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| china and nigeria economic relations: The economic Relations between China and Nigeria Lawrence Okolo Abutu, 2012-12-27 Master's Thesis from the year 2012 in the subject Politics - Region: Other States, grade: None, Xiamen University (Research School of South-east Asian Studies), course: International Relations, language: English, abstract: This paper examines China-Nigeria economic-political relations. On February 10, 1971 a historical stage was set between China and Nigeria, one of not only bilateral relations but of mutual respect for each other. Although this relationship dates back to more than three decades, recent developments call for a careful and detailed analysis of this union and to this end, i seek to provide analysis of the relationship with respect to investment, trade, aid, and economic cooperation. Recent developments in China and Nigeria relationship are not unconnected with the renewed ties between the two giants as Nigeria has become one of China's most important trading partners in Africa. The contemporary waves of diplomatic relations appear to a reasonable extent mutually beneficial. Nigeria’s quest for development with an aggressive campaign for FDI as one of the motivating forces has opened the economy which China is seen as an ideal business partner. Accordingly, this paper, through a critical review of the literature examines, and evaluates the opportunities and challenges abound in the nascent economic and trade relationships, and discusses the prospects of the deals for the Chinese, Nigerian, and African socio-economic growth. Key words: China, Nigeria, Economic-Political Relations, Trade, FDI |
| china and nigeria economic relations: The China-U.S. Trade War and Future Economic Relations Lawrence J. Lau, 2018-12-14 The relation between China and the United States is arguably the most important bilateral relation in the world today. The U.S. and China are respectively the largest and the second largest economies in the world. They are also respectively the largest and the second largest trading nations in the world as well as each other’s most important trading partner. If China and the U.S. work together as partners towards a common goal, many things are possible. However, there exist significant friction and potential conflict in their economic relations. The large and persistent U.S.-China bilateral trade deficit is one of the problems. It is essential to know the true state of the China-U.S. trade balance before effective solutions can be devised to narrow the trade surplus or deficit. The impacts and potential impacts of the 2018 trade war between China and the U.S. on the two economies are analysed and discussed. The longterm forces that underlie the economic relations between the two countries beyond the 2018 trade war are examined. In this connection, how a “new type of major-power relation” between the two countries can help to keep the competition friendly and avert a war between them is explored. ~~~~~~~~ Lawrence J. Lau’s timely The China-U.S. Trade War and Future Economic Relations is full of careful analysis, penetrating insight and helpful suggestions from the world’s preeminent economist on this relationship. —Michael J. Boskin Tully M. Friedman Professor of Economics, Stanford University Former Chair, U.S. President’s Council of Economic Advisers This sober and systematic study of U.S.-China trade relations and of technological development in the two countries is particularly timely. Lawrence Lau is one of the world’s foremost economists working on these issues. —Dwight H. Perkins Harold Hitchings Burbank Professor of Political Economy, Emeritus Former Chair, Department of Economics, Harvard University This is a timely and penetrating analysis of the China-U.S. trade and economic relations, from its origins to its impacts and to a way forward. —Yingyi Qian Chairman of the Council, Westlake University Former Dean, School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University Counsellor of the State Council, People’s Republic of China Lawrence Lau’s book on the current U.S.-China trade war is insightful, balanced and comprehensive; rich in data on trade, investment, science and technology. It is essential reading for anyone who wants to get past the headlines. —A. Michael Spence Nobel Laureate in Economic Sciences (2001) Senior Fellow, The Hoover Institution, Stanford University Lawrence Lau brings light in the form of rigorous honest fact-based economic analysis to a subject where most of the discussion has been heated bluster, false claims, and political rhetoric. —Lawrence H. Summers Former U.S. Secretary of the Treasury; Former President, Harvard University There is no topic more important, or more timely, or more urgent, than the China-U.S. trade war. Professor Lau is the ideal person to write about the implications of the China-U.S. trade war and the proposed resolution. —Tung Chee-Hwa Vice-Chairman, Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference National Committee Chairman, China-U.S. Exchange Foundation The history of Sino-American relations, to a great extent, has been a shared history. Lawrence Lau’s timely and penetrating study will tell us it is still in best interest for both countries if they continue to pursue a shared journey and destination instead of parting ways. —Xu Guoqi Kerry Group Professor in Globalization History, The University of Hong Kong Author of Chinese and Americans: A Shared History This beautifully composed book uses nontechnical language to unravel the intricacies of the 2018 U.S.-China trade war, together with its long-term impact. I learned a lot from reading it. —Chen-Ning Yang Nobel Laureate in Physics (1957) |
| china and nigeria economic relations: Political Economy of Nigeria Claude Ake, 1985 |
