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| bloom's 2 sigma problem: 21st Century Education: A Reference Handbook Thomas L Good, 2008-10-02 Via 100 entries or 'mini-chapters,' the SAGE 21st Century Reference Series volumes on Education will highlight the most important topics, issues, questions, and debates any student obtaining a degree in the field of education ought to have mastered for effectiveness in the 21st Century. |
| bloom's 2 sigma problem: Design Recommendations for Intelligent Tutoring Systems Robert Sottilare, Arthur Graesser, Xiangen Hu, Keith Brawner, 2015-07-05 Design Recommendations for Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs) explores the impact of intelligent tutoring system design on education and training. Specifically, this volume examines “Authoring Tools and Expert Modeling Techniques”. The “Design Recommendations book series examines tools and methods to reduce the time and skill required to develop Intelligent Tutoring Systems with the goal of improving the Generalized Intelligent Framework for Tutoring (GIFT). GIFT is a modular, service-oriented architecture developed to capture simplified authoring techniques, promote reuse and standardization of ITSs along with automated instructional techniques and effectiveness evaluation capabilities for adaptive tutoring tools and methods. |
| bloom's 2 sigma problem: Transparent Design in Higher Education Teaching and Leadership Mary-Ann Winkelmes, Allison Boye, Suzanne Tapp, 2023-07-03 This book offers a comprehensive guide to the Transparency in Learning and Teaching (TILT) framework that has convincingly demonstrated that implementation increases retention and improved outcomes for all students. Its premise is simple: to make learning processes explicit and equitably accessible for all students. Transparent instruction involves faculty/student discussion about several important aspects of academic work before students undertake that work, making explicit the purpose of the work, the knowledge that will be gained and its utility in students’ lives beyond college; explaining the tasks involved, the expected criteria, and providing multiple examples of real-world work applications of the specific academic discipline. The simple change of making objective and methods explicit – that faculty recognize as consistent with their teaching goals – creates substantial benefits for students and demonstrably increases such predictors of college students’ success as academic confidence, sense of belonging in college, self-awareness of skill development, and persistence. This guide presents a brief history of TILT, summarizes both past and current research on its impact on learning, and describes the three-part Transparency Framework (of purposes, tasks and criteria). The three sections of the book in turn demonstrate why and how transparent instruction works suggesting strategies for instructors who wish to adopt it; describing how educational developers and teaching centers have adopted the Framework; and concluding with examples of how several institutions have used the Framework to connect the daily work of faculty with the learning goals that departments, programs and institutions aim to demonstrate. |
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| bloom's 2 sigma problem: The Wiley Handbook of Action Research in Education Craig A. Mertler, 2019-02-06 Comprehensive overview of the theoretical, conceptual, and applied/practical presentations of action research as it is found and conducted solely in educational settings The Wiley Handbook of Action Research in Education is the first book to offer theoretical, conceptual, and applied/practical presentations of action research as it is found and conducted solely in educational settings. Covering primarily PK-12 educational settings, the book utilizes a cross-section of international authors and presentations to provide global perspectives on action research in education. Part I of The Wiley Handbook of Action Research in Education focuses on various foundational aspects and issues related to action research. Part II is centered on chapters that present theories and principles that help to guide the use of action research in educational contexts. Part III focuses on specific applications of educational action research in practice. Part IV provides an outlet for seven educational practitioners to share their experiences in conducting action research. Each of these authors also discusses the importance and value that action research has had on him or her, both professionally and personally. Discuss action research in PK-12, as well as in higher education settings The first book to focus on the importance and application of action research exclusively in educational settings Offers world perspectives on action research in education Written by a team of international scholars The Wiley Handbook of Action Research in Education is an excellent book for advanced undergraduate students, graduate students, and scholars studying and/or researching educational action research. |
| bloom's 2 sigma problem: How Learning Happens Paul A. Kirschner, Carl Hendrick, 2024-03-29 How Learning Happens introduces 32 giants of educational research and their findings on how we learn and what we need to know to learn effectively, efficiently, and enjoyably. Many of these works have inspired researchers and teachers all around the world and have left a mark on how we teach today. Now updated to include a new section on Memory and Cognition with five new chapters, this revised second edition explores a selection of the key works on learning and teaching, chosen from the fields of educational psychology and cognitive psychology. It offers a roadmap of the most important discoveries in the way learning happens, with each chapter examining a different work and explaining its significance before describing the research, its implications for practice, and how it can be used in the classroom – including the key takeaways for teachers. Clearly divided into seven sections, the book covers: Memory and cognition How the brain works Prerequisites for learning How learning can be supported Teacher activities Learning in context Cautionary tales Written by two leading experts and illustrated by Oliver Caviglioli, this is essential reading for teachers wanting to fully engage with and understand educational research as well as undergraduate students in the fields of education, educational psychology, and the learning sciences. |
