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| blue ocean strategy ebook: Blue Ocean Strategy, Expanded Edition W. Chan Kim, Renee Mauborgne, 2015-01-20 Argues against common competitive practices while outlining recommendations based on the creation of untapped market spaces with growth potential. |
| blue ocean strategy ebook: Blue Ocean Shift Renee Mauborgne, W. Chan Kim, 2017-09-21 The New York Times and No. 1 Wall Street Journal bestseller Blue Ocean Shift is the essential follow-up to the classic Blue Ocean Strategy, the 3.6 million copy global bestseller by world-renowned professors W. Chan Kim and Renee Mauborgne. Drawing on more than a decade of new work, Kim and Mauborgne show you how to move beyond competing, how to inspire people’s confidence and seize new growth, guiding you step by step through how to take your organization from a red ocean, crowded with competition, to a blue ocean of uncontested market space. By combining the insights of human psychology with practical market-creating tools and real-world guidance, Kim and Mauborgne deliver the definitive guide to shift yourself, your team, or your organization to new heights of confidence, market creation and growth. They show why non-disruptive creation is as important as disruption in seizing new growth. Blue Ocean Shift is packed with all-new research and examples of how leaders in diverse industries and organizations made the shift and created new markets by applying the processes and tools outlined in the book. Whether you are a cash-strapped start-up or a large, established company, a non-profit or national government, you will learn how to move from red to blue oceans in a way that builds people’s confidence so that they own and drive the process. With battle-tested lessons learned from successes and failures in the field, Blue Ocean Shift is critical reading for leaders, managers and entrepreneurs alike. You’ll learn what works, what doesn’t, and how to avoid the pitfalls along the way. This book will empower you to succeed as you embark on your own blue ocean journey. Blue Ocean Shift is indispensable for anyone committed to building a compelling future. |
| blue ocean strategy ebook: Red Ocean Traps (Harvard Business Review Classics) W. Chan Kim, Renée A. Mauborgne, 2017-05-30 As established markets become less profitable, companies increasingly need to find ways to create and capture new markets. Despite much investment and commitment, most firms struggle to do this. What, exactly, is getting in their way? World-renowned professors W. Chan Kim and Renee Mauborgne, the authors of the best-selling book Blue Ocean Strategy have spent over a decade exploring that question. They have seen that the trouble lies in managers' mental models--ingrained assumptions and theories about the way the world works. Though these models may work perfectly well in mature markets, they undermine executives' attempts to discover uncontested new spaces with ample potential (blue oceans) and keep companies firmly anchored in existing spaces where competition is bloody (red oceans). In this bound version of their bestselling Harvard Business Review classic article, they describe how to break free of these red ocean traps. To do that, managers need to: (1) Focus on attracting new customers, not pleasing current customers; (2) Worry less about segmentation and more about what different segments have in common; (3) Understand that market creation is not synonymous with either technological innovation or creative destruction; and (3) Stop focusing on premium versus low-cost strategies. The Harvard Business Review Classics series offers you the opportunity to make seminal Harvard Business Review articles a part of your permanent management library. Each highly readable volume contains a groundbreaking idea that continues to shape best practices and inspire countless managers around the world--and will have a direct impact on you today and for years to come. |
| blue ocean strategy ebook: Blue Ocean Leadership (Harvard Business Review Classics) W. Chan Kim, Renée A. Mauborgne, 2017-05-30 Ten years ago, world-renowned professors W. Chan Kim and Renee Mauborgne broke ground by introducing blue ocean strategy, a new model for discovering uncontested markets that are ripe for growth. In this bound version of their bestselling Harvard Business Review classic article, they apply their concepts and tools to what is perhaps the greatest challenge of leadership: closing the gulf between the potential and the realized talent and energy of employees. Research indicates that this gulf is vast: According to Gallup, 70% of workers are disengaged from their jobs. If companies could find a way to convert them into engaged employees, the results could be transformative. The trouble is, managers lack a clear understanding of what changes they could make to bring out the best in everyone. In this article, Kim and Mauborgne offer a solution to that problem: a systematic approach to uncovering, at each level of the organization, which leadership acts and activities will inspire employees to give their all, and a process for getting managers throughout the company to start doing them. Blue ocean leadership works because the managers' customers--that is, the people managers oversee and report to--are involved in identifying what's effective and what isn't. Moreover, the approach doesn't require leaders to alter who they are, just to undertake a different set of tasks. And that kind of change is much easier to implement and track than changes to values and mind-sets. The Harvard Business Review Classics series offers you the opportunity to make seminal Harvard Business Review articles a part of your permanent management library. Each highly readable volume contains a groundbreaking idea that continues to shape best practices and inspire countless managers around the world--and will have a direct impact on you today and for years to come. |
| blue ocean strategy ebook: Blue Ocean Strategy Andreas Mebert, Stephanie Lowe, 2017-07-05 In Blue Ocean Strategy, W. Chan Kim and Renée Mauborgne tackle the central problem facing all businesses: how to perform better than your competitors? Their solution involves taking a creative approach to the normal view of competition. In the normal framework, competition is a zero-sum game: if there are two companies competing for the same market, as one does better, the other has to do worse. The authors’ creative leap is to suggest one can beat the competition by not competing. Companies should avoid confronting competitors in crowded marketplaces, what they call “red oceans,” and instead seek out new markets, or “blue oceans.” Once the blue oceans have been identified, companies can get down to the task of creating unique products which exploit that market. Chan and Mauborgne argue, for example, that a wine company might decide to start appealing to a group previously uninterested in wine. This would be a “blue ocean” market, giving the winemaker a huge advantage, which they could exploit by creating a wine that appealed to the tastes of a beer-drinking demographic. A classic of business writing, Blue Ocean Strategy is creative thinking and problem solving at its best. |
