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| citadel meaning in history: The Citadel (Classic Reprint) Archibald Joseph Cronin, 2017-01-06 Excerpt from The Citadel Andrew descended. The next minute, while he was gathering himself for the ordeal of his entrance, the front door was ung open and he was in the lighted hall being welcomed effusively by a short, plump, smiling woman of about forty with a shining face and bright bold twinkling eyes. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works. |
| citadel meaning in history: The History of Herodotus Herodotus, 1889 |
| citadel meaning in history: The Pearl of Khorasan C. P. W. Gammell, 2024-10-31 The city of Herat in western Afghanistan long sat at the edge of empires and served as a hub for trade and a conduit for armies. Yet it has been much more than simply a staging post or plaything of political ambition. It has been an imperial capital, a city of extraordinary wealth, and has played host to a cultural renaissance to rival that of Florence. The Pearl of Khorasan tells the history of this storied oasis city, from the invasions of Chingiz Khan in 1221 to the present day. An epilogue assesses the challenges Herat faces in the wake of Afghanistan’s recent turmoil. Throughout Herat’s cycles of conquest and habitation, several patterns emerge: the primacy of geography; the city’s strong identification with the fertility of the banks of the Hari River; and its reputation as a place of theological excellence, tolerance and cultural refinement. From the luminescent genius of the Timurid century to the destruction and cultural vandalism associated with the Taliban’s rule of Afghanistan and the post-9/11 conflict, Herat has hosted empires and experienced the cupidity and lust for power of foreign agents. Using Persian, Pashto and British sources, the author paints a vivid picture of a city in which he has lived, presenting a personal vision of its tumultuous history. |
| citadel meaning in history: The Inner Citadel Pierre Hadot, 1998 The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius are treasured today--as they have been over the centuries--as an inexhaustible source of wisdom. And as one of the three most important expressions of Stoicism, this is an essential text for everyone interested in ancient religion and philosophy. Yet the clarity and ease of the work's style are deceptive. Pierre Hadot, eminent historian of ancient thought, uncovers new levels of meaning and expands our understanding of its underlying philosophy. Written by the Roman emperor for his own private guidance and self-admonition, the Meditations set forth principles for living a good and just life. Hadot probes Marcus Aurelius's guidelines and convictions and discerns the hitherto unperceived conceptual system that grounds them. Abundantly quoting the Meditations to illustrate his analysis, the author allows Marcus Aurelius to speak directly to the reader. And Hadot unfolds for us the philosophical context of the Meditations, commenting on the philosophers Marcus Aurelius read and giving special attention to the teachings of Epictetus, whose disciple he was. The soul, the guiding principle within us, is in Marcus Aurelius's Stoic philosophy an inviolable stronghold of freedom, the inner citadel. This spirited and engaging study of his thought offers a fresh picture of the fascinating philosopher-emperor, a fuller understanding of the tradition and doctrines of Stoicism, and rich insight on the culture of the Roman empire in the second century. Pierre Hadot has been working on Marcus Aurelius for more than twenty years; in this book he distills his analysis and conclusions with extraordinary lucidity for the general reader. |
| citadel meaning in history: Sex and the Citadel Shereen El Feki, 2013-03-12 **Kirkus Best Books of the Year (2013)** If you really want to know a people, start by looking inside their bedrooms. As political change sweeps the streets and squares, the parliaments and presidential palaces of the Arab world, Shereen El Feki has been looking at an upheaval a little closer to home—in the sexual lives of men and women in Egypt and across the region. The result is an informative, insightful, and engaging account of a highly sensitive and still largely secret aspect of Arab society. Sex is entwined in religion, tradition, politics, economics, and culture, so it is the perfect lens through which to examine the complex social landscape of the Arab world. From pregnant virgins to desperate housewives, from fearless activists to religious firebrands, from sex work to same-sex relations, Sex and the Citadel takes a fresh look at the sexual history of the region and brings new voices to the debate over its future. This is no peep show or academic treatise but a highly personal and often humorous account of one woman’s journey to better understand Arab society at its most intimate and, in the process, to better understand her own origins. Rich with five years of groundbreaking research, Sex and the Citadel gives us a unique and timely understanding of everyday lives in a part of the world that is changing before our eyes. |