| bloom's 2 sigma problem: The Mastery Learning Handbook Jonathan Bergmann, 2022-10-14 Mastery learning is an instructional approach that empowers every student to progress with confidence. Using flexible pacing and targeted supports, teachers guide students through a cyclic process of preparation, demonstration, and formative feedback until there is a mutual agreement between teacher and student that the student is ready to advance. In this book, educator Jonathan Bergmann, a pioneer of the flipped classroom movement, walks you step by step through the mastery learning cycle, explaining what it entails and providing the templates, models, and rubrics you need to start using it in your own classroom. You'll learn how to * Set meaningful, measurable, and transferable learning objectives that target essential knowledge, skills, and dispositions. * Develop a mastery rubric to check for student levels of proficiency. * Create an assessment plan that ensures positive learning experiences for all. * Plan and deliver units that incorporate both time-shifted direct instruction and collaborative application activities within the classroom space. * Provide timely differentiated support, based on students' individual learning needs. Informed by trial and error in his own classroom and by discussions with other expert practitioners, Bergmann shares commonsense solutions to the major challenges of mastery learning implementation: everything from how to manage pacing to how to create multiple versions of tests, determine grades, and get stakeholder buy-in. The Mastery Learning Handbook is both an introduction to this exciting instructional approach and a practical resource that K–12 teachers can turn to again and again. See for yourself just how effective, enjoyable, and transformative mastery learning can be. |
| bloom's 2 sigma problem: Teaching for Learning Claire Howell Major, Michael S. Harris, Todd D. Zakrajsek, 2015-08-27 Despite a growing body of research on teaching methods, instructors lack a comprehensive resource that highlights and synthesizes proven approaches. Teaching for Learning fills that gap. Each of the one hundred and one entries: describes an approach and lists its essential features and elements demonstrates how that approach has been used in education, including specific examples from different disciplines reviews findings from the research literature describes techniques to improve effectiveness. Teaching for Learning provides instructors with a resource grounded in the academic knowledge base, written in an easily accessible, engaging, and practical style. |
| bloom's 2 sigma problem: A Systems Approach to Managing the Complexities of Process Industries Fabienne-Fariba Salimi, Frederic Salimi, 2017-11-28 A Systems Approach to Managing the Complexities of Process Industries discusses the principles of system engineering, system thinking, complexity thinking and how these apply to the process industry, including benefits and implementation in process safety management systems. The book focuses on the ways system engineering skills, PLM, and IIoT can radically improve effectiveness of implementation of the process safety management system. Covering lifecycle, megaproject system engineering, and project management issues, this book reviews available tools and software and presents the practical web-based approach of Analysis & Dynamic Evaluation of Project Processes (ADEPP) for system engineering of the process manufacturing development and operation phases. Key solutions proposed include adding complexity management steps in the risk assessment framework of ISO 31000 and utilization of Installation Lifecycle Management. This study of this end-to-end process will help users improve operational excellence and navigate the complexities of managing a chemical or processing plant. - Presents a review of Operational Excellence and Process Safety Management Methods, along with solutions to complexity assessment and management - Provides a comparison of the process manufacturing industry with discrete manufacturing, identifying similarities and areas of customization for process manufacturing - Discusses key solutions for managing the complexities of process manufacturing development and operational phases |
| bloom's 2 sigma problem: Humanizing Online Teaching and Learning in Higher Education Gray, Laura E., Dunn, Shernette D., 2024-03-11 The surge in enrollment for online courses is continually increasing. However, beneath the convenience lies a challenge that demands a resolution. Educators, administrators, and instructional designers must ensure that the human element is not lost in the virtual corridors of learning. Students with diverse backgrounds and learning needs require more than a simple virtual classroom. Research reveals a concerning trend: high attrition rates in online courses, often attributed to a lack of engagement and insufficient human interaction. To reverse this trend, deliberate measures must be taken to humanize the online learning environment. This book provides several solutions, offering an array of tools and strategies to promote engagement and infuse the human touch into online spaces. To confront this multi-layered challenge, it becomes paramount to undertake deliberate measures aimed at humanizing the online learning environment. Humanizing Online Teaching and Learning in Higher Education steps forward as a guide, offering an extensive array of tools and strategies meticulously crafted to foster student engagement and infuse the essential human touch into the digital educational landscape. |
| bloom's 2 sigma problem: Failure to Disrupt Justin Reich, 2020-09-15 A Science “Reading List for Uncertain Times” Selection “A must-read for anyone with even a passing interest in the present and future of higher education.” —Tressie McMillan Cottom, author of Lower Ed “A must-read for the education-invested as well as the education-interested.” —Forbes Proponents of massive online learning have promised that technology will radically accelerate learning and democratize education. Much-publicized experiments, often underwritten by Silicon Valley entrepreneurs, have been launched at elite universities and elementary schools in the poorest neighborhoods. But a decade after the “year of the MOOC,” the promise of disruption seems premature. In Failure to Disrupt, Justin Reich takes us on a tour of MOOCs, autograders, “intelligent tutors,” and other edtech platforms and delivers a sobering report card. Institutions and investors favor programs that scale up quickly at the expense of true innovation. Learning technologies—even those that are free—do little to combat the growing inequality in education. Technology is a phenomenal tool in the right hands, but no killer app will shortcut the hard road of institutional change. “I’m not sure if Reich is as famous outside of learning science and online education circles as he is inside. He should be...Reading and talking about Failure to Disrupt should be a prerequisite for any big institutional learning technology initiatives coming out of COVID-19.” —Inside Higher Ed “The desire to educate students well using online tools and platforms is more pressing than ever. But as Justin Reich illustrates...many recent technologies that were expected to radically change schooling have instead been used in ways that perpetuate existing systems and their attendant inequalities.” —Science |
