| bosnia speaks what language: Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, a Textbook Ronelle Alexander, Ellen Elias-Bursac, 2010-03-01 Three official languages have emerged in the Balkan region that was formerly Yugoslavia: Croatian in Croatia, Serbian in Serbia, and both of these languages plus Bosnian in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, a Textbook introduces the student to all three. Dialogues and exercises are presented in each language, shown side by side for easy comparison; in addition, Serbian is rendered in both its Latin and its Cyrillic spellings. Teachers may choose a single language to use in the classroom, or they may familiarize students with all three. This popular textbook is now revised and updated with current maps, discussion of a Montenegrin language, advice for self-study learners, an expanded glossary, and an appendix of verb types. It also features: • All dialogues, exercises, and homework assignments available in Bosnian, Croatian, and Serbian • Classroom exercises designed for both small-group and full-class work, allowing for maximum oral participation • Reading selections written by Bosnian, Croatian, and Serbian authors especially for this book • Vocabulary lists for each individual section and full glossaries at the end of the book • A short animated film, on an accompanying DVD, for use with chapter 15 • Brief grammar explanations after each dialogue, with a cross-reference to more detailed grammar chapters in the companion book, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, a Grammar. |
| bosnia speaks what language: Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, a Grammar Ronelle Alexander, 2006-08-15 Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, a Grammar analyzes and clarifies the complex, dynamic language situation in the former Yugoslavia. Addressing squarely the issues connected with the splintering of Serbo-Croatian into component languages, this volume provides teachers and learners with practical solutions and highlights the differences among the languages as well as the communicative core that they all share. The first book to cover all three components of the post-Yugoslav linguistic environment, this reference manual features: · Thorough presentation of the grammar common to Bosnian, Croatian, and Serbian, with explication of all the major differences · Examples from a broad range of spoken language and literature · New approaches to accent and clitic ordering, two of the most difficult points in BCS grammar · Order of grammar presentation in chapters 1–16 keyed to corresponding lessons in Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, a Textbook · Sociolinguistic commentary explicating the cultural and political context within which Bosnian, Croatian, and Serbian function and have been defined · Separate indexes of the grammar and sociolinguistic commentary, and of all words discussed in both |
| bosnia speaks what language: Language and Identity in the Balkans Robert D. Greenberg, 2004-03-25 Language rifts in the Balkans are endemic and have long been both a symptom of ethnic animosity and a cause for inflaming it. But the break-up of the Serbo-Croatian language into four languages on the path towards mutual unintelligibility within a decade is, by any previous standard of linguistic behaviour, extraordinary. Robert Greenberg describes how it happened. Basing his account on first-hand observations in the region before and since the communist demise, he evokes the drama and emotional discord as different factions sought to exploit, prevent, exacerbate, accelerate or just make sense of the chaotic and unpredictable language situation. His fascinating account offers insights into the nature of language change and the relation between language and identity. It also provides a uniquely vivid perspective on nationalism and identity politics in the former Yugoslavia. |
| bosnia speaks what language: Bosnia Remade Gerard Toal, Carl T. Dahlman, 2011-02-16 Bosnia Remade is an authoritative account of ethnic cleansing and its partial undoing from the onset of the 1990s Bosnian wars up through the present. Gerard Toal and Carl Dahlman combine a bird's-eye view of the entire war from onset to aftermath with a micro-level account of three towns that underwent ethnic cleansing and--later--the return of refugees.There have been two major attempts to remake the ethnic geography of Bosnia since 1991. In the first instance, ascendant ethno-nationalist forces tried to eradicate the mixed ethnic geographies of Bosnia's towns, villages and communities. These forces devastated tens of thousands of homes and lives, but they failed to destroy Bosnia-Herzegovina as a polity. In the second attempt, which followed the war, the international community, in league with Bosnian officials, endeavored to reverse the demographic and other consequences of this ethnic cleansing. While progress has been uneven, this latter effort has transformed the ethnic demography of Bosnia and moved the nation beyond its recent segregationist past.By showing how ethnic cleansing was challenged, Bosnia Remade offers more than just a comprehensive narrative of Europe's worst political crisis of the past two decades. It also offers lessons for addressing an enduring global problem. |
| bosnia speaks what language: The Way of the Linguist Steve Kaufmann, 2005-11 The Way of The Linguist, A language learning odyssey. It is now a cliché that the world is a smaller place. We think nothing of jumping on a plane to travel to another country or continent. The most exotic locations are now destinations for mass tourism. Small business people are dealing across frontiers and language barriers like never before. The Internet brings different languages and cultures to our finger-tips. English, the hybrid language of an island at the western extremity of Europe seems to have an unrivalled position as an international medium of communication. But historically periods of cultural and economic domination have never lasted forever. Do we not lose something by relying on the wide spread use of English rather than discovering other languages and cultures? As citizens of this shrunken world, would we not be better off if we were able to speak a few languages other than our own? The answer is obviously yes. Certainly Steve Kaufmann thinks so, and in his busy life as a diplomat and businessman he managed to learn to speak nine languages fluently and observe first hand some of the dominant cultures of Europe and Asia. Why do not more people do the same? In his book The Way of The Linguist, A language learning odyssey, Steve offers some answers. Steve feels anyone can learn a language if they want to. He points out some of the obstacles that hold people back. Drawing on his adventures in Europe and Asia, as a student and businessman, he describes the rewards that come from knowing languages. He relates his evolution as a language learner, abroad and back in his native Canada and explains the kind of attitude that will enable others to achieve second language fluency. Many people have taken on the challenge of language learning but have been frustrated by their lack of success. This book offers detailed advice on the kind of study practices that will achieve language breakthroughs. Steve has developed a language learning system available online at: www.thelinguist.com. |