| citadel meaning in history: Historical Dictionary of the Hittites Charles Burney, 2018-04-17 The Hittites created one of the great civilizations of the ancient world, although it remained almost unknown until excavations in the early 20th century revealed the extent and importance of its culture. For nearly five centuries the Hittites controlled vast areas of Anatolia, by direct or indirect rule, engaging in almost incessant warfare, and, at the same time, making significant contributions to culture and religion of the region. This second edition of Historical Dictionary of the Hittites contains a chronology, an introduction, an appendix, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 400 cross-referenced entries on mportant persons, places, essential institutions, and the significant aspects of the society, government, economy, material culture, and warfare. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about the Hittites. |
| citadel meaning in history: Historical Dictionary of the Crusades Corliss K. Slack, 2013-05-09 The crusades were among the longest and most bitter wars in human history and consisted of no less than seven major expeditions from Western Europe from the late 11th to the early 14th centuries for the purpose of wresting Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the control of the Muslims. In the end, it was the Muslims who won, and the Christians who suffered a major setback, and the Middle East remained firmly in Muslim hands. This was one of the worst clashes between different religions and civilizations and, for long, it was largely forgotten or brushed over. That is no longer the case, with many Muslims regarding Western interference in the region as a repeat of the crusades while launching their own jihads. So, while an old conflict, it is still with us today. Even at the time, it was very hard to understand the causes and outcome of the crusades, and that remains a problem today. This Historical Dictionary of the Crusades cannot claim to have resolved it, but it most definitely does make the situation easier to understand. The introduction provides an overview, tracing the crusades from one expedition to the next, and assessing their impact. The actual flow of events is far easier to follow thanks to the chronology. And maps help to trace the events geographically. The entries, and there are more than 300 of them in this second edition, look more closely at notable figures, including Pope Gregory VII, Richard “the lionhearted,” and Saladin, as well as important places (Jerusalem, Constantinople and others), events, battles and sieges, as well as the use of weapons and armor. The bibliography points to further reading. |
| citadel meaning in history: Larcher's notes on Herodotus, historical and critical comments on the History of Herodotus. From the Fr Pierre Henri Larcher, 1844 |
| citadel meaning in history: Larcher's notes on Herodotus. Historical and critical remarks on the nine books of the history of Herodotus: with a chronological table: translated from the French Pierre Henri Larcher, 1829 |
| citadel meaning in history: The Imperial Bible Dictionary, Historical, Biographical, Geographical, and Doctrinal: Including the Natural History, Antiquities, Manners, Customs and Religious Rites and Ceremonies Mentioned in the Scriptures, and an Account of the Several Books of the Old and New Testaments Patrick Fairbairn, 1866 |
| citadel meaning in history: Israel's Historical and Biographical Narratives Charles Foster Kent, 1905 |
| citadel meaning in history: History, Prophecy and the Monuments ...: To the downfall of Samaria. 1898 James Frederick McCurdy, 1894 |
| citadel meaning in history: History, Prophecy and the Monuments James Frederick MacCurdy, 1894 |
| citadel meaning in history: History, Prophecy and the Monuments; Or, Israel and the Nations James Frederick McCurdy, 1896 |
| citadel meaning in history: History, Prophecy and the Monuments: To the downfall of Samaria. 1896 James Frederick McCurdy, 1896 |
| citadel meaning in history: Muqarnas Oleg Grabar, 1989 |
| citadel meaning in history: Fossil Poetry Chris Jones, 2018-08-09 Fossil Poetry provides the first book-length overview of the place of Anglo-Saxon in nineteenth-century poetry in English. It addresses the use and role of Anglo-Saxon as a resource by Romantic and Victorian poets in their own compositions, as well as the construction and 'invention' of Anglo-Saxon in and by nineteenth-century poetry. Fossil Poetry takes its title from a famous passage on 'early' language in the essays of Ralph Waldo Emerson, and uses the metaphor of the fossil to contextualize poetic Anglo-Saxonism within the developments that had been taking place in the fields of geology, palaeontology, and the evolutionary life sciences since James Hutton's apprehension of 'deep time' in his 1788 Theory of the Earth. Fossil Poetry argues that two, roughly consecutive phases of poetic Anglo-Saxonism took place over the course of the nineteenth century: firstly, a phase of 'constant roots' whereby Anglo-Saxon is constructed to resemble, and so to legitimize a tradition of English Romanticism conceived as essential and unchanging; secondly, a phase in which the strangeness of many of the 'extinct' philological forms of early English is acknowledged, and becomes concurrent with a desire to recover and recuperate the fossils of Anglo-Saxon within contemporary English poetry. The volume advances new readings of work by a variety of poets including Walter Scott, Henry Longfellow, William Wordsworth, William Barnes, Walt Whitman, Ralph Waldo Emerson, William Morris, Alfred Tennyson, and Gerard Hopkins. |
