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| cognitive psychology artificial intelligence: Readings in Cognitive Science Allan Collins, Edward E. Smith, 2013-10-02 Readings in Cognitive Science: A Perspective from Psychology and Artificial Intelligence brings together important studies that fall in the intersection between artificial intelligence and cognitive psychology. This book is composed of six chapters, and begins with the complex anatomy and physiology of the human brain. The next chapters deal with the components of cognitive science, such as the semantic memory, similarity and analogy, and learning. These chapters also consider the application of mental models, which represent the domain-specific knowledge needed to understand a dynamic system or natural physical phenomena. The remaining chapters discuss the concept of reasoning, problem solving, planning, vision, and imagery. This book is of value to psychologists, psychiatrists, neurologists, and researchers who are interested in cognition. |
| cognitive psychology artificial intelligence: The Psychology of Expertise Robert R. Hoffman, 2014-02-25 This volume investigates our ability to capture, and then apply, expertise. In recent years, expertise has come to be regarded as an increasingly valuable and surprisingly elusive resource. Experts, who were the sole active dispensers of certain kinds of knowledge in the days before AI, have themselves become the objects of empirical inquiry, in which their knowledge is elicited and studied -- by knowledge engineers, experimental psychologists, applied psychologists, or other experts -- involved in the development of expert systems. This book achieves a marriage between experimentalists, applied scientists, and theoreticians who deal with expertise. It envisions the benefits to society of an advanced technology for capturing and disseminating the knowledge and skills of the best corporate managers, the most seasoned pilots, and the most renowned medical diagnosticians. This book should be of interest to psychologists as well as to knowledge engineers who are out in the trenches developing expert systems, and anyone pondering the nature of expertise and the question of how it can be elicited and studied scientifically. The book's scope and the pivotal concepts that it elucidates and appraises, as well as the extensive categorized bibliographies it includes, make this volume a landmark in the field of expert systems and AI as well as the field of applied experimental psychology. |
| cognitive psychology artificial intelligence: Cognitive Psychology and Artificial Intelligence Morton Wagman, 1993-02-28 The nature of cognition is examined by the methods of experimental cognitive psychology and the theoretical models of computational psychology. First explained is the nature and objectives of artificial intelligence, symbolic and connectionist paradigms, the architecture of cognition, and characteristics of a general theory of intelligence. Wagman then examines theory and research in human reasoning and reasoning systems. Experimental research in deductive and inductive reasoning, the nature of artificial intelligence reasoning systems, nonmonotonic and common-sense reasoning, and general types of reasoning in artificial intelligence are examined. Next the author examines the nature of human problem solving and problem-solving systems. Problem representation methods and their duplication by artificial intelligence is discussed at length. Concepts and research in human learning and learning systems are also reviewed, as are the nature of human expertise and expert systems. Major characteristics of expertise including deep knowledge, reasoning strategies, and pattern recognition are described and exemplified in research concerned with medical expertise. The nature of intelligence and intelligence systems is examined, and the physical symbol system hypothesis and its results are analyzed. The author covers an artificial intelligence system that emulates the cognitive processes in scientific discovery and its implications for human creativity. |
| cognitive psychology artificial intelligence: The Sciences of Cognition Morton Wagman, 1995-03-30 Wagman presents a general, unified theory of artificial and human intelligence under which the nature of human reasoning, problem solving, analogical thinking, and scientific discovery is examined from theoretical, research and computational perspectives. The work analyzes foundational issues regarding the nature of intelligent systems and intelligence, and significant and current research in the area is discussed. This book will be of interest to scholars dealing with psychology, artificial intelligence and cognitive science. |