| blue ocean strategy ebook: Blue Ocean Strategy with Harvard Business Review Classic Article “Red Ocean Traps” (2 Books) W. Chan Kim, Renée A. Mauborgne, 2017-06-27 Chart a path to creating uncontested market space and winning the future. This collection of work by globally preeminent management thinkers W. Chan Kim and Renée Mauborgne brings together their perennial bestseller book Blue Ocean Strategy with their classic articles “Blue Ocean Leadership” and “Red Ocean Traps.” Blue Ocean Strategy, the global phenomenon that has sold over 4 million copies and is recognized as one of the most iconic and impactful strategy books ever written, argues that cutthroat competition results in nothing but a bloody red ocean of rivals fighting over a shrinking profit pool. Based on a study of 150 strategic moves (spanning more than 100 years across 30 industries), Kim and Mauborgne argue that lasting success comes not from battling competitors but from creating “blue oceans”—untapped new market spaces ripe for growth. The book presents a systematic approach to making competition irrelevant and outlines principles and tools any organization can use to create and capture their own blue oceans. In the article “Red Ocean Traps,” the authors show how managers’ mental models—ingrained assumptions and theories about the way the world works—undermine attempts to discover uncontested new market spaces. The authors provide a framework for avoiding spaces where competition is bloody (red oceans) and moving to blue ocean spaces with ample potential. |
| blue ocean strategy ebook: The W. Chan Kim and Renée Mauborgne Blue Ocean Strategy Reader W. Chan Kim, Renée A. Mauborgne, 2017-01-24 The best of W. Chan Kim and Renée Mauborgne’s articles on blue ocean strategy, all in one place. The seminal book Blue Ocean Strategy has sold over 4 million copies globally and is in print in 49 languages. But much of W. Chan Kim and Renée Mauborgne’s work on creating new market spaces was originally published in the pages of Harvard Business Review. This book brings the best of those articles together all in one place. Piece by piece, these articles explain the process of creating “blue oceans”––uncontested market spaces, untainted by competition. Kim and Mauborgne introduce tools for exploring and exploiting these markets, such as the Value Curve, the Strategy Canvas, the Price Corridor of the Mass, and the Business Model Guide—tools that have come to make up the blue ocean strategy framework. This collection also features the authors’ latest Harvard Business Review article, “Red Ocean Traps.” Whether or not you’re familiar with blue ocean strategy, this book will give you a new perspective on this important framework—and help you implement it in your organization. This volume includes the articles “Value Innovation: The Strategic Logic of High Growth,” “Fair Process: Managing in the Knowledge Economy,” “Creating New Maket Space,” “Knowing a Winning Business Idea When You See One,” “Charting Your Company’s Future,” “Tipping Point Leadership,” “Blue Ocean Strategy,” “How Strategy Shapes Structure,” “Blue Ocean Leadership,” and “Red Ocean Traps: The Mental Models That Undermine Market-Creating Strategies.” |
| blue ocean strategy ebook: Blue Ocean Strategy Concept Pierre Pichère, 2015 |
| blue ocean strategy ebook: Game Theory 50minutes,, 2015-09-02 The art of thinking strategically This book is a practical and accessible guide to understanding and implementing game theory, providing you with the essential information and saving time. In 50 minutes you will be able to: • Quickly master the concept of strategic behavior and interactive decisions • Anticipate the actions of your opponents to react accordingly and maximize gains • Find the key to cooperating in order to reach collective goals ABOUT 50MINUTES.COM| Management & Marketing 50MINUTES.COM provides the tools to quickly understand the main theories and concepts that shape the economic world of today. Our publications are easy to use and they will save you time. They provide elements of theory and case studies, making them excellent guides to understand key concepts in just a few minutes. In fact, they are the starting point to take action and push your business to the next level. |
| blue ocean strategy ebook: Your Strategy Needs a Strategy Martin Reeves, Knut Haanaes, 2015-05-19 You think you have a winning strategy. But do you? Executives are bombarded with bestselling ideas and best practices for achieving competitive advantage, but many of these ideas and practices contradict each other. Should you aim to be big or fast? Should you create a blue ocean, be adaptive, play to win—or forget about a sustainable competitive advantage altogether? In a business environment that is changing faster and becoming more uncertain and complex almost by the day, it’s never been more important—or more difficult—to choose the right approach to strategy. In this book, The Boston Consulting Group’s Martin Reeves, Knut Haanæs, and Janmejaya Sinha offer a proven method to determine the strategy approach that is best for your company. They start by helping you assess your business environment—how unpredictable it is, how much power you have to change it, and how harsh it is—a critical component of getting strategy right. They show how existing strategy approaches sort into five categories—Be Big, Be Fast, Be First, Be the Orchestrator, or simply Be Viable—depending on the extent of predictability, malleability, and harshness. In-depth explanations of each of these approaches will provide critical insight to help you match your approach to strategy to your environment, determine when and how to execute each one, and avoid a potentially fatal mismatch. Addressing your most pressing strategic challenges, you’ll be able to answer questions such as: • What replaces planning when the annual cycle is obsolete? • When can we—and when should we—shape the game to our advantage? • How do we simultaneously implement different strategic approaches for different business units? • How do we manage the inherent contradictions in formulating and executing different strategies across multiple businesses and geographies? Until now, no book brings it all together and offers a practical tool for understanding which strategic approach to apply. Get started today. |
| blue ocean strategy ebook: HBR's 10 Must Reads on Change Management (including featured article "Leading Change," by John P. Kotter) Harvard Business Review, John P. Kotter, W. Chan Kim, Renée A. Mauborgne, 2011-02-24 Most company's change initiatives fail. Yours don't have to. If you read nothing else on change management, read these 10 articles (featuring “Leading Change,” by John P. Kotter). We've combed through hundreds of Harvard Business Review articles and selected the most important ones to help you spearhead change in your organization. HBR's 10 Must Reads on Change Management will inspire you to: Lead change through eight critical stages Establish a sense of urgency Overcome addiction to the status quo Mobilize commitment Silence naysayers Minimize the pain of change Concentrate resources Motivate change when business is good This collection of best-selling articles includes: featured article Leading Change: Why Transformation Efforts Fail by John P. Kotter, Change Through Persuasion, Leading Change When Business Is Good: An Interview with Samuel J. Palmisano, Radical Change, the Quiet Way, Tipping Point Leadership, A Survival Guide for Leaders, The Real Reason People Won't Change, Cracking the Code of Change, The Hard Side of Change Management, and Why Change Programs Don't Produce Change. |
| blue ocean strategy ebook: Upstream Marketing Tim Koelzer, Kristin Kurth, 2021-04-13 In Upstream Marketing, authors Tim Koelzer and Kristin Kurth share best practices, research, case studies, and analysis informed by their more than twenty years of experience helping transform client brands and businesses through their work at EquiBrand Consulting, a top management consultancy. The result is a groundbreaking deep-dive into the fundamentals of upstream marketing—the process of identifying and fulfilling customer needs, which relies on the strategic implementation of three core principles: insight, identity, and innovation. An invaluable tool for business leaders looking for mindset, strategy, and processes that will help them improve their organization proactively, instead of reactively. Upstream Marketing includes meticulous analysis of seven profile companies, breaking down the values and principles that make them great—and offering some how-to tips you can apply yourself. The authors also draw on examples from their own work with clients to help illustrate how applying the principles of upstream marketing correctly and at the right time can impact the health, growth, and success of any business. |