| citadel meaning in history: Citadel to City-State Carol G. Thomas, Craig Conant, 2009-08-25 Citadel to City-State serves as an excellent summarization of our present knowledge of the not-so-dark Dark Age as well as an admirable prologue to the understanding of the subsequent Archaeic and Classical periods. -- David Rupp, Phoenix The Dark Age of Greece is one of the least understood periods of Greek history. A terra incognita between the Mycenaean civilization of Late Bronze Age Greece and the flowering of Classical Greece, the Dark Age was, until the last few decades, largely neglected. Now new archaeological methods and the discovery of new evidence have made it possible to develop a more comprehensive view of the entire period. Citadel to City-State explores each century from 1200 to 700 B.C.E. through an individual site -- Mycenae, Nichoria, Athens, Lefkandi, Corinth, and Ascra -- that illustrates the major features of each period. This is a remarkable account of the historical detective work that is beginning to shed light on Dark Age Greece. |
| citadel meaning in history: Derbend-Nâmeh, or the history of Derbend, publ. with the texts and notes by A. Kazem-Beg Darband-Nâmah, 1831 |
| citadel meaning in history: Derbend-Nâmeh, or The History of Derbend; translated from a select Turkish version and published with the texts and with notes ... by Mirza A. Kazem-Beg. Turk. & Eng , 1851 |
| citadel meaning in history: Cinema, Television and History Laura Mee, Johnny Walker, 2014-10-16 Including essays from established and up-and-coming scholars, Cinema, Television and History: New Approaches rethinks, recontextualises and reviews the relationship between cinema, television and history. This volume incorporates a wide range of methods to a variety of topics, welcoming both empirical and theoretical approaches, as well as studies which merge the two. It is a book about how historical events are interpreted and adapted across cinema and television as the basis of a story, as much as it is about the endeavours of the practising historian through the exploration of the archive. Divided into five parts—“New meanings, new methods”, “Re-contextualising cinema and television history”, “Rethinking histories of cinema and television”, “Rethinking history through cinema and television”, and “The impact of new technologies”—the book is knowingly broad and diverse in terms of the case studies featured within it, and the means through which these examples are examined, explored, and utilised in their respective chapters. |
| citadel meaning in history: International Handbook of Historical Archaeology Teresita Majewski, David Gaimster, 2009-06-07 In studying the past, archaeologists have focused on the material remains of our ancestors. Prehistorians generally have only artifacts to study and rely on the diverse material record for their understanding of past societies and their behavior. Those involved in studying historically documented cultures not only have extensive material remains but also contemporary texts, images, and a range of investigative technologies to enable them to build a broader and more reflexive picture of how past societies, communities, and individuals operated and behaved. Increasingly, historical archaeology refers not to a particular period, place, or a method, but rather an approach that interrogates the tensions between artifacts and texts irrespective of context. In short, historical archaeology provides direct evidence for how humans have shaped the world we live in today. Historical archaeology is a branch of global archaeology that has grown in the last 40 years from its North American base into an increasingly global community of archaeologists each studying their area of the world in a historical context. Where historical archaeology started as part of the study of the post-Columbian societies of the United States and Canada, it has now expanded to interface with the post-medieval archaeologies of Europe and the diverse post-imperial experiences of Africa, Latin America, and Australasia. The 36 essays in the International Handbook of Historical Archaeology have been specially commissioned from the leading researchers in their fields, creating a wide-ranging digest of the increasingly global field of historical archaeology. The volume is divided into two sections, the first reviewing the key themes, issues, and approaches of historical archaeology today, and the second containing a series of case studies charting the development and current state of historical archaeological practice around the world. This key reference work captures the energy and diversity of this global discipline today. |
| citadel meaning in history: Encyclopædia Biblica Thomas Kelly Cheyne, 1903 |
| citadel meaning in history: Encyclopaedia Biblica Thomas Kelly Cheyne, John Sutherland Black, 1903 |
| citadel meaning in history: Judas Maccabaeus Bezalel Bar-Kochva, B. Bar-Kochva, 2002-08-08 An account of Judas Maccabeus' battles against the Seleucid empire between 166 and 160 B.C. |
| citadel meaning in history: History of Erie County, Pennsylvania John Elmer Reed, 1925 |
| citadel meaning in history: Paperbound Books in Print , 1992 |
| citadel meaning in history: On Heroes, Hero-worship, & the Heroic in History Thomas Carlyle, 1846 |
| citadel meaning in history: Sartor Resartus, and On Heroes, Hero-Worship, and the Heroic in History Thomas Carlyle, 2019-11-26 Sartor Resartus, and On Heroes, Hero-Worship, and the Heroic in History is a book by Thomas Carlyle. Carlyle was a Scottish essayist, historian and philosopher. Excerpt: We come now to the last form of Heroism; that which we call Kingship. The Commander over men; he to whose will our wills are to be subordinated, and loyally surrender themselves, and find their welfare in doing so, may be reckoned the most important of Great Men. He is practically the summary for us of all the various figures of Heroism; Priest, Teacher, whatsoever of earthly or of spiritual dignity we can fancy to reside in a man, embodies itself here, to command over us, to furnish us with constant practical teaching, to tell us for the day and hour what we are to do. He is called Rex, Regulator, Roi: our own name is still better; King, Könning, which means Can-ning, Ableman. |