| bloom's 2 sigma problem: How Learning Works Susan A. Ambrose, Michael W. Bridges, Michele DiPietro, Marsha C. Lovett, Marie K. Norman, 2010-04-16 Praise for How Learning Works How Learning Works is the perfect title for this excellent book. Drawing upon new research in psychology, education, and cognitive science, the authors have demystified a complex topic into clear explanations of seven powerful learning principles. Full of great ideas and practical suggestions, all based on solid research evidence, this book is essential reading for instructors at all levels who wish to improve their students' learning. —Barbara Gross Davis, assistant vice chancellor for educational development, University of California, Berkeley, and author, Tools for Teaching This book is a must-read for every instructor, new or experienced. Although I have been teaching for almost thirty years, as I read this book I found myself resonating with many of its ideas, and I discovered new ways of thinking about teaching. —Eugenia T. Paulus, professor of chemistry, North Hennepin Community College, and 2008 U.S. Community Colleges Professor of the Year from The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching and the Council for Advancement and Support of Education Thank you Carnegie Mellon for making accessible what has previously been inaccessible to those of us who are not learning scientists. Your focus on the essence of learning combined with concrete examples of the daily challenges of teaching and clear tactical strategies for faculty to consider is a welcome work. I will recommend this book to all my colleagues. —Catherine M. Casserly, senior partner, The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching As you read about each of the seven basic learning principles in this book, you will find advice that is grounded in learning theory, based on research evidence, relevant to college teaching, and easy to understand. The authors have extensive knowledge and experience in applying the science of learning to college teaching, and they graciously share it with you in this organized and readable book. —From the Foreword by Richard E. Mayer, professor of psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara; coauthor, e-Learning and the Science of Instruction; and author, Multimedia Learning |
| bloom's 2 sigma problem: Building the Intentional University Stephen M. Kosslyn, Ben Nelson, 2018-08-28 How to rebuild higher education from the ground up for the twenty-first century. Higher education is in crisis. It is too expensive, ineffective, and impractical for many of the world's students. But how would you reinvent it for the twenty-first century—how would you build it from the ground up? Many have speculated about changing higher education, but Minerva has actually created a new kind of university program. Its founders raised the funding, assembled the team, devised the curriculum and pedagogy, recruited the students, hired the faculty, and implemented a bold vision of a new and improved higher education. This book explains that vision and how it is being realized. The Minerva curriculum focuses on “practical knowledge” (knowledge students can use to adapt to a changing world); its pedagogy is based on scientific research on learning; it uses a novel technology platform to deliver small seminars in real time; and it offers a hybrid residential model where students live together, rotating through seven cities around the world. Minerva equips students with the cognitive tools they need to succeed in the world after graduation, building the core competencies of critical thinking, creative thinking, effective communication, and effective interaction. The book offers readers both the story of this grand and sweeping idea and a blueprint for transforming higher education. |
| bloom's 2 sigma problem: Handbook of Formative Assessment Heidi Andrade, Gregory J. Cizek, 2010-04-02 Formative assessment has recently become a focus of renewed research as state and federal policy-makers realize that summative assessments have reached a point of diminishing returns as a tool for increasing student achievement. Consequently, supporters of large-scale testing programs are now beginning to consider the potential of formative assessments to improve student achievement. The mission of this handbook is to comprehensively profile this burgeoning field of study. Written by leading international scholars and practitioners, each chapter includes a discussion of key issues that dominate formative assessment policy and practice today, as well as those that are likely to affect research and practice in the coming years. Key features include: Comprehensive – nineteen chapters cover all aspects of formative assessment including classroom assessment, large-scale applications, technological applications, applications for special needs students, K-12 and post-secondary applications, psychometric considerations, case studies, and discussion of alternative assessment formats such as portfolios and performance assessments. Integrative – thoughtful attention is given to the integration of large-scale and classroom assessments. Practical – provides practical guidance on how to conduct formative assessments that generate credible information to guide instruction. Global – provides perspectives from leading international scholars and practitioners whose expertise spans diverse settings, student populations, and educational systems. Accessible Style – although grounded in the latest research, the book’s style and tone has been carefully crafted to make it accessible to both the textbook and professional markets. It will also be a critical reference book for researchers in teacher preparation, educational administration, and educational policy studies. |