| blue ocean strategy ebook: The Power of Co-Creation Venkat Ramaswamy, Francis J. Gouillart, 2010-10-05 Apple embraced co-creation to enhance the speed and scope of its innovation, generating over $1 billion for its App-Store partner-developers in two years, even as it overtook Microsoft in market value. Starbucks launched its online platform MyStarbucksIdea.com to tap into ideas from customers and turbocharged a turnaround. Unilever turned to co-creation for redesigning product lines such as Sunsilk shampoo and revitalized growth. Nike achieved remarkable success with its Nike+ co-creation initiative, which enables a community of over a million runners to interact with one another and the company, increasing its market share by 10 percent in the first year. Co-creation involves redefining the way organizations engage individuals—customers, employees, suppliers, partners, and other stakeholders—bringing them into the process of value creation and engaging them in enriched experiences, in order to —formulate new breakthrough strategies —design compelling new products and services —transform management processes —lower risks and costs —increase market share, loyalty, and returns In this pathbreaking book, Venkat Ramaswamy (who coined the term co-creation with C. K. Prahalad) and Francis Gouillart, pioneers in working with companies to develop co-creation practices, show how every organization—from large corporation to small firm, and government agency to not-for-profit—can achieve “win more–win more” results with these methods. Based on extraordinary research and the authors’ hands-on experiences with successful projects in co-creation at dozens of the world’s most exciting organizations, The Power of Co-Creation illustrates with detailed examples from leading firms such as those above, as well as from Cisco, GlaxoSmithKline, Amazon, Jabil, Predica, Wacoal, Caja Navarra, and many others, how enterprises have used a wide range of “engagement platforms”—and how they have even restructured internal management processes—in order to harness the power of co-creation. As the authors’ wealth of examples make vividly clear, enterprises can no longer afford to view customers and other stakeholders as passive recipients of their products and services but must learn to engage them in defining and delivering enhanced value. Co-creation goes beyond the conventional “process view” of quality, re-engineering, and lean thinking, and is the essential new mind-set and practice for boosting sustainable growth, productivity, and profits in the future. |
| blue ocean strategy ebook: The Marketing Mix 50minutes,, 2015-09-02 Master the 4 Ps of marketing This book is a practical and accessible guide to understanding and implementing the marketing mix, providing you with the essential information and saving time. In 50 minutes you will be able to: • Launch a new product or test an existing marketing strategy • Understand the 4 Ps of the marketing mix and use them to attract your target market • Analyze case studies of well-known companies to see how the marketing mix operates in real life ABOUT 50MINUTES.COM| Management & Marketing 50MINUTES.COM provides the tools to quickly understand the main theories and concepts that shape the economic world of today. Our publications are easy to use and they will save you time. They provide elements of theory and case studies, making them excellent guides to understand key concepts in just a few minutes. In fact, they are the starting point to take action and push your business to the next level. |
| blue ocean strategy ebook: Key Management Models Marcel Van Assen, Gerben Van den Berg, Paul Pietersma, 2010-04-08 With over 33,500 copies sold of the previous edition, the winning formula of this incredibly successful book will remain the same. From SWOT analysis and core competencies to risk reward analysis and the innovation circle, Key Management Models explains each model in a clear, structured and practical way. There is a brief overview of each of the 61 essential models that spans no more than 3-4 pages. For each model you will find: · The model in a nutshell (‘the big idea’) · Its applicability (‘when to use it’) · The practicalities of applying it (‘how to use it’) · A critical appraisal (‘the final analysis’) The PERFECT reference book, no matter what business you’re in. |
| blue ocean strategy ebook: Blue Ocean Strategy with Harvard Business Review Classic Articles “Blue Ocean Leadership” and “Red Ocean Traps” (3 Books) W. Chan Kim, Renée A. Mauborgne, 2017-06-27 Chart a path to creating uncontested market space and winning the future. This collection of work by globally preeminent management thinkers W. Chan Kim and Renée Mauborgne brings together their perennial bestseller book Blue Ocean Strategy with their classic articles “Blue Ocean Leadership” and “Red Ocean Traps.” Blue Ocean Strategy, the global phenomenon that has sold over 4 million copies and is recognized as one of the most iconic and impactful strategy books ever written, argues that cutthroat competition results in nothing but a bloody red ocean of rivals fighting over a shrinking profit pool. Based on a study of 150 strategic moves (spanning more than 100 years across 30 industries), Kim and Mauborgne argue that lasting success comes not from battling competitors but from creating “blue oceans”—untapped new market spaces ripe for growth. The book presents a systematic approach to making competition irrelevant and outlines principles and tools any organization can use to create and capture their own blue oceans. In the article “Blue Ocean Leadership,” the authors apply their concepts and tools to what is perhaps the greatest challenge of leadership: closing the gulf between the potential and realized talent and energy of employees. The authors offer a systematic method for uncovering, at every level of the organization, which leadership acts and activities will inspire employees to give it their all and a process for getting managers throughout the company to undertake these tasks. In the article “Red Ocean Traps,” the authors show how managers’ mental models—ingrained assumptions and theories about the way the world works—undermine attempts to discover uncontested new market spaces. The authors provide a framework for avoiding spaces where competition is bloody (red oceans) and moving to blue ocean spaces with ample potential. |
| blue ocean strategy ebook: The Six Sigma Method 50minutes,, 2015-09-02 Boost quality and consistency in your business! This book is a practical and accessible guide to understanding and implementing the Six Sigma method, providing you with the essential information and saving time. In 50 minutes you will be able to: • Follow the DMAIC methodology to successfully implement the Six Sigma method in your company • Focus on the three most important factors: customers, employees and processes • Form a strategy that focuses on product quality improvement according to the expectations of your customers ABOUT 50MINUTES.COM| Management & Marketing 50MINUTES.COM provides the tools to quickly understand the main theories and concepts that shape the economic world of today. Our publications are easy to use and they will save you time. They provide elements of theory and case studies, making them excellent guides to understand key concepts in just a few minutes. In fact, they are the starting point to take action and push your business to the next level. |
