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| chinese special economic zones: Special Economic Zones and the Economic Transition in China Wei Ge, 1999 This book examines China's economic development since 1949, with special emphasis on the economic transition of the past two decades and the role of special economic zones in this gradually evolving process. Various issues concerning the formation of the zones are explored. The performance of the zones and their impacts on the Chinese economy and the transitional path are assessed in aspects such as economic growth, structural changes, investment financing, employment and wages, technology transfers and learning, productivity gains, standards of living, trade expansion and the changing pattern of foreign investment. The implications of the special economic zones as a policy instrument to facilitate the process of economic transition and development, as well as the relevant policy issues, are examined. |
| chinese special economic zones: The Special Economic Zones of China and Their Impact on Its Economic Development Chŏng-dong Pak, 1997-03-30 An in-depth examination of the special economic zones that have been established in China to further the economic development of that country. |
| chinese special economic zones: China's Special Economic Zones C. H. Chai, 1986 This volume analyses the historical, economic, political, geographical, legal, planning, and management aspects of the zones, and discusses their original motivations, current problems, and future prospects. |
| chinese special economic zones: The Oxford Handbook of Industrial Hubs and Economic Development Arkebe Oqubay, Justin Yifu Lin, 2020-07-23 Industrialization supported by industrial hubs has been widely associated with structural transformation and catch-up. But while the direct economic benefits of industrial hubs are significant, their value lies first and foremost in their contribution as incubators of industrialization, production and technological capability, and innovation. The Oxford Handbook of Industrial Hubs and Economic Development adopts an interdisciplinary approach to examine the conceptual underpinnings, review empirical evidence of regions and economies, and extract pertinent lessons for policy reasearchers and practitioners on the key drivers of success and failure for industrial hubs. This Handbook illustrates the diverse and complex nature of industrial hubs and shows how they promote industrialization, economic structural transformation, and technological catch-up. It explores the implications of emerging issues and trends such as environmental protection and sustainability, technological advancement, shifts in the global economy, and urbanization. |
| chinese special economic zones: Special Economic Zones And The Economic Transition In China Wei Ge, 1999-09-19 This book examines China's economic development since 1949, with special emphasis on the economic transition of the past two decades and the role of special economic zones in this gradually evolving process. Various issues concerning the formation of the zones are explored. The performance of the zones and their impacts on the Chinese economy and the transitional path are assessed in aspects such as economic growth, structural changes, investment financing, employment and wages, technology transfers and learning, productivity gains, standards of living, trade expansion and the changing pattern of foreign investment. The implications of the special economic zones as a policy instrument to facilitate the process of economic transition and development, as well as the relevant policy issues, are examined. |
| chinese special economic zones: Special Economic Zones Gift Mugano, 2021-11-05 This book provides a guide to the challenges of special economic zones. Focusing on Africa, while also discussing China, Taiwan, Dominican Republic, Malaysia, and South Korea, the impact on economic development of special economic zones is analysed to highlight the successes and failures of these zones. New emerging issues, such as the sustainable development goals and the fourth industrial revolution, are presented as factors that need to be addressed in order for special economic zones to be productive in Africa. The role of foreign direct investments, job creation, industrialization, and regulation is also discussed. Special Economic Zones: Economic Development in Africa aims to set out an empirical framework on how to create effective special economic zones. It will be relevant to researchers and policymakers interested in African and development economics. |
| chinese special economic zones: New Strategic Research On China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone Zhigang Yuan, 2016-02-22 This book provides a detailed study of practices of China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone (Shanghai FTZ henceforth). It aims to answer questions related to establishing the Shanghai FTZ and improving its practices, such as the future of world's macro-economy, the Shanghai FTZ's position in Chinese and world economy, government transition and international trade upgrading, as well as financial sector opening up strategies and innovations. By answering these questions, implications for possible future policy developments are provided. Though the operation of Shanghai FTZ is the main focus, this book delves deeper into the question of how China will further reform its financial system in the future. Similar to the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, which heralded China's economic transformation in the 1980s and 1990s, the Shanghai FTZ may well be such a pioneer project, pointing to the future economic path that China might tread. Written by the foremost Chinese economists — with some involved in the setup process of the Shanghai FTZ, this book is a must read for anyone who is interested in the prospects of the Shanghai FTZ and the future direction of the Chinese economic development. |
