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| cleaning in different languages: The State of Foreign Language Capabilities in National Security and the Federal Government United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs. Subcommittee on International Security, Proliferation, and Federal Services, 2001 |
| cleaning in different languages: The Complete Book of Clean Toni Hammersley, 2017-04-11 The follow-up to the bestselling Complete Book of Home Organization, the Complete Book of Clean is a foolproof, eco-friendly guide to cleaning your home ... Learn the best seasons to tackle home projects, storage solutions to simplify the process and teach even the messiest kids to clean up after themselves. This book will help you tackle every mess, stain and dust-magnet, and keep things from getting out of hand in the future--all while being friendly to the environment and keeping toxic chemicals out of your home. Whether you're a neat freak or new to the world of homekeeping, let Toni Hammersley be your guide to establishing routines, learning techniques and mastering the best home cleaning hacks out there.-- |
| cleaning in different languages: 365 Quick & Easy Tips: Home Cleaning Weldon Owen, 2022-05-03 Quick and Easy Home Cleaning gives you everything you need to know on how to establish practical cleaning routines, create daily upkeep schedules, and make DIY green-cleaning solutions to help keep every area of your home neat, safe, and, most importantly, spotless. Learn how to tackle the most difficult stains, how often to deep clean upholstery, and how to maintain cleanliness throughout all 365 days of the year. Complete with step-by-step instructions and handy checklists to make cleaning and organizing your home easier than you ever thought possible, learn the secrets to implementing a proven cleaning system to keep up with daily, weekly, and monthly chores for a spotless home. Whether you’re new to home keeping or a seasoned cleaner, you’ll find that cleanliness is achievable all year long, one day at a time. 365 TIPS: Discover a practical, easy-to-do cleaning tip for every day of the year SIMPLE STEPS: Quick and Easy Home Cleaning breaks down the seemingly daunting task of cleaning your home into simple steps that anyone can do MAKE DIY CLEANING PRODUCTS: Learn how to make your own economical and environmentally friendly cleaning solutions that make your house sparkle while also being kind to the Earth |
| cleaning in different languages: On Language and Linguistics M.A.K. Halliday, 2006-03-01 For nearly half a century, Professor M.A.K. Halliday has been enriching the discipline of linguistics with his keen insights into the social demiotic phenomenon we call language. This volume includes papers that explore different aspects of language froma systemic functional perspective. |
| cleaning in different languages: For the Love of Language Kate Burridge, Tonya N. Stebbins, 2019-11-12 For the Love of Language: An Introduction to Linguistics is an engaging introduction to human language and the role of linguistics in understanding its fundamental design, acquisition and functions. Replete with case studies and examples from Australia, New Zealand and around the world, this text offers a thorough introduction to core topics, including the structure and meaning of words, the systems that organise language, strategies for learning about language, the evolution of language and the function of language as a complex social resource. The second edition includes extensive new content across the entire text, including the areas of orthography, syntax, corpus linguistics, language acquisition and multilingualism. Each topic is accompanied by a wide array of pedagogical resources designed to consolidate student understanding, including examples and exercises. Each chapter ends with a research project, providing readers with an opportunity to build on fundamental skills and engage more thoroughly with each topic. |
| cleaning in different languages: International Encyclopedia of Linguistics William J. Frawley, 2003-05-01 The International Encyclopedia of Linguistics, 2nd Edition encompasses the full range of the contemporary field of linguistics, including historical, comparative, formal, mathematical, functional, and philosophical linguistics with special attention given to interrelations within branches of linguistics and to relations of linguistics with other disciplines. Areas of intersection with the social and behavioral sciences--ethnolinguistics, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, and behavioral linguistics--receive major coverage, along with interdisciplinary work in language and literature, mathematical linguistics, computational linguistics, and applied linguistics. Longer entries in the International Encyclopedia of Linguistics, ranging up to four thousand words, survey the major fields of study--for example, anthropological linguistics, history of linguistics, semantics, and phonetics. Shorter entries treat specific topics within these fields, such as code switching, sound symbolism, and syntactic features. Other short entries define and discuss technical terms used within the various subfields or provide sketches of the careers of important scholars in the history of linguistics, such as Leonard Bloomfield, Roman Jakobson, and Edward Sapir. A major portion of the work is its extensive coverage of languages and language families. From those as familiar as English, Japanese, and the Romance languages to Hittite, Yoruba, and Nahuatl, all corners of the world receive treatment. Languages that are the subject of independent entries are analyzed in terms of their phonology, grammatical features, syntax, and writing systems. Lists attached to each article on a