| blue ocean strategy ebook: Building Industries at Sea - ‘Blue Growth’ and the New Maritime Economy Kate Johnson, Ian Masters, Gordon Dalton, 2022-09-01 Throughout the world there is evidence of mounting interest in marine resources and new maritime industries to create jobs, economic growth and to help in the provision of energy and food security. Expanding populations, insecurity of traditional sources of supply and the effects of climate change add urgency to a perceived need to address and overcome the serious challenges of working in the maritime environment. Four promising areas of activity for ‘Blue Growth’ have been identified at European Union policy level including Aquaculture; Renewable Energy (offshore wind, wave and tide); Seabed Mining; and Blue Biotechnology. Work has started to raise the technological and investment readiness levels (TRLs and IRLs) of these prospective industries drawing on the experience of established maritime industries such as Offshore Oil and Gas; Shipping; Fisheries and Tourism. An accord has to be struck between policy makers and regulators on the one hand, anxious to direct research and business incentives in effective and efficient directions, and developers, investors and businesses on the other, anxious to reduce the risks of such potentially profitable but innovative investments.The EU H2020 MARIBE (Marine Investment for the Blue Economy) funded project was designed to identify the key technical and non-technical challenges facing maritime industries and to place them into the social and economic context of the coastal and ocean economy. MARIBE went on to examine with companies, real projects for the combination of marine industry sectors into multi-use platforms (MUPs). The purpose of this book is to publish the detailed analysis of each prospective and established maritime business sector. Sector experts working to a common template explain what these industries are, how they work, their prospects to create wealth and employment, and where they currently stand in terms of innovation, trends and their lifecycle. The book goes on to describe progress with the changing regulatory and planning regimes in the European Sea Basins including the Caribbean where there are significant European interests. The book includes:• Experienced chapter authors from a truly multidisciplinary team of sector specialisms• First extensive study to compare and contrast traditional Blue Economy with Blue Growth• Complementary to EU and National policies for multi-use of maritime space |
| blue ocean strategy ebook: Blue Ocean Strategy with Harvard Business Review Classic Article “Blue Ocean Leadership” (2 Books) W. Chan Kim, Renée A. Mauborgne, 2017-06-27 Chart a path to creating uncontested market space and winning the future. This collection of work by globally preeminent management thinkers W. Chan Kim and Renée Mauborgne brings together their perennial bestseller book Blue Ocean Strategy with their classic article “Blue Ocean Leadership.” Blue Ocean Strategy, the global phenomenon that has sold over 4 million copies and is recognized as one of the most iconic and impactful strategy books ever written, argues that cutthroat competition results in nothing but a bloody red ocean of rivals fighting over a shrinking profit pool. Based on a study of 150 strategic moves (spanning more than 100 years across 30 industries), Kim and Mauborgne argue that lasting success comes not from battling competitors but from creating “blue oceans”—untapped new market spaces ripe for growth. The book presents a systematic approach to making competition irrelevant and outlines principles and tools any organization can use to create and capture their own blue oceans. In the article “Blue Ocean Leadership,” the authors apply their concepts and tools to what is perhaps the greatest challenge of leadership: closing the gulf between the potential and realized talent and energy of employees. The authors offer a systematic method for uncovering, at every level of the organization, which leadership acts and activities will inspire employees to give it their all and a process for getting managers throughout the company to undertake these tasks. |
| blue ocean strategy ebook: The Blue Ocean Strategy in the Tourist Industry Anastazia Spajic, 2021-09-08 Essay from the year 2021 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 1,0, University of Applied Sciences Essen, language: English, abstract: Nowadays, companies are required to be constantly willing to change in order to achieve efficient business success. This is due to the fact that markets today are characterized by extensive saturation and overcrowding of competing companies. Finally, the large quantity of products and services on offer is hardly differentiable for consumers. The challenges listed above confirm that systematic and efficient innovation management is necessary to secure the existence and future orientation of companies. Within the tourism industry, in particular, there is enormous pressure to innovate due to global competition and the growing expectations of guests. However, tourism businesses are not known for being innovative, they tend to copy showcase examples. This is because there is often a lack of money for research and development, as well as time, as it is already a major challenge to perform the day-to-day tasks. According to a study by PwC, innovative companies should grow faster, generate more revenue and thus represent a key success factor for companies. Therefore, the question of how to embed systematic innovation management in a company is increasingly coming to the fore. One option used when embedding innovation management in companies is the Blue Ocean Strategy. What exactly is meant by the Blue Ocean strategy and how it works will be explained and demonstrated in more detail in this paper. Furthermore, the focus of this scientific essay is to answer the question of to what extent the application of the Blue Ocean strategy within the tourism industry can contribute to its success. This will be analyzed and explained using the example of the “CitizenM” - Hotel chain. In particular, reference will be made to its focus, divergence, and compelling tagline. |
| blue ocean strategy ebook: Blue Ocean Strategy. How IKEA created a new market Henning Wenzel, Andreas Förster, 2016-02-18 Seminar paper from the year 2013 in the subject Business economics - Offline Marketing and Online Marketing, grade: 1,7, University of applied sciences, Cologne, course: International Strategy and Sales Management, language: English, abstract: This assignment describes the Blue Ocean Strategy as an innovation concept within the corporate strategic management on the example of IKEA. This is to be done by analysing the framework and the tools of the Blue Ocean Strategy by considering both basic principles and practical implementation. The Blue Ocean Strategy aspires to turn strategic management on its head by putting “value innovation” in front of “competitive advantage” as the basically goal to create consumer demand and exploit untapped markets. When IKEA entered the market in the late 1950s they focused on the important factors that buyer value and make them to co-producers by implementing unique do-it-yourself mentality. Therefor IKEA combined differentiation with a cost leadership and created a blue ocean helping the founder Ingvar Kamprad to become one of the wealthiest people in the world. As the current business world continues moving towards a faster, more global environment in which there are more and more competitors trying to grab a piece of the pie, the need to develop blue oceans has never been greater. |