| bosnia speaks what language: Bosnian Refugees in Chicago Ana Croegaert, 2020-10-14 Bosnian Refugees in Chicago: Gender, Performance, and Post-War Economies studies refugee migration through the experiences of survivors of the 1990s wars in former Yugoslavia as they rebuild home, family, and social lives in the wake of their displacement. Ana Croegaert explores post-1970s Yugoslav-era socialism, American neoliberal capitalism, and anti-Muslim geopolitics to examine women’s varied perspectives on their postwar lives in the United States. Based on more than a decade of fieldwork, Croegaert takes readers into staged performances, coffee rituals, protests, memorials, homes, and non-governmental organizations to shine a light on the pressures women contend with in their efforts to make a living and to narrate their wartime injuries. Ultimately, Croegaert argues that refugee women insist on understanding their wartime losses as simultaneously social and material, a form of personhood she labels “injured life.” At a time of mass displacement and heated political debates concerning refugees, Croegaert provides an engaging portrait of a lively and diverse group of women whose opinions on citizenship and belonging are needed now more than ever. |
| bosnia speaks what language: Surviving the Bosnian Genocide Selma Leydesdorff, 2011 In July 1995, the Army of the Serbian Republic killed some 8,000 Bosnian men and boys in and around the town of Srebrenica--the largest mass murder in Europe since World War II. Surviving the Bosnian Genocide is based on the testimonies of 60 female survivors of the massacre who were interviewed by Dutch historian Selma Leydesdorff. The women, many of whom still live in refugee camps, talk about their lives before the Bosnian war, the events of the massacre, and the ways they have tried to cope with their fate. Though fragmented by trauma, the women tell of life and survival under extreme conditions, while recalling a time before the war when Muslims, Croats, and Serbs lived together peaceably. By giving them a voice, this book looks beyond the rapes, murders, and atrocities of that dark time to show the agency of these women during and after the war and their fight to uncover the truth of what happened at Srebrenica and why. |
| bosnia speaks what language: Cry Bosnia Paul Harris, 1998-07-01 The eyewitness accounts, and the photographs of wrecked buildings, once-prosperous but now homeless people, and the sad army of stray pets will bring the war in Bosnia home to many who have seen it as just another news media spectacle. |
| bosnia speaks what language: The Slavic Languages Roland Sussex, Paul Cubberley, 2006-09-21 The Slavic group of languages - the fourth largest Indo-European sub-group - is one of the major language families of the modern world. With 297 million speakers, Slavic comprises 13 languages split into three groups: South Slavic, which includes Bosnian, Serbian and Croatian; East Slavic, which includes Russian and Ukrainian; and West Slavic, which includes Polish, Czech and Slovak. This 2006 book, written by two leading scholars in Slavic linguistics, presents a survey of all aspects of the linguistic structure of the Slavic languages, considering in particular those languages that enjoy official status. As well as covering the central issues of phonology, morphology, syntax, word-formation, lexicology and typology, the authors discuss Slavic dialects, sociolinguistic issues, and the socio-historical evolution of the Slavic languages. Accessibly written and comprehensive in its coverage, this book will be welcomed by scholars and students of Slavic languages, as well as linguists across the many branches of the discipline. |
| bosnia speaks what language: Publishing in Yugoslavia's Successor States Michael Biggins, Janet Crayne, 2000 From the Editor's Foreword: “Without any doubt, the 1990s will long be remembered as the decade of Yugoslavia's prolonged disintegration. A virtual blueprint of the conflict is accessible to anyone in a position to track the independent print media that were then emerging in Yugoslavia's various republics.” Publishing in Yugoslavia's Successor States presents the results of extensive tracking and research in that area. You'll learn how weekly independent news magazines such as Mladina in Slovenia, Danas in Croatia, and, later, Vreme in Serbia courageously documented the centrifugal political forces at work in Yugoslavia at the time. Independent daily newspapers, often located in provincial cities away form the centers of political control, pursued similar policies, adhering to high standards of objective political coverage. The periodical press also weighed in over time with more reflective assessments of the area's evolving political crisis and recommendations for managing it. Finally, as Yugoslavia's old communist paradigm of information management gradually lost control, the market gave rise to numerous tabloid weeklies and dailies that banked on nationalism and fear, serving as handmaidens to media-savvy demagogues and helping to rekindle past rivalries. Publishing in Yugoslavia's Successor States will take you on a turbulent tour of this vital industry struggling to survive and thrive in a war-torn land. |
| bosnia speaks what language: Bosnian-English/English-Bosnian Dictionary and Phrasebook Susan Kroll, Dževad Zahirović, 1998 * Over 1,500 dictionary entries * Essential phrases for getting around the country. * Pronunciation fully indicated * Engaging and practical lessons * Ideal for tourists, business travelers, and relief organization |
| bosnia speaks what language: Complete Serbian: A Teach Yourself Guide Vladislava Ribnikar, David Norris, 2011-01-12 It's easy to teach yourself Serbian! Complete Serbian: A Teach Yourself Guide provides you with a clear and comprehensive approach to Serbian, so you can progress quickly from the basics to understanding, speaking, and writing Serbian with confidence. Within each of the 24 thematic chapters, important language structures are introduced through life-like dialogues. You'll learn grammar in a gradual manner so you won't be overwhelmed by this tricky subject. Exercises accompany the texts and reinforce learning in listening, speaking, reading, and writing. This program also features current cultural information boxes that reflect recent changes in society. Features: One and five-minute introductions to key principles to get you started Lots of instant help with common problems and quick tips for success, based on the author's many years of experience Tests in the book and online to keep track of your progress Extra online articles at www.teachyourself.com to give you a richer understanding of the basics of the language |