language group or family enumerate all languages, extinct or still spoken, within that group and provide detailed information on the number of known speakers, geographical range, and degree of intelligibility with other languages in the group. In this way, virtually every known language receives coverage. For ease of reference and to aid research, the articles are alphabetically arranged, each signed by the contributor, supported by up-to-date bibliographies, line drawings, maps, tables, and diagrams, and readily accessible via a system of cross-references and a detailed index and synoptic outline. Authoritative, comprehensive, and innovative, the 2nd edition of the International Encyclopedia of Linguistics will be an indispensable addition to personal, public, academic, and research libraries and will introduce a new generation of readers to the complexities and concerns of this field of study. |
| cleaning in different languages: A Dictionary of the English and German Languages, with a Synopsis of English Words Differently Pronounced by Different Orthoëpists Christoph Friedrich Grieb, 1857 |
| cleaning in different languages: Cleaning and Dyeing World , 1927 |
| cleaning in different languages: Clean Code Robert C. Martin, 2009 This title shows the process of cleaning code. Rather than just illustrating the end result, or just the starting and ending state, the author shows how several dozen seemingly small code changes can positively impact the performance and maintainability of an application code base. |
| cleaning in different languages: Form, Function, and Style in Instructional Design: Emerging Research and Opportunities Hai-Jew, Shalin, 2019-09-06 As technological influences and advancements change the format and availability of online learning, instructional design is forced to adapt and accommodate to these changes by exploring different approaches to form, function, and style. These changes are noticeable in the characteristics of instructional design and are made with the intention of promoting the betterment of students’ educational experiences. Form, Function, and Style in Instructional Design: Emerging Research and Opportunities is an essential research book that explores attributes of instructional design in various real-world projects and how it is applied to learning contexts, technological contexts, visualization design, character design, and more. Highlighting topics such as affective learning, learning efficacy, and curriculum design, this book is ideal for educators, administrators, instructional designers, curriculum developers, software developers, instructors, academicians, and students. |
| cleaning in different languages: Government and Codeswitching Helena Halmari, 1997-01-01 Bilingual codeswitching is a complex, multifaceted phenomenon, which calls for explanations on several different linguistic levels. This volume focuses on one such level: the level of syntax. An explanation for the regularities and consistencies in the codeswitching patterns of American Finns in their spontaneous conversations is sought for in the Universal Grammar -based principle of government as realized in case-assignment and agreement relations. A bulk of the Finnish-English intrasentential data get their explanation on the structural, hierarchical level, but this level of syntax is found to be interestingly intertwined with sociolinguistic, psycholinguistic, and discourse levels, which all contribute to variation in codeswitching patterns. The proposed principle of government is seen as one important explanation in typologically certain kinds of language pairs such as Finnish and English; however, this principle is not treated as a monolithic constraint, but rather as the leading tendency which is occasionally overridden by other than syntactic forces. The volume is intended as a complement not as a contradiction to earlier explanations of codeswitching phenomena. Its main message is: while all linguistic levels contribute to the construction of bilingual speech, the importance of syntax can not be ignored. |
| cleaning in different languages: Computational Phraseology Gloria Corpas Pastor, Jean-Pierre Colson, 2020-05-15 Whether you wish to deliver on a promise, take a walk down memory lane or even on the wild side, phraseological units (also often referred to as phrasemes or multiword expressions) are present in most communicative situations and in all world’s languages. Phraseology, the study of phraseological units, has therefore become a rare unifying theme across linguistic theories. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have been concerned with the computational treatment of multiword expressions: these pertain among others to their automatic identification, extraction or translation, and to the role they play in various Natural Language Processing applications. Computational Phraseology is a comparatively new field where better understanding and more advances are urgently needed. This book aims to address this pressing need, by bringing together contributions focusing on different perspectives of this promising interdisciplinary field. |
| cleaning in different languages: Computational Processing of the Portuguese Language Helena Caseli, Aline Villavicencio, António Teixeira, Fernando Perdigao, 2012-04-11 This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Computational Processing of the Portuguese Language, PROPOR 2012, held in Coimbra, Portugal in April 2012. The 24 revised full papers and 23 revised short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 86 submissions. These papers cover the areas related to phonology, morphology and POS-Tagging, acquisition, language resources, linguistic description, syntax and parsing, semantics, opinion analysis, natural language processing applications, speech production and phonetics, speech resources, speech processing and applications. |