| bloom's 2 sigma problem: Blended Learning in Practice Amanda G. Madden, Lauren Margulieux, Robert S. Kadel, Ashok K. Goel, 2019-04-09 A guide to both theory and practice of blended learning offering rigorous research, case studies, and methods for the assessment of educational effectiveness. Blended learning combines traditional in-person learning with technology-enabled education. Its pedagogical aim is to merge the scale, asynchrony, and flexibility of online learning with the benefits of the traditional classroom—content-rich instruction and the development of learning relationships. This book offers a guide to both theory and practice of blended learning, offering rigorous research, case studies, and methods for the assessment of educational effectiveness. The contributors to this volume adopt a range of approaches to blended learning and different models of implementation and offer guidelines for both researchers and instructors, considering such issues as research design and data collection. In these courses, instructors addressed problems they had noted in traditional classrooms, attempting to enhance student engagement, include more active learning strategies, approximate real-world problem solving, and reach non-majors. The volume offers a cross-section of approaches from one institution, Georgia Tech, to provide both depth and breadth. It examines the methodologies of implementation in a variety of courses, ranging from a first-year composition class that incorporated the video game Assassin's Creed II to a research methods class for psychology and computer science students. Blended Learning will be an essential resource for educators, researchers, administrators, and policy makers. Contributors Joe Bankoff, Paula Braun, Mark Braunstein, Marion L. Brittain, Timothy G. Buchman, Rebecca E. Burnett, Aldo A. Ferri, Bonnie Ferri, Andy Frazee, Mohammed M. Ghassemi, Ashok K. Goel, Alyson B. Goodman, Joyelle Harris, Cheryl Hiddleson, David Joyner, Robert S. Kadel, Kenneth J. Knoespel, Joe Le Doux, Amanda G. Madden, Lauren Margulieux, Olga Menagarishvili, Shamim Nemati, Vjollca Sadiraj, Donald Webster |
| bloom's 2 sigma problem: Practical Knowledge in Teacher Education Javier Calvo de Mora, Keith Wood, 2014-06-05 In Practical Knowledge in Teacher Education, expert contributors from across Asia and Europe explore and reflect upon the innovation and creativity in teacher education programs. Specific focus is given to the internships that provide students an opportunity for intensive, hands-on experience in schools. Different approaches to internship provide comprehensive information on a diversity of ways of organising and managing internship programmes within teacher education courses, and equip future teachers with real-world knowledge within a global context. This book focuses on approaches to internship in teacher education programmes in Europe and Asia. It explores the idea that a consideration of the rich variation in approaches and experience across Eurasia will foreground critical aspects of successful internship. Each chapter provides a different focus from Asian and European perspectives on aspects of the teacher education practicum or internship, and what can be learned from school placement. This book is an invaluable resource for all those involved in teacher education, educational policy and anyone who has a stake in ensuring effective teacher education for the 21st century. It offers a far reaching overview of the teacher internship phase across a number of countries, and contributes to identifying distinctive features of teacher education in European and Asian universities. |
| bloom's 2 sigma problem: Technology for SEND in Primary Schools Helen Caldwell, Stephen Cullingford-Agnew, 2017-10-23 With so many new education technologies being developed and made available to schools, how do teachers ensure they select resources that enhance inclusive teaching in the classroom? How can you make sure new technologies are integrated into every day teaching? This new text supports trainee and beginning teachers to harness the power of technology to make their classrooms truly inclusive. It helps you make informed selections of new technology and resources and make them work for everyone in your classroom. Along with clear guidance on how to implement an inclusive approach to the use of technology across a broad range of needs and curriculum themes, linking practical examples with discussion of pedagogical considerations this practical book: focuses on cutting edge technologies supports teachers to develop the knowledge and skills they need offers advice on how to assess individual learning and communication needs develops an understanding of the pedagogy needed to embed inclusive technology within whole class teaching |
| bloom's 2 sigma problem: The First Year of College Robert S. Feldman, 2018 An examination of the first year of college and the intersecting challenges facing today's students, written by top educational researchers. |
| bloom's 2 sigma problem: Digital Transformation in Higher Education. Empowering Teachers and Students for Tomorrow’s Challenges Maria Perifanou, |
| bloom's 2 sigma problem: Human-Machine Collaboration and Emotional Intelligence in Industry 5.0 Kumar, Nitendra, Pal, Surya Kant, Agarwal, Priyanka, Rosak-Szyrocka, Joanna, Jain, Vishal, 2024-07-22 In the rapidly evolving landscape of Industry 5.0, integrating emotional intelligence into the industrial framework is becoming increasingly crucial. Organizations are trying to navigate this uncharted territory and seeking guidance on understanding, implementing, and ethically managing artificial emotional intelligence (AEI). However, the absence of a comprehensive resource addressing these complexities has left a significant void in academic scholarship and industrial practice. Human-Machine Collaboration and Emotional Intelligence in Industry 5.0 offers a holistic exploration of emotion recognition, affective computing, and human-robot interaction. It equips readers with the knowledge and tools to successfully integrate AEI into Industry 5.0, ensuring a harmonious collaboration between humans and machines. This book is a go-to resource for scholars, industry professionals, and decision-makers seeking to leverage emotional intelligence in the Fifth Industrial Revolution by addressing practical implementations, ethical considerations, and real-world impacts. |
| bloom's 2 sigma problem: Education 3.0 and eLearning Across Modalities Borden, Jeff D., 2021-08-20 For many years, there has been a quest to discover the best teaching and learning methods in order to strengthen the classroom and the mind. Researchers now know more than ever before about the brain's impact on learning, historical triggers that lead to deep learning, and how to scale education with technology. Yet much of what is known is under-utilized in the classrooms of today, if leveraged at all. Education 3.0 and eLearning Across Modalities showcases effective practices based on innovative initiatives, research, and practitioner experiences from the past two decades. The effective practices of multi-modal learning, which are well known to practitioners but largely unknown to the general academic, are explained in detail while making each technique approachable and attainable regardless of institution, size, or modality. Covering topics such as distance learning, modern learning technologies, and learning innovation, this book is essential for teachers, educational software developers, IT consultants, instructional designers, curriculum developers, graduate students, undergraduate students, academicians, administrators, higher education faculty, and researchers. |