| bosnia speaks what language: After Yugoslavia Radmila Gorup, 2013-06-12 The book brings together many of the best known commentators and scholars who write about former Yugoslavia. The essays focus on the post-Yugoslav cultural transition and try to answer questions about what has been gained and what has been lost since the dissolution of the common country. Most of the contributions can be seen as current attempts to make sense of the past and help cultures in transition, as well as to report on them. The volume is a mixture of personal essays and scholarly articles and that combination of genres makes the book both moving and informative. Its importance is unique. While many studies dwell on the causes of the demise of Yugoslavia, this collection touches upon these causes but goes beyond them to identify Yugoslavia's legacy in a comprehensive way. It brings topics and writers, usually treated separately, into fruitful dialog with one another. |
| bosnia speaks what language: Slaughterhouse David Rieff, 2013-02-19 In a shocking and deeply disturbing tour de force, David Rieff, reporting from the Bosnia war zone and from Western capitals and United Nations headquarters, indicts the West and the United Nations for standing by and doing nothing to stop the genocide of the Bosnian Muslims. Slaughterhouse is the definitive explanation of a war that will be remembered as the greatest failure of Western diplomacy since the 1930s. Bosnia was more than a human tragedy. It was the emblem of the international community's failure and confusion in the post-Cold War era. In Bosnia, genocide and ethnic fascism reappeared in Europe for the first time in fifty years. But there was no will to confront them, either on the part of the United States, Western Europe, or the United Nations, for which the Bosnian experience was as catastrophic and demoralizing as Vietnam was for the United States. It is the failure and its implications that Rieff anatomizes in this unforgiving account of a war that might have been prevented and could have been stopped. |
| bosnia speaks what language: The Language Wars Henry Hitchings, 2011-10-25 The English language is a battlefield. Since the age of Shakespeare, arguments over correct usage have been bitter, and have always really been about contesting values-morality, politics, and class. The Language Wars examines the present state of the conflict, its history, and its future. Above all, it uses the past as a way of illuminating the present. Moving chronologically, the book explores the most persistent issues to do with English and unpacks the history of proper usage. Where did these ideas spring from? Who has been on the front lines in the language wars? The Language Wars examines grammar rules, regional accents, swearing, spelling, dictionaries, political correctness, and the role of electronic media in reshaping language. It also takes a look at such details as the split infinitive, elocution, and text messaging. Peopled with intriguing characters such as Jonathan Swift, Lewis Carroll, and Lenny Bruce, The Language Wars is an essential volume for anyone interested in the state of the English language today or its future. |
| bosnia speaks what language: EVERYONE HERE SPOKE SIGN LANGUAGE Nora Ellen GROCE, 2009-06-30 From the seventeenth century to the early years of the twentieth, the population of Martha’s Vineyard manifested an extremely high rate of profound hereditary deafness. In stark contrast to the experience of most deaf people in our own society, the Vineyarders who were born deaf were so thoroughly integrated into the daily life of the community that they were not seen—and did not see themselves—as handicapped or as a group apart. Deaf people were included in all aspects of life, such as town politics, jobs, church affairs, and social life. How was this possible? On the Vineyard, hearing and deaf islanders alike grew up speaking sign language. This unique sociolinguistic adaptation meant that the usual barriers to communication between the hearing and the deaf, which so isolate many deaf people today, did not exist. |
| bosnia speaks what language: Bosnia and Herzegovina Tim Clancy, 2007 Provides visitors with information to explore this very different destination, including the special countryside attractions such as bird reserves and vineyards. This work is suitable for those planning an independent tour of Bosnia and Herzegovina. |
| bosnia speaks what language: Like Eating a Stone Wojciech Tochman, 2008-09-17 A portrait of human devastation in the wake of the Bosnian Wars, Like Eating a Stone is a collection of heartbreaking stories as told by the survivors searching for family members and their remains. Illustrations throughout. |
| bosnia speaks what language: Language Is Music Susanna Zaraysky, 2009 Language is Music focuses on making learning foreign languages fun, easy and affordable for anyone with a desire to communicate effectively with people around the world. By applying over 100 simple tips to things you already do, such as listening to music or surfing the Web, you can experience the joy of fluency in any language without having to study abroad or spend money on private tutors. In Language is Music, Susanna Zaraysky masterfully shares her listening methods so that anyone can have fun learning any language. With over 100 tips and 100 free or low-cost Internet resources, you will learn how to use daily activities, such as watching T.V. or listening to music; conversation partners; and attendance at cultural events to become a masterful speaker of any tongue. Learning foreign languages is like learning to sing a song or play music, says self-made linguist Susanna Zaraysky and author of Language is Music. Zaraysky has what you might call an ear for languages, having used music to successfully learn English, Russian, French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, and Serbo-Croatian-all with excellent accents. Advance Praise for Language is Music I love it! I think it will help people who want to learn, and those who are curious about additional language learning. Many people want to learn a language but are frightened, or disappointed by the courses they have taken. Reading Language is Music will encourage them to try again, on their own and with friendly supporters. -Dr. Elba Maldonado-Colon, Professor Department of Elementary Education Bilingual Program, San Jose State University LET IT JUST ROLL OFF YOUR TONGUE. With lyrical insight and solid experience, Susanna Zaraysky, author of Language is Music, provides easy steps for learning a language. Gone are the boring, disconnected strategies that most of us remember from school. You've never learned a language this quickly and easily. Zaraysky's methods embody fun, connection, rhythm, and above all...music. -Suzanne Lettrick, M.Ed Educator and Founder of The Global Education and Action Network Forget dictionaries and phrase books . . . Susanna Zaraysky's easy-to-use guide to language learning is indispensable for any serious language learner wanting to become fluent--not just conversationally proficient--in another language. Language is Music will teach you how to make language acquisition a part of your daily life, and to recreate the kind of total-immersion environment necessary for fluency. Highly recommended