| chinese special economic zones: Special Economic Zones Thomas Farole, Gokhan Akinci, 2011-08-01 For countries as diverse as China and Mauritius, Special Economic Zones (SEZs) have been a powerful tool to attract foreign investment, promote export-oriented growth, and generate employment; for many others, the results have been less than encouraging. While the benefits and limitations of zones will no doubt continue to be debated, what is clear is that policymakers are increasingly attracted to them as an instrument of trade, investment, industrial, and spatial policy. Since the mid 1980s, the number of newly-established zones has grown rapidly in almost all regions, with dramatic growth in developing countries. In parallel with this growth and in the evolving context of global trade and investment, zones are also undergoing significant change in both their form and function, with traditional export processing zones (EPZs) increasingly giving way to larger and more flexible SEZ models. This new context will bring significant opportunities for developing countries to take advantage of SEZs, but will also raise new challenges to their successful design and implementation. This volume aims to contribute to a better understanding of the role and practice of SEZs in developing countries, in order to better equip policymakers in making effective decisions in planning and implementing SEZ programs. It covers some of the emerging issues and challenges in SEZs including upgrading, regional integration, WTO compliance, innovation, the environment, and gender issues with practical case examples from SEZ programs in developing countries. |
| chinese special economic zones: Special Economic Zones in Africa Thomas Farole, 2011-01-01 This book, designed for policymakers, academics and researchers, and SEZ program practitioners, provides the first systematic and comprehensive analysis of SEZ programs in Sub-Saharan Africa. It is the result of detailed surveys and case studies conducted during 2009 in ten developing countries, including six in Sub-Saharan Africa. The book provides quantitative evidence of the performance of SEZs, and of the factors which contribute to that performance, highlighting the critical importance not just of the SEZ itself but of the wider national investment climate in which it functions. It also provides a comprehensive guide to the key policy questions that confront governments establishing SEZ programs, including: if and when to launch an SEZ program, what form of SEZ is most appropriate, and how to go about implementing it. Among the most important findings from the study that is stressed in the book is the shift from traditional enclave models of zones to SEZs that are integrated ? with national trade and industrial strategies, with core trade and social infrastructure, with domestic suppliers, and with local labor markets.Although the book focuses primarily on the experience of Sub-Saharan Africa, its lessons will be applicable to developing countries around the world. |
| chinese special economic zones: The Geography of Transport Systems Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Claude Comtois, Brian Slack, 2013-07-18 Mobility is fundamental to economic and social activities such as commuting, manufacturing, or supplying energy. Each movement has an origin, a potential set of intermediate locations, a destination, and a nature which is linked with geographical attributes. Transport systems composed of infrastructures, modes and terminals are so embedded in the socio-economic life of individuals, institutions and corporations that they are often invisible to the consumer. This is paradoxical as the perceived invisibility of transportation is derived from its efficiency. Understanding how mobility is linked with geography is main the purpose of this book. The third edition of The Geography of Transport Systems has been revised and updated to provide an overview of the spatial aspects of transportation. This text provides greater discussion of security, energy, green logistics, as well as new and updated case studies, a revised content structure, and new figures. Each chapter covers a specific conceptual dimension including networks, modes, terminals, freight transportation, urban transportation and environmental impacts. A final chapter contains core methodologies linked with transport geography such as accessibility, spatial interactions, graph theory and Geographic Information Systems for transportation (GIS-T). This book provides a comprehensive and accessible introduction to the field, with a broad overview of its concepts, methods, and areas of application. The accompanying website for this text contains a useful additional material, including digital maps, PowerPoint slides, databases, and links to further reading and websites. The website can be accessed at: http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans This text is an essential resource for undergraduates studying transport geography, as well as those interest in economic and urban geography, transport planning and engineering. |