| blue ocean strategy ebook: Chinese Maritime Power in the 21st Century Hu Bo, 2019-08-23 This book analyses China’s maritime strategy for the 21st century, integrating strategic planning, policy thinking and strategic prediction. This book explains the construction and application of China's military, political, economic and diplomatic means for building maritime power, and predicts the future of China's maritime power by 2049, as well as development trends in global maritime politics. It explores both the strengths and the limitations of President Xi’s ‘Maritime Dream’ and provides a candid assessment of the likely future balance at sea between China and the United States. This volume explains and discusses China’s claims and intentions in the East and South China Seas and makes some recommendations for China's future policy that will lessen the chance of conflict with the United States and its closer neighbors. This book will be of much interest to students of maritime strategy, naval studies, Chinese politics and International Relations in general. |
| blue ocean strategy ebook: The Theory of Comparative Advantage 50minutes,, 2015-06-04 Why specialisation is the key to success This book is a practical and accessible guide to understanding and implementing the theory of comparative advantage, providing you with essential information and saving time. In 50 minutes you will be able to: • Master the notions of absolute and relative advantage rapidly • Specialise in producing goods or services for which you have the strongest, or least weak productivity compared to others. • Understand which are the strengths underlying the interactions of free trade at work within International trade. ABOUT 50MINUTES.COM| Management & Marketing 50MINUTES.COM provides the tools to quickly understand the main theories and concepts that shape the economic world of today. Our publications are easy to use and they will save you time. They provide both elements of theory and case studies, making them excellent guides to understand key concepts in just a few minutes. In fact, they are the starting point to take action and push your business to the next level. |
| blue ocean strategy ebook: Digital or Death Dominic M Mazzone, 2014-11-03 Digital or Death is the first book on the world of digital strategy that won't bore you to sleep. It takes an entertaining, highly informative real world approach with enough information and energy to get you inspired to innovate. Dominic Mazzone is part digital guru, part comedian, part entrepreneurial titan. He has the uncanny ability to get you thinking in a way you never have before, while creating the motivation you'll need to succeed. If there was a book that could actually increase your drive and expand the creative part of your brain, this is the one. Here's how Digital or Death will change the way you think: • What is Digital Transformation • How to avoid being part of the Digital Die-Off • The Four Pillars of Digital Transformation • How to make Wonder Theory work for you • How to smash your industry through Revolution Delivery • Why every business needs Dynamic Interaction • Make the Strawberry Model and the Christmas Effect part of your business |
| blue ocean strategy ebook: Strategic Management (Text and Cases) Gupta C.B., Gives chapter outline to indicate the topics covered in each chapter. Provides diagrams and tables to illustrate the text. Includes examples from Indian organisations. Incorporates chapter-end summary for quick recapitulation. Gives test questions culled from MBA, M.Com and BBA examinations Includes case studies at the end of every chapter. This textbook is designed for the students of MBA and M.Com. Besides, it will also be useful to the students of MHROD, MIB and MBE. Students of postgraduate diploma in global business operations, chartered accountancy and BBA will also find this book useful. |
| blue ocean strategy ebook: Pareto's Principle 50minutes,, 2015-08-17 Expand your business with the 80/20 rule! This book is a practical and accessible guide to understanding and implementing Pareto’s Principle, providing you with the essential information and saving time. In 50 minutes you will be able to: • Understand Pareto’s Principle and how to identify the 80/20 ratio in any area of your life or business • Identify the most important 20% and focus on the main factors that result in the majority of your results • Use Pareto’s Principle to manage your business more efficiently, increase revenue and get organized ABOUT 50MINUTES.COM| Management & Marketing 50MINUTES.COM provides the tools to quickly understand the main theories and concepts that shape the economic world of today. Our publications are easy to use and they will save you time. They provide both elements of theory and case studies, making them excellent guides to understand key concepts in just a few minutes. In fact, they are the starting point to take action and push your business to the next level. |
| blue ocean strategy ebook: Strategic Decisions Marcel Planellas, Anna Muni, 2019-09-19 For anyone faced with the challenge of making strategic decisions, this book will show readers how to choose the strategic models best suited to their needs. |
| blue ocean strategy ebook: Competitive Strategy. Blue Ocean Strategy for a German Coffee Start-Up Company Anne-Kathrin Skrydlo, 2021-06-30 Bachelor Thesis from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 1,7, University of Applied Sciences Essen, language: English, abstract: The objective of this thesis is the conceptual development of the blue ocean strategy for the start-up company Bonaverde from Berlin. The Blue Ocean Strategy (BOS) is a holistic approach for the systematic development of profitable business models to capture new markets. The concept of the BOS was developed by W. Chan Kim and Renée Mauborgne, university professors at INSEAD Business School. It is the result of fifteen years of investigation, analysing successful companies and their abortive competitors. Coffee is a brewed, caffeinated beverage prepared from roasted and ground coffee beans, which are the seeds of the berries from the Coffea plant. From the region of origin, Kaffa in Ethiopia, over Arabia which has traditionally enjoyed a monopoly position in former days, the coffee finally reached Europe. Only affordable for well-off citizens and aristocrats at one time, coffee has become the most popular beverage in the world by now. Today, coffee is grown in more than 70 countries, mainly in regions near the equator such as South America, Southeast Asia, India and Africa. There, the beans are picked, dried and cleaned. The green coffee beans belong to the most valuable and most traded agricultural commodities in the world. About 8.9 million tonnes of raw coffee are annually exported from developing to developed countries. |
| blue ocean strategy ebook: Michael Porter's Value Chain 50minutes,, 2015-09-02 Understand Michael Porter’s value chain in no time! Find out everything you need to know about this valuable business tool with this practical and accessible guide. The Harvard Business School professor Michael E. Porter has dedicated much of his career to studying competitive advantage. One of his best-known concepts is the value chain, which is used to deliver a product or service to the market and has three key objectives: to improve services, to reduce costs and to create value. The model can be applied to virtually any business in any sector, making it a vital tool for companies looking to make the most of their competitive advantage in an increasingly crowded market. In 50 minutes you will be able to: •Identify the nine functions that generate value within a business •Analyse your company’s activity to make the most of your competitive advantage •Find areas for improvement and take concrete steps to maximise performance ABOUT 50MINUTES.COM | MANAGEMENT AND MARKETING The Management and Marketing series from the 50Minutes collection provides the tools to quickly understand the main theories and concepts that shape the economic world of today. Our publications will give you elements of theory, definitions of key terms and case studies in a clear and easily digestible format, making them the ideal starting point for readers looking to develop their skills and expertise. |