reading for aspiring polyglots. Pick up this book and you too will be all ears! -Justin Liang, Japanese, Mandarin, Cantonese, Marshallese, intermediate Spanish Back in France, I spent many years learning academic English in school. But I progressed much faster when I forced myself to listen to the BBC or not look at the subtitles when watching an American movie. I wish I had Susanna's book with me then. It's full of creative ideas and practical tips that are indispensable complements to the traditional methods of learning foreign languages -- and it's coming from someone you can trust, she speaks so many of them! -Philippe Levy, French native speaker This book is great. It showed me another aspect and a new approach of learning a language. I will put the book to good use. As a foreign English speaker, I spent many years at school learning English and did not make much progress. A lot of the tips that I read in this book, I learned them with time. However if I had read this book earlier, it would have made my life much easier and I would have saved so much time. I am going to apply the tips in Language is Music into learning a third language: Spanish. This time, I am sure I will make huge progress much faster. Not only is Language is Music useful in acquiring a foreign language, but the resources and websites in the book are valuable for someone who wants to travel abroad. -Fabien Hsu, French native speaker |
| bosnia speaks what language: Lexical Layers of Identity Danko Šipka, 2019-05-16 Provides a systematic approach to lexical indicators of cultural identity using the material of Slavic languages. |
| bosnia speaks what language: Language Annikki Koskensalo, John Smeds, Rudolf De Cillia, Angel Huguet, 2012 As speakers of different languages interact, language contact will occur. Language contact will necessarily lead to language change for both parties involved in such contact. As languages change, the issue of competence becomes problematic. Who has the right to say what language will be taught in schools, or what kind of language will be published in the press and spoken in the media in a world where languages constantly change? The articles in this collection refer to several language areas in Europe, from the North (Scandinavia), the South (Spain / Balkan), the East (Ukraine / Russia), as well as the Center (Austria / Germany) and includes one contribution on Canada. They present different cases of language competence and assessment, languages in contact in different settings, and language changes which are related to applied linguistics, both from a sociolinguistic and an educational linguistic point of view. (Series: Poetry - Truth - Language / Dichtung - Wahrheit - Sprache - Vol. 11) |
| bosnia speaks what language: A History of Yugoslavia Marie-Janine Calic, 2019-02-15 Why did Yugoslavia fall apart? Was its violent demise inevitable? Did its population simply fall victim to the lure of nationalism? How did this multinational state survive for so long, and where do we situate the short life of Yugoslavia in the long history of Europe in the twentieth century? A History of Yugoslavia provides a concise, accessible, comprehensive synthesis of the political, cultural, social, and economic life of Yugoslavia—from its nineteenth-century South Slavic origins to the bloody demise of the multinational state of Yugoslavia in the 1990s. Calic takes a fresh and innovative look at the colorful, multifaceted, and complex history of Yugoslavia, emphasizing major social, economic, and intellectual changes from the turn of the twentieth century and the transition to modern industrialized mass society. She traces the origins of ethnic, religious, and cultural divisions, applying the latest social science approaches, and drawing on the breadth of recent state-of-the-art literature, to present a balanced interpretation of events that takes into account the differing perceptions and interests of the actors involved. Uniquely, Calic frames the history of Yugoslavia for readers as an essentially open-ended process, undertaken from a variety of different regional perspectives with varied composite agenda. She shuns traditional, deterministic explanations that notorious Balkan hatreds or any other kind of exceptionalism are to blame for Yugoslavia’s demise, and along the way she highlights the agency of twentieth-century modern mass society in the politicization of differences. While analyzing nuanced political and social-economic processes, Calic describes the experiences and emotions of ordinary people in a vivid way. As a result, her groundbreaking work provides scholars and learned readers alike with an accessible, trenchant, and authoritative introduction to Yugoslavia's complex history. |
| bosnia speaks what language: Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin and Serbian Željko Vrabec, 2021-09-21 Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin and Serbian: An Essential Grammar is intended for beginners and intermediate students who need a reference that explains grammar in straightforward terms. It covers all the main areas of the modern single BCMS grammatical system in an accessible way, and free from jargon. When linguistic terminology is used, it is explained in layman’s terms, the logic of a rule is presented simply and near parallels are drawn with English. This book covers all the grammar necessary for everyday communication (reaching B1 and B2 of the CEFR, ACTFL Intermediate-Intermediate- Mid). The book comprises of extensive chapters on all parts of speech, the creation of different word forms (endings for cases in nouns and adjectives, case forms for pronouns, tenses, verbal modes, verbal aspect etc.) and their uses in sentences. Each rule is illustrated with numerous examples from everyday living language used in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro and Serbia. This is a unique reference book in English aimed at the level of language study that treats BCMS as a single grammar system, explaining and highlighting all the small differences between the four variants of this polycentric language. |
| bosnia speaks what language: The Babel Message Keith Kahn-Harris, 2021-11-04 'Quite simply, and quite ridiculously, one of the funniest and most illuminating books I have ever read. I thought I was obsessive, but Keith Kahn-Harris is playing a very different sport. He really has discovered the whole world in an egg.' Simon Garfield A thrilling journey deep into the heart of language, from a rather unexpected starting point. Keith Kahn-Harris is a man obsessed with something seemingly trivial - the warning message found inside Kinder Surprise eggs: WARNING, read and keep: Toy not suitable for children under 3 years. Small parts might be swallowed or inhaled. On a tiny sheet of paper, this message is translated into dozens of languages - the world boiled down to a multilingual essence. Inspired by this, the author asks: what makes 'a language'? With the help of the international community of language geeks, he shows us what the message looks like in Ancient Sumerian, Zulu, Cornish, Klingon - and many more. Along the way he considers why Hungarian writing looks angry, how to make up your own language, and the meaning of the heavy metal umlaut. Overturning the Babel myth, he argues that the messy diversity of language shouldn't be a source of conflict, but of collective wonder. This is a book about hope, a love letter to language. 'This is a wonderful book. A treasure trove of mind-expanding insights into language and humanity encased in a deliciously quirky, quixotic quest. I loved it. Warning: this will keep you reading.' - Ann Morgan, author of Reading the World: Confessions of a Literary Explorer |