| cognitive psychology artificial intelligence: Dynamics, Synergetics, Autonomous Agents Wolfgang Tschacher, Jean-Pierre Dauwalder, 1999 This volume focuses on the modeling of cognition, and brings together contributions from psychologists and researchers in the field of cognitive science. The shared platform of this work is to advocate a dynamical systems approach to cognition. Several aspects of this approach are considered here: chaos theory, artificial intelligence and Alife models, catastrophe theory and, most importantly, self-organization theory or synergetics. The application of nonlinear systems theory to cognitive science in general, and to cognitive psychology in particular, is a growing field that has gained further momentum thanks to new contributions from the science of robotics. The recent development in cognitive science towards an account of embodiment, together with the general approach of complexity theory and dynamics, will have a major impact on our psychological understanding of reasoning, thinking and behavior. |
| cognitive psychology artificial intelligence: Artificial Psychology Jay Friedenberg, 2010-10-18 Is it possible to construct an artificial person? Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have for decades been developing computer programs that emulate human intelligence. This book goes beyond intelligence and describes how close we are to recreating many of the other capacities that make us human. These abilities include learning, creativity, consciousness, and emotion. The attempt to understand and engineer these abilities constitutes the new interdisciplinary field of artificial psychology, which is characterized by contributions from philosophy, cognitive psychology, neuroscience, computer science, and robotics. This work is intended for use as a main or supplementary introductory textbook for a course in cognitive psychology, cognitive science, artificial intelligence, or the philosophy of mind. It examines human abilities as operating requirements that an artificial person must have and analyzes them from a multidisciplinary approach. The book is comprehensive in scope, covering traditional topics like perception, memory, and problem solving. However, it also describes recent advances in the study of free will, ethical behavior, affective architectures, social robots, and hybrid human-machine societies. |
| cognitive psychology artificial intelligence: Artificial Psychology James A. Crowder, John Carbone, Shelli Friess, 2019-05-21 This book explores the subject of artificial psychology and how the field must adapt human neuro-psychological testing techniques to provide adequate cognitive testing of advanced artificial intelligence systems. It shows how classical testing methods will reveal nothing about the cognitive nature of the systems and whether they are learning, reasoning, and evolving correctly; for these systems, the authors outline how testing techniques similar to/adapted from human psychological testing must be adopted, particularly in understanding how the system reacts to failure or relearning something it has learned incorrectly or inferred incorrectly. The authors provide insights into future architectures/capabilities that artificial cognitive systems will possess and how we can evaluate how well they are functioning. It discusses at length the notion of human/AI communication and collaboration and explores such topics as knowledge development, knowledge modeling and ambiguity management, artificial cognition and self-evolution of learning, artificial brain components and cognitive architecture, and artificial psychological modeling. Explores the concepts of Artificial Psychology and Artificial Neuroscience as applied to advanced artificially cognitive systems; Provides insight into the world of cognitive architectures and biologically-based computing designs which will mimic human brain functionality in artificial intelligent systems of the future; Provides description and design of artificial psychological modeling to provide insight into how advanced artificial intelligent systems are learning and evolving; Explores artificial reasoning and inference architectures and the types of modeling and testing that will be required to trust an autonomous artificial intelligent systems. |
| cognitive psychology artificial intelligence: Artificial Psychology Jay Friedenberg, 2010-10-18 Is it possible to construct an artificial person? Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have for decades been developing computer programs that emulate human intelligence. This book goes beyond intelligence and describes how close we are to recreating many of the other capacities that make us human. These abilities include learning, creativity, consciousness, and emotion. The attempt to understand and engineer these abilities constitutes the new interdisciplinary field of artificial psychology, which is characterized by contributions from philosophy, cognitive psychology, neuroscience, computer science, and robotics. This work is intended for use as a main or supplementary introductory textbook for a course in cognitive psychology, cognitive science, artificial intelligence, or the philosophy of mind. It examines human abilities as operating requirements that an artificial person must have and analyzes them from a multidisciplinary approach. The book is comprehensive in scope, covering traditional topics like perception, memory, and problem solving. However, it also describes recent advances in the study of free will, ethical behavior, affective architectures, social robots, and hybrid human-machine societies. |