| bloom's 2 sigma problem: Revolution in Higher Education Richard A. Demillo, 2017-03-03 A report from the front lines of higher education and technology that chronicles efforts to transform teaching, learning, and opportunity. Colleges and universities have become increasingly costly, and, except for a handful of highly selective, elite institutions, unresponsive to twenty-first-century needs. But for the past few years, technology-fueled innovation has begun to transform higher education, introducing new ways to disseminate knowledge and better ways to learn—all at lower cost. In this impassioned account, Richard DeMillo tells the behind-the-scenes story of these pioneering efforts and offers a roadmap for transforming higher education. Building on his earlier book, Abelard to Apple, DeMillo argues that the current system of higher education is clearly unsustainable. Colleges and universities are in financial crisis. Tuition rises inexorably. Graduates of reputable schools often fail to learn basic skills, and many cannot find suitable jobs. Meanwhile, student-loan default rates have soared while the elite Ivy and near-Ivy schools seem remote and irrelevant. Where are the revolutionaries who can save higher education? DeMillo's heroes are a small band of innovators who are bringing the revolution in technology to colleges and universities. DeMillo chronicles, among other things, the invention of MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) by professors at Stanford and MIT; Salman Khan's Khan Academy; the use of technology by struggling historically black colleges and universities to make learning more accessible; and the latest research on learning and the brain. He describes the revolution's goals and the entrenched hierarchical system it aims to overthrow; and he reframes the nature of the contract between society and its universities. The new institutions of a transformed higher education promise to demonstrate not only that education has value but also that it has values—virtues for the common good. |
| bloom's 2 sigma problem: Encyclopedia of Education and Human Development Stephen J. Farenga, Daniel Ness, 2015-07-17 This comprehensive and exhaustive reference work on the subject of education from the primary grades through higher education combines educational theory with practice, making it a unique contribution to the educational reference market. Issues related to human development and learning are examined by individuals whose specializations are in diverse areas including education, psychology, sociology, philosophy, law, and medicine. The book focuses on important themes in education and human development. Authors consider each entry from the perspective of its social and political conditions as well as historical underpinnings. The book also explores the people whose contributions have played a seminal role in the shaping of educational ideas, institutions, and organizations, and includes entries on these institutions and organizations. This work integrates numerous theoretical frameworks with field based applications from many areas in educational research. |
| bloom's 2 sigma problem: One-on-One Tutoring by Humans and Computers Martha Evens, Joel Michael, 2006-08-15 One-on-One Tutoring by Humans and Computers articulates the CIRCSIM-Tutor project, an attempt to develop a computer tutor that generates a natural language dialogue with a student. Editors Martha Evens and Joel Michael present the educational context within which the project was launched, as well as research into tutoring, the process of implementation of CIRCSIM-Tutor, and the results of using CIRCSIM-Tutor in the classroom. The domain of this project is cardiovascular physiology, specifically targeting first-year medical students, though the idea is applicable to the development of intelligent tutoring systems across populations, disciplines, and domains. This 5 year-long project was motivated by the belief that students need assistance in building appropriate mental models of complex physiological phenomena, as well as practice in expressing these ideas in their own words to fully develop those models, and experience in problem-solving to use those models effectively. The book outlines directions for future research, and includes distinct features such as: *detailed studies of human one-on-one tutoring; *learning outcomes resulting from use of the tutor; *natural language input parsed and translated into logical form; and *natural language output generated using the LFG paradigm. This volume will appeal to educators who want to improve human tutoring or use computer tutors in the classroom, and it will interest computer scientists who want to build those computer tutors, as well as anyone who believes that language is central to teaching and learning. |
| bloom's 2 sigma problem: School and Classroom Organization Robert E. Slavin, 2013-03-07 Because the organization of the classroom and the school provide the framework for teaching and learning, this important volume reviews research that focuses on specific issues including: achievement effects of alternative school and classroom organizational practices, ability grouping, departmentalization, special and remedial programs, evaluation processes, and class size. The studies utilize realistic evaluations rather than laboratory or experimental data, and do not prescribe particular practices. |
| bloom's 2 sigma problem: Natural Born Learners Alex Beard, 2018-04-12 Learning is the soul of our species. From our first steps to our last words, we are what we learn. But for all its obvious importance, learning has lost touch with human progress. We live in an information age, work in a knowledge economy, yet our schools are relics of an industrial era. Education insider Alex Beard takes us on a dazzling tour of the future of learning to show how we can - and why we must - do better. Tackling everything from artificial intelligence to our growing understanding of the infant brain, Natural Born Learners is a user's guide to transforming learning in the twenty-first century and roadmap to accessing our better future selves. |
| bloom's 2 sigma problem: The SAGE Encyclopedia of Online Education Steven L. Danver, 2016-04-15 Online education, both by for-profit institutions and within traditional universities, has seen recent tremendous growth and appeal - but online education has many aspects that are not well understood. The SAGE Encyclopedia of Online Education provides a thorough and engaging reference on all aspects of this field, from the theoretical dimensions of teaching online to the technological aspects of implementing online courses—with a central focus on the effective education of students. Key topics explored through over 350 entries include: · Technology used in the online classroom · Institutions that have contributed to the growth of online education · Pedagogical basis and strategies of online education · Effectiveness and assessment · Different types of online education and best practices · The changing role of online education in the global education system |