| chinese special economic zones: Special Economic Zones in Asian Market Economies Connie Carter, Andrew Harding, 2010-09-13 Special Economic Zones (SEZs) have proliferated rapidly during the past decade and are set to multiply in the next – embracing not only Asia and Europe but also Africa and the Americas. This book is the first to examine the Asian experience of SEZs in China, India, Malaysia and the Philippines. SEZs are usually clearly defined geographic areas in which national, provincial or local governments use policy tools (such as tax holidays; improved infrastructure; less onerous or differentiated regulations and incentives other than those generally available in the rest of the country) to attract and promote private - usually foreign - investment from enterprises which commit to create employment and to export their products or services, and generating foreign currency for the host country. SEZs have been especially successful in bringing about economic development in Asia, especially in China. This book examines the origins, nature and status of special economic zones in Asia, together with the current trends connected with them, and the challenges they currently face. Although the World Trade Organisation cast doubts in 1995 on the future of special economic zones as a viable policy tool in the development agenda, special economic zones continue to be used, and favoured, as a way of encouraging foreign investment and economic development, with for example India, trying to emulate China, reincorporating special economic zones into its development policy. This book provides regional case studies of SEZs in Asian market economies to analyse the extent to which these zones serve the changing needs of Asian development. |
| chinese special economic zones: Special Economic Zones and China’s Development Path Yitao Tao, Zhiguo Lu, 2018-10-05 The book provides insights into the development of special economic zones, which are an important factor in the political and economic reforms in China. It discusses a number of topics, including the history and the modernization of special economic zones in China, the contributions of special economic zones to China’s economic success and cultural change, as well as the new mission of special economic zones in the current economic-social context. Applying institutional economics and growth poles theory, it discusses the mechanism of China’s path driven by special economic zone practices. The book is a valuable resource for researchers interested in special economic zones, political and institutional reforms and economic transformation during China’s modernization. |
| chinese special economic zones: Studies on China's Special Economic Zones 3 Yiming Yuan, 2019-11-29 The book provides an authoritative study on Special Economic Zones. The scope of the articles will include new theories, methods and discoveries in SEZ study, and specifically provide recent achievements in Special Economic Zones. The volume's content is aimed at economics undergraduates, postgraduates, economics researchers in social science institutions and the government. The implementation of Special Economic Zones provides an easy approach to complete modernization in developing countries like China, and the reader can obtain some important sources of data, as well as major results in this area. |
| chinese special economic zones: Learning from Shenzhen Mary Ann O'Donnell, Winnie Wong, Jonathan Bach, 2017-02-07 This multidisciplinary volume, the first of its kind, presents an account of China’s contemporary transformation via one of its most important yet overlooked cities: Shenzhen, located just north of Hong Kong. In recent decades, Shenzhen has transformed from an experimental site for economic reform into a dominant city at the crossroads of the global economy. The first of China’s special economic zones, Shenzhen is today a UNESCO City of Design and the hub of China’s emerging technology industries. Bringing China studies into dialogue with urban studies, the contributors explore how the post-Mao Chinese appropriation of capitalist logic led to a dramatic remodeling of the Chinese city and collective life in China today. These essays show how urban villages and informal institutions enabled social transformation through cases of public health, labor, architecture, gender, politics, education, and more. Offering scholars and general readers alike an unprecedented look at one of the world’s most dynamic metropolises, this collective history uses the urban case study to explore critical problems and possibilities relevant for modern-day China and beyond. |
| chinese special economic zones: China's Economic Zones Lu Zhiguo Tao Yitao, 2012-03-01 A thorough examination of the establishment and development of China's Special Economic Zones (SEZ). These eight SEZs marked a major milestone in China's gradual market-oriented reform process, and the developmental fluctuations of these zones offers an in-depth understanding of the complexities and difficulties of reform. They also provide critical insight into China's thirty years of economic and social transformation. This book is a valuable and practical resource for governments, academics and policy advisors looking for an insight into and analysis of how the Special Economic Zone strategy played a key role in the transformation of China's economy. |
| chinese special economic zones: Studies on China’s Special Economic Zones 4 Yiming Yuan, 2021-11-30 This book collects articles on the achievements and experience of special economic zones during the China’s Reform and Opening-up in the past 40 years. The topics ranges from a historical summary of the development in special economic zones to its future prospect. Most of the articles analyze the policies applied for special economic zones and how they contributed to the economic growth, which provides the readers with an overview about how public policies helped cities develop. Some of the articles shift their focus to the role of special economic zones in larger area, i.e., Asia. These works exemplify the impact of China’s economic policies in long term. Moreover, the book includes the contribution of special economic zones to the economic development world-wide, such as places in Africa and areas of “One Belt One road”. Reader can benefit a thorough understanding of China’s special economic zones’ past and future through reading the book. |
