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| branches of english language: English as a Contact Language Daniel Schreier, Marianne Hundt, 2013-01-17 Recent developments in contact linguistics suggest considerable overlap of branches such as historical linguistics, variationist sociolinguistics, pidgin/creole linguistics, language acquisition, etc. This book highlights the complexity of contact-induced language change throughout the history of English by bringing together cutting-edge research from these fields. Special focus is on recent debates surrounding substratal influence in earlier forms of English (particularly Celtic influence in Old English), on language shift processes (the formation of Irish and overseas varieties) but also on dialects in contact, the contact origins of Standard English, the notion of new epicentres in World English, the role of children and adults in language change as well as transfer and language learning. With contributions from leading experts, the book offers fresh and exciting perspectives for research and is at the same time an up-to-date overview of the state of the art in the respective fields. |
| branches of english language: English Linguistics Bernd Kortmann, 2020-10-28 This is the completely revised, updated and enlarged 2nd edition of a classic textbook used in many English and linguistics departments in Germany for more than 20 years. It serves both as an introduction for beginners and as a companion for more advanced undergraduate and graduate students, familiarizing its readers with the major and distinctive properties of English (Standard English as well major national, regional and social varieties), including an in-depth structural comparison with German. Written in an accessible style and with many reader-friendly features (including checklists with key terms and concepts, basic and advanced exercises with solutions), the book offers a state-of-the-art-survey of the core terminology and issues of the central branches of linguistics, including an account of the major current research traditions and methodologies. |
| branches of english language: Encyclopaedia Britannica Hugh Chisholm, 1910 This eleventh edition was developed during the encyclopaedia's transition from a British to an American publication. Some of its articles were written by the best-known scholars of the time and it is considered to be a landmark encyclopaedia for scholarship and literary style. |
| branches of english language: Introducing English Grammar Kersti Borjars, Kate Burridge, 2013-01-11 Answering key questions such as 'Why study grammar?' and 'What is standard English?', Introducing English Grammar guides readers through the practical analysis of the syntax of English sentences. With all special terms carefully explained as they are introduced, the book is written for readers with no previous experience of grammatical analysis. It is ideal for all those beginning their study of linguistics, English language or speech pathology, as well as students with primarily literary interests who need to cover the basics of linguistic analysis. The approach taken is in line with current research in grammar, a particular advantage for students who may go on to study syntax in more depth. All the examples and exercises use real language taken from newspaper articles, non-standard dialects and include excerpts from studies of patients with language difficulties. Students are encouraged to think about the terminology as a tool kit for studying language and to test what can and cannot be described using these tools. This new edition has been fully revised in line with recent research. There is a new chapter on World English, a new glossary and a free website with extensive further reading and answers to the exercises. |
| branches of english language: English as a Global Language David Crystal, 2012-03-29 Written in a detailed and fascinating manner, this book is ideal for general readers interested in the English language. |
| branches of english language: A dictionary of the English language Noah Webster, 1831 |
| branches of english language: Language and Linguistics Robert Lawrence Trask, 2007 The new edition of this A-Z guide explores the main concepts and terms used in the study of language and linguistics. Containing over 300 entries, thoroughly updated to reflect the latest developments in the field, this book includes entires in: cognitive linguistics; discourse analysis; phonology and phonetics; psycholinguistics; sociolinguistics; and syntax and semantics. Beginning with brief definition, each entry is followed by a comprehensive explanation of the origin and usage of the term. The book is cross-referenced throughout and includes further reading for academics and students alike.--BOOK JACKET. |
| branches of english language: Language and Linguistics John Lyons, 1981-05-29 This 1981 book is a general introduction to linguistics and the study of language, intended particularly for beginning students and readers with no previous knowledge or training in the subject. There is first a general account of the nature of language and of the aims, methods and basic principles of linguistic theory. John Lyons then introduces in turn each of the main sub-fields of linguistics: the sounds of language, grammar, semantics, language change, psycholinguistics: the sounds of language, grammar, semantics, language change, psycholinguistics, language and culture. Throughout the book he emphasizes particularly those aspects of the discipline that seem fundamental and most likely to remain important. He stresses throughout the cultural at least as much as the biological context of human language, and shows how the linguist's concerns connect productively with those of the traditional humanities and the social sciences. Each chapter has a wide-ranging set of discussion questions and revision exercises, and extensive suggestions for further reading. The exposition is marked throughout by the author's characteristic clarity, balance and authority. |