| china and nigeria economic relations: The Implications of China-Taiwan Economic Liberalization Daniel H. Rosen, Zhi Wang, 2011 China and Taiwan have built one of the most intertwined and important economic relationships in the world, and yet that relationship is not mutually open, compliant with World Trade Organization norms, or even fully institutionalized. What's more, despite massive trade and investment flows, the boundary between the two is a serious flashpoint for potential conflict. But leaders in Beijing and Taipei have committed to normalize and deepen their economic intercourse and open a new post-Cold War era in their relationship. While the political significance of this gambit has captured attention worldwide, the scope of opening intended and the bilateral, regional, and global effects likely to ensue are as yet poorly understood. This volume attempts to remedy that uncertainty with careful modeling combined with a qualitative assessment of the implications of the cross-strait economic opening now agreed in an Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA). The study explores the implications for Taiwan and China, for their neighbors, and for the United States if this undertaking is fully implemented by 2020. |
| china and nigeria economic relations: South Africa–China Relations Chris Alden, Yu-Shan Wu, 2021-01-23 With the pace of trade and investment picking up, coupled with closer international cooperation with Beijing through the G20, FOCAC and BRICS grouping, South Africa-China ties are assuming a significant position in continental and even global affairs. At the same time, it is a relationship of paradoxes, breaking with many of the assumptions that underpin contemporary analyses of ‘China-Africa’ ties. This edited volume examines the South Africa-China relationship through a survey of its diplomatic partnership, economic ties, and broader community relations. These important aspects that are often conflated as a single relationship, yet what is important to explore are how these components reflect different China-South Africa relationship(s), and how they intersect. |
| china and nigeria economic relations: The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics A. Carl LeVan, Patrick Ukata, 2018 This volume is an authoritative and agenda-setting examination of Nigerian politics. |
| china and nigeria economic relations: The Power of the Chinese Dragon Spencer Henson, Fiona Yap, 2015-11-16 This important reader brings together published articles from Palgrave's journal The European Journal of Development Research on the development between China and Africa as well as emerging national economies in the BRICs group. Topics include trade relations, investment in sub-Saharan Africa, global politics of development and more. |
| china and nigeria economic relations: China-Africa and an Economic Transformation Arkebe Oqubay, Justin Yifu Lin, 2019 This volume considers China-Africa relations in the context of a global division of labour and power, and through the history and experiences of both China and Africa. It examines the core ideas of structural transformation, productive investment and industrialization, international trade, infrastructure development, and financing. |
| china and nigeria economic relations: China and Africa Chris Alden, Abiodun Alao, Zhang Chun, Laura Barber, 2017-08-24 This book investigates the expanding involvement of China in security cooperation in Africa. Drawing on leading and emerging scholars in the field, the volume uses a combination of analytical insights and case studies to unpack the complexity of security challenges confronting China and the continent. It interrogates how security considerations impact upon the growing economic and social links China has developed with African states. |
| china and nigeria economic relations: China and Africa Richard Schiere, Léonce Ndikumana, Peter Walkenhorst, 2011 |
| china and nigeria economic relations: Chinese Engagement in Africa Larry Hanauer, Lyle J. Morris, 2014-03-12 Examines Chinese engagement with African nations, focusing on (1) Chinese and African objectives in the political and economic spheres and how they work to achieve them, (2) African perceptions of Chinese engagement, (3) how China has adjusted its policies to accommodate African views, and (4) whether the United States and China are competing for influence, access, and resources in Africa and how they might cooperate in the region. |
| china and nigeria economic relations: China’s New Role in African Politics Christof Hartmann, Nele Noesselt, 2019-10-21 China's rise to global power status in recent decades has been accompanied by deepening economic relationships with Africa, with the New Silk Road's extension to Sub-Saharan Africa as the latest step, leading to much academic debate about the influence of Chinese business in the continent. However, China's engagement with African states at the political and diplomatic level has received less attention in the literature. This book investigates the impact of Chinese policies on African politics, asking how China deals with political instability in Africa and in turn how Africans perceive China to be helping or hindering political stability. While China officially operates with a foreign policy strategy which conceives of Africa as one integrated monolithic area (with the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) the flagship of inter-continental cooperation), this book highlights the plurality of context-specific interaction patterns between China and African elites, demonstrating how China's role and relevance has differently evolved according to whether African countries are resource-rich and geostrategically important from the Chinese perspective or not. By looking comparatively at a range of different country cases, the book aims to promote a more thorough understanding of how China reacts to political stability and instability, and in which ways the country contributes to domestic political dynamics and stability within African states. China’s New Role in African Politics will be of interest to researchers from across Political Science, International Relations, International Law and Economy, Security Studies, and African and Chinese Studies. |