| cognitive psychology artificial intelligence: Artificial Intelligence in Psychology Margaret A. Boden, 1989 This collection of Margaret Boden's essays written between 1982 and 1988 focuses on the relevance of artificial intelligence to psychology. |
| cognitive psychology artificial intelligence: The Cognitive Psychology of Knowledge G. Strube, K.F. Wender, 1993-10-01 The present book is a result of a seven-year (1986-1992) national research program in cognitive science in Germany, presumably the first large scale cognitive science program there. Anchored in psychology, and therefore christened Wissenpsychologie (psychology of knowledge), it has found interdisciplinary resonance, especially in artificial intelligence and education. The research program brought together cognitive scientists from over twenty German universities and more than thirty single projects were funded. The program was initiated by Heinz Mandl and Hans Spada, the main goals of which were to investigate the acquisition of knowledge, the access to knowledge, and the modification and application of knowledge from a psychological perspective. Emphasis was placed on formalisms of knowledge representation and on the processes involved. In many of the projects this was combined with computer simulations. A final but equally important goal was the development of experimental paradigms and methods for data analysis that are especially suited to investigate knowledge based processes.The research program has had a major impact on cognitive psychology in Germany. Research groups were established at many universities and research equipment was provided. It also inspired a considerable number of young scientists to carry out cognitive research, employ modeling techniques from artificial intelligence for psychological theorizing, and construct intelligent tutoring systems for education. Close contacts with cognitive scientists in the U.S. have helped to firmly integrate the program with international research endeavours. Each year, one or two workshops were held. The present volume is the result of the final workshop which was held in September 1992. Selected results from seventeen projects are presented in this book. The volume is enriched by three guest scholars who agreed to participate in the final workshop and to comment on the chapters of the book. |
| cognitive psychology artificial intelligence: Dictionary of Cognitive Science Olivier Houdé, Daniel Kayser, Olivier Koenig, Joëlle Proust, François Rastier, 2004-03 Presents comprehensive definitions in more than 120 subjects. Topics range from 'Abduction' to 'Writing' within the domains of psychology, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, philosophy, and linguistics. |
| cognitive psychology artificial intelligence: Human-Computer Interaction Gerrit C. van der Veer, Gijsbertus Mulder, 2012-12-06 This book provides a broad overview of the contributions of experimental research in psychology and related disciplines to the domain of human-computer interaction. Four major topics are considered. The first deals with the presentation of visual information and basic aspects of visual information processing. Some relevant applications are also illustrated in the domains of texts and visual presentation of statistical information. The second major topic is concerned with the representation of knowledge. The interaction between man and machine is most effective if both components have an adequate representation of knowledge. Several techniques of representation are shown, and the compatibility between human representation and machine representation is discussed. The development of expert systems will in many respects change the nature of the interaction between man and machine in artificial intelligence. In the third part, future developments, the current state of expert systems as compared with human experts and the characteristics of productions systems which are so prominent in most expert systems are all discussed. Finally, some features of interaction with systems are reviewed, including the ergonomic value of key boards and advanced input modes like handwritten text and speech. Procedures for searching for information in large databases and for the use of natural language in the interaction between man and machine are increasingly important. |
| cognitive psychology artificial intelligence: The Nature of Expertise Michelene T.H. Chi, Robert Glaser, Marshall J. Farr, 2014-01-02 Due largely to developments made in artificial intelligence and cognitive psychology during the past two decades, expertise has become an important subject for scholarly investigations. The Nature of Expertise displays the variety of domains and human activities to which the study of expertise has been applied, and reflects growing attention on learning and the acquisition of expertise. Applying approaches influenced by such disciplines as cognitive psychology, artificial intelligence, and cognitive science, the contributors discuss those conditions that enhance and those that limit the development of high levels of cognitive skill. |