| citadel meaning in history: Neusner on Judaism Jacob Neusner, 2017-11-28 Jacob Neusner has published more than 1000 books and articles, scholarly and academic, popular and journalistic, and is one of the most published humanities scholars in the world. Over a period of fifty years he has made significant, insightful and challenging contributions to the study of Rabbinic Judaism, particularly in the disciplines covered in the three volumes which make up Neusner on Judaism: the study of history (volume 1), literature (volume 2), and religion and theology (volume 3). These unique volumes of selective writings by Jacob Neusner, with new introductions by the author, offer scholars an invaluable resource in the field of Judaic Studies. |
| citadel meaning in history: History of India Dr Malti Malik, History Book |
| citadel meaning in history: Greece, Pictorial, Descriptive and Historical. With Upwards of Three Hundred and Fifty Engravings ... by Copley Fielding ... [and Others]. 2nd Ed Christopher Wordsworth, 1844 |
| citadel meaning in history: Ancient Scholars about the Turks and the Turkic Nations. The Mega-Edition. (2 volumes in one) A. Sanducci, 2022-05-01 Primarily based on the genetic findings, backed by the archeological, historical, linguistic facts and testimonies of the ancient scholars, historians, and geographers, this work brings a fresh perspective into a stagnated view of the Turkic nations and their past. The book has an abundance of new discoveries about many historical facts and artifacts, including the Median text of the Behistun inscription, the ancient Armenians and their Phrygian language, the origins of Alexander the Great, Hercules, and Achilles, the participants of the Trojan War. The research provides an extensive analysis of the ancient Turkic alphabet in comparison to 19 other ancient scripts, and puts in full display Turkic symbols, called Tamga, detected worldwide from Gobekli Tepe to Native American artifacts, and discusses the true architects of the Kurgan culture that became a worldwide cultural phenomenon. CONTENTS: Preface. VOLUME 1. Chapter I. §1. The biblical origins of the Turkic nations. §2. The ancient Turkic nation of Az and the biblical land of Uz. §3. The biblical Tyrians and the Medes are the ancient Turks. §4. The Turkic origin of the biblical Hittites, the Kheta, the Khitai of Central Asia and China. §5. The Akkadians, the Sumerians, the Susians, the Kassites, the Caanites – the Turkic nations of biblical proportions. §6. The biblical Philistines' ties to the Turkic nations. Chapter II. §1. The Turkic pedigree of the Arian nations. §2. The Turkic origin of Odin–the god of all gods. §3. Troy, the same as Asgard–the ancient land of the Turks. §4. The Turkic nations— Az, Asir, Azeri, and Azerbaijanis. §5. The striking similarities between the Germanic and Turkic peoples. Chapter III. §1. The Tatars and the Mongols are closely related to each other Turkic nations. §2. The genetic research that established the Turkic forefather of a billion humans worldwide. Chapter IV. §1. The Medes and Media. §2. The Turkic names of the Median cities with the capital of Media–Agbatana. §3. The nations and tribes of Media. §4. The Turkic names of the Medes. §5. The Median language of Turkic origin–the analysis based on the Behistun inscription. §6. 65 grammatical pointers, attesting that Median was a Turkic language. Chapter V. §1. The Scythians and Scythian tribes. §2. The primary Scythian tribes, located in Scythia. §3. The As tribe and its derivatives. §4. The Sacai and their derivative tribes. §5. The Parthians, the Bactrians, and their subsidiary tribes. §6. The Huns. §7. The Sarmatai and the Sarmatian tribes, including the Turcae. §8. The Getai family. §9. The Celts, the Gauls, the Iberians, and the Germanic tribes. §9-1. The Celtic, the Iberian, the Kelto-Scythian tribes and nations. §9-2. The Gauls, aka the Galliae, aka the Galli. §9-3. The Germanic tribes. §10. The Thracians. VOLUME 2. §11. The Trojan nations. §11-1. The Dardanii and the Illyrian tribes. §11-2. The Teucri and their derivatives. §11-3. The Leleges and their derivatives. §11-3-1. 45 grammatical pointers, attesting that Etruscan was a Turkic language. §11-4. The Phrygians and their derivative tribes. §11-4-1. The lexico-grammatical similarities between the Phrygian and the Turkic languages. §11-4-2. 