Economy equips fintech professionals with an in-depth understanding of the emergent economic models in the Metaverse and across Web3. In this book, fintech and metaverse experts Arun Krishnakumar and Theodora Lau help technology and financial services professionals prepare for the convergence of several technology paradigms: Web3, non-fungible tokens (NFTs), game and finance (GameFi) and the Metaverse. The Metaverse Economy provides an overview of the types of economic models that companies can use to scale business in Web3. Offering balanced insight into the complex world of the Metaverse, the book demystifies the technology and economic paradigms that have triggered the rise of the Metaverse. The book also focuses on the convergence of these economic models into a unified system that competes directly with traditional frameworks. The authors break down the new qualitative and quantitative attributes professionals must consider to capture the opportunities of the market. The Metaverse Economy tackles popular questions many financial services professionals have about market shares, value permanence, the ownership economy and play-to-earn models. Packed with case studies from some of the biggest brands in blockchain, DeFi, NFTs and gaming, the book helps finance professionals understand the risks associated with the Metaverse and prepare for what lies ahead. |
| chips and science act of 2022 pdf: Goodbye Globalization Elisabeth Braw, 2024-02-13 A bold new account of the state of globalization today—and what its collapse might mean for the world economy After the Cold War, globalization accelerated at breakneck speed. Manufacturing, transport, and consumption defied national borders, companies made more money, and consumers had access to an ever-increasing range of goods. But in recent years, a profound shift has begun to take place. Business executives and politicians alike are realising that globalization is no longer working. Supply chains are imperilled, Russia has been expelled from the global economy after its invasion of Ukraine, and China is using these fissures to leverage a strategic advantage. Given these pressures, what will the future of our world economy look like? In this groundbreaking account, Elisabeth Braw explores the collapse of globalization and the profound challenges it will bring to the West. Drawing on interviews with prominent executives and policymakers from around the world, Braw poses the difficult questions all businesses and economies will face—and traces the intricate story of globalization from the exuberant ’90s to the embattled present. |
| chips and science act of 2022 pdf: Reshore Production Now William A. Levinson, 2023-06-08 This book addresses the vital importance of reshoring US manufacturing capability to ensure economic and military security and then discusses the proven methods that the United States used to gain manufacturing supremacy in the first place. The vital takeaway is: If the job can be made sufficiently productive, the per-unit labor cost ceases to be relevant which means a business can pay high wages, realize high profits, and deliver low prices simultaneously. The contest is then not between high wages and cheap labor, but between efficiency and inefficiency and, when automation is involved, machine against machine. Readers will be able to put these principles to work very quickly to achieve tangible results. The relatively low Federal minimum wage has meanwhile become a major issue, but inflation skyrocketed in the second quarter of 2022 when higher wages, and higher demand for goods and services, were not matched with higher productivity. The book addresses the relationship between the money supply and the velocity of money to prices, wages, and productivity. A manufacturing resurgence in the United States will not only increase our standard of living enormously but generate taxable economic activity that will help pay down rather than increase the Federal debt. Higher productivity also delivers a greater supply of goods to accompany higher wages, and thus works against inflation. This can prevent looming recessions and disruptions. |
| chips and science act of 2022 pdf: China, Taiwan, the UK and the CPTPP Chun-yi Lee, Michael Reilly, 2023-06-27 Originally called the Trans-Pacific Partnership until the USA withdrew in 2017, the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) is an ambitious and wide-ranging free trade agreement between eleven Pacific countries. Far from faltering after US withdrawal, several more countries have since applied to join, including China, Taiwan and the United Kingdom. Some observers see in this a contest between China and the USA for wider influence through an attempt to control or re-write the rules of international trade; at a minimum accession by any of the three would have a major impact on the CPTPP as originally envisaged. This edited volume considers the three applications, the motivations for the three to join, and the likely responses of existing members. The implications for cross-Strait tension between China and Taiwan are fully considered, as is the ability or willingness of the USA to influence the outcome of the applications. |