| cognitive psychology artificial intelligence: Cognitive Design for Artificial Minds Antonio Lieto, 2021-03-31 Cognitive Design for Artificial Minds explains the crucial role that human cognition research plays in the design and realization of artificial intelligence systems, illustrating the steps necessary for the design of artificial models of cognition. It bridges the gap between the theoretical, experimental, and technological issues addressed in the context of AI of cognitive inspiration and computational cognitive science. Beginning with an overview of the historical, methodological, and technical issues in the field of cognitively inspired artificial intelligence, Lieto illustrates how the cognitive design approach has an important role to play in the development of intelligent AI technologies and plausible computational models of cognition. Introducing a unique perspective that draws upon Cybernetics and early AI principles, Lieto emphasizes the need for an equivalence between cognitive processes and implemented AI procedures, in order to realize biologically and cognitively inspired artificial minds. He also introduces the Minimal Cognitive Grid, a pragmatic method to rank the different degrees of biological and cognitive accuracy of artificial systems in order to project and predict their explanatory power with respect to the natural systems taken as a source of inspiration. Providing a comprehensive overview of cognitive design principles in constructing artificial minds, this text will be essential reading for students and researchers of artificial intelligence and cognitive science. |
| cognitive psychology artificial intelligence: AI Vs. Humans Michael W. Eysenck, Christine Eysenck, 2021-11-30 The great majority of books on artificial intelligence are written by AI experts who understandably focus on its achievements and potential transformative effects on society. In contrast, AI vs. Humans is written by two psychologists (Michael and Christine Eysenck) whose perspective on AI (including robotics) is based on their knowledge and understanding of human cognition. The book evaluates the strengths and limitations of people and AI. The authors' expertise equips them well to consider this by seeing how well (or badly) AI compares to human intelligence. They accept that AI matches or exceeds human ability in many spheres such as mathematical calculations, complex games (e.g., chess, Go and poker), diagnosis from medical images, and robotic surgery. However, the human tendency to anthropomorphise has led many people to claim mistakenly that AI systems can think, infer, reason and understand while engaging in information processing. In fact, such systems lack all those cognitive skills and are also deficient in the quintessential human abilities of flexibility of thinking and general intelligence. At a time when human commitment to AI appears unstoppable, this up-to-date book advocates a symbiotic and co-operative relationship between humans and AI. It will be essential reading for anyone interested in AI and human cognition. |
| cognitive psychology artificial intelligence: Mind Design John Haugeland, 1981 |
| cognitive psychology artificial intelligence: Cognitive Science Rom Harre, 2002-02-18 This is the first major textbook to offer a truly comprehensive review of cognitive science in its fullest sense. Ranging from artificial intelligence models of neural processes and cognitive psychology to recent discursive and cultural theories, Rom Harré offers an original yet accessible integration of the field. At its core, this textbook addresses the question ′How can psychology become a science?′. The answer is based on a clear account of method and explanation in the natural sciences and how they can be adapted to psychological research. Rom Harré has used his experience of both the natural and the human sciences to create a text on which exciting and insightful courses can be built in many ways. The text is based on the idea that underlying the long history of attempts to create a scientific psychology there are many unexamined presuppositions that must be brought to light. Whether describing language, categorization, memory, the brain or connectionism the book always links our intuitions about how we think, feel and act in the contexts of everyday life to the latest accounts of the neural tools with which we accomplish the cognitive tasks demanded of us. Computational and biological models are used to link the discursive analysis of everyday cognition to the necessary activities of the brain and nervous system. Fluently written and well structured, this is an ideal text for students who want to gain a comprehensive view of the current state of the art with its seeming divergence into studies of meanings and studies of neurology. The book is divided into four basic modules, with suggestions for three lectures in each. The plan is related to the overall pattern of the semester programme. The reader is guided with helpful learning points, sections of study questions for review, and key readings for each chapter. Cognitive Science: A Philosophical Introduction, with its remarkable sweep of themes, past and present, truly introduces ′the science of the mind′ for a new generation of psychology