| bosnia speaks what language: Basher Five-Two Scott O'Grady, 2010-09-29 U.S. Air Force pilot Captain Scott O'Grady was shot down in his F-16 over Bosnia while helping to keep the peace. The plane exploded, and Captain O'Grady fell 5 miles to the ground below. In exciting detail, Captain O'Grady tells how he evaded capture and how, with little water and no food, he was able to survive on his own in enemy territory. This is a thrilling look at an American hero--a hero not because the captain survived, but because of the skill, faith, and courage he displayed and the duty he fulfilled as a member of the armed forces. |
| bosnia speaks what language: Bosnian-English Dictionary Nusret Mulasmajic, 2011-05-09 Many words were immediately incorporated into the simple, everyday Bosnian language from the Turkish language. Additionally, it must be noted that only some of these words were incorporated into the official, recognized and standard language. All of the words, however, are part of the Bosnian language as a whole. |
| bosnia speaks what language: Pluricentricity Augusto Soares da Silva, 2013-11-27 The one-nation-one-language assumption is as unrealistic as the well-known Chomskyan ideal of a homogeneous speech community. Linguistic pluricentricity is a common and widespread phenomenon; it can be understood as either differing national standards or differing local norms. The nine studies collected in this volume explore the sociocultural, conceptual and structural dimensions of variation and change within pluricentric languages, with specific emphasis on the relationship between national varieties. They include research undertaken in both the Cognitive Linguistic and socolinguistic tradition, with particular emphasis upon the emerging framework of Cognitive Sociolinguistics. Six languages, all more or less pluricentric, are analyzed: four Germanic languages (English, German, Dutch and Swedish) and two Romance languages (Portuguese and French). The volume describes patterns of phonetic, lexical and morphosyntactic variation, and perception and attitudes in relation to these pluricentric languages. It makes use of advanced empirical methods able to account for the complex interplay between conceptual and social aspects of pluricentric variation and other forms of language-internal variation. |
| bosnia speaks what language: Bosnian language guide for travelers , |
| bosnia speaks what language: Polyglot: How I Learn Languages Kat— Lomb, 2008-01-01 KAT LOMB (1909-2003) was one of the great polyglots of the 20th century. A translator and one of the first simultaneous interpreters in the world, Lomb worked in 16 languages for state and business concerns in her native Hungary. She achieved further fame by writing books on languages, interpreting, and polyglots. Polyglot: How I Learn Languages, first published in 1970, is a collection of anecdotes and reflections on language learning. Because Dr. Lomb learned her languages as an adult, after getting a PhD in chemistry, the methods she used will be of particular interest to adult learners who want to master a foreign language. |
| bosnia speaks what language: Developing Cultural Identity in the Balkans Raymond Detrez, Pieter Plas, 2005 The fundamental contrast between convergent and divergent tendencies in the development of Balkan cultural identity can be seen as an important determinative both in the contradictory self-images of people in the Balkans and in the often biased perceptions of Balkan societies held by external observers, past and present. In bringing together case studies from such heterogeneous lines of research as linguistics, anthropology, political, literary and cultural history, each presenting insightful analyses of micro- as well as macro-level aspects of identity construction in the Balkans, this collection of essays provides a forum for the elucidation and critical evaluation of an intriguing paradox which continues to characterize the cultural situation in the Balkans and which, moreover, is of undeniable relevance for our understanding of recent political developments. As such, it also provides a window into the actual state of scholarly interest in the rich interdisciplinary field of Balkan studies. This book contains a selection of papers presented at the international conference «Developing Cultural Identity in the Balkans: Convergence vs. Divergence», organized by the Center for Southeast European Studies at Ghent University on 12 and 13 December 2003 in Ghent. |
| bosnia speaks what language: Memory Speaks Julie Sedivy, 2021-10-12 From an award-winning writer and linguist, a scientific and personal meditation on the phenomenon of language loss and the possibility of renewal. As a child Julie Sedivy left Czechoslovakia for Canada, and English soon took over her life. By early adulthood she spoke Czech rarely and badly, and when her father died unexpectedly, she lost not only a beloved parent but also her firmest point of connection to her native language. As Sedivy realized, more is at stake here than the loss of language: there is also the loss of identity. Language is an important part of adaptation to a new culture, and immigrants everywhere face pressure to assimilate. Recognizing this tension, Sedivy set out to understand the science of language loss and the potential for renewal. In Memory Speaks, she takes on the psychological and social world of multilingualism, exploring the human brainÕs capacity to learnÑand forgetÑlanguages at various stages of life. But while studies of multilingual experience provide resources for the teaching and preservation of languages, Sedivy finds that the challenges facing multilingual people are largely political. Countering the widespread view that linguistic pluralism splinters loyalties and communities, Sedivy argues that the struggle to remain connected to an ancestral language and culture is a site of common ground, as people from all backgrounds can recognize the crucial role of language in forming a sense of self. Distinctive and timely, Memory Speaks combines a rich body of psychological research with a moving story at once personal and universally resonant. As citizens debate the merits of bilingual education, as the worldÕs less dominant languages are driven to extinction, and as many people confront the pain of language loss, this is badly needed wisdom. |