| cleaning in different languages: Decoding Large Language Models Irena Cronin, 2024-10-31 Explore the architecture, development, and deployment strategies of large language models to unlock their full potential Key Features Gain in-depth insight into LLMs, from architecture through to deployment Learn through practical insights into real-world case studies and optimization techniques Get a detailed overview of the AI landscape to tackle a wide variety of AI and NLP challenges Purchase of the print or Kindle book includes a free PDF eBook Book DescriptionEver wondered how large language models (LLMs) work and how they're shaping the future of artificial intelligence? Written by a renowned author and AI, AR, and data expert, Decoding Large Language Models is a combination of deep technical insights and practical use cases that not only demystifies complex AI concepts, but also guides you through the implementation and optimization of LLMs for real-world applications. You’ll learn about the structure of LLMs, how they're developed, and how to utilize them in various ways. The chapters will help you explore strategies for improving these models and testing them to ensure effective deployment. Packed with real-life examples, this book covers ethical considerations, offering a balanced perspective on their societal impact. You’ll be able to leverage and fine-tune LLMs for optimal performance with the help of detailed explanations. You’ll also master techniques for training, deploying, and scaling models to be able to overcome complex data challenges with confidence and precision. This book will prepare you for future challenges in the ever-evolving fields of AI and NLP. By the end of this book, you’ll have gained a solid understanding of the architecture, development, applications, and ethical use of LLMs and be up to date with emerging trends, such as GPT-5.What you will learn Explore the architecture and components of contemporary LLMs Examine how LLMs reach decisions and navigate their decision-making process Implement and oversee LLMs effectively within your organization Master dataset preparation and the training process for LLMs Hone your skills in fine-tuning LLMs for targeted NLP tasks Formulate strategies for the thorough testing and evaluation of LLMs Discover the challenges associated with deploying LLMs in production environments Develop effective strategies for integrating LLMs into existing systems Who this book is for If you’re a technical leader working in NLP, an AI researcher, or a software developer interested in building AI-powered applications, this book is for you. To get the most out of this book, you should have a foundational understanding of machine learning principles; proficiency in a programming language such as Python; knowledge of algebra and statistics; and familiarity with natural language processing basics. |
| cleaning in different languages: Selected Papers of Karl Abraham, M.D. Karl Abraham, 1927 |
| cleaning in different languages: Understanding Language through Humor Stanley Dubinsky, Chris Holcomb, 2011-09-15 Students often struggle to understand linguistic concepts through examples of language data provided in class or in texts. Presented with ambiguous information, students frequently respond that they do not 'get it'. The solution is to find an example of humour that relies on the targeted ambiguity. Once they laugh at the joke, they have tacitly understood the concept, and then it is only a matter of explaining why they found it funny. Utilizing cartoons and jokes illustrating linguistic concepts, this book makes it easy to understand these concepts, while keeping the reader's attention and interest. Organized like a course textbook in linguistics, it covers all the major topics in a typical linguistics survey course, including communication systems, phonetics and phonology, morphemes, words, phrases, sentences, language use, discourses, child language acquisition and language variation, while avoiding technical terminology. |
| cleaning in different languages: French Words M. H. Offord, 2001-01-01 Using an original mode of presentation, the 'textbite', this book seeks to approach the French vocabulary from as many angles as possible - showing how French words are constructed, the difficulties inherent in defining a word, the relationships words enter into, their origins, and recent trends in word formation. Examples and exercises are provided throughout. |
| cleaning in different languages: Textile World , 1917 |
| cleaning in different languages: Prediction and Inference from Social Networks and Social Media Jalal Kawash, Nitin Agarwal, Tansel Özyer, 2017-03-16 This book addresses the challenges of social network and social media analysis in terms of prediction and inference. The chapters collected here tackle these issues by proposing new analysis methods and by examining mining methods for the vast amount of social content produced. Social Networks (SNs) have become an integral part of our lives; they are used for leisure, business, government, medical, educational purposes and have attracted billions of users. The challenges that stem from this wide adoption of SNs are vast. These include generating realistic social network topologies, awareness of user activities, topic and trend generation, estimation of user attributes from their social content, and behavior detection. This text has applications to widely used platforms such as Twitter and Facebook and appeals to students, researchers, and professionals in the field. |