| blue ocean strategy ebook: Different Youngme Moon, 2010-04-06 What if working like crazy to beat the competition did exactly the opposite, making you mediocre and more like the competition? In today’s world of overabundant consumer choices and superfluous apps, upgrades, add-ons, and features, brands have become nearly identical, as their efforts to outdo one another have pushed them into a dizzying herd of indistinct options. Youngme Moon identifies the outliers, the mavericks, the iconoclasts—the players who have thoughtfully rejected orthodoxy in favor of an approach that is more adventurous. Some are even “hostile,” almost daring you to buy what they are selling. Using her original research on companies such as IKEA and Google, Moon will inspire you to be counterintuitive and meaningfully different—to rethink your business strategy, to stop conforming and start deviating, to stop emulating and start innovating. Because to stand out you must become the exception, not the rule. |
| blue ocean strategy ebook: 101 Management Models Marijn Mulders, 2019-11-08 Management models: many students will come across them in their studies, yet it is only when actually working with them that the function and benefit of management models are revealed. 101 Management Models gives a comprehensive overview of traditional models as well as innovations in management models. To allow quick access to the models, several indexes are provided, arranged by objective, discipline and author. All models are discussed in a transparent format: the fundamentals of the management model; its application; the result; the pitfalls. This intuitive and accessible textbook will be useful for all students of management - particularly those coming at the topic from another background such as economics or engineering and is supported by a companion website: http://www.managementmodels-englishedition.noordhoff.nl/ |
| blue ocean strategy ebook: Good Strategy/Bad Strategy Richard Rumelt, 2011-06-09 When Richard Rumelt's Good Strategy/Bad Strategy was published in 2011, it immediately struck a chord, calling out as bad strategy the mish-mash of pop culture, motivational slogans and business buzz speak so often and misleadingly masquerading as the real thing. Since then, his original and pragmatic ideas have won fans around the world and continue to help readers to recognise and avoid the elements of bad strategy and adopt good, action-oriented strategies that honestly acknowledge the challenges being faced and offer straightforward approaches to overcoming them. Strategy should not be equated with ambition, leadership, vision or planning; rather, it is coherent action backed by an argument. For Rumelt, the heart of good strategy is insight into the hidden power in any situation, and into an appropriate response - whether launching a new product, fighting a war or putting a man on the moon. Drawing on examples of the good and the bad from across all sectors and all ages, he shows how this insight can be cultivated with a wide variety of tools that lead to better thinking and better strategy, strategy that cuts through the hype and gets results. |
| blue ocean strategy ebook: Business Model Generation Alexander Osterwalder, Yves Pigneur, 2013-02-01 Business Model Generation is a handbook for visionaries, game changers, and challengers striving to defy outmoded business models and design tomorrow's enterprises. If your organization needs to adapt to harsh new realities, but you don't yet have a strategy that will get you out in front of your competitors, you need Business Model Generation. Co-created by 470 Business Model Canvas practitioners from 45 countries, the book features a beautiful, highly visual, 4-color design that takes powerful strategic ideas and tools, and makes them easy to implement in your organization. It explains the most common Business Model patterns, based on concepts from leading business thinkers, and helps you reinterpret them for your own context. You will learn how to systematically understand, design, and implement a game-changing business model--or analyze and renovate an old one. Along the way, you'll understand at a much deeper level your customers, distribution channels, partners, revenue streams, costs, and your core value proposition. Business Model Generation features practical innovation techniques used today by leading consultants and companies worldwide, including 3M, Ericsson, Capgemini, Deloitte, and others. Designed for doers, it is for those ready to abandon outmoded thinking and embrace new models of value creation: for executives, consultants, entrepreneurs, and leaders of all organizations. If you're ready to change the rules, you belong to the business model generation! |
| blue ocean strategy ebook: Strategy David Mackay, David (Professor of Practice Mackay, Professor of Practice University of Strathclyde), Mikko (Senior Lecturer in Strategic Management Strategy Arevuo, Senior Lecturer in Strategic Management Strategy Cranfield University), Mikko Arevuo, Maureen (Professor of Strategic Management Meadows, Professor of Strategic Management Coventry University), Maureen Meadows, 2023-03-27 What does strategy mean to the founder and CEO of a coaching and consulting company whose mission is to create inclusive and values-driven cultures where people can achieve their full potential while positively impacting society?How is sustainable strategic decision-making viewed by a former Member of the European Parliament?Developed in consultation with lecturers, students, and professionals, the research-driven process-practice model of strategy in Strategy: Theory, Practice, Implementation places implementation at its core, enabling students to develop a crystal-clear understanding of how strategy operates in aculture of dynamism, adaptability, and change.The authors' wealth of teaching, research, and practitioner experience shines through in their writing as they strike the perfect balance between clarity and rigour. They expertly cover all the core areas of strategy, using carefully paced, step-by-step guidance to apply theories and models ofstrategy to a diverse range of examples, making the text the most practical of its kind.Moving beyond the limits of traditional texts, Strategy offers unique Practitioner Insights (and accompanying video interviews) gathered from professionals engaged in a range of strategic roles, across multiple industries and sectors worldwide, to help students grasp the complex reality of strategicmanagement in practice.Strategy ultimately provides students with an empowering, critical, and highly practical approach to thinking, talking, and acting like a strategist.Online resources accompanying the textbook include:For registered adopters:- A test bank- PowerPoint slides- Answers to, or guidance on, the case study questions in the book- A series of 'Boardroom Challenges' for use in group role play exercises / action learning simulations- Teaching notes on using the 'Boardroom Challenges' in classFor students:- Practitioner insight video interviews, and further videos providing advice on how students can enhance their employability- Research Insights to broaden students' perspectives of academic research and its impact on strategic thinking- Links to articles, cases, chapters, or multimedia resources to support students' further reading- Additional case studies with exercises or discussion questions- MCQs- Guidance on how to analyse a case study- Flashcard glossary- Two additional chapters: Chapter 15 Designing effective strategy activities; Chapter 16 Strategy in practice: learning, reflecting, thinking |