| bosnia speaks what language: Shadow Magic: Dream Magic Joshua Khan, 2017-04-06 Lileth Shadow, princess of darkness, is struggling with her growing powers. Castle Gloom is filling with ghosts and zombies roam the country. Then Lily is attacked by a mysterious sorcerer known as Dreamweaver and his army of jewel-spiders. Can Thorn and his giant bat save Lily from the realm of sleep and help her overcome the evil Dreamweaver? |
| bosnia speaks what language: The Politics of Language and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe T. Kamusella, 2008-12-16 This work focuses on the ideological intertwining between Czech, Magyar, Polish and Slovak, and the corresponding nationalisms steeped in these languages. The analysis is set against the earlier political and ideological history of these languages, and the panorama of the emergence and political uses of other languages of the region. |
| bosnia speaks what language: Genocide in Bosnia Norman L. Cigar, 1995 The genocide that has been occurring in Bosnia-Herzegovina since 1992 demands national attention. Incidents of these atrocities have involved European, American, and Islamic interests; they have taken place in the heart of Europe which had promised never to tolerate such a bloodbath again; they have paralyzed mechanisms set up to prevent such genocide, from the UN Charter to the NATO mandate; and they have been monitored, observed, and documented in progress. |
| bosnia speaks what language: Catch the Rabbit Lana Bastašic, 2021-05-27 ‘Two young women plunging into post-war Bosnia like two Alices into Wonderland . . . smart, energetic, passionate, announcing a major talent.’ - Aleksandar Hemon Sara hasn’t seen or heard from her childhood best friend, Lejla, in years. She’s comfortable with her life in Dublin, with her partner, their avocado plant, and their naturist neighbour. But when Lejla calls her and demands she come home to Bosnia, Sara finds that she can’t say no. What begins as a road trip becomes a journey through the past, as the two women set off to find Armin, Lejla’s brother who disappeared towards the end of the Bosnian War. Presumed dead by everyone else, only Lejla and Sara believed Armin was still alive. Confronted with the limits of memory, Sara is forced to reconsider the things she thought she understood as a girl: the best friend she loved, the first experiences they shared, but also the social and religious lines that separated them, that brought them such different lives. Translated into English by author Lana Bastašic, Catch the Rabbit tells the story of how we place the ones we love on pedestals, and then wait for them to fall off, how loss marks us indelibly, and how the traumas of war echo down the years. |
| bosnia speaks what language: Where You Come From Sasa Stanisic, 2021-12-07 Longlisted for the 2022 National Book Award A Washington Post, Chicago Review of Books, Kirkus, and Christian Science Monitor Best Book of the Month “Inventive, funny and moving.” —The New York Times Book Review Translated from the German by Damion Searls Winner of the German Book Prize, Saša Stanišic’s inventive and surprising novel asks: what makes us who we are? In August, 1992, a boy and his mother flee the war in Yugoslavia and arrive in Germany. Six months later, the boy’s father joins them, bringing a brown suitcase, insomnia, and a scar on his thigh. Saša Stanišic’s Where You Come From is a novel about this family, whose world is uprooted and remade by war: their history, their life before the conflict, and the years that followed their escape as they created a new life in a new country. Blending autofiction, fable, and choose-your-own-adventure, Where You Come From is set in a village where only thirteen people remain, in lost and made-up memories, in coincidences, in choices, and in a dragons’ den. Translated by Damion Searls, it’s a novel about homelands, both remembered and imagined, lost and found. A book that playfully twists form and genre with wit and heart to explore questions that lie inside all of us: about language and shame, about arrival and making it just in time, about luck and death, about what role our origins and memories play in our lives. |
| bosnia speaks what language: Languages and the Military H. Footitt, M. Kelly, 2012-07-31 Through detailed case studies ranging from the 18th century until today,this book explores the role of foreign languages in military alliances, in occupation and in peace building. It brings together academic researchers and practitioners from the museum and interpreting worlds and the military. |
| bosnia speaks what language: Unfinest Hour Brendan Simms, 2002-07-04 For most of 1992-1995, Britain stood aside while an internationally recognised state was attacked by externally-sponsored rebels bent on a campaign of territorial aggression and ethnic cleansing. It was her unfinest hour since 1938. Based on interviews with many of the chief participants, parliamentary debates, and a wide range of sources, Brendan Simm's brilliant study traces the roots of British policy and the highly sophisticated way in which the government sought to minimise the crisis and defuse popular and American pressure for action. We all continue to live with the results of these shameful actions to this day. |
| bosnia speaks what language: Albanian Literature Robert Elsie, 2005-07-29 The tender plant of Albanian literature grew in a rocky soil. It was late to evolve and its development, indeed its very existence, was threatened in many periods. Albanian Literature: A Short History tells the story of the survival and growth of Albanian creative writing beginning with the earliest thirteenth century texts of Theodor of Shkodra, tracing the development of the modern literature of Buzuku, Budi and Bogdani, the incorporation of the Muslim influences of Frakulla and Kycyku and continuing with the works of Cajupi and Kadare during the reign of King Zog and the Hoxha administration. A unique book that illuminates an under-researched subject, Albanian Literature is an essential reference guide for all those interested in Balkan cultures, in comparative literature and in European cultural history in general. |
| bosnia speaks what language: SerboCroatian-English Dictionary Morton Benson, 1990-03-30 This is the largest, most comprehensive, and by far the most up-to-date dictionary providing English equivalents of the SerboCroatian lexicon, including about 60,000 SerboCroatian headwords and 100,000 phrases, idioms, and collocations. The vocabulary represents the present-day speech of educated Yugoslavs and of the daily press, and includes the complex political and economic terminology used in contemporary Yugoslavia. The new edition includes a large number of current usages as well as essential computer terms. This dictionary accounts for the differences between the Eastern and Western varieties of SerboCroatian as well as between American and British English. The leading dictionary of its kind in Yugoslavia, this dictionary is a must for every reference library. |
Bosnia and Herzegovina - Wikipedia
Bosnia and Herzegovina, [a] [b] sometimes known as Bosnia-Herzegovina and informally as Bosnia, is a country in Southeast Europe. Situated on the Balkan Peninsula , it borders Serbia …
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Facts, Geography, History, & Maps ...