| china and nigeria economic relations: China Returns to Africa Chris Alden, 2008 The geopolitical landscape of contemporary China-Africa relations has provoked wide media interest. After being conspicuously overlooked during the G8's purported 'Year of Africa', the topic generated wider debate in the build-up to the China-Africa Summit in Beijing in 2006. Despite this, China's deepening re-engagement with the African continent has been relatively neglected in academic and development policy circles. In particular, the concrete ways in which different Chinese actors are operating in different parts of Africa, their political dynamics and implications for African development as well as Western views of this phenomenon, have yet be explored in depth.China Returns to Africa responds to this need by addressing the key issues in contemporary China-Africa relations. Taking its cue from the widely touted 'Chinese Scramble for Africa' and the accompanying claim of a 'new Chinese imperialism', the book moves beyond narrow media-driven concerns to offer one of the first far-ranging surveys of China's return to Africa, examining what this new relationship holds for diplomacy, trade and development. |
| china and nigeria economic relations: Failed State 2030 , 2011 This monograph describes how a failed state in 2030 may impact the United States and the global economy. It also identifies critical capabilities and technologies the US Air Force should have to respond to a failed state, especially one of vital interest to the United States and one on the cusp of a civil war. Nation-states can fail for a myriad of reasons: cultural or religious conflict, a broken social contract between the government and the governed, a catastrophic natural disaster, financial collapse, war and so forth. Nigeria with its vast oil wealth, large population, and strategic position in Africa and the global economy can, if it fails disproportionately affect the United States and the global economy. Nigeria, like many nations in Africa, gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1960. It is the most populous country in Africa and will have nearly 250 million people by 2030. In its relatively short modern history, Nigeria has survived five military coups as well as separatist and religious wars, is mired in an active armed insurgency, is suffering from disastrous ecological conditions in its Niger Delta region, and is fighting one of the modern world's worst legacies of political and economic corruption. A nation with more than 350 ethnic groups, 250 languages, and three distinct religious affiliations--Christian, Islamic, and animist Nigeria's 135 million people today are anything but homogenous. Of Nigeria's 36 states, 12 are Islamic and under the strong and growing influence of the Sokoto caliphate. While religious and ethnic violence are commonplace, the federal government has managed to strike a tenuous balance among the disparate religious and ethnic factions. With such demographics, Nigeria's failure would be akin to a piece of fine china dropped on a tile floor--it would simply shatter into potentially hundreds of pieces.--DTIC abstract. |
| china and nigeria economic relations: China Safari Serge Michel, Michel Beuret, 2009-06-30 China has now taken Great Britain's place as Africa's third largest business partner. Where others only see chaos, the Chinese see opportunities. With no colonial past and no political preconditions, China is bringing investment and needed infrastructure to a continent that has been largely ignored by Western companies or nations. Traveling from Beijing to Khartoum, Algiers to Brazzaville, the authors tell the story of China's economic ventures in Africa. What they find is tantamount to a geopolitical earthquake: The possibility that China will help Africa direct its own fate and finally bring light to the so-called dark continent, making it a force to be reckoned with internationally. |
| china and nigeria economic relations: Prospects for Trade between Nigeria and its Neighbours OECD, Sahel and West Africa Club, 2001-02-28 Prospects for Trade between Nigeria and its Neighbours describes the still largely informal trade in the region, analysing constraints to its growth and some possible future developments. |
| china and nigeria economic relations: Africa in China's Global Strategy Marcel Kitissou, 2007-08-31 China, in the past five years, has developed a proactive global policy and is emerging as a new global power with particular focus on developing countries in Central Asia, Southeast Asia, Latin America and Africa. What is the role of Africa in China's emerging global foreign policy? In 1998, China's aid to Africa was $107 million. By 2004, it had reached $2.7 billion, 26% of its international assistance that year. In 2005, Africa-China trade reached $40 billion, 35% up from the previous year. China is interested mainly in four sectors: infrastructure projects, regional banks such as the African Development Bank, training of African professionals particularly in economic management, and institutions of higher education with the goal of establishing Chinese language programs. The human factor is also important. Chinese Diaspora is fast increasing. For example, in Zambia, it grew from 3,000 to 30,000 in ten years and, in South Africa, from practically none to 300,000. African countries constitute a new market for Chinese products. They also provide a source of raw materials. Today, the continent supplies 30% of China's import of oil and gas, Angola being the largest supplier with 522,000 barrels of oil per day to China. The last five years, Chinese oil companies spent $15 billion acquiring oil fields and local companies. The appetite for raw materials goes beyond oil and gas and China's foreign political strategy is primarily to solve its own domestic problems and protect its interests in the global arena. Will Africa be a pawn or a player in this emerging geopolitical game? Will China's deepening relations with the continent represent a new opportunity for African countries to negotiate a new partnership and skillfully use it to the best advantage of their citizens? These are some of the questions contributors to the volume have tried to answer by examining various facets of these deepening relations and underlining areas of concerns as well as the opportunities for mutually rewarding relations. |