37 grammatical pointers, attesting that Phrygian was a Turkic language. §11-4-3. The Phrygian tribes: the Berecyntes, Cerbesii, Peloponnesians, Dorians, Leucadians, Lacedemonians, Armenians. §11-5. The Pelasgi and their posterity. §11-5.1. Pelasgian cities and districts. §11-5.2. Pelasgian origins of Theseus, Hercules, Achilles, and Alexander the Great. §11-5-3. Pelasgian mythology and pantheon of gods. §11-5-4. The Turkic word Tatar or Tartar, used by the Greeks, Romans, Hittites, Armenians. §11-6. The Solymi, Milyae, Termilae, Lycians, Xanthioi, Aphneii. §11-7. The Paphlagonians, Cauconians, Mariandyni, Ligues, Matienoi, Cappadocians, Heneti. §11-8. The Halizones, Chalybes, Armenochalybes, Amazones. §11-9. The Cilicians, or Hypachaeans, Tracheiotae, Pisidians, Selgeis, Sagalasseis, Clitae. §11-10. The DNA results connect the Trojans, the Scythians, the Etruscans, the Turrenians, the Pelasgians to the Turkic nations. Chapter VI. The ancient Turkic alphabet and its close similarity to the Pelasgian, Lydian, Lycian, Phrygian, Carian, Etruscan, Scythian scripts. Chapter VII. §1. The ancient Turkic tamgas. §2. The political tamgas, indicating statehood, the level of independence of a state, and its subjects. §3. The religious tamgas, indicating mystical, magical, spiritual signs. §4. The tamgas, indicating military and state attributes. §5. The tamgas, representing nature and animals. Chapter VIII. §1. The Turkic Nations in the Americas. §2. The names of the Native American Tribes that have a Turkic origin. §3. Religion and the kurgan building culture of the Native Americans. §4. The geographical names of Turkic origin in the Americas. §5. The Turkic etymology of the Mayan vocabulary. §6. The Native American words of Turkic origin. §7. The Turkic tamgas, petroglyphs and Native American artifacts. |
| citadel meaning in history: Masonic History of the Northwest John Milton Hodson, 1902 |
| citadel meaning in history: Encyclopedia of Postmodernism Victor E. Taylor, Charles E. Winquist, 2002-06-01 The Encyclopedia of Postmodernism provides comprehensive and authoritative coverage of academic disciplines, critical terms and central figures relating to the vast field of postmodern studies. With three cross-referenced sections, the volume is easily accessible to readers with specialized research agendas and general interests in contemporary cultural, historical, literary and philosophical issues. Since its inception in the 1960s, postmodernism has emerged as a significant cultural, political and intellectual force that many scholars would argue defines our era. Postmodernism, in its various configurations, has consistently challenged concepts of selfhood, knowledge formation, aesthetics, ethics, history and politics. This Encyclopedia offers a wide-range of perspectives on postmodernism that illustrates the plurality of this critical concept that is so much part of our current intellectual debates. In this regard, the volume does not adhere to a single definition of postmodernism as much as it documents the use of the term across a variety of academic and cultural pursuits. The Encyclopedia of Postmodernism, it must be noted, resists simply presenting postmodernism as a new style among many styles occuring in the post-disciplinary academy. Documenting the use of the term acknowledges that postmodernism has a much deeper and long-lasting effect on academic and cultural life. In general, the volume rests on the understanding that postmodernism is not so much a style as it is an on-going process, a process of both disintegration and reformation. |
| citadel meaning in history: Lives in Common Menachem Klein, 2014 Most books dealing with the Israeli-Palestinian conflict see events through the eyes of policy-makers, generals or diplomats. Menachem Klein offers an illuminating alternative by telling the intertwined histories, from street level upwards, of three cities-Jerusalem, Jaffa, and Hebron-and their intermingled Jewish, Muslim and Christian inhabitants, from the nineteenth century to the present. Each of them was and still is a mixed city. Jerusalem and Hebron are holy places, while Jaffa till 1948 was Palestine's principal city and main port of entry. Klein portrays a society in the late Ottoman period in which Jewish-Arab interactions were intense, frequent, and meaningful, before the onset of segregation and separation gradually occurred in the Mandate era. The unequal power relations and increasing violence between Jews and Arabs from 1948 onwards are also scrutinised. Throughout, Klein bases his writing not on the official record but rather on a hitherto hidden private world of Jewish-Arab encounters, including marriages and squabbles, kindnesses and cruelties, as set out in dozens of memoirs, diaries, biographies and testimonies. Lives in Common brings together the voices of Jews and Arabs in a mosaic of fascinating stories, of lived experiences and of the major personalities that shaped them over the last 150 years. Most books dealing with the Israeli-Palestinian conflict see events through the eyes of policy-makers, generals or diplomats. Menachem Klein offers an illuminating alternative by telling the intertwined histories, from street level upwards, of three cities-Jerusalem, Jaffa, and Hebron-and their intermingled Jewish, Muslim and Christian inhabitants, from the nineteenth century to the present. Each of them was and still is a mixed city. Jerusalem and Hebron are holy places, while Jaffa till 1948 was Palestine's principal city and main port of entry. Klein portrays a society in the late Ottoman period in which Jewish-Arab interactions were intense, frequent, and meaningful, before the onset of segregation and separation gradually occurred in the Mandate era. The unequal power relations and increasing violence between Jews and Arabs from 1948 onwards are also scrutinised. Throughout, Klein bases his writing not on the official record but rather on a hitherto hidden private world of Jewish-Arab encounters, including marriages and squabbles, kindnesses and cruelties, as set out in dozens of memoirs, diaries, biographies and testimonies. Lives in Common brings together the voices of Jews and Arabs in a mosaic of fascinating stories, of lived experiences and of the major personalities that shaped them over the last 150 years. |