| chinese special economic zones: Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China Ezra F. Vogel, 2013-10-14 Winner of the Lionel Gelber Prize National Book Critics Circle Award Finalist An Economist Best Book of the Year | A Financial Times Book of the Year | A Wall Street Journal Book of the Year | A Washington Post Book of the Year | A Bloomberg News Book of the Year | An Esquire China Book of the Year | A Gates Notes Top Read of the Year Perhaps no one in the twentieth century had a greater long-term impact on world history than Deng Xiaoping. And no scholar of contemporary East Asian history and culture is better qualified than Ezra Vogel to disentangle the many contradictions embodied in the life and legacy of China’s boldest strategist. Once described by Mao Zedong as a “needle inside a ball of cotton,” Deng was the pragmatic yet disciplined driving force behind China’s radical transformation in the late twentieth century. He confronted the damage wrought by the Cultural Revolution, dissolved Mao’s cult of personality, and loosened the economic and social policies that had stunted China’s growth. Obsessed with modernization and technology, Deng opened trade relations with the West, which lifted hundreds of millions of his countrymen out of poverty. Yet at the same time he answered to his authoritarian roots, most notably when he ordered the crackdown in June 1989 at Tiananmen Square. Deng’s youthful commitment to the Communist Party was cemented in Paris in the early 1920s, among a group of Chinese student-workers that also included Zhou Enlai. Deng returned home in 1927 to join the Chinese Revolution on the ground floor. In the fifty years of his tumultuous rise to power, he endured accusations, purges, and even exile before becoming China’s preeminent leader from 1978 to 1989 and again in 1992. When he reached the top, Deng saw an opportunity to creatively destroy much of the economic system he had helped build for five decades as a loyal follower of Mao—and he did not hesitate. |
| chinese special economic zones: Studies on China's Special Economic Zones 2 Yiming Yuan, 2019-09-20 The book provides an authoritative study on Special Economic Zones. The scope of the articles will include new theories, methods and discoveries in SEZ study, and specifically provide recent achievements in Special Economic Zones. The journal is aimed at economics undergraduates, postgraduates, economics researchers in social science institutions and the government. Special Economic Zone mode provides an easy approach to complete modernization in developing countries like China, the reader can get some important data source and major results in this area. |
| chinese special economic zones: How China Became Capitalist R. Coase, N. Wang, 2016-04-30 How China Became Capitalist details the extraordinary, and often unanticipated, journey that China has taken over the past thirty five years in transforming itself from a closed agrarian socialist economy to an indomitable economic force in the international arena. The authors revitalise the debate around the rise of the Chinese economy through the use of primary sources, persuasively arguing that the reforms implemented by the Chinese leaders did not represent a concerted attempt to create a capitalist economy, and that it was 'marginal revolutions' that introduced the market and entrepreneurship back to China. Lessons from the West were guided by the traditional Chinese principle of 'seeking truth from facts'. By turning to capitalism, China re-embraced her own cultural roots. How China Became Capitalist challenges received wisdom about the future of the Chinese economy, warning that while China has enormous potential for further growth, the future is clouded by the government's monopoly of ideas and power. Coase and Wang argue that the development of a market for ideas which has a long and revered tradition in China would be integral in bringing about the Chinese dream of social harmony. |
| chinese special economic zones: The Political Economy of Special Economic Zones Lotta Moberg, 2017-03-16 This book examines SEZs from a political economy perspective, both to dissect the incentives of governments, zone developers, and exporters, and to uncover both the hidden costs and untapped potential of zone policies. Costs include misallocated resources, the encouragement of rent-seeking, and distraction of policy-makers from more effective reforms. However, the zones also have several unappreciated benefits. They can change the politics of a country, by generating a transition from a system of rent-seeking to one of liberalized open markets. In revealing the hidden promise of SEZs, this book shows how the SEZ model of development can succeed in the future. |
| chinese special economic zones: Measuring Science, Technology, and Innovation Bronwyn H. Hall, Adam B. Jaffe, 2018-03-27 This monograph surveys the current state of the art including the concept of indicators, their quality and use, and a schematic model of the STI system that can identify gaps in the set of indicators commonly in use. |
| chinese special economic zones: Modernization in China Kwan Yiu Wong, David K. Y. Chu, 1985 In this book, China's special economic zones--areas in which foreign and domestic entrpreneurs are offered investment incentives for setting up modern manufacturing plants-- are thoroughly analyzed for their economic potential, with special emphasis on Shenzhen, the most advanced of the zones. |