| branches of english language: Introducing English Language Louise Mullany, Peter Stockwell, 2015-07-30 Routledge English Language Introductions cover core areas of language study and are one-stop resources for students. Assuming no prior knowledge, books in the series offer an accessible overview of the subject, with activities, study questions, sample analyses, commentaries and key readings – all in the same volume. The innovative and flexible ‘two-dimensional’ structure is built around four sections – introduction, development, exploration and extension – which offer self-contained stages for study. Each topic can also be read across these sections, enabling the reader to build gradually on the knowledge gained. Introducing English Language: is the foundational book in the Routledge English Language Introductions series, providing an accessible introduction to the English language contains newly expanded coverage of morphology, updated and revised exercises, and an extended Further Reading section comprehensively covers key disciplines of linguistics such as historical linguistics, sociolinguistics and psycholinguistics, as well as core areas in language study including acquisition, standardisation and the globalisation of English uses a wide variety of real texts and images from around the world, including a Monty Python sketch, excerpts from novels such as Virginia Woolf’s To the Lighthouse, and news items from Metro and the BBC provides updated classic readings by the key names in the discipline, including Guy Cook, Andy Kirkpatrick and Zoltán Dörnyei is accompanied by a website with extra activities, project ideas for each unit, suggestions for further reading, links to essential English language resources, and course templates for lecturers. Written by two experienced teachers and authors, this accessible textbook is an essential resource for all students of the English language and linguistics. |
| branches of english language: English Linguistics Mats Johansson, 2012-03-28 This book gives a thorough, yet easily accessible introduction to the main branches of English linguistics. The book is aimed at beginning and intermediate students of English who have little or no previous experience in doing linguistics, and who are expected to achieve a working knowledge of English morphology, syntax and semantics. The book contains a large number of written exercises which allow the students to practice linguistic reasoning and their own argumentation skills. The students will also learn how to use secondary material, such as dictionaries and various types of internet sources, to support their analyses and argumentation. The book is accompanied by a website containing, among other things, audio material and short podcasts on complex topics as well as keys to the exercises in the book. |
| branches of english language: A Dictionary of the English Language Samuel Johnson, 1786 |
| branches of english language: Modern English Arnold Leslie Lazarus, Andrew MacLeish, H. Wendell Smith, 1971 Defines, illustrates and discusses over one thousand terms integral to the study of literature, composition, grammar, linguistics and literary movements. |
| branches of english language: Language Education and Applied Linguistics Howard Nicholas, Donna Starks, 2014-02-24 Language Education and Applied Linguistics: bridging the two fields provides a starting point for students and researchers in both Language and Education who wish to interpret and use insights from the field of Applied Linguistics, and for Applied Linguists who wish to engage in dialogue with language educators and researchers in education. Providing a framework for understanding the resources individuals use to communicate, this accessible and innovative text will enable teachers and learners to understand and discuss features and tools used in communication. This framework enables: Learners to explore their current language abilities and their desired future communicative abilities, empowering them to engage with their own language learning needs Language educators to explore central concerns in multiliteracy, digital literacies, plurilingualism and plurilingual development Applied Linguistics students to understand theories of applied linguistics and language education Sociolinguists to bring their research into education Language Education and Applied Linguistics can be used by students, teachers, researchers and teacher educators to explore multilingual contexts and communicative purposes in language classrooms, language education and applied linguistics. |
| branches of english language: English as a Local Language Christina Higgins, 2009-07-08 When analyzed in multilingual contexts, English is often treated as an entity that is separable from its linguistic environment. It is often the case, however, that multilinguals use English in hybrid and transcultural ways. This book explores how multilingual East Africans make use of English as a local resource in their everyday practices by examining a range of domains, including workplace conversation, beauty pageants, hip hop and advertising. Drawing on the Bakhtinian concept of multivocality, the author uses discourse analysis and ethnographic approaches to demonstrate the range of linguistic and cultural hybridity found across these domains, and to consider the constraints on hybridity in each context. By focusing on the cultural and linguistic bricolage in which English is often found, the book illustrates how multilinguals respond to the tension between local identification and dominant conceptualizations of English as a language for global communication. |
| branches of english language: Key Concepts in Language and Linguistics Geoffrey Finch, 2005-04-13 An invaluable glossary of significant language and linguistic terms and concepts designed for students of English Language and Linguistics. The book also provides a very useful overview of the subject as well as covering principal figures in linguistic criticism and their contribution to the subject. Organized into the core subject areas of language and linguistics, it enables the reader to contextualize each particular definition and gain a wider understanding of each topic. This edition has been updated to include more extensive coverage, particularly of language terms. |