| citadel meaning in history: The Old Testament ; According to the Authorized Version: Historical books: Joshua to Esther , 1882 |
| citadel meaning in history: Historical Dictionary of the Ismailis Farhad Daftary, 2012 The Ismaili Muslims, who belong to the Shia branch of Islam, live in over 25 different countries around the world, mainly in Asia, Africa and the Middle East. Their history has typically been linked to the history of the various countries in which they live, but the worldwide community is united under Prince Karim Aga Khan, the spiritual leader and 49th Imam of the Ismaili Muslims. Few fields of Islamic studies have witnessed as drastic a change as Ismaili studies, due in part to the recent discovery of numerous historical texts, and author Farhad Daftary makes extensive use of these new sources in the Historical Dictionary of the Ismailis. This comprehensive new reference work is the first of its kind on the Ismailis and presents a summary of the findings of modern scholarship on the Ismaili Shia Muslims and different facets of their heritage. The dictionary covers all phases of Ismaili history as well as the main doctrines of the community. It includes an introductory chapter, which provides a broad historical survey of the Ismailis, followed by alphabetical entries on all major aspects of the community, such as key figures, institutions, traditions, and doctrines. It also contains a chronology, genealogical tables, a glossary, and a substantial bibliography. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about the Ismailis. |
| citadel meaning in history: The Publishers' Trade List Annual , 1980 |
| citadel meaning in history: Brief History of Vietnam Bill Hayton, 2022-10-25 A comprehensive guide to understanding Vietnam's long and tumultuous history A Brief History of Vietnam explores the turbulent history of a land that has risen from the ashes of war to become the newest Asian tiger economy. This book expertly examines the history of a people and a nation with ancient roots which only took its current shape in the 19th century under French colonial rule, and its current name in 1945. Before that, Vietnam was known by many names, under many rulers. Located in the geographic center of Southeast Asia, the country we call Vietnam was ruled by China, then by a series of Vietnamese emperors, and by the French. A devastating, decades-long conflict for independence ensued, ending with the conclusion of the Vietnam War in 1975. Key topics discussed in this fascinating book include: China's ancient conquest of Vietnam and the millennia-long struggle of the Vietnamese for independence from their powerful neighbor to the north The reign of the Nguyen dynasty, the last dynasty to rule Vietnam, with its capital at the ancient city of Hue, today a UNESCO World Heritage Site The story of Ho Chi Minh, educated in France, who attended the Treaty of Versailles to advocate for independence and became Vietnam's first president after the French were defeated The country's miraculous emergence from three decades of war and how it has embarked on the path to becoming one of the world's fastest-growing economies today Journalist Bill Hayton's accessible prose makes A Brief History of Vietnam an essential study of a complex culture at the heart of Southeast Asia--and the roots of its current economic dynamism. |
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Mohenjo-daro : Type Site of the Earliest - JSTOR
MICHAEL R. N. JANSEN Technical University, Aachen Mohenjo-daro : Type Site of the Earliest Urbanization Process in South Asia When prehistoric in South considering Asia: to the …
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1-866-765-4310 • www.citadelfloors.com 3 New Products Single Component Polyurea-1 HD™ (High Definition) Polyurea-1 HD™ is the workhorse of the Single Component Alphatic Polyurea …
9 to 5: The Musical - Citadel Theatre
Apr 9, 2022 · History & Context Page 20 The Meaning of “9 to 5 ” Page 20 ... Only beverages purchased in the lobby and placed in a Citadel Sippy and bottled water will be allowed in the …
A Cultural and Historical Narrative of the Titanic
Apr 29, 2014 · word, however, they do not think of its literal meaning, but associate it with the ship that suffered a tremendous tragedy. The story of the Titanic did not end the night it sank on a …
HELIOPOLIS AND THE SOLAR CULT IN THE THIRD …
from the earliest periods of the Egyptian history was already blurred in antiquity when, as individ- ’ ) ’ ˝! " (ı discussion later in this article), a repeated destruc-tion and reconstruction of the …
Publius: The Federalist 78 New York, 28 May 1788 - Center …
csac.history.wisc.edu > Document Collections > Constitutional Debates: Federalist and Antifederalist Essays > The Complete Federalist Papers Publius: The Federalist 78 New York, …
USS John S. McCain (DDG 56) - United States Navy
graduate of The Citadel with a Bachelor of Arts in History earning a commission through NROTC in 2006. He also attended the Naval Post Graduate School where he earned a Master of …
Proactive Fraud Management - Equifax
Citadel™, an information sharing platform built upon a multi-industry consortium of more than 20 members, is a fraud management solution ... stripe information but as history has shown, …
Citadel’s Data Open showcases innovative recruitment …
conducted in English, but Citadel, which has a long history of hiring talented people from around the world, expects local languages, such as Mandarin in China, or French in France, may ...