| chinese special economic zones: The Shenzhen Experiment Juan Du, 2020-01-07 An award-winning Hong Kong–based architect with decades of experience designing buildings and planning cities in the People’s Republic of China takes us to the Pearl River delta and into the heart of China’s iconic Special Economic Zone, Shenzhen. Shenzhen is ground zero for the economic transformation China has seen in recent decades. In 1979, driven by China’s widespread poverty, Deng Xiaoping supported a bold proposal to experiment with economic policies in a rural borderland next to Hong Kong. The site was designated as the City of Shenzhen and soon after became China’s first Special Economic Zone (SEZ). Four decades later, Shenzhen is a megacity of twenty million, an internationally recognized digital technology hub, and the world’s most successful economic zone. Some see it as a modern miracle city that seemingly came from nowhere, attributing its success solely to centralized planning and Shenzhen’s proximity to Hong Kong. The Chinese government has built hundreds of new towns using the Shenzhen model, yet none has come close to replicating the city’s level of economic success. But is it true that Shenzhen has no meaningful history? That the city was planned on a tabula rasa? That the region’s rural past has had no significant impact on the urban present? Juan Du unravels the myth of Shenzhen and shows us how this world-famous “instant city” has a surprising history—filled with oyster fishermen, villages that remain encased within city blocks, a secret informal housing system—and how it has been catapulted to success as much by the ingenuity of its original farmers as by Beijing’s policy makers. The Shenzhen Experiment is an important story for all rapidly urbanizing and industrializing nations around the world seeking to replicate China’s economic success in the twenty-first century. |
| chinese special economic zones: Annual Report on the Development of China’s Special Economic Zones(2018) Yitao Tao, Yiming Yuan, 2019-11-22 The Annual Report objectively reflects the whole year’s progress of politics, economy, society, culture, system, environment, innovation and reform, as well as the problems, challenges and countermeasures in traditional special economic zones and new special economic zones. It analyses China’s Special Economic Zones, including overall review on the whole year’s development state of the reform experimental zone and part of new special economic zones, which focuses on analyzing the transformation of special economic zones, use of resources, the sustainable development, economic and social development, social security and technical innovation from the aspects of present situation of development, the comparative analysis, and policy suggestions and puts forward development suggestions for each specific issue. |
| chinese special economic zones: Studies on China’s Special Economic Zones 5 Yiming Yuan, 2023-05-11 This book collects the latest academic achievements, research progress and policy propositions on the study of China’s special economic zones, with the aim to reflect the history, new development and new challenges of the construction of Chinese special economic zones. It presents the successful experience of the development of Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area and the changes of its mission and analyzes the problems encountered in the development of Shenzhen special economic zones and the theory of economic system reform. |
| chinese special economic zones: Building Engines for Growth and Competitiveness in China Douglas Zhihua Zeng, 2010-08-25 In the past 30 years, China has achieved an unprecedented development 'miracle' in human history. How did China achieve this? What are the key drivers for such a rapid growth? And most importantly, what can be learned from China s success? While many factors could be identified to explain China's success, it is no doubt that the numerous Special Economic Zones (SEZs) and industrial clusters that emerged after the country s reforms are two important engines that have been driving China s rapid development. The key experiences of China's SEZs and industrial clusters could be best summarized as: gradualism with experimental approach; strong commitment; and an active facilitating state with strong pragmatism. This book reviews the development experiences of China's SEZs and industrial clusters through extensive research, field visits, and case studies in an attempt to benefit the policy-makers, development practitioners, scholars from developing countries, and the global development community in general. It contains five detailed case studies three SEZs in the broadest sense (Shenzhen, Tianjin and Kunshan) and two industrial clusters (Wenzhou footwear cluster in Zhejiang and Xiqiao textile cluster in Guangdong). This volume represents the most comprehensive volume to date on China's experiences with both its SEZ and cluster experiences. |