| branches of english language: A Dictionary of the English Language, in which the Words are Deduced from Their Originals Explained in Their Different Meanings Johnson, 1809 |
| branches of english language: The Cambridge Handbook of English Historical Linguistics Merja Kytö, Päivi Pahta, 2016-05-03 English historical linguistics is a subfield of linguistics which has developed theories and methods for exploring the history of the English language. This Handbook provides an account of state-of-the-art research on this history. It offers an in-depth survey of materials, methods, and language-theoretical models used to study the long diachrony of English. The frameworks covered include corpus linguistics, historical sociolinguistics, historical pragmatics and manuscript studies, among others. The chapters, by leading experts, examine the interplay of language theory and empirical data throughout, critically assessing the work in the field. Of particular importance are the diverse data sources which have become increasingly available in electronic form, allowing the discipline to develop in new directions. The Handbook offers access to the rich and many-faceted spectrum of work in English historical linguistics, past and present, and will be useful for researchers and students interested in hands-on research on the history of English. |
| branches of english language: The English Language Charles Barber, Charles Laurence Barber, Joan Beal, Philip Shaw, 2012-03-29 This bestselling text by Charles Barber recounts the history of the English language from its ancestry to the present day. |
| branches of english language: English Medium Instruction Ernesto Macaro,, 2018-02-19 Ernesto Macaro brings together a wealth of research on the rapidly expanding phenomenon of English Medium Instruction. Against a backdrop of theory, policy documents, and examples of practice, he weaves together research in both secondary and tertiary education, with a particular focus on the key stakeholders involved in EMI: the teachers and the students. Whilst acknowledging that the momentum of EMI is unlikely to be diminished, and identifying its potential benefits, the author raises questions about the ways it has been introduced and developed, and explores how we can arrive at a true cost–benefit analysis of its future impact. “This state-of-the-art monograph presents a wide-ranging, multi-perspectival yet coherent overview of research, policy, and practice of English Medium Instruction around the globe. It gives a thorough, in-depth, and thought-provoking treatment of an educational phenomenon that is spreading on an unprecedented scale.” Guangwei Hu, National Institute of Education, Singapore Additional online resources are available at www.oup.com/elt/teacher/emi Ernesto Macaro is Professor of Applied Linguistics at the University of Oxford and is the founding Director of the Centre for Research and Development on English Medium Instruction at the university. Oxford Applied Linguistics Series Advisers: Anne Burns and Diane Larsen-Freeman |
| branches of english language: Linguistics for Everyone Kristin E. Denham, Anne C. Lobeck, 2013 LINGUISTICS FOR EVERYONE, 2E, International Edition connects the study of linguistics to the language you use every day. The text is very user-friendly: casual writing style, logical presentation of material, balance of theoretical and practical, entertaining information, and lots of ideas and activities to put what you learn to use right away. The first chapter gives you the basics such as how to define language, new ways to look at grammar, your innate knowledge about language. Later chapters address core linguistics areas in depth (phonetics and phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics). Many innovative and varied activities help you review and practice the content and apply the knowledge immediately. Special features throughout the book demystify common curiosities about how language works. |
| branches of english language: A Dictionary of the English Language in which the Words are Deduced from Their Originals Johnson, 1828 |
| branches of english language: A Dictionary of the English Language ... To which is prefixed a grammar of the English language ... The eighth edition Samuel Johnson, 1792 |
| branches of english language: The Short Oxford History of English Literature Andrew Sanders, 2000-01 A guide to the literature of the British Isles from the Anglo-Saxon period to the present day. The volume includes information on Old and Middle English, the Renaissance, Shakespeare, the 17th and 18th centuries, the Romantics, Victorian and Edwardian literature, Modernism, and post-war writing. |
| branches of english language: Positioning English for Specific Purposes in an English Language Teaching Context Nadežda Stojković, 2019-01-18 With the unrelenting spread of globalization, the English language has been firmly established as the Lingua Franca. Now more than ever, the importance of learning English is paramount within nearly all professional and educational sectors. English for Specific Purposes (ESP) has long been accepted as an effective method for teaching English as a foreign language. In recent years, it has experienced an increasing presence in secondary and tertiary education across the globe. This is predominantly due to its learner-centered approach that focuses on developing linguistic competence in the student’s specific discipline, may that be academics, business or tourism, for example. Positioning English for Specific Purposes in an English Language Teaching Context attempts to present and define the relevance and scope of ESP within English Language teaching. From mobile phones as educational tools to the language needs of medical students, the contributors to this volume examine and propose different epistemological and methodological aspects of ESP teaching. Its unique approach to ESP marks this volume out as an important and necessary contribution to existing ESP literature, and one that will be of use to both researchers and practitioners of ESP. |