| china and nigeria economic relations: The Rise of China and India in Africa Fantu Cheru, Cyril Obi, 2010-03-11 In recent years, China and India have become the most important economic partners of Africa and their footprints are growing by leaps and bounds, transforming Africa's international relations in a dramatic way. Although the overall impact of China and India's engagement in Africa has been positive in the short-term, partly as a result of higher returns from commodity exports fuelled by excessive demands from both countries, little research exists on the actual impact of China and India's growing involvement on Africa's economic transformation. This book examines in detail the opportunities and challenges posed by the increasing presence of China and India in Africa, and proposes critical interventions that African governments must undertake in order to negotiate with China and India from a stronger and more informed platform. |
| china and nigeria economic relations: Going Beyond Aid Justin Yifu Lin, Yan Wang, 2017-01-20 Developing countries have for decades been trying to catch up with the industrialized high-income countries, but only a few have succeeded. Historically, structural transformation has been a powerful engine of growth and job creation. Traditional development aid is inadequate to address the bottlenecks for structural transformation, and is hence ineffective. In this book, Justin Yifu Lin and Yan Wang use the theoretical foundations of New Structural Economics to examine South-South development aid and cooperation from the angle of structural transformation. By studying the successful economic transformation of countries such as China and South Korea through 'multiple win' solutions based on comparative advantages and economy of scale, and by presenting new ideas and different perspectives from emerging market economies such as Brazil, India and other BRICS countries, they bring a new narrative to broaden the ongoing discussions of post-2015 development aid and cooperation as well as the definitions of aid and cooperation. |
| china and nigeria economic relations: Nigeria - U.S. Trade Relations in the Non-Oil Sector Gbadebo Olusegun Odularu, 2008-11 In as much as trade fosters economic development, it also exacerbates poverty, especially in the sub Saharan African (SSA) countries. Against this backdrop, this study will increase our understanding of the estimation of non-oil commodity trade flows between Nigeria and the U.S. More specifically, the study aims to analysing the impact of African Growth Opportunity Act (AGOA) on the U.S. imports of non-oil products from Nigeria. The research objectives are woven around the following questions: - What is the nature of Nigeria's and the U.S.'s foreign trade policies with particular reference to non-oil trade? - What are the patterns, magnitude, composition and trends in Nigeria-US non-oil trade? - Which economic sectors possess greatest potential for fostering trade in the non-oil sector between Nigeria and the U.S.? - What is the impact of AGOA on the diversification and growth of non-oil exports in Nigeria? This study adopts the difference-in-differences (DiD) as the research methodology. Within the Nigerian context, DiD intuitively compares the trends in imports of AGOA non-oil products before and after AGOA with the pattern of imports of non-AGOA non-oil products before and after AGOA, controlling for the timing of AGOA, import capacity and economic performance of both U.S. and Nigeria. Using the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Integrated Data Base (IDB), the empirical analysis reveals that AGOA non-oil products increased by as much as 182 percent with the implementation of AGOA, while the non-AGOA non-oil products fell by 76 percent. Conclusively, AGOA has had a considerably positive impact on the Nigerian non-oil sector at the general level. The policy implication of the empirical analysis is the need for the U.S. to expand the product coverage and opportunities of AGOA non-oil products in order for AGOA to achieve its objectives of using trade as a potent tool for promoting economic growth in SSA. |
| china and nigeria economic relations: China's African Revolution Alan Hutchison, 1976 |
| china and nigeria economic relations: Chinese State Owned Enterprises in West Africa Katy Ngan Ting Lam, 2016-12-08 This book investigates the globalization process of Chinese state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in West Africa, primarily in Benin and Ghana, based on ethnographical studies. It challenges the dominant vision of a powerful China in Africa, and argues that the so-called Chinese business advantages – monolithic Chinese state and Chinese low cost advantages, are non-viable for sustaining Chinese business development in the continent. Considering the Chinese SOEs globalization process in a relational approach, this book examines how the triple embeddedness (Chinese, African and managerial) shapes the Chinese SOEs globalization process over time and space, in diverse dimensions and among different entities – the Chinese state, Chinese SOEs, Chinese expatriates, the African government, African business partners, African staff, and the African society. It illustrates that the Chinese central state has retreated deliberately from its SOE globalization in Africa. The Chinese SOEs and Chinese expats are the major actors in initiating and inventing globalization strategies, facing limited Chinese state support and the African neopatrimonial governance and social contexts. Besides, the personal trajectories (from expatriation to social promotion) of Chinese SOE expats interweave with the globalization-turn-localization of their SOEs in Africa. Rejecting the linear, static and binary vision of powerful China in powerless Africa, the present study thus emphasizes power dynamics in Chinese SOEs’ globalization process are organic and pluralistic though in certain extent hierarchical –second-class. Time and local relations are key elements constituting the real Chinese advantages for Chinese SOEs vis-a-vis their ultimate competitors – not Western companies, but other Chinese companies. |