| chinese special economic zones: 42 Rules for Sourcing and Manufacturing in China (2nd Edition) Rosemary Coates, 2013-07 Doing business in China is tougher than you think. Not only is the culture vastly different, but China's experience in manufacturing is still developing. It will be a few years before the majority of manufacturers are up to world standards. In the meantime, quality, contract laws, schedules and logistics must be closely monitored. As a result, the things Westerners must do to be successful are far different from dealing with American or European manufacturers. The best way to quickly come up to speed on these differences and how to handle them is to learn from the experience of others. Through over 20 extraordinary executive interviews, Rosemary Coates captured the essence of sourcing and manufacturing in China. '42 Rules for Sourcing and Manufacturing in China (2nd Edition)' is a pragmatic approach that every businessperson headed to China must read. For business people who are experienced in doing business in China, or for first-time visitors, this book will provide valuable insights from real executives and experts. These executives offer their personal experiences and recommendations about sourcing and manufacturing in China. Going beyond simple cultural do's and don'ts, you will discover: how business is really done how you can make things happen in China the mistake westerners often make, and how to avoid them what made these executives successful Based on her 25 years of supply chain experience, much of it spent living and working across Asia, Rosemary Coates has become an expert on doing business in China. Her own personal experiences in China are interwoven into this book. |
| chinese special economic zones: Annual Report on The Development of China's Special Economic Zones (2017) Yitao Tao, Yiming Yuan, 2019-08-21 This Report objectively reflects the whole year’s progress of politics, economy, society, culture, system, environment, innovation and reform as well as the problems, challenges and countermeasures in traditional special economic zones and new special economic zones. It makes analysis of China’s Special Economic Zones, including overall review on the whole year’s development state of the reform experimental zone and part of new special economic zones, which focuses on analyzing the transformation of special economic zones, use of resources, the sustainable development, economic and social development, social security and technical innovation from the aspects of present situation of development, the comparative analysis, and policy suggestions and puts forward development suggestions for each specific issue. |
| chinese special economic zones: World Investment Report 2019 United Nations Publications, 2019-08-16 This report focuses on special economic zones (SEZs) which are widely used across most developing and many developed economies. It explores the place of SEZs in today's global investment landscape and provides guidance for policymakers on how to make SEZs work for sustainable development. It presents international investment trends and prospects at global, regional and national levels, as well as the evolution of international production and global value chains. It analyses the latest developments in new policy measures for investment promotion, facilitation and regulation around the world. |
| chinese special economic zones: China Frederica M. Bunge, In-sŏp Sin, 1981 |
| chinese special economic zones: The Jingshan Report China Finance 40 Forum Research Group, 2020-01-14 The Jingshan Report is a collection of research papers on key issues for China’s financial opening, including reform of the RMB exchange rate regime, management of cross-border capital flows and financial support for the Belt and Road Initiative. Authored by leading experts in the relevant fields, the report examines the evolution, current status and problems with the financial opening policy over the past four decades, and puts forward policy recommendations on how to steadily push forward China’s financial opening. |
| chinese special economic zones: South Africa–China Relations Chris Alden, Yu-Shan Wu, 2021-01-23 With the pace of trade and investment picking up, coupled with closer international cooperation with Beijing through the G20, FOCAC and BRICS grouping, South Africa-China ties are assuming a significant position in continental and even global affairs. At the same time, it is a relationship of paradoxes, breaking with many of the assumptions that underpin contemporary analyses of ‘China-Africa’ ties. This edited volume examines the South Africa-China relationship through a survey of its diplomatic partnership, economic ties, and broader community relations. These important aspects that are often conflated as a single relationship, yet what is important to explore are how these components reflect different China-South Africa relationship(s), and how they intersect. |
| chinese special economic zones: China's Special Economic Zones Michael West Oborne, 1986 |
| chinese special economic zones: China's Economic Rise Congressional Research Service, 2017-09-17 Prior to the initiation of economic reforms and trade liberalization 36 years ago, China maintained policies that kept the economy very poor, stagnant, centrally-controlled, vastly inefficient, and relatively isolated from the global economy. Since opening up to foreign trade and investment and implementing free market reforms in 1979, China has been among the world's fastest-growing economies, with real annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth averaging nearly 10% through 2016. In recent years, China has emerged as a major global economic power. It is now the world's largest economy (on a purchasing power parity basis), manufacturer, merchandise trader, and holder of foreign exchange reserves.The global economic crisis that began in 2008 greatly affected China's economy. China's exports, imports, and foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows declined, GDP growth slowed, and millions of Chinese workers reportedly lost their jobs. The Chinese government responded by implementing a $586 billion economic stimulus package and loosening monetary policies to increase bank lending. Such policies enabled China to effectively weather the effects of the sharp global fall in demand for Chinese products, but may have contributed to overcapacity in several industries and increased debt by Chinese firms and local government. China's economy has slowed in recent years. Real GDP growth has slowed in each of the past six