students. Cognitive Science should be indispensable reading for students at all levels taking courses in cognitive science and cognitive psychology, and useful additional course reading in other areas such as social psychology, artificial intelligence, philosophy of the mind and linguistics. Key Points · First major textbook to provide a link between computational, philosophical and biological models in an accessible format for students. Presents a new vision of psychology as a scientific discipline. · Breadth of coverage - ranging from artificial intelligence, to key themes & theories in cognitive science (past and present) - language, memory, the brain and behaviour - to recent discursive and cultural theories. · Plenty of student features to help the student and tutor including helpful learning points, study and essay questions and key readings at the end of every chapter. |
| cognitive psychology artificial intelligence: Artificial Intelligence in Psychology Margaret A. Boden, 1989 This collection of Margaret Boden's essays written between 1982 and 1988 focuses on the relevance of artificial intelligence to psychology. With her usual clarity and eye for the key role that each discipline plays in the science of the mind, Boden ties the essays together in a thorough synoptic overview. She outlines the various approaches, from Babbage's contributions, through the work of Turing and von Neumann, to the latest theories of parallel processing, and the questions that researchers in AI and psychology must ask to ascertain if there might be a discipline termed computational psychology Many theoretical psychologists today believe that the science of artificial intelligence can include all of the phenomena generated by the human mind. This functionalist approach views the mind as a representational system and psychology as the study of the various computational processes whereby mental representations are constructed, organized, and interpreted. Disagreements abound, however, about how various psychological phenomena can be explained in computational terms; there is disagreement, too, about which AI concepts and which of the computermodeling methodologies will prove most useful from the psychologist's point of view. All of these issues are raised and clearly investigated here. The essays include Fashions of Mind; Is Computational Psychology Constructivist? Does Artificial Intelligence Need Artificial Brains? Intentionality and Physical Systems; Escaping from the Chinese Room; Is Equilibration Important? Artificial Intelligence and Biological Intelligence. Educational Implications of Artificial Intelligence. Margaret A Boden is Professor of Philosophy and Psychology, and Founding Dean of the School of Cognitive Sciences at the University of Sussex. Artificial Intelligence in Psychology is included in the series Explorations in Cognitive Science, A Bradford Book |
| cognitive psychology artificial intelligence: Artificial Cognitive Systems David Vernon, 2024-08-20 A concise introduction to a complex field, bringing together recent work in cognitive science and cognitive robotics to offer a solid grounding on key issues. This book offers a concise and accessible introduction to the emerging field of artificial cognitive systems. Cognition, both natural and artificial, is about anticipating the need for action and developing the capacity to predict the outcome of those actions. Drawing on artificial intelligence, developmental psychology, and cognitive neuroscience, the field of artificial cognitive systems has as its ultimate goal the creation of computer-based systems that can interact with humans and serve society in a variety of ways. This primer brings together recent work in cognitive science and cognitive robotics to offer readers a solid grounding on key issues. The book first develops a working definition of cognitive systems—broad enough to encompass multiple views of the subject and deep enough to help in the formulation of theories and models. It surveys the cognitivist, emergent, and hybrid paradigms of cognitive science and discusses cognitive architectures derived from them. It then turns to the key issues, with chapters devoted to autonomy, embodiment, learning and development, memory and prospection, knowledge and representation, and social cognition. Ideas are introduced in an intuitive, natural order, with an emphasis on the relationships among ideas and building to an overview of the field. The main text is straightforward and succinct; sidenotes drill deeper on specific topics and provide contextual links to further reading. |