| china and nigeria economic relations: China in Africa Arthur Waldron, 2008 Beginning in earnest at the turn of the twenty-first century, China embarked on a robust multilevel engagement strategy with a number of African states on three simultaneous fronts--economic, political, and military. The push was predicated by Beijing's need to secure energy and natural resources to fuel its booming economy and bolster its position as the world's manufacturing hub. The depth of China's engagement cannot be understated, and its increasing stakes in the security dimension of Africa's myriad conflicts is affecting the geopolitical landscape of a continent that has been in the past an exclusive domain of the West. C hina in Africa examines the multifaceted effects of China's engagement with the continent, both its many risks and opportunities. It provides critical and relevant information for understanding the strategic drivers, trends, and the potential impact of China in Africa. The book covers Chinese soft and hard power, energy and arms relations, and China's relations with individual African countries: Angola, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Somalia, Sudan, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Ultimately, this volume serves to assist in improving U.S. policymakers' understanding of China's role in Africa and ensure that appropriate measures are taken to secure American interests in the region. Contributors include Mauro De Lorenzo (American Enterprise Institute), Drew Thompson (Nixon Center), Wenran Jiang (University of Alberta), Paul Hare (U.S.-Angola Chamber of Commerce), Susan M. Puska (Defense Group, Inc.), Ian Taylor (University of St. Andrews), Chris Zambelis (Helios Global, Inc.), David Shinn (GeorgeWashington University), Joshua Eisenman (American Foreign Policy Council), Yitzhak Shichor (University of Haifa), Greg Mills and Christopher Thompson (Brenthurst Foundation), Andrew McGregor (Aberfoyle International), and John C. K. Daly (United Press International). |
| china and nigeria economic relations: The Contemporary West African Economic Development and its Relations with China Lawrence Okolo Abutu, 2013-01-07 Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2012 in the subject Economics - Case Scenarios, grade: none, Xiamen University (Research School of South-east Asian studies), course: World Economy, language: English, abstract: The rise of China may well be the most significant trend today redefining the geopolitics of Asia and the world beyond. This reflects in the influx of economic activities from various foreign investors who are attracted to the existence of a market for their products and services in the over 1.3 billion populated country. This also has some connections with the country’s investments in other countries such as Sub Saharan Africa. For example Africa supplied 77% of oil, 13 % of metalliferous ore, 3% of cotton, 2% wood, 3% pear and precious stones to Chinese economy, and on the demand side African economy sourced 5% industrial equipment, 7% electrical appliances, 8% telecommunication equipment, 8% transport vehicles, 14% clothing wares, and 16% textiles from the Chinese economy. Essentially, this significant development about China has been severally linked to its ‘open-door policy’ which took effect from the 1980s Although, Sino-Nigerian economic interdependence has grown exponentially over the past few decades, the contemporary waves of diplomatic relations appear to a reasonable extent mutually beneficial. Nigeria’s quest for development with an aggressive campaign for FDI as one of the motivating forces has opened the economy which China is seen as an ideal business partner. Accordingly, this paper, through a critical review of the literature examines, and evaluates the opportunities and challenges abound in the nascent economic and trade relationships, and discusses the future prospects of the deals for the Chinese, Nigerian, and African socio-economic growth. Key Words: Africa, China, FDI, Economic, Nigeria, Relations, Investments |
| china and nigeria economic relations: China's Changing Trade and the Implications for the CLMV Mr.Koshy Mathai, Gee Hee Hong, Sung Eun Jung, Jochen M. Schmittmann, Jiangyan Yu, 2016-09-01 China’s trade patterns are evolving. While it started in light manufacturing and the assembly of more sophisticated products as part of global supply chains, China is now moving up the value chain, “onshoring” the production of higher-value-added upstream products and moving into more sophisticated downstream products as well. At the same time, with its wages rising, it has started to exit some lower-end, more labor-intensive sectors. These changes are taking place in the broader context of China’s rebalancing—away from exports and toward domestic demand, and within the latter, away from investment and toward consumption—and as a consequence, demand for some commodity imports is slowing, while consumption imports are slowly rising. The evolution of Chinese trade, investment, and consumption patterns offers opportunities and challenges to low-wage, low-income countries, including China’s neighbors in the Mekong region. Cambodia, Lao P.D.R., Myanmar, and Vietnam (the CLMV) are all open economies that are highly integrated with China. Rebalancing in China may mean less of a role for commodity exports from the region, but at the same time, the CLMV’s low labor costs suggest that manufacturing assembly for export could take off as China becomes less competitive, and as China itself demands more consumption items. Labor costs, however, are only part of the story. The CLMV will need to strengthen their infrastructure, education, governance, and trade regimes, and also run sound macro policies in order to capitalize fully on the opportunities presented by China’s transformation. With such policy efforts, the CLMV could see their trade and integration with global supply chains grow dramatically in the coming years. |