ANNEX K- Full Dress Salt and Pepper - The Citadel
The Citadel tailor. c. Gold academic stars. i. If authorized, one ¾ inch five pointed gold star will be worn on each side of the collar, centered in the middle of the collar band, one inch back from …
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 354 179 AUTHOR Kailin, …
teaching Black history in the early 1960s, holding classes in his home and, later, presenting the first public Black history course in Madison at the YWCA. Mr. Kailin has given various series of …
PART I - दृष्टि आईएएस
different from the Citadel? 3. Mohenjodaro A Planned Urban Centre Perhaps the most unique feature of the Harappan civilisation was the development of urban centres. Let us look at one …
The Narmer Palette (Egyptian Museum of Antiquities, Cairo) …
underneath is subject to interpretation (possibly a citadel). As for the royal attendant, Tt may be his name, or most likely, his title, an early phonetic writing of T(A)t(i) vizier. On the other hand, …
AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL
of history but the very scene of events about which every schoolboy has read, and the road we must take to reach it is crowded with legends and stories which form a common element in all …
COMMUNITY-BASED APPROACH TO COLLECTION OF …
collection of oral history from the local people in an attempt to establish a historical background research for this monument. Rare availability of literature about this site necessitates ...
D.E. Shaw Spin-Off Arcesium Brings Precision to Posttrade …
firm Citadel encountered that problem when it spun out its Citadel Solutions fund admin-istration business in 2007, later rebranding it as Omnium. The name change did little to quell …
KYLE S. SINISI Department of History, The Citadel, 171 …
Department of History, The Citadel, 171 Moultrie Street Charleston, SC 29409-0250 (843) 953-5246 sinisik@citadel.edu . Education. Ph.D. Kansas State University, 1997 . M.A. Kansas …
HISTORY, CIVICS AND GEOGRAPHY (50) - cisce.org
HISTORY, CIVICS AND GEOGRAPHY (50) HISTORY AND CIVICS . H.C.G. - Paper - 1 . Candidates offering History, Civics and Geography (Thailand) are not eligible to offer History, …
A. H. Dani and B.K. Thapar - UNESCO
new citadel complex7 had been imposed on an earlier village settlement. The Kalibangan8 evidence again shows a new pattern of urban planning on an earlier fortified settlement. Such …
A Landscape Recovery for the Ancient City
The Cultural Meaning of Aleppo documents the history and morphology of the Ancient City of Aleppo through the urban structures and characteristic courtyard ... especially the area around …
THE HARAPPAN CIVILIZATION - The National Institute of …
This phase in history is known as the Chalcolithic chalco -Copper; lithic -Stone) period. The brightest chap-ter in the Chalcolithic period in India is the Harappan civilization which is also …
Nalakihu - Citadel Trail - NPS History
Nalakihu is a Hopi word meaning "Lone House" or "House Standing Alone." This pueblo had 10 rooms on the ground floor, 3 or 4 more rooms which formed a second story, providing ... On …
THE MEANING OF HISTORY
The meaning of history in its broadest sense is never exhausted by the work of the historian as professional historian. There is an historic world which the historian presupposes, the …
THE CITADEL - A METAPHOR FOR THE STUDY OF THE …
TheCitadel 41 not allow more than speculations on the real reasons forsome decisions. Asinthecaseoffreemasons,people(andsocialscientistsalike)tendto attribute tothe ...