Jun 6, 2025 · Bosnia, the larger region, occupies the country’s northern and central parts, and Herzegovina is in the south and southwest. Learn about its geography and history with maps …
Bosnia and Herzegovina - The World Factbook
Jun 4, 2025 · Photos of Bosnia and Herzegovina. view 8 photos. Country Flag. View Details. Country Map. View Details. Special Country Products. Country Factsheet. Travel Facts ...
Bosnia and Herzegovina - Simple English Wikipedia, the free ...
Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnian: Bosna i Hercegovina, Босна и Херцеговина; Croatian: Bosna i Hercegovina; Serbian: Bosna i Hercegovina, Босна и Херцеговина, pronounced [bôsna i …
Bosnia and Herzegovina Maps & Facts - World Atlas
Dec 17, 2023 · Bosnia and Herzegovina is a country located in the western part of the Balkan Peninsula, in the southeastern region of the European continent. It is geographically …
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Jun 9, 2025 · Bosnia and Herzegovina in depth country profile. Unique hard to find content on Bosnia and Herzegovina. Includes customs, culture, history, geography, economy current …
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Feb 7, 2025 · Provides an overview of Bosnia, including key dates and facts about this country in the Balkans.
EVIDENCE ILLEGALLY OBTAINED BY PRIVATE INVESTIGATORS …
something went wrong, reality speaks a different language: in the Lubanga case before the International Criminal Court (ICC), the suspicion arose that certain so-called intermediaries had …
Computer assisted language learning in English language …
language classes in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The research was designed as an empirical exami-nation of the attitudes of teachers and students on the successful application of computer …
International Child Abduction to non-Hague Convention …
as only two such countries, Turkey and Bosnia,4 are party to the Convention.5 This section will examine the reasons why North African and Middle Eastern6 countries utilizing Shari’a-based …
Education as a Process and Result - ResearchGate
¹Faculty of Political Science, University of Sarajevo, Skenderija 72, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina ²Oneida-Herkimer-Madison BOCES, 4747 Middle Settlement Rd., New Hartford, …
Language Use in the United States: 2019 - Census.gov
guage the person speaks; respondents write in the . 1. Language and English-speaking ability questions that were . historically collected in the 1980–2000 decennial censuses are now . …
Computer assisted language learning in English language …
language classes in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The research was designed as an empirical exami-nation of the attitudes of teachers and students on the successful application of computer …
LTA LTA44 04 S0261444811000309a - City University of New …
Identity, language learning, and social change Bonny Norton University of British Columbia, Canada bonny.norton@ubc.ca Kelleen Toohey Simon Fraser University, Canada …
Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, a Textbook - dl.melalinstitute.com
Serbian Language—Grammar, Comparative—Croatian. I. Elias-Bursać, Ellen. II. Title. PG1229.A444 2006 491.8'282421—dc22 ... Map of Bosnia and Herzegovina: the Federation …
Western Australian Community Profiles 2006 Census
In 2006, 95% of Bosnia and Herzegovina-born Western Australians spoke a language other than English—mainly . Bosnian and Croatian—at home. The proportion of people who reported …
Statistical Profile
speak a language other than English Country of Birth Males Females Total Persons Speaks English only 794 773 1,567 Australian Indigenous Languages 3 0 3 Dutch 3 0 3 German 0 3 3 …
MSF and Srebrenica 1993 - 2003
in the language they choose, these individuals offer both their account of events and their assessment of MSF’s re- ... MSF Speaks out Each case study was written in French and …
The French Language - Organisation internationale de la …
The French Language worldwide 2014 The French Language Observatory is under the authority of the Director for the French Language and Linguistic Diversity, Imma TOR FAUS. …
A Public Language of Grief: Art, Poetry, and Transitional …
an engagementmustnecessarilyentertain. Histories are not yetfixed and taken for granted and perpetrators not irrevocablydifferentiated from victims.
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TheVocalDroneintheBalticCountries 27 lycloselyrelatedLithuaniansandLatviansrevealalmostnocommontraits, …
Language, ethnicity and religion: a complex and …
one may be bilingual. Yet many more people have replaced one language by another than have converted to another religion, and diglossia, functional differentiation in language use, and …
The Bridge to Transition: Post-conflict Heritage as a Tool of ...