| china and nigeria economic relations: By All Means Necessary Elizabeth Economy, Michael Levi, 2014-03 From two leading scholars in the field, a comprehensive account of the Chinese economy's explosive growth over the past 25 years. |
| china and nigeria economic relations: China's New Role in Africa Ian Taylor, 2009 Although China denies that it harbors ambitions to become a superpower, its leadership has made clear its intention that the country be a major player in the global arena. Against this backdrop, Ian Taylor explores the nature and implications of China's burgeoning role in Africa. Taylor argues that Beijing is using Africa not only as a source of needed raw materials and potential new markets, but also to bolster its own position on the international stage. After tracing the history of Sino-African relations, he addresses key current issues: What will be the long-term consequences, for example, of China's successes in securing access to the continent's oil? How will cheap Chinese imports affect Africa's manufacturing base? What has been the impact of China's arms sales to Africa?--P. 227. |
| china and nigeria economic relations: The USSR in Third World Conflicts Bruce D. Porter, 1986-07-25 This is a thorough and sophisticated study of one of the most critical current issues in world politics. Bruce Porter examines Soviet policy and behaviour in Third World conflicts in the postwar period, focusing particularly on five examples: the Yemeni civil war, the Nigerian civil war, the Yom Kippur war, the Angolan civil war, and the Ogaden war. Aiming to illuminate various complex tactical and operational aspects of the USSR's policy in local conflicts, the author draws on a wide and eclectic range of sources. He pays close attention to the Soviet role as arms supplier and diplomatic actor in relation to both US policy and the dynamics of the local conflict, and he concludes with a careful consideration of the effectiveness of Soviet policy and of the implications for the United States. |
| china and nigeria economic relations: The Oxford Handbook of Industrial Hubs and Economic Development Arkebe Oqubay, Justin Yifu Lin, 2020-07-23 Industrialization supported by industrial hubs has been widely associated with structural transformation and catch-up. But while the direct economic benefits of industrial hubs are significant, their value lies first and foremost in their contribution as incubators of industrialization, production and technological capability, and innovation. The Oxford Handbook of Industrial Hubs and Economic Development adopts an interdisciplinary approach to examine the conceptual underpinnings, review empirical evidence of regions and economies, and extract pertinent lessons for policy reasearchers and practitioners on the key drivers of success and failure for industrial hubs. This Handbook illustrates the diverse and complex nature of industrial hubs and shows how they promote industrialization, economic structural transformation, and technological catch-up. It explores the implications of emerging issues and trends such as environmental protection and sustainability, technological advancement, shifts in the global economy, and urbanization. |
| china and nigeria economic relations: China's Belt and Road: A Game Changer? Alessia Amighini (a cura di), 2017-07-11 Officially announced by Xi Jinping in 2013, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has since become the centrepiece of China’s economic diplomacy. It is a commitment to ease bottlenecks to Eurasian trade by improving and building networks of connectivity across Central and Western Asia, where the BRI aims to act as a bond for the projects of regional cooperation and integration already in progress in Southern Asia. But it also reaches out to the Middle East as well as East and North Africa, a truly strategic area where the Belt joins the Road. Europe, the end-point of the New Silk Roads, both by land and by sea, is the ultimate geographic destination and political partner in the BRI. This report provides an in-depth analysis of the BRI, its logic, rationale and implications for international economic and political relations. |
| china and nigeria economic relations: China's Rise C. Fred Bergsten, 2009 Helps the United States and the rest of the world better comprehend the facts and dynamics underpinning China's rise. This book analyzes the data on China's economy, foreign and domestic policy, and national security. |
| china and nigeria economic relations: Chinese Media in Africa Emeka Umejei, 2020-07-23 Chinese Media in Africa: Perception, Performance, and Paradox analyzes the debate on Chinese media expansion in Africa and its implication for the African media landscape by engaging with African journalists who train and work in Chinese media organizations based in Africa. Emeka Umejei analyzes how African journalists that enter the sphere of Chinese media, often with libertarian notions of journalism, are able to navigate the collisions and collusions that inform journalism in these settings. Through extensive interviews with African journalists, Umejei explores the constant negotiation of freedoms—including the ability to always work in relation to African reality—within state-controlled media organizations. These interviews bring to light the paradoxical nature of Chinese media organizations that both preach equality with Africa and simultaneously promote Chinese hegemony in the media, highlighting the diverse contours that shape and influence journalism practices in these settings. Scholars of journalism, media studies, African studies, international relations, and sociology will find this book particularly useful. |