| bloom's 2 sigma problem: Undergraduate Curricular Peer Mentoring Programs Tania Smith, 2013 Whether or not a college currently offers a Supplemental Instruction program, uses peer leaders in First-year Learning Community, or assigns Peer Tutors to courses, Undergraduate Peer Mentoring Programs will provide educators with concepts, examples, and findings useful for pr... |
| bloom's 2 sigma problem: Educating Engineers for Future Industrial Revolutions Michael E. Auer, Tiia Rüütmann, 2021-03-11 This book contains papers in the fields of collaborative learning, new learning models and applications, project-based learning, game-based education, educational virtual environments, computer-aided language learning (CALL) and teaching best practices. We are currently witnessing a significant transformation in the development of education and especially post-secondary education. To face these challenges, higher education has to find innovative ways to quickly respond to these new needs. There is also pressure by the new situation in regard to the Covid pandemic. These were the aims connected with the 23rd International Conference on Interactive Collaborative Learning (ICL2020), which was held online by University of Technology Tallinn, Estonia from 23 to 25 September 2020. Since its beginning in 1998, this conference is devoted to new approaches in learning with a focus on collaborative learning. Nowadays the ICL conferences are a forum of the exchange of relevant trends and research results as well as the presentation of practical experiences in Learning and Engineering Pedagogy. In this way, we try to bridge the gap between ‘pure’ scientific research and the everyday work of educators. Interested readership includes policymakers, academics, educators, researchers in pedagogy and learning theory, school teachers, learning industry, further and continuing education lecturers, etc. |
| bloom's 2 sigma problem: Facilitating Global Collaboration and Knowledge Sharing in Higher Education With Generative AI Yu, Poshan, Mulli, James, Syed, Zain Ali Shah, Umme, Laila, 2023-12-29 Chatbots powered by artificial intelligence (AI) have captivated the academic world as tools for human-like interaction across various settings. Within the realm of education, AI-powered chatbots, such as ChatGPT, hold the potential to revolutionize teaching, learning, and research processes. By simulating human conversation through vast data and machine learning algorithms, generative AI has unveiled new opportunities for personalized and adaptive learning experiences. Facilitating Global Collaboration and Knowledge Sharing in Higher Education With Generative AI delves into the promising prospects and challenges of applying generative AI in education while employing a critical interdisciplinary perspective. The book offers comprehensive insights into the transformative effects of generative AI on teaching, learning, and research. However, the application of generative AI in education also brings ethical, pedagogical, and technical challenges to the forefront. Concerns over privacy, data protection, and the impact of automation on human interaction and creativity demand thorough examination and practical solutions. Intended for educators, researchers, and administrators in higher education institutions, as well as policymakers and industry professionals at the intersection of AI and higher education. The book encompasses a wide range of themes, including the impact of AI-generated content on student engagement and performance in online learning environments, ethical implications of automating education through AI-powered chatbots, personalization of learning experiences for diverse student populations, and the challenges of integrating generative AI into traditional classroom settings. |
| bloom's 2 sigma problem: Technology and Assessment National Research Council, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Center for Education, Board on Testing and Assessment, 2002-03-26 The papers in this collection were commissioned by the Board on Testing and Assessment (BOTA) of the National Research Council (NRC) for a workshop held on November 14, 2001, with support from the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation. Goals for the workshop were twofold. One was to share the major messages of the recently released NRC committee report, Knowing What Students Know: The Science and Design of Educational Assessment (2001), which synthesizes advances in the cognitive sciences and methods of measurement, and considers their implications for improving educational assessment. The second goal was to delve more deeply into one of the major themes of that report-the role that technology could play in bringing those advances together, which is the focus of these papers. For the workshop, selected researchers working in the intersection of technology and assessment were asked to write about some of the challenges and opportunities for more fully capitalizing on the power of information technologies to improve assessment, to illustrate those issues with examples from their own research, and to identify priorities for research and development in this area. |
| bloom's 2 sigma problem: Benjamin S. Bloom Thomas R. Guskey, 2012 Few individuals in the history of education have had greater impact on educational policy and practice than Benjamin S. Bloom. Benjamin Bloom's stories are touching remembrances that offer special insight into his uniqueness as a preeminent scholar, colleague, mentor, and friend. This book is a collection of these stories, with brief reviews of some of Bloom's major professional contributions. |