| chips and science act of 2022 pdf: The Gilded Cage Ya-Wen Lei, 2023-11-21 How China’s economic development combines a veneer of unprecedented progress with the increasingly despotic rule of surveillance over all aspects of life Since the mid-2000s, the Chinese state has increasingly shifted away from labor-intensive, export-oriented manufacturing to a process of socioeconomic development centered on science and technology. Ya-Wen Lei traces the contours of this techno-developmental regime and its resulting form of techno-state capitalism, telling the stories of those whose lives have been transformed—for better and worse—by China’s rapid rise to economic and technological dominance. Drawing on groundbreaking fieldwork and a wealth of in-depth interviews with managers, business owners, workers, software engineers, and local government officials, Lei describes the vastly unequal values assigned to economic sectors deemed “high-end” versus “low-end,” and the massive expansion of technical and legal instruments used to measure and control workers and capital. She shows how China’s rise has been uniquely shaped by its time-compressed development, the complex relationship between the nation’s authoritarian state and its increasingly powerful but unruly tech companies, and an ideology that fuses nationalism with high modernism, technological fetishism, and meritocracy. Some have compared China’s extraordinary transformation to America’s Gilded Age. This provocative book reveals how it is more like a gilded cage, one in which the Chinese state and tech capital are producing rising inequality and new forms of social exclusion. |
CHIPS FOR AMERICA | NIST
Semiconductors, or chips, are tiny electronic devices that are integral to America’s economic and national security. These devices power tools as simple as a light switch and as complex as a …
The CHIPS Program Office Vision for Success: Two Years Later
Jan 10, 2025 · The CHIPS program’s targeted investments are strengthening domestic capabilities, protecting our supply chain, and ensuring the United States remains a global …
Building the U.S. Semiconductor Workforce: January 2025 …
Jan 15, 2025 · CHIPS for America has mobilized substantial new public and private investments towards semiconductor talent attraction, retention, and advancement, including: • Nearly …
CHIPS News & Releases | NIST
Aug 1, 2022 · U.S. Department of Commerce Announces CHIPS Incentives Awards with Corning, Edwards Vacuum, and Infinera to Increase Domestic Production Capacity of Chips and …
CHIPS Manufacturing USA Institute | NIST
On January 3, 2025, the U.S. Department of Commerce announced that CHIPS for America awarded the Semiconductor Research Corporation Manufacturing Consortium Corporation …
CHIPS for America Announces New CHIPS Metrology …
Aug 28, 2024 · The CHIPS Metrology Program, one of the four CHIPS for America Research and Development programs, emphasizes measurements that are accurate, precise, and fit-for …
Current CHIPS Job Openings | NIST
Feb 3, 2023 · Researcher Associate - CHIPS R&D Metrology Program; Attorney-Advisor - Environmental Law; Programmatic Counsel - Semiconductor Incentives; Senior Transaction …
CHIPS - National Institute of Standards and Technology
Sep 13, 2022 · (CHIPS) for America Fund, a $50 billion investment to catalyze long-term growth in the domestic semi-conductor industry in support of our national and economic security. The …
CHIPS for America R&D Facilities - NIST
Dec 30, 2024 · CHIPS for America has announced three anticipated CHIPS for America research and development (R&D) flagship facilities. These state-of-the-art flagship facilities will establish …
CHIPS for America Awards - NIST
Sep 6, 2024 · The CHIPS for America award will provide Samsung Austin, Texas up to $4.745 billion in total direct funding under the CHIPS and Science Act to support the expansion of a …
CHIPS FOR AMERICA | NIST
Semiconductors, or chips, are tiny electronic devices that are integral to America’s economic and national security. These devices power tools as simple as a light switch and as complex as a …
The CHIPS Program Office Vision for Success: Two Years Later
Jan 10, 2025 · The CHIPS program’s targeted investments are strengthening domestic capabilities, protecting our supply chain, and ensuring the United States remains a global …
Building the U.S. Semiconductor Workforce: January 2025 …
Jan 15, 2025 · CHIPS for America has mobilized substantial new public and private investments towards semiconductor talent attraction, retention, and advancement, including: • Nearly …
CHIPS News & Releases | NIST
Aug 1, 2022 · U.S. Department of Commerce Announces CHIPS Incentives Awards with Corning, Edwards Vacuum, and Infinera to Increase Domestic Production Capacity of Chips and …
CHIPS Manufacturing USA Institute | NIST
On January 3, 2025, the U.S. Department of Commerce announced that CHIPS for America awarded the Semiconductor Research Corporation Manufacturing Consortium Corporation …
CHIPS for America Announces New CHIPS Metrology Community …
Aug 28, 2024 · The CHIPS Metrology Program, one of the four CHIPS for America Research and Development programs, emphasizes measurements that are accurate, precise, and fit-for …
Current CHIPS Job Openings | NIST
Feb 3, 2023 · Researcher Associate - CHIPS R&D Metrology Program; Attorney-Advisor - Environmental Law; Programmatic Counsel - Semiconductor Incentives; Senior Transaction …
CHIPS - National Institute of Standards and Technology
Sep 13, 2022 · (CHIPS) for America Fund, a $50 billion investment to catalyze long-term growth in the domestic semi-conductor industry in support of our national and economic security. The …
CHIPS for America R&D Facilities - NIST
Dec 30, 2024 · CHIPS for America has announced three anticipated CHIPS for America research and development (R&D) flagship facilities. These state-of-the-art flagship facilities will …
CHIPS for America Awards - NIST
Sep 6, 2024 · The CHIPS for America award will provide Samsung Austin, Texas up to $4.745 billion in total direct funding under the CHIPS and Science Act to support the expansion of a …