| china and nigeria economic relations: Managing Uncertainty Patrick Okedinachi Utomi, 1998 Very few volumes on competitive strategy deal with the peculiarity of developing country environments. Fewer still try to bring public policy and business policy together in a way that provides a holistic framework for evaluating strategic decision options. This study is about decision-making, and rivalry between business enterprises in emerging markets. It is also about how the social, political and economic environments affect how these businesses make decisions. The author drawing on his experience in government and industry, uses Nigeria as a case study, addressing the causes of Nigeria's prolonged economic stagnation and how this has affected business performance. |
| china and nigeria economic relations: Africa's Silk Road Harry G. Broadman, 2006-11-08 China and India's new-found interest in trade and investment with Africa - home to 300 million of the globe's poorest people and the world's most formidable development challenge - presents a significant opportunity for growth and integration of theSub-Saharan continent into the global economy. Africa's Silk Road finds that China and India's South-South commerce with Africa isabout far more than natural resources, opening the way for Africato become a processor of commodities and a competitive supplier of goods and services to these countries - a major departure from its long established relations with the North. A growing number of Chinese and Indian businesses active in Africa operate on a global scale, work with world-class technologies, produce products and services according to the most demanding standards, and foster the integration of African businesses into advanced markets.There are significant imbalances, however, in these emerging commercial relationships. These can be addressed through a series of reforms in all countries: 'At-the-border' reforms, such as elimination of China and India's escalating tariffs on Africa's leading exports, and elimination ofAfrica's tariffs on certain inputs that make exports uncompetitive 'Behind-the-border' reforms in Africa, to unleash competitive market forces and strengthen its basic market institutions 'Between-the-border' improvements in trade facilitation mechanisms to decrease transactions costs Reforms that leverage linkages between investment and trade, toallow African businesses to participate in global productionnetworks that investments by Chinese and Indian firms can generate. |
| china and nigeria economic relations: The World Factbook 2003 United States. Central Intelligence Agency, 2003 By intelligence officials for intelligent people |
| china and nigeria economic relations: Readings in Economics A. M. Fagge, B. G. Gumel, B. A. Ahmed, 2018 This book comprises twenty two comprehensive chapters bordering on issues related to the diversification of the Nigerian economy. The chapters are written in plan and easy to understand language for the benefit of the non-professional user. It is a handbook meant to serve the need of undergraduate students in Nigerian institutions of higher learning such as universities, colleges and polytechnics. The emphasis of the first nine chapters was agriculture as the formidable means of diversifying the Nigerian economy. Other chapters explored the nexus between economic diversification and tourism, manufacturing sector, solid, minerals, macroeconomic policies and poverty alleviation. The remaining part of the book elucidated the relevance of foreign direct investment in the quest for diversifying the Nigerian economy towards achieving a broad based as against a mono-economy, relying heavily on oil.--Back cover. |
| china and nigeria economic relations: China's Economic Rise Congressional Research Service, 2017-09-17 Prior to the initiation of economic reforms and trade liberalization 36 years ago, China maintained policies that kept the economy very poor, stagnant, centrally-controlled, vastly inefficient, and relatively isolated from the global economy. Since opening up to foreign trade and investment and implementing free market reforms in 1979, China has been among the world's fastest-growing economies, with real annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth averaging nearly 10% through 2016. In recent years, China has emerged as a major global economic power. It is now the world's largest economy (on a purchasing power parity basis), manufacturer, merchandise trader, and holder of foreign exchange reserves.The global economic crisis that began in 2008 greatly affected China's economy. China's exports, imports, and foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows declined, GDP growth slowed, and millions of Chinese workers reportedly lost their jobs. The Chinese government responded by implementing a $586 billion economic stimulus package and loosening monetary policies to increase bank lending. Such policies enabled China to effectively weather the effects of the sharp global fall in demand for Chinese products, but may have contributed to overcapacity in several industries and increased debt by Chinese firms and local government. China's economy has slowed in recent years. Real GDP growth has slowed in each of the past six years, dropping from 10.6% in 2010 to 6.7% in 2016, and is projected to slow to 5.7% by 2022.The Chinese government has attempted to steer the economy to a new normal of slower, but more stable and sustainable, economic growth. Yet, concerns have deepened in recent years over the health of the Chinese economy. On August 11, 2015, the Chinese government announced that the daily reference rate of the renminbi (RMB) would become more market-oriented. Over the next three days, the RMB depreciated against the dollar and led to charges that China's goal was to boost exports