| bloom's 2 sigma problem: Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning Norbert M. Seel, 2011-10-05 Over the past century, educational psychologists and researchers have posited many theories to explain how individuals learn, i.e. how they acquire, organize and deploy knowledge and skills. The 20th century can be considered the century of psychology on learning and related fields of interest (such as motivation, cognition, metacognition etc.) and it is fascinating to see the various mainstreams of learning, remembered and forgotten over the 20th century and note that basic assumptions of early theories survived several paradigm shifts of psychology and epistemology. Beyond folk psychology and its naïve theories of learning, psychological learning theories can be grouped into some basic categories, such as behaviorist learning theories, connectionist learning theories, cognitive learning theories, constructivist learning theories, and social learning theories. Learning theories are not limited to psychology and related fields of interest but rather we can find the topic of learning in various disciplines, such as philosophy and epistemology, education, information science, biology, and – as a result of the emergence of computer technologies – especially also in the field of computer sciences and artificial intelligence. As a consequence, machine learning struck a chord in the 1980s and became an important field of the learning sciences in general. As the learning sciences became more specialized and complex, the various fields of interest were widely spread and separated from each other; as a consequence, even presently, there is no comprehensive overview of the sciences of learning or the central theoretical concepts and vocabulary on which researchers rely. The Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning provides an up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the specific terms mostly used in the sciences of learning and its related fields, including relevant areas of instruction, pedagogy, cognitive sciences, and especially machine learning and knowledge engineering. This modern compendium will be an indispensable source of information for scientists, educators, engineers, and technical staff active in all fields of learning. More specifically, the Encyclopedia provides fast access to the most relevant theoretical terms provides up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the most important theories within the various fields of the learning sciences and adjacent sciences and communication technologies; supplies clear and precise explanations of the theoretical terms, cross-references to related entries and up-to-date references to important research and publications. The Encyclopedia also contains biographical entries of individuals who have substantially contributed to the sciences of learning; the entries are written by a distinguished panel of researchers in the various fields of the learning sciences. |
| bloom's 2 sigma problem: Teaching and Learning Online Brian Sutton, Anthony Basiel, 2013-08-29 Teaching and Learning Online, Volume 2, provides practical advice from academics, researchers, practitioners and designers who are currently engaged in defining, creating and delivering the increasingly important world of online learning. This powerful guide avoids trends in technology, instead focusing on the articulation and development of the learning theories that underpin the use of technology. Topics covered include: • Theory that informs practice – emerging models and understanding from academia; • Research – new understandings of learning, collaborative sense-making, and learning preferences; • The Practitioner view – real examples from around the world of ground-breaking developments in online learning that are transforming education, adult learning and corporate training; • Guidance for designers and producers – pedagogical advice and skills for a range of people who may have had little exposure to the body of knowledge surrounding learning design; • Looking to the future – what to expect in the next 5 to 10 years and how to prepare to take full advantage of the opportunities that an increasingly connected society will provide for learner-managed learning. The second volume of this bestselling guide addresses key gaps in the available literature including the inequality of access to technologically enabled learning and cutting-edge design issues and pedagogies that will take us into the next decade of eLearning and future Web 3.0+ approaches. |
| bloom's 2 sigma problem: Gaming and Cognition: Theories and Practice from the Learning Sciences Van Eck, Richard, 2010-05-31 This book applies the principles of research in the study of human cognition to games, with chapters representing 15 different disciplines in the learning sciences (psychology, serious game design, educational technology, applied linguistics, instructional design, eLearning, computer engineering, educational psychology, cognitive science, digital media, human-computer interaction, artificial intelligence, computer science, anthropology, education)--Provided by publisher. |
| bloom's 2 sigma problem: Methodologies and Outcomes of Engineering and Technological Pedagogy Kumar, Kaushik, Davim, J. Paulo, 2020-02-21 Engineering pedagogy is closely linked to both the technical and the pedagogical sciences. Over the years, engineering pedagogy has shifted from practical education to teaching how to integrate information, computational, and communications technology. However, while pedagogical and psychological qualifications are highly important requirements for a teaching career in engineering, the research on engineering pedagogy remains scant and scattered across journal articles, conference proceedings, workshop notes, and official reports. Methodologies and Outcomes of Engineering and Technological Pedagogy is a collection of innovative research building on the available literature that examines engineering pedagogy while providing resources necessary for policymaking, implementation, and continuous improvement. Featuring coverage on a wide range of topics including curriculum development, teaching and learning styles, and inclusivity, this book is ideally designed for educators, engineers, curriculum developers, instructional designers, managers, industry professionals, academicians, policymakers, researchers, and students. |
| bloom's 2 sigma problem: Data Analytics and Adaptive Learning Patsy D. Moskal, Charles D. Dziuban, Anthony G. Picciano, 2023-08-25 Data Analytics and Adaptive Learning offers new insights into the use of emerging data analysis and adaptive techniques in multiple learning settings. In recent years, both analytics and adaptive learning have helped educators become more responsive to learners in virtual, blended, and personalized environments. This set of rich, illuminating, international studies spans quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods research in higher education, K–12, and adult/continuing education contexts. By exploring the issues of definition and pedagogical practice that permeate teaching and learning and concluding with recommendations for the future research and practice necessary to support educators at all levels, this book will prepare researchers, developers, and graduate students of instructional technology to produce evidence for the benefits and challenges of data-driven learning. |