| cleaning in different languages: Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries Trond Aalberg, Christos Papatheodorou, Milena Dobreva, Giannis Tsakonas, Charles J. Farrugia, 2013-08-30 This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Conference on Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries, TPDL 2013 (formerly European Conference on Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries, ECDL) held in Valletta, Malta, in September 2013. The 24 full papers, 13 short papers, 22 posters and 8 demonstrations presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 158 submissions. The papers cover a wide range of research topics, clustered in four broader areas: foundation, infrastructures, content, and services. They have been organized in topical sections on conceptual models and formal issues, aggregation and archiving, user behavior, digital curation, mining and extraction, architectures and interoperability, interfaces to digital libraries, semantic web, information retrieval and browsing, and preservation. Also included are 6 tutorials and 2 panels. |
| cleaning in different languages: Environmental Information in Instructions for Use of Consumer Products Ari Nissinen, 2005-03-11 The European Union has highlighted the issue of environmentally sound use of products in the context of Integrated Product Policy, IPP. Accordingly, consumers should have easy access to understandable, relevant and credible environmental information. Information about product characteristics is available in different forms and sources, but in many cases, relevant environmental information is not available on the product itself. The study described in this report was initiated in order to produce information on the state of user instructions regarding environmental information. User manuals of passenger cars and refrigerators were focused on, examining the advice which could diminish the harmful environmental effects of the use of these products. Other studied products included such durable products as textiles and furniture as well as such consumables as cleaning chemicals and recyclable paper products. The study raised many ideas about actions that could promote the status and 'eco-development' of instructions for use. |
| cleaning in different languages: Language, Global Mobilities, Blue-Collar Workers and Blue-collar Workplaces Kellie Gonçalves, Helen Kelly-Holmes, 2020-11-26 This collection brings together global perspectives which critically examine the ways in which language as a resource is used and managed in myriad ways in various blue-collar workplace settings in today’s globalized economy. In focusing on blue-collar work environments, the book sheds further light on the informal processes through which top down language policies take place in different multilingual settings and the resultant asymmetrical power relations which emerge among employees and employers in such settings. Taking into account the latest debates on poststructuralist theories of language, the volume also extends its conceptualization of language to demonstrate the ways in which it extends to a wider range of multilingual and multimodal resources and communicative practices, all of which combine in unique and different ways toward constructing meaning in the workplace. The volume’s unique focus on such workplaces also showcases domains of work which have generally until now been less visible within existing research on language in the workplace and the subsequent methodological challenges that arise from studying them. Integrating a range of theoretical and methodological approaches, along with empirical data from a diverse range of blue-collar workplaces, this book will be of particular interest to students and researchers in critical sociolinguistics, applied linguistics, sociology, and linguistic anthropology. |
| cleaning in different languages: Federal Register , 2012-09 |
| cleaning in different languages: Mastering Perl for Bioinformatics James Tisdall, 2003-09-25 Historically, programming hasn't been considered a critical skill for biologists. But now, with access to vast amounts of biological data contained in public databases, programming skills are increasingly in strong demand in biology research and development. Perl, with its highly developed capacities in string handling, text processing, networking, and rapid prototyping, has emerged as the programming language of choice for biological data analysis.Mastering Perl for Bioinformatics covers the core Perl language and many of its module extensions, presenting them in the context of biological data and problems of pressing interest to the biological community. This book, along with Beginning Perl for Bioinformatics, forms a basic course in Perl programming. This second volume finishes the basic Perl tutorial material (references, complex data structures, object-oriented programming, use of modules--all presented in a biological context) and presents some advanced topics of considerable interest in bioinformatics.The range of topics covered in Mastering Perl for Bioinformatics prepares the reader for enduring and emerging developments in critical areas of bioinformatics programming such as: Gene finding String alignment Methods of data storage and retrieval (SML and databases) Modeling of networks (graphs and Petri nets) Graphics (Tk) Parallelization Interfacing with other programming languages Statistics (PDL) Protein structure determination Biological models of computation (DNA Computers) Biologists and computer scientists who have conquered the basics of Perl and are ready to move even further in their mastery of this versatile language will appreciate the author's well-balanced approach to applying Perl's analytical abilities to the field of bioinformatics. Full of practical examples and real-world biological problem solving, this book is a must for any reader wanting to move beyond beginner level Perl in bioinformatics. |