years, dropping from 10.6% in 2010 to 6.7% in 2016, and is projected to slow to 5.7% by 2022.The Chinese government has attempted to steer the economy to a new normal of slower, but more stable and sustainable, economic growth. Yet, concerns have deepened in recent years over the health of the Chinese economy. On August 11, 2015, the Chinese government announced that the daily reference rate of the renminbi (RMB) would become more market-oriented. Over the next three days, the RMB depreciated against the dollar and led to charges that China's goal was to boost exports to help stimulate the economy (which some suspect is in worse shape than indicated by official Chinese economic statistics). Concerns over the state of the Chinese economy appear to have often contributed to volatility in global stock indexes in recent years.The ability of China to maintain a rapidly growing economy in the long run will likely depend largely on the ability of the Chinese government to implement comprehensive economic reforms that more quickly hasten China's transition to a free market economy; rebalance the Chinese economy by making consumer demand, rather than exporting and fixed investment, the main engine of economic growth; boost productivity and innovation; address growing income disparities; and enhance environmental protection. The Chinese government has acknowledged that its current economic growth model needs to be altered and has announced several initiatives to address various economic challenges. In November 2013, the Communist Party of China held the Third Plenum of its 18th Party Congress, which outlined a number of broad policy reforms to boost competition and economic efficiency. For example, the communique stated that the market would now play a decisive role in allocating resources in the economy. At the same time, however, the communique emphasized the continued important role of the state sector in China's economy. In addition, many foreign firms have complained that the business climate in China has worsened in recent years. Thus, it remains unclear how committed the Chinese government is to implementing new comprehensive economic reforms.China's economic rise has significant implications for the United States and hence is of major interest to Congress. This report provides background on China's economic rise; describes its current economic structure; identifies the challenges China faces to maintain economic growth; and discusses the challenges, opportunities, and implications of China's economic rise. |
| chinese special economic zones: Pioneering Economic Reforms in China's Special Economic Zones Weiping Wu, 1999 This text examines the performance of China's Special Economic Zones (SEZs), particularly in attracting foreign investment and promoting technology transfer, through an in-depth case study of the largest zone - Shenzhen. The major theme is that spatial placement and unique planning activities, which are not found elsewhere within China, are more important in explaining the performance of SEZs than is acknowledged in the existing literature. The significant growth of foreign investment is primarily a possitive function of proximity to major countries of origin, inphysical, economic, cultural and political terms; and is also positively related to favourable local policy environment. Labour cost differentials between the zones and other potential sites in China and domestic market potential in contrast to traditional neoclassical theory, are only residual factors. The manuscript offers a unique resource for China scholars, policy makers concerned with economic development, and business interested in investing in China. |
| chinese special economic zones: Making Of An Economic Superpower, The: Unlocking China's Secret Of Rapid Industrialization Yi Wen, 2016-05-13 The rise of China is no doubt one of the most important events in world economic history since the Industrial Revolution. Mainstream economics, especially the institutional theory of economic development based on a dichotomy of extractive vs. inclusive political institutions, is highly inadequate in explaining China's rise. This book argues that only a radical reinterpretation of the history of the Industrial Revolution and the rise of the West (as incorrectly portrayed by the institutional theory) can fully explain China's growth miracle and why the determined rise of China is unstoppable despite its current 'backward' financial system and political institutions. Conversely, China's spectacular and rapid transformation from an impoverished agrarian society to a formidable industrial superpower sheds considerable light on the fundamental shortcomings of the institutional theory and mainstream 'blackboard' economic models, and provides more-accurate reevaluations of historical episodes such as Africa's enduring poverty trap despite radical political and economic reforms, Latin America's lost decades and frequent debt crises, 19th century Europe's great escape from the Malthusian trap, and the Industrial Revolution itself. |
| chinese special economic zones: The Political Economy of China's Economic Zones George T. Crane, 2019-07-04 In 1979 China launched a new international economic policy with the establishment of four Special Economic Zones (SEZs): Shenzhen, Zhuhai, and Shantou in Guangdong Province and Xiamen in Fujian Province. Modelled loosely on export processing zones and free trade zones found in other less developed countries, the SEZs offer a variety of financial inducements to foreign investors in order to harness international business for national economic advantage. Designed to be a cornerstone of China's economic reforms, by 1985 the SEZs (in the mid-80s zone-like policies were extended to fourteen coastal cities) were scandal-ridden and fraught with serious problems. This work, the first book-length analysis in English of China's SEZs, examines the problems and promise of this innovative approach to structural economic reform and the comparative significance of the SEZs. |