| bloom's 2 sigma problem: AI Injected e-Learning Matthew Montebello, 2017-10-27 This book reviews a blend of artificial intelligence (AI) approaches that can take e-learning to the next level by adding value through customization. It investigates three methods: crowdsourcing via social networks; user profiling through machine learning techniques, and personal learning portfolios using learning analytics. Technology and education have drawn closer together over the years as they complement each other within the domain of e-learning, and different generations of online education reflect the evolution of new technologies as researcher and developers continuously seek to optimize the electronic medium to enhance the effectiveness of e-learning. Artificial intelligence (AI) for e-learning promises personalized online education through a combination of different intelligent techniques that are grounded in established learning theories while at the same time addressing a number of common e-learning issues. This book is intended for education technologists and e-learning researchers as well as for a general readership interested in the evolution of online education based on techniques like machine learning, crowdsourcing, and learner profiling that can be merged to characterize the future of personalized e-learning. |
| bloom's 2 sigma problem: The Reproduction and Maintenance of Inequalities in Interpersonal Relationships Flockhart, Tyler Ross, Reiter, Abigail, Hassett, Matthew R., 2022-05-27 Contemporary racism, sexism, and heterosexism increasingly rely on less overt forms of discrimination that preserve, protect, and mask the power of the dominant group. This creates all manner of issues for people of color, women, and LGBTQ+ folks who must navigate a culture that increasingly sees discrimination and inequality as less severe or less pervasive than it was in the past. Indeed, despite the multitude of legal, social, and political advances made by these groups, inequality continues to persist, but often in a more subtle, covert, and invisible manner. The Reproduction and Maintenance of Inequalities in Interpersonal Relationships discusses the subtle ways racism, sexism, homophobia, and heterosexism persist in an era where many believe such inequalities are in the past and provides a comprehensive understanding of what inequality looks like in the contemporary world. Furthermore, the book examines how this inequality is reproduced in our everyday relationships. Covering topics such as discrimination and workplace relationships, this reference work is ideal for sociologists, psychologists, human resource professionals, academicians, scholars, researchers, practitioners, instructors, and students. |
| bloom's 2 sigma problem: Effective Compensatory Education Sourcebook: A review of effective educational practices Philip A. Griswold, Dorothy L. Alexander, Joanne Bogart, Kathleen Cotton, Joe B. Hansen, Mary Jean LeTendre, Robert M. Stonehill, 1986 |
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2 sigma above the mean: 85%. Bloom’s central problem in education: “ to find methods of group instruction as effective as one-to-one tutoring ” (1984). Bloom, B. ( 1984). The 2 Sigma …
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AI Might Solve Bloom’s “2 Sigma Problem” Benjamin Bloom’s seminal paper Effectiveness of group instruction vs one-on-one tutoring. One-on-one tutoring, followed by regular testing and …
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Also credited to him is Bloom’s 2 Sigma Problem (Adams, 2015). Benjamin Bloom studied students’ academic performance. Bloom and his colleagues observed aspects both inside and …
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Duration: September 2, 2004 – December 16, 2004 (Note: Last day to add classes is September 20th) Meeting times: Thursdays, 10:00 – 12:00 ... 4 Sep 23 Bloom’s 2 Sigma Problem History …
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/ This question is known in literature as Bloom’s 2-sigma problem, meaning that 1-1 teaching yields two standard deviations better learning outcomes than usual 1-30 classroom …
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This is the ―2 sigma‖ problem. Can ... In the mid-1990s, largely unaware of Bloom's challenge, innovative faculty members and students at universities throughout the world began thinking …
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According to Bloom’s 2 Sigma Problem, the av-erage student tutored one-to-one using mas-tery learning techniques performs two standard deviations better than students educated in a …
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2.1 Bloom’s Two Sigma Problem and the Elusiveness of Scalable Tutoring In 1984, Bloom famously demonstrated that students receiving one-on-one human tutoring performed two …
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You have printed the following article: The 2 Sigma Problem: The Search for Methods of Group Instruction as Effective as One-to-One Tutoring Benjamin S. Bloom
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students (Bloom, The Two Sigma Problem: The Search for Methods of Group Instruction as Effecteive as One-to-One Tutoring, 1984). Fully integrating a PLS into daily classroom …
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“Bloom's 2 sigma problem”, led to the inception of the potentialities of “educational technology” for personalised learning. This was immediately followed by an influx of researchers from all …
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Bloom’s 2 sigma problem: Generative AI, if fed deliberately designed and structured prompts, has the potential to give every student a personalized tutoring experience on any topic … With …
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tion, addressing Bloom’s “2 Sigma Problem” (Bloom, 1984) by offering personalized, 24/7 learning support that complements traditional teaching methods. However, realizing AI’s full potential in …
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The 2 Sigma Problem Koller referenced Benjamin Bloom's "2 Sigma Problem," which indicates that with one-on-one tutoring, average students could outperform many traditional class …
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Bloom’s 2 sigma problem paper [7] highlights the challenge of developing group instruction techniques as effective as one-to-one tutoring. This challenge is even more relevant as class …
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Blooms Sigma 2 Problem, Mastery + Tutoring Benjamin Bloom studied an educational approach which significantly improved the effectiveness of the learning process (Bloom, 1984). AI/ ALT …
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are, however, no formal ties between Saga Education and The Bridge. HDT programs were developed as a way to address Bloom’s \2 sigma problem" (Bloom 1984).