| blue ocean strategy ebook: RYA Tactics (G-G40) Royal Yachting Association, Mark Rushall, 2020-05-05 RYA Tactics is the go-to handbook for all sailors and coaches interested in improving their performance on the race course. Written by sailing tactics specialist Mark Rushall, it is based on his many years of successful dinghy and keelboat racing, and his career as an Olympic sailing coach. Packed with easy-to-digest advice and information, it has clear diagrams and explanations and features excellent photography throughout to demonstrate racing in action. RYA Tactics breaks down the myths around racing tactics and provides you with winning strategies for a wide range of race courses and weather conditions. Written from the perspective of both coach and sailor, RYA Tactics takes you logically and holistically through each aspect of a sailing race. Shedding a new light on mastering race tactics, it has three easy-to-follow sections: Setting the scene Before the start The race The third edition features new chapters that include cutting-edge advice on analysing weather conditions, club racing, positioning as a strategy, and tactics in fast boats. It also discusses strategy building and looks at all parts of the race in detail, recommending specific tactics for each stage. Whether you’re looking to understand wind shifts better, start fast, use a race compass, or get round the marks first, this book will get you there. Accessibility Screen Reader Friendly: Yes Accessibility Summary: This publication conforms to WCAG 2.0 Level AA. Long descriptions are present. Accessibility Features: Images have alternate text Images have long descriptions Book has table of contents Accessibility Hazards: None Accessibility Conformance: WCAG 2.0 AA Self-Certified by: Royal Yachting Association |
| blue ocean strategy ebook: Ishikawa Diagram 50minutes,, 2015-09-17 Anticipate and solve problems within your business This book is a practical and accessible guide to understanding and implementing the Ishikawa diagram, providing you with the essential information and saving time. In 50 minutes you will be able to: • Recognize the benefits of using the Ishikawa diagram for problem-solving and project management • Clearly identify the root causes of a problem through brainstorming session and categorizing them according to the 5 Ms • Use your findings to devise a concrete plan of action to tackle the underlying cause of the problem ABOUT 50MINUTES.COM | Management & Marketing 50MINUTES.COM provides the tools to quickly understand the main theories and concepts that shape the economic world of today. Our publications are easy to use and they will save you time. They provide elements of theory and case studies, making them excellent guides to understand key concepts in just a few minutes. In fact, they are the starting point to take action and push your business to the next level. |
| blue ocean strategy ebook: Stirring It Up Gary Hirshberg, 2008-01-08 A true force for change, Gary Hirshberg has been at the forefront of movements working for environmental and social transformation for 30 years. From his early days as an educator and activist to his current position as President and CE-Yo of Stonyfield Farm, the world's largest organic yogurt company, Hirshberg's positive outlook has inspired thousands of people to recognize their ability to make the world a better place. In Stirring It Up, Hirshberg calls on individuals to realize their power to effect change in the marketplace -- the power of one -- while proving that environmental commitment makes for a healthier planet and a healthier bottom line. Drawing from his 25 years' experience growing Stonyfield Farm from a 7-cow start-up, as well as the examples of like-minded companies, such as Newman's Own, Patagonia, Wal-Mart and Timberland, Hirshberg presents stunning evidence that business not only can save the planet, but is able to simultaneously deliver higher growth and superior profits as well. Hirshberg illustrates his points with practical information and advice, as well as engaging anecdotes from what he calls the bad old days of his yogurt company: how a power outage left him milking cows by hand, how a dumpster fire revealed the need for better packaging, and his camel manure taste test challenge to a local shock jock. He also describes hands-on grassroots marketing strategies -- printing yogurt lids with provocative, politically charged messages, handing out thousands of free samples to subway commuters to thank them for using public transit, and devising the country's first organic vending machine -- explaining how these approaches make a much more powerful impact on consumers than traditional advertising. An inspiring book for business owners and managers as well as anyone interested in saving the environment, Stirring It Up demonstrates how companies can work to save the planet, while achieving greater profits and satisfaction, and how we can all use the power of conscious consumption to encourage green corporate behavior. |
| blue ocean strategy ebook: Strategic Management John L. Thompson, Frank Martin, Jonathan Scott, 2014-01-20 Bringing a sharp awareness of the turbulence of global business and change, Thompson, Scott and Martin present a comprehensive introduction to modern strategy. Secure your understanding of tomorrow's business world using this established yet forward-looking textbook and its host of dynamic learning features. |
| blue ocean strategy ebook: I Am Not A Serial Killer Dan Wells, 2010-03-30 John Wayne Cleaver is dangerous, and he knows it. He's spent his life doing his best not to live up to his potential. He's obsessed with serial killers, but really doesn't want to become one. So for his own sake, and the safety of those around him, he lives by rigid rules he's written for himself, practicing normal life as if it were a private religion that could save him from damnation. Dead bodies are normal to John. He likes them, actually. They don't demand or expect the empathy he's unable to offer. Perhaps that's what gives him the objectivity to recognize that there's something different about the body the police have just found behind the Wash-n-Dry Laundromat---and to appreciate what that difference means. Now, for the first time, John has to confront a danger outside himself, a threat he can't control, a menace to everything and everyone he would love, if only he could. Dan Wells's debut novel, I Am Not a Serial Killer, is the first volume of a trilogy that will keep you awake and then haunt your dreams. At the Publisher's request, this title is being sold without Digital Rights Management Software (DRM) applied. |
| blue ocean strategy ebook: Global Marketing, 4/E Hollensen, 2009-09 |
Blue Ocean Strategy - pstrada.com
In this expanded edition, W. Chan Kim and Renée Mauborgne build upon their time-tested lessons and ofer evidence that you can maximize opportunity and minimize risk while building …
BLUE OCEAN STRATEGY, EXPANDED EDITION
Jul 31, 2020 · Go into the fi eld to explore the six paths to creating blue oceans. Observe the distinctive advantages of alternative products and services. See which factors you should …
BOSH eBook 2 - Blue Ocean Strategy
Aug 3, 2023 · HOW THE RIGHT PERSPECTIVE, PRACTICAL TOOLS AND A HUMANISTIC PROCESS CAN HELP YOU SHIFT TO A BLUE OCEAN. The first component is adopting a …
BLUE OCEANSTRATEGY
Creativity and Entrepreneurship are often random and risky. Blue Ocean Strategy uses tools and frameworks that minimize risks and maximize opportunities as you create a newbusiness.
Blue Ocean
ful, yet simple. It will help shift my thinking from Red Ocean to Blue Ocean and I look forward to . concept quickly. The corresponding book references .
Blue Ocean Strategy PDF - cdn.bookey.app
To thrive in blue oceans, companies must handle risks and utilize analytical frameworks, aligning their strategies for effective execution. This chapter sets the stage for exploring the principles …
Blue Ocean Strategy - YSU
Blue ocean strategy challenges companies to break out of the red ocean of bloody competition by creating uncontested market space that makes the competition irrelevant.