| branches of english language: Second Language Speech Fluency Parvaneh Tavakoli, Clare Wright, 2020-12-17 Second language (L2) fluency is an exciting and fast-moving field of research, with clear practical applications in language teaching. This book provides a lively overview of the current advances in the field of L2 fluency, and connects the theory to practice, presenting a hands-on approach to using fluency research across a range of different language-related professions. The authors introduce an innovative multidisciplinary perspective, which brings together research into cognitive and social factors, to understand fluency as a dynamic variable in language performance, connecting learner-internal factors such as speech processing and automaticity, to external factors such as task demands, language testing, and pragmatic interactional demands in communication. Bringing a much-needed multidisciplinary and novel approach to understanding the complex nature of L2 speech fluency, this book provides researchers, students and language professionals with both the theoretical insights and practical tools required to understand and research how fluency in a second language develops. |
| branches of english language: English in the Disciplines Christoph Hafner, Lindsay Miller, 2018-08-06 The context for the teaching and learning of English for specific disciplinary purposes is undergoing profound changes under the influence of economic globalization and new digital communication technologies. English in the Disciplines demonstrates how fundamental principles of ESP, to tailor language learning materials to the needs of specific groups of learners, can be adapted to new contexts of learning in the digital age. Based on sustained research into students’ experiences in an ESP context in Hong Kong, this volume provides an empirically grounded and practical methodology to ESP learning and course design and features: • mixed-method case studies; • links between theory and practice, with plentiful examples of teaching materials and learning activities; • recognition of the effect of new technologies and globalization on the practice of ESP, highlighting problems and providing practical solutions; • a new pedagogical model for ESP course design, addressing multiple dimensions relevant to today’s ESP learners including learner autonomy, genre, multimodality and digital literacies, plurilingual practices, and project-based learning and collaboration. English in the Disciplines provides key reading for anyone studying and researching this topic. |
| branches of english language: The English Language Thomas Pyles, Jayne Crane Harder, 1968 |
| branches of english language: A Grammar of the English Language, in a Series of Letters. Intended for the Use of Schools and and of Young Persons in General, but More Especially for the Use of Soldiers, Sailors, Apprentices, and Plough-Boys William Cobbett, 2024-02-16 Reprint of the original, first published in 1883. |
| branches of english language: Report of the superintendent ... MI Dept Public Instruction, 1875 |
| branches of english language: Compilation from the Annual Reports of the Superintendent of Public Instruction of the State of Michigan Michigan. Department of Public Instruction, 1885 |
| branches of english language: Encyclopedia of Linguistics Philipp Strazny, 2013-02-01 Utilizing a historical and international approach, this valuable two-volume resource makes even the more complex linguistic issues understandable for the non-specialized reader. Containing over 500 alphabetically arranged entries and an expansive glossary by a team of international scholars, the Encyclopedia of Linguistics explores the varied perspectives, figures, and methodologies that make up the field. |
| branches of english language: Report Michigan. Department of Public Instruction, 1911 |
| branches of english language: Report of the Superintendent of Public Instruction of the State of Michigan for the Biennium ... Michigan. Department of Public Instruction, 1912 |
| branches of english language: Annual Report School District of Philadelphia, Pa Board of Public Education, 1909 |
| branches of english language: Annual Report , 1908 |
| branches of english language: Annual Report of the Board of Public Education, First School District of Pennsylvania Comprising the City of Philadelphia Philadelphia School District. Board of Public Education, 1908 |
| branches of english language: The American Political Science Review Westel Woodbury Willoughby, John Archibald Fairlie, Frederic Austin Ogg, 1920 American Political Science Review (APSR) is the longest running publication of the American Political Science Association (APSA). It features research from all fields of political science and contains an extensive book review section of the discipline. |
| branches of english language: The Grammar of the English Language Oliver Beale Peirce, 2024-04-25 |
| branches of english language: An American Dictionary of the English Language Noah Webster, 2023-06-08 Reprint of the original, first published in 1857. The publishing house Anatiposi publishes historical books as reprints. Due to their age, these books may have missing pages or inferior quality. Our aim is to preserve these books and make them available to the public so that they do not get lost. |
| branches of english language: Department Reports of the State of Ohio Oberlin Historical and Improvement Organization, Ohio, 1919 Reports included in each volume vary; may contain the decisions, opinions, and rulings of the Public Utilities Commission, Attorney General, Industrial Commission, State Banking Department, Tax Commission, Bureau of Inspection and Supervision of Public Offices, Insurance Department, State Highway Department, dockets and syllabi of the Supreme Court, State Treasurer, and other department reports. |
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