| cleaning in different languages: Homeschooling For Dummies Jennifer Kaufeld, 2011-04-20 If you believe that a good education is the greatest gift you can give your child, you’re probably pretty unhappy with what’s being taught in most classrooms these days. If you think that education should do more than just train kids to take standardized tests, that it should build their critical thinking skills, enable them to weigh ethical considerations, instill a passion for learning, and reflect your core values and beliefs, then you’re probably fed up with the current state of our schools. If, like many parents, you’re wondering whether homeschooling can be the solution you’re looking for, then you’ll be happy to know that the answer is yes–and Home Schooling For Dummies shows you how. This friendly, well-informed guide is a valuable resource for parents considering homeschooling, as well as veteran homeschooler interested in fresh homeschooling ideas. It gets you on track with what you need to know to confidently: De termine whether homeschooling is right for you and your family Get started in homeschooling Obtain teaching materials Develop a curriculum that reflects your values and beliefs Comply with all legal requirements Find healthy social outlets for your kids Join a homeschooling cooperative From textbooks to computers to state compliance, expert Jennifer Kaufeld, covers all the bases. She anticipates most of your questions about homeschooling and answers them with clear, easy-to-follow answers enlivened by real-life accounts by parents around the nation who have opted to homeschool their children. Topics covered include: Deciding at what age to begin Determining your kid’s learning style and teaching to it Teaching special needs children Developing a curriculum that’s right for your children Finding social outlets for you homeschoolers Complying with state and federal regulations Teaching at the primary, middle school and high school levels Preparing for the SATs, ACT and other key standardized tests Networking with other homeschoolers You shouldn’t have to compromise on your children’s education. Get Homeschooling For Dummies and find out how to turn your home into a school and raise smart, well-adjusted kids. |
| cleaning in different languages: The Federal Reporter , 1914 Includes cases argued and determined in the District Courts of the United States and, Mar./May 1880-Oct./Nov. 1912, the Circuit Courts of the United States; Sept./Dec. 1891-Sept./Nov. 1924, the Circuit Courts of Appeals of the United States; Aug./Oct. 1911-Jan./Feb. 1914, the Commerce Court of the United States; Sept./Oct. 1919-Sept./Nov. 1924, the Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia. |
| cleaning in different languages: Technological Dictionary in English, French and German Languages Alexander Tolhausen, Durand Gardissal, Louis Tolhausen, 1854 |
| cleaning in different languages: Conversation Analysis and Second Language Pedagogy Jean Wong, Hansun Zhang Waring, 2020-08-03 Now in its second edition, this volume offers a strong synthesis of classic and current work in conversation analysis (CA), usefully encapsulated in a model of interactional practices that comprise interactional competence. Through this synthesis, Wong and Waring demonstrate how CA findings can help to increase language teachers’ awareness of the spoken language and suggest ways of applying that knowledge to teaching second language interaction skills. The Second Edition features: Substantial updates that include new findings on interactional practices Reconceptualized, reorganized, and revised content for greater accuracy, clarity, and readability Expanded key concepts glossary at the end of each chapter New tasks with more transcripts of actual talk New authors' stories The book is geared towards current and prospective second or foreign language teachers, material developers, and other language professionals, and assumes neither background knowledge of conversation analysis nor its connection to second language teaching. It also serves as a handy reference for those interested in key CA findings on social interaction. |
| cleaning in different languages: Current Literature , 1903 |
| cleaning in different languages: Current Opinion , 1903 |
| cleaning in different languages: Current Opinion ... Edward Jewitt Wheeler, Frank Crane, 1903 |
| cleaning in different languages: Microsoft Encarta College Dictionary Anne H. Soukhanov, 2001-07-13 Easy-to-use quick definition system ; The most new words-more than 32,000 entries and definitions ; Preeminent coverage of high-technology words, |
| cleaning in different languages: Formal Perspectives on Secondary Predication Marcel den Dikken, Hideki Kishimoto, 2024-05-17 |
| cleaning in different languages: Hyperbole and a Half Allie Brosh, 2013-10-29 #1 New York Times Bestseller “Funny and smart as hell” (Bill Gates), Allie Brosh’s Hyperbole and a Half showcases her unique voice, leaping wit, and her ability to capture complex emotions with deceptively simple illustrations. FROM THE PUBLISHER: Every time Allie Brosh posts something new on her hugely popular blog Hyperbole and a Half the internet rejoices. This full-color, beautifully illustrated edition features more than fifty percent new content, with ten never-before-seen essays and one wholly revised and expanded piece as well as classics from the website like, “The God of Cake,” “Dogs Don’t Understand Basic Concepts Like Moving,” and her astonishing, “Adventures in Depression,” and “Depression Part Two,” which have been hailed as some of the most insightful meditations on the disease ever written. Brosh’s debut marks the launch of a major new American humorist who will surely make even the biggest scrooge or snob laugh. We dare you not to. FROM THE AUTHOR: This is a book I wrote. Because I wrote it, I had to figure out what to put on the back cover to explain what it is. I tried to write a long, third-person summary that would imply how great the book is and also sound vaguely authoritative—like maybe someone who isn’t me wrote it—but I soon discovered that I’m not sneaky enough to pull it off convincingly. So I decided to just make a list of things that are in the book: Pictures Words Stories about things that happened to me Stories about things that happened to other people because of me Eight billion dollars* Stories about dogs The secret to eternal happiness* *These are lies. Perhaps I have underestimated my sneakiness! |