Peace Agreement for Bosnia and Herzegovina. 4 . I choose to use BCS (short for Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian, originally BHS) as a language because I believe it best corresponds to BiH …
Language Rights Politics in the Former Yugoslavia and
Language Rights Politics in the Former Yugoslavia and International Therapeutic Governance in Bosnia Herderian ideas on a nation’s soul and language have had a strong reso-nance in …
Ethnic Conflict - JSTOR
The presence in a language of a word does not mean that there is some thing ... The person in the United States who speaks of ethnicity will have different experiences in mind from a …
Victorian Community Profiles: 2016 Census - Victorian …
Number of Bosnia & Herzegovina-born by Top Twenty Local Government Areas and their Major Suburbs, Victoria: 2016 ... This variable classifies their self-assessed proficiency in spoken …
Water Polo Wins Tournament Title, p. 15
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Bosnia and Herzegovina (henceforth Bosnia) is no exception. On the con-trary, the convergence of various forms of the occult, both those that developed locally as well as those introduced …
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also belongs to the western group like the old Turkish dialect of Bosnia and the Turkish dialect of the Danube island Ada-kale. (For the illustration of the western dialectal group in the following I …
Home Language Survey - The Official Web Site for The State …
Any child who speaks a language other than English at home is considered an English language learner (ELL), in need of language support in the home language(s), even if he or she …
Norman N. Miller
The aim of this book is to provide a way to do justice to an African language of faith. ... World Situations Populism and Religion in Bosnia and Herzegovina 14 MILE BABIĆ Populism and …
PerceptionofBosnian/Croatian/Serbian …
12 PerceptionofBCSsibilants:HeritageU.S.vs.homelandspeakers States,Veltman(2000)foundthat“longerresidenceintheUnitedStatesisassoci …
Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian (BCS) - seelrc.org:8080
Montenegro, Croatia, and Bosnia-Hercegovina were four of the six republics of former Yugoslavia (1945-1991). 0.1.2 Croatia has just over 4.4 million inhabitants, nearly all of whom speak …
A History of Eastern Europe - ia800200.us.archive.org
(today St. Petersburg) in an intensive Russian-language study program. ... the First World War (which broke out because of a terrorist act in Bosnia) and, in its aftermath, the creation of …
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Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Turkey, while other Balkan nations, like Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as Kosovo, are potential future candidates. If these nations are eventually …
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other than the Macedonian language may be used in accordance with the law. Also, paragraph 6 explains that: In the units of local self-government where at least 20% of the population speak …
CONFERENCE - cfrr.worldbank.org
reporting in several countries: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Kosovo, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia ,and Ukraine. It addresses ... The …
Language Rights Politics in the Former Yugoslavia and …
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JoLIE - ResearchGate
for language learning, as acquisition metaphors have gradually been replaced by a conceptual grounding which emphasizes collaborative teaching/learning practices also drawing on action …
1 Logic - University of Rochester
Logic Chris Brown Do NOT try to submit these assignments through Blackboard: you can’t. Use the turn-in box outside Marty’s office on 7th floor CSB.
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Persian Language as Vehicle of Cultural Memory in Ottoman Bosnia 169 pasha,and after that in the retinue of Ahmed-pasha Köprulu-zade. Later, he advanced in his career and became a …
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speaks language of the organization at least at B2 level Provided work experience N/A Typical work environment Treatment room (s. Chapter 4.4) Typical work Cleaning the device, disinfect …
Juicy English.com
speaks (language) 1 (The) USA 2 Mexican 3 Korean 4 Spain 5 Japanese 6 China Chinese 7 Italian Russian 9 Canadian 10 France 11 England 12 German 13 Portugal 14 Brazilian 15 …
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The conflict in Bosnia in the early 1990s was the source of a number of firsts for the ... midst of a major political transition. NATO’s survival, therefore, speaks a great deal about the value …
Translation and negotiation of linguistic varieties amongst …
regard to Bosnia-Herzegovina, it is important to note, as Table 1 below shows, that only a relative majority of the inhabitants of Bosnia-Herzegovina identify their language as Bosnian (cf. Tolimir …
Using Scenarios to Help Prepare Educators for Involving …
• ♦ Scenario Three. Ms. Walton speaks to the mother of Meira, who is from Bosnia. Meira has been daydreaming and not completing her work at school. Through a translator, Ms. Walton …
Bosanski - Ministry of Health
Croats and Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina call their language Croatian and Serbian. The constitution of Republic Srpska, where the language is also official, refers to the language as …
INDIRECT TAXATION AUTHORITY OF BOSNIA AND …
Edition in Serbian, Bosnian and Croatian Language Year IX, No. 93, Friday, 30th December 2005 ISSN 1512-7508 – Serbian language ISSN 1512-7486 – Bosnian language ISSN 1512-7494 – …
CONSTITUTION OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA PREAMBLE
CONSTITUTION OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA PREAMBLE Based on respect for human dignity, liberty, and equality, Dedicated to peace, justice, tolerance, and reconciliation, …
Council of Europe
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THE GERMAN MARSHALL FUND OF THE UNITED STATES
Serbian language, which is his native language, and also speaks English l fluently. His skills in information technology and work on computer are outstanding. He is responsible, initiative …
2023 COMPANY PROFILE - LC Waikiki
Bosnia and Herzegovina 1997 LC Waikiki became a Turkish brand and opened its first store in Istanbul. 2009 Our first overseas store opened in Romania 2010 ... we are a big family that …
The four National Languages of DRC - EN - Translators …
Number of speakers of each language per territory 500,000 * DRC's 2003 Constitution states that, while French is the country's sole official language, Kituba, Swahili, Lingala and Tshiluba are all …
Minnesota Language Survey - isd423.org
Indicate the language(s) other than English in space provided: 1. My student first learned: ___ language(s) other than English. ___ English and language(s) other than English. ___ only …