ICSE Class 9 History and Civics Syllabus - Byju's
58 3. Jainism and Buddhism Sources: Angas, Tripitikas and Jatakas (brief mention). Causes for their rise in the 6th century B.C.; Doctrines 4. The Mauryan Empire
MANAGING LIVING HERITAGE SITES IN MAINLAND
The Graduate School, Silpakorn University has approved and accredited the Thesis title of “Managing Living Heritage Sites in Mainland Southeast Asia”
Forgotten Decisive Victories - Army University Press
15. The Mexican War (US Army Center of Military History map) 16. The Northern Theater of Operations (US Army Center of Military History map) 17. Buena Vista Early Morning (US Army …
Mitchnapert The Citadel A History Of Armenians In Rhode …
The Citadel A History Of Armenians In Rhode Island is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public ... Purpose A devoted dog (Josh Gad) discovers the meaning of its …
Beyond the Hill: Tactical Assets - University of Michigan Press
the scale of history and the passage of time. Yet however anonymous they may be singly, their experience and in›uence can be recalled in out- ... eventually acquired the primary meaning of …
The Musical Celebration of Culture, Rubaboo, Begins
Citadel Theatre January 16, 2024 Edmonton, Alberta – From Métis writer, singer and song-writer, Andrea Menard, Rubaboo brings a unique blend of theatre, story and song together. A Michif …
Christopher J. Wright - The Citadel
Middle East History and Islamic Studies . The Citadel: Military College of South Carolina . Office: Personal: Department of History 171 Moultrie St. 308 Mims Ave. MSC 43 . The Citadel …
Issues and Significances of a Reconstructed Cultural …
a.
THE CITY IN HISTORY
i962 JOHNFRIEDMANN j$ geometrywhich,untilthen,hadlaindormantinhismind-onlythencanwe commencetothinkofsocialreconstruction.WithoutthisradicalUmkehr,all ...
History of Citadel
1-866-765-4310 • www.citadelfloors.com 3 New Products Single Component Polyurea-1 HD™ (High Definition) Polyurea-1 HD™ is the workhorse of the Single Component Alphatic Polyurea …
The 1968 Tet Offensive in Vietnam and the Seizure of Hue
Citadel (the ancient fortress within and around which the city of Hue had formed). I was met there by Jim H., a young, former Special Forces member now with CORDS. We’d gotten to be good …
CITADEL, MARKE Pann ALTAR - Gwern
Citadel, Market and Altar, which Mr. Heath wrote after selling his patents and retiring from business, is a far cry from the world of ... Mr. Heath exhumes life out of history. He is not, …
HISTORY, CIVICS AND GEOGRAPHY (50) - Byju's
[Candidates offering History, Civics and Geography (Thailand) are not eligible to offer History, Civics and Geography] ... (meaning), Welfare State (meaning only). 2. Elections ... Citadel, …
Circles of Power: Palace, Citadel, and City in Ayyubid Aleppo …
of the citadel continued unabated during the successive periods of the Seljuqs, the Zangids, and the early Ayyubids. But the citadel-in fact the entire fortification of Aleppo--did not come into its …
INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE Citadel - Rehabmart.com
8 Citadel Bed Frame System Safety Information General Protocols – Follow all applicable safety rules and institution protocols concerning patient and caregiver safety. Brakes – Set all caster …
Mithrendain, Citadel of the Fey wild - rpg.korliane.org
the forest. Unlike the Citadel at its heart, the city of Mithrendain has no walls, meaning that entering the city is a matter of walking wherever a gap can be found between the buildings and …
ANNEX I- Dress Salt and Pepper - The Citadel
safety pins with ¼ inch showing and will be clasped with Citadel cuff links. xi. Wool sash—red or blue. a. Red sash is the badge of cadet rank for cadet officers and those NCOs authorized to …
The Halifax Citadel – Brief History and Early Garrison …
Citadel National Historic Site, in support of their new exhibition space project. This will facilitate the re-establishment of more 18th and 19th century elements of Halifax Garrison history, to …
Katherine Haldane Grenier - The Citadel
Review of: Raphaël Ingelbien, Irish Cultures of Travel.Writing on the Continent, 1829-1914 (London: Palgrave MacMillan, 2016) in Victorian Studies vol. 60, number 3 (2018).. Review of: …
The AmericAn YAwp
American history. We have produced The American Yawp to help guide students in their encounter with American history. The American Yawp is a collabora-tively built, open …
ECHO PROBLEMS IN ANCIENT THEATRES AND A …
there in sounds of indistinct meaning. The resonant are those in which it comes into contact with some solid substance and recoils, thus producing an echo, and making the terminations of …
TITLE: LOCATION: DATE: Apollo 11 Stones Namibia 25,500 …
meaning “sacred bone.” The sacrum is also—perhaps significantly for its meaning—located near the reproductive organs. The camelid sacrum represents a significant finding because it is …
AN INTRODUCTION TO PRODUCT LIABILITY LAW
Prosser, the history of product liability law is really the history of an assault on the citadel of privity. It is also the history of how injured people, like Mr. Winterbottom, were given back the keys to …
Vauban and the French military under Louis XIV
ALSO BY JEAN-DENIS G.G. LEPAGE AND FROM MCFARLAND Aircraft of the Luftwaffe, 1935–1945: An Illustrated Guide(2009) French Fortifications, 7115–1815: An Illustrated …