BLUE OCEAN STRATEGY book summary
Learn how to put these practical market-creating tools into practice to move from red ocean of competition to blue oceans of new market space and to do so in a way that people own and …
Blue Oceans - TTM Associates
Blue ocean strategy is based on a ten-year study of more than 150 strategic moves spanning more than 30 industries over 100 years, analysing not only leading business players who …
Analytical Tools and Frameworks - Politeknik NSC Surabaya
analytics to navigate successfully in blue waters. In the absence of analytics, executives cannot be expected to act on the call to break out of existing competition. Effective blue ocean …
Chapter One: Creating Blue Oceans - northwest.academy
Although some blue oceans are created well beyond existing industry boundaries, most are created from within red oceans by expanding existing industry boundaries, as Cirque du Soleil …
Blue Ocean Strategy
My Ocean Is Turning Red.
A b o u t T h e A u t h o r s - Blue Ocean Strategy
They have been working together for the past 30 years, decoding the requirements for strategic success and challenging organizations, nations and individuals to create blue oceans of …
Get the Strategic Sequence Right - Politeknik NSC Surabaya
The formulation of blue ocean strategy is complete only when you can address adoption hurdles in the beginning to ensure the successful actualization of your idea.
FIVE STEPS TO MAKING A BLUE OCEAN SHIFT
If you want to minimize the randomness and trial and error in creating new market space, follow these five systematic steps so that you maximize the chances of hitting the bulls-eye. Select …
Blue Ocean Strategy | Shift CASEBOOK
Follow the blue ocean shift process to create a blue ocean in the highly competitive travel industry. This is a unique combination of strategy formulation exercise and case method. Don’t …
Thomas Barsch Thomas Heupel Holger Trautmann Hrsg. Die …
vorliegende Buch adressiert demgegenüber die erfolgreiche Anwendung der BOS® in Nischenmärkten. Im Anschluss an einen wissenschaftlichen Diskurs zur erfolgreichen …
Executing Blue Ocean Strategy - Politeknik NSC Surabaya
This brings us to the fifth principle of blue ocean strategy: Overcome key organizational hurdles to make blue ocean strategy happen in action. To achieve this effectively, however, companies …
Blue Ocean Strategy, Expanded Edition: How to Create …
The aim of blue ocean strategy was straightforward: to allow any organization— large or small, new or incumbent—to step up to the challenge of creating blue oceans in an opportunity …
Blue ocean Strategy - Scholars at Harvard
Traditional Competitive Strategy vs Blue Ocean Strategy . ∗Competitive Advantage - Porter’s Five Forces ∗Blue Ocean Strategy is a: ∗Value Innovation Strategy – competes in an uncontested …
Blue Ocean Strategy - pstrada.com
In this expanded edition, W. Chan Kim and Renée Mauborgne build upon their time-tested lessons and ofer evidence that you can maximize opportunity and minimize risk while building …
BLUE OCEAN STRATEGY, EXPANDED EDITION
Jul 31, 2020 · Go into the fi eld to explore the six paths to creating blue oceans. Observe the distinctive advantages of alternative products and services. See which factors you should …
BOSH eBook 2 - Blue Ocean Strategy
Aug 3, 2023 · HOW THE RIGHT PERSPECTIVE, PRACTICAL TOOLS AND A HUMANISTIC PROCESS CAN HELP YOU SHIFT TO A BLUE OCEAN. The first component is adopting a …
BLUE OCEANSTRATEGY
Creativity and Entrepreneurship are often random and risky. Blue Ocean Strategy uses tools and frameworks that minimize risks and maximize opportunities as you create a newbusiness.
Blue Ocean
ful, yet simple. It will help shift my thinking from Red Ocean to Blue Ocean and I look forward to . concept quickly. The corresponding book references .
Blue Ocean Strategy PDF - cdn.bookey.app
To thrive in blue oceans, companies must handle risks and utilize analytical frameworks, aligning their strategies for effective execution. This chapter sets the stage for exploring the principles …
Blue Ocean Strategy - YSU
Blue ocean strategy challenges companies to break out of the red ocean of bloody competition by creating uncontested market space that makes the competition irrelevant.
BLUE OCEAN STRATEGY book summary
Learn how to put these practical market-creating tools into practice to move from red ocean of competition to blue oceans of new market space and to do so in a way that people own and …
Blue Oceans - TTM Associates
Blue ocean strategy is based on a ten-year study of more than 150 strategic moves spanning more than 30 industries over 100 years, analysing not only leading business players who …
Analytical Tools and Frameworks - Politeknik NSC Surabaya
analytics to navigate successfully in blue waters. In the absence of analytics, executives cannot be expected to act on the call to break out of existing competition. Effective blue ocean …
Chapter One: Creating Blue Oceans - northwest.academy
Although some blue oceans are created well beyond existing industry boundaries, most are created from within red oceans by expanding existing industry boundaries, as Cirque du Soleil …
Blue Ocean Strategy
My Ocean Is Turning Red.
A b o u t T h e A u t h o r s - Blue Ocean Strategy
They have been working together for the past 30 years, decoding the requirements for strategic success and challenging organizations, nations and individuals to create blue oceans of …
Get the Strategic Sequence Right - Politeknik NSC Surabaya
The formulation of blue ocean strategy is complete only when you can address adoption hurdles in the beginning to ensure the successful actualization of your idea.
FIVE STEPS TO MAKING A BLUE OCEAN SHIFT
If you want to minimize the randomness and trial and error in creating new market space, follow these five systematic steps so that you maximize the chances of hitting the bulls-eye. Select …
Blue Ocean Strategy | Shift CASEBOOK
Follow the blue ocean shift process to create a blue ocean in the highly competitive travel industry. This is a unique combination of strategy formulation exercise and case method. Don’t …
Thomas Barsch Thomas Heupel Holger Trautmann Hrsg. Die …
vorliegende Buch adressiert demgegenüber die erfolgreiche Anwendung der BOS® in Nischenmärkten. Im Anschluss an einen wissenschaftlichen Diskurs zur erfolgreichen …
Executing Blue Ocean Strategy - Politeknik NSC Surabaya
This brings us to the fifth principle of blue ocean strategy: Overcome key organizational hurdles to make blue ocean strategy happen in action. To achieve this effectively, however, companies …