| chinese special economic zones: China's Second Revolution Harry Harding, 2010-12-01 China has, since 1976, been enmeshed in an extraordinary program of renewal and reform. The obvious changes—the T-shirts, blue jeans, makeup and jewelry worn by Chinese youth; the disco music blaring from radios and loudspeakers on Chinese streets; the television antennas mushrooming from both urban apartment complexes and suburban peasant housing; the bustling free markets selling meat, vegetables and clothing in China's major cities—reflect a fundamental shift in the government's policy toward the economy and political life. Although doubts about the long-term commitment to reform arose after the student protests in December 1986 and the dismissal of Party General Secretary Hu Yaobang in January 1987, the scope of reform has been so broad and the pace of change so rapid, that the post-Mao era fully warrants Den Xiaoping's description of it as the second revolution undertaken by the Chinese Communist Party. |
| chinese special economic zones: New Progress in China's Special Economic Zones Xiuping Sun, Wen Chen, Xiansheng Lei, Sheng-chʻüan Kao, 1997 |
| chinese special economic zones: Military Activities in the EEZ , 2010 |
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Chinese (simplified Chinese: 汉语; traditional Chinese: 漢語; pinyin: Hànyǔ; lit. ' Han language' or 中文; Zhōngwén; 'Chinese writing') is a group of languages [d] spoken natively by the ethnic …
China Chef Columbia
China Chef Columbia is a Chinese restaurant serving a wide array of fine traditional Chinese dishes. We not only offer amazing Chinese food but also serve it in a pleasant atmosphere …
The Best 10 Chinese Restaurants near Crossville, TN 38555 - Yelp
Ah Mah and Son Asian Eatery. “Freshly made Chinese food in a nice clean environment. Great place for a quick lunch or family...” more. 2. China King. 3. A Taste of China. 4. China New …
THE BEST 10 CHINESE RESTAURANTS in FRANKLIN, TN - Yelp
Most authentic Chinese cuisine middle Tennessee! Small "hole in the wall" family...” more. 4. New China. 5. Changhong Spicy Hot Pot. “Absolutely amazing, authentic Chinese food! The super …
Chinese - World Languages and Cultures Department
With written records stretching back more than 4000 years, Chinese language and culture are amongst the world’s oldest. In recent decades, the country has become the world’s …
No1 Chinese Chinese Food Franklin, TN 37064 Online Order! , …
No1 Chinese Franklin, TN 37064 Authentic Chinese cuisine available for delivery and carry out. Hunan, Szechuan, Cantonee specialities and lunch specials.
WokChow Fire Seared Asian – Chinese Food in Knoxville TN with …
WokChow is Knoxville’s best place to enjoy your favorite Asian Dishes, whether it be Teriyaki Chicken, Beef Lo-mein, or many other items, WokChow has it! Serving Dine-in, Take-out, or …
The Best Chinese Food in Nashville
Nov 19, 2024 · Whether you want to dine in a hip space with natural wine pairings or grab fast-casual dumplings to go, here are the best restaurants to find Chinese food in Nashville. For all …
China Garden - Zmenu
China Garden, located at 130 Walmart Dr #100 in Smithville, Tennessee, is a Chinese restaurant offering a variety of dining options for lunch and dinner. With its fast service, China Garden …
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Humboldt, TN 38343 Chinese food for Pickup - Order from New China in Humboldt, TN 38343, phone: 731-337-7114
Chinese language - Wikipedia
Chinese (simplified Chinese: 汉语; traditional Chinese: 漢語; pinyin: Hànyǔ; lit. ' Han language' or 中文; Zhōngwén; 'Chinese writing') is a group of languages [d] spoken natively by the ethnic …
China Chef Columbia
China Chef Columbia is a Chinese restaurant serving a wide array of fine traditional Chinese dishes. We not only offer amazing Chinese food but also serve it in a pleasant atmosphere …
The Best 10 Chinese Restaurants near Crossville, TN 38555 - Yelp
Ah Mah and Son Asian Eatery. “Freshly made Chinese food in a nice clean environment. Great place for a quick lunch or family...” more. 2. China King. 3. A Taste of China. 4. China New …
THE BEST 10 CHINESE RESTAURANTS in FRANKLIN, TN - Yelp
Most authentic Chinese cuisine middle Tennessee! Small "hole in the wall" family...” more. 4. New China. 5. Changhong Spicy Hot Pot. “Absolutely amazing, authentic Chinese food! The super …
Chinese - World Languages and Cultures Department
With written records stretching back more than 4000 years, Chinese language and culture are amongst the world’s oldest. In recent decades, the country has become the world’s …
No1 Chinese Chinese Food Franklin, TN 37064 Online Order! , …
No1 Chinese Franklin, TN 37064 Authentic Chinese cuisine available for delivery and carry out. Hunan, Szechuan, Cantonee specialities and lunch specials.
WokChow Fire Seared Asian – Chinese Food in Knoxville TN with …
WokChow is Knoxville’s best place to enjoy your favorite Asian Dishes, whether it be Teriyaki Chicken, Beef Lo-mein, or many other items, WokChow has it! Serving Dine-in, Take-out, or …
The Best Chinese Food in Nashville
Nov 19, 2024 · Whether you want to dine in a hip space with natural wine pairings or grab fast-casual dumplings to go, here are the best restaurants to find Chinese food in Nashville. For all …
China Garden - Zmenu
China Garden, located at 130 Walmart Dr #100 in Smithville, Tennessee, is a Chinese restaurant offering a variety of dining options for lunch and dinner. With its fast service, China Garden …