| cleaning in different languages: The American Exporter , 1925 |
| cleaning in different languages: Purity and Danger Now Robbie Duschinsky, Simone Schnall, Daniel H Weiss, 2017-01-12 Mary Douglas’s seminal work Purity and Danger (Routledge, 1966) continues to be indispensable reading for both students and scholars today. Marking the 50th anniversary of Douglas’s classic, the present volume sheds fresh light upon themes raised by Douglas by drawing on recent developments in the social sciences and humanities, as well as current empirical research. In presenting new perspectives on the topic of purity and impurity, the volume integrates work in anthropology and sociology with contemporary ideas from religious studies, cognitive science and the arts. Containing contributions from both established and emerging scholars, including protégées of Douglas herself, Purity and Danger Now is an essential volume for those working on purity and impurity across the full spectrum of the social sciences and humanities. |
| cleaning in different languages: Migration, Adult Language Learning and Multilingualism Anna-Elisabeth Holm, 2023-11-23 This book extends lines of inquiry at the nexus of migration, adult language learning, and multilingualism, illuminating the lived experiences of migrants in the Faroe Islands and critical new insights into sociolinguistics from the periphery. Building on recent epistemological shifts in research on minoritized languages, this volume integrates threads from scholarship on migration studies, new speakers, and critical sociolinguistics in examining blue-collar workplaces in the Faroe Islands. In bringing greater attention to these contexts, Holm showcases how these sites, when analyzed via an ethnographic lens, reflect both the changing sociolinguistic landscape at the periphery in light of globalization and adult language learners’ commitment to language learning as a form of personal and social investment. In shedding light on the specific case of Faroese, the volume critically reflects on the specific challenges involved in acquiring a small language in a bilingual context and on those impacting the sustainability of minoritized languages, including the increasing use of English, and the opportunities for stakeholders in language policy and planning to promote greater social inclusion for adult migrants. This volume will be of particular interest to students and scholars in critical sociolinguistics, linguistic anthropology, language education, migration studies, and applied linguistics. |
| cleaning in different languages: Text Mining Chris Biemann, Alexander Mehler, 2014-12-19 This book comprises a set of articles that specify the methodology of text mining, describe the creation of lexical resources in the framework of text mining and use text mining for various tasks in natural language processing (NLP). The analysis of large amounts of textual data is a prerequisite to build lexical resources such as dictionaries and ontologies and also has direct applications in automated text processing in fields such as history, healthcare and mobile applications, just to name a few. This volume gives an update in terms of the recent gains in text mining methods and reflects the most recent achievements with respect to the automatic build-up of large lexical resources. It addresses researchers that already perform text mining, and those who want to enrich their battery of methods. Selected articles can be used to support graduate-level teaching. The book is suitable for all readers that completed undergraduate studies of computational linguistics, quantitative linguistics, computer science and computational humanities. It assumes basic knowledge of computer science and corpus processing as well as of statistics. |
| cleaning in different languages: Articles in the World’s Languages Laura Becker, 2021-09-20 This study provides a systematic overview of articles and article systems in the world’s languages using a sample of 104 languages. Articles can be classified into 10 types according to their referential functions: definite, anaphoric, weak definite, recognitional, indefinite, presentational, exclusive-specific, nonspecific, inclusive-specific, and referential articles. All 10 types are described in detail with examples from various languages of the world. The book also addresses crosslinguistic trends concerning the distribution and the development of different article types, and it proposes a typology of article systems. The aim of this study is to provide a general crosslinguistic overview concerning the attested properties and distributions of articles. It is geared towards readers with interests in language typology and the nominal domain, and it can serve as a point of reference for language-specific studies of articles or determiners. |
| cleaning in different languages: Dry Goods Merchants Trade Journal , 1927 |
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