to help stimulate the economy (which some suspect is in worse shape than indicated by official Chinese economic statistics). Concerns over the state of the Chinese economy appear to have often contributed to volatility in global stock indexes in recent years.The ability of China to maintain a rapidly growing economy in the long run will likely depend largely on the ability of the Chinese government to implement comprehensive economic reforms that more quickly hasten China's transition to a free market economy; rebalance the Chinese economy by making consumer demand, rather than exporting and fixed investment, the main engine of economic growth; boost productivity and innovation; address growing income disparities; and enhance environmental protection. The Chinese government has acknowledged that its current economic growth model needs to be altered and has announced several initiatives to address various economic challenges. In November 2013, the Communist Party of China held the Third Plenum of its 18th Party Congress, which outlined a number of broad policy reforms to boost competition and economic efficiency. For example, the communique stated that the market would now play a decisive role in allocating resources in the economy. At the same time, however, the communique emphasized the continued important role of the state sector in China's economy. In addition, many foreign firms have complained that the business climate in China has worsened in recent years. Thus, it remains unclear how committed the Chinese government is to implementing new comprehensive economic reforms.China's economic rise has significant implications for the United States and hence is of major interest to Congress. This report provides background on China's economic rise; describes its current economic structure; identifies the challenges China faces to maintain economic growth; and discusses the challenges, opportunities, and implications of China's economic rise. |
| china and nigeria economic relations: The Sino-African Partnership Earl Conteh-Morgan, 2018 This book portrays with rigor and clarity the China-Africa partnership by delving into the geopolitical, geo-economic, and socio-cultural dynamics that underlie the extensive and deepening South-South cooperation between the two entities. |
| china and nigeria economic relations: Beyond Diplomacy Jonah I. Onuoha, 2008 |
| china and nigeria economic relations: Elements of Politics Remi Anifowose, Francis C. Enemuo, 1999 |
China Houses - Daz 3D
Chinese traditional village houses with two alleys, a square and its big centenary tree.A very detailed typical small canteen improvised in a house.Double-sided houses.130 Props.5 …
Chinese Mountain Temple - Daz 3D
Immerse your creations in the timeless beauty of ancient China with this detailed mountain temple environment. Featuring authentic architecture and serene mountain landscapes, this setting is …
Shaolin Temple - Daz 3D
The hallway leading to the temple throne is a symbol of power and rule in the China region, showcasing the might and reverence of ancient traditions. Towering pillars with gold trims line …
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At Daz 3D, download our free 3D software and shop free and premium 3D models, animations, and more to create your realistic universe.
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Immerse your creations in the timeless beauty of ancient China with this detailed mountain temple Inteiror environment. Featuring authentic architecture and a serene temple interior scene, this …
dForce MK Flying Outfit for Genesis 8 and 8.1 Females - Daz 3D
Dunhuang Flying is the most talented creation of Chinese artists and a miracle in the history of world art. She is the result of the long-term exchange and integration of Buddhism and …
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The outfit is inspired by the celestial maiden costumes depicted in the Dunhuang murals of the Mogao Grottoes in China. The design aims to faithfully recreate the popular image of the flying …
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Daz 3D, 3D Models, 3D Animation, 3D Software
China Houses - Daz 3D
Chinese traditional village houses with two alleys, a square and its big centenary tree.A very detailed typical small canteen improvised in a house.Double-sided houses.130 Props.5 …
Chinese Mountain Temple - Daz 3D
Immerse your creations in the timeless beauty of ancient China with this detailed mountain temple environment. Featuring authentic architecture and serene mountain landscapes, this setting is …
Shaolin Temple - Daz 3D
The hallway leading to the temple throne is a symbol of power and rule in the China region, showcasing the might and reverence of ancient traditions. Towering pillars with gold trims line …
Daz 3D - 3D Models and 3D Software | Daz 3D
At Daz 3D, download our free 3D software and shop free and premium 3D models, animations, and more to create your realistic universe.
Chinese Temple Interior - Daz 3D
Immerse your creations in the timeless beauty of ancient China with this detailed mountain temple Inteiror environment. Featuring authentic architecture and a serene temple interior scene, this …
dForce MK Flying Outfit for Genesis 8 and 8.1 Females - Daz 3D
Dunhuang Flying is the most talented creation of Chinese artists and a miracle in the history of world art. She is the result of the long-term exchange and integration of Buddhism and …
dForce Lala DunHuang for Genesis 9 - Daz 3D
The outfit is inspired by the celestial maiden costumes depicted in the Dunhuang murals of the Mogao Grottoes in China. The design aims to faithfully recreate the popular image of the flying …
Sue Yee - Daz 3D
Daz 3D, 3D Models, 3D Animation, 3D Software. DAZ Productions, Inc. 7533 S Center View Ct #4664
Daz 3D
INCREDIBLE DETAIL. The more detailed a character is, the more realistic and life-like it becomes. Genesis 8 continues to expand the available HD morphs you’ve come to expect …
Daz 3D
Daz 3D, 3D Models, 3D Animation, 3D Software