| cognitive psychology artificial intelligence: Cognitive Psychology Alan D. Baddeley, Niels Ole Bernsen, 1989 The papers in this series of five volumes provide a snapshot of current trends in European Cognitive Science. Each of the volumes deals with problems in cognitive science from a different perspective, covering the interacting disciplines of cognitive psychology, logic and linguistics, human'computer interaction, neuroscience and artificial intelligence respectively. Based on the analysis and exposition of the state of the art in their various fields of expertise, the contributors take a prospective look at the basic research problems confronting cognitive science over the next five to ten years. Whilst the authors and editors do consider a wide range of research in their area, they have been encouraged to give their personal view of important directions rather than a bland comprehensive list. Although inevitably controversial, this approach allows a stimulating review of the field, and one which should inspire debate. The highly interdisciplinary nature of cognitive science research means that many issues such as natural language or vision are explored from diverse perspectives in papers representing different disciplines. Each contribution has been written in a way which makes it comprehensible to colleagues from neighbouring disciplines as well as students of cognitive science. It will be particularly useful to graduate students contemplating research projects. The work has been supported and coordinated by the research unit FAST (Forecast and Assessment in Science and Technology) of the EEC Commission in Brussels. |
| cognitive psychology artificial intelligence: The Age of Artificial Intelligence: An Exploration Steven S. Gouveia, 2020-07-07 With worldwide spending estimates of over $97 billion by 2023, it is no surprise that Artificial Intelligence (A.I.) is one of the hottest topics at present in both the private and public spheres. Comprising of vital contributions from the most influential researchers in the field, including Daniel Dennett, Roman V. Yampolskiy, Frederic Gilbert, Stevan Harnad, David Pearce, Natasha Vita-More, Vernon Vinge and Ben Goertzel, ‘The Age of Artificial Intelligence: An Exploration’ discusses a variety of topics ranging from the various ethical issues associated with A.I. based technologies in terms of morality and law to subjects related to artificial consciousness, artistic creativity and intelligence. The volume is organized as follows: Section I is dedicated to reflections on the Intelligence of A.I., with chapters by Soenke Ziesche and Roman V. Yampolskiy, Stevan Harnad, Daniel Dennett and David Pearce. Next, Section II discusses the relationship between consciousness, simulation and artificial intelligence, with chapters by Gabriel Axel Montes and Ben Goertzel, Cody Turner, Nicole Hall and Steven S. Gouveia. Section III, dedicated to aesthetical creativity and language in artificial intelligence, includes chapters by Caterina Moruzzi, René Mogensen, Mariana Chinellato Ferreira and Kulvinder Panesar. The subsequent Section IV is on the Ethics of the Bionic Brain with the participation of Peter A. DePergola II, Tomislav Miletić and Frederic Gilbert, Aníbal M. Astobiza, Txetxu Ausin, Ricardo M. Ferrer and Stephen Rainey and Natasha Vita-More. Finally, Section V follows on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence with chapters by Federico Pistono and Roman V. Yamploskiy, Hasse Hämäläinen, Vernon Vinge and Eray Özkural. The Age of Artificial Intelligence is imminent, if not here already. We should ensure that we invest in the right people and the right ideas to create the best possible solutions to the problems of the present and prepare for those of the future. This edited volume will be of particular interest to researchers in the field of A.I. as well of those in Cognitive Science (Philosophy of the Mind, Neuroscience, and Linguistics), Aesthetics and Arts, Applied Ethics and Political Philosophy / Law. Students studying the aforementioned topics can also benefit from its contents. |
| cognitive psychology artificial intelligence: Human and Artificial Intelligence Friedhart Klix, 1979 Proceedings about the interaction of psychological research and areas in computer--science, especially those covered by artificial intelligence. |
| cognitive psychology artificial intelligence: Readings in Cognitive Science Allan Collins, Edward E. Smith, 1988 |
| cognitive psychology artificial intelligence: Unlocking Consciousness: Lessons From The Convergence Of Computing And Cognitive Psychology Charles T Ross, 2018-02-09 In order to bridge the gap between artificial and synthetic intelligence, we must first understand our own intelligence. 'What is intelligence?' might appear as a simple question, but many great minds have agreed that there is no singular answer. Unlocking Consciousness attempts to examine this central question through exploring the convergence of computing, philosophy, cognitive neuroscience and biogenetics.The book is the first of its kind to compare comprehensive definitions of both information and intelligence, an essential component to the advancement of computing into the realms of artificial intelligence. In examining explanations for intelligence, consciousness, memory and meaning from the perspective of a computer scientist, it offers routes that can be taken to augment natural and artificial intelligence, improving our own individual abilities, and even considering the potential for creating a prosthetic brain.Unlocking Consciousness demonstrates that understanding intelligence is not just for the benefit of computer scientists, it is also of great value to those working in evolutionary, molecular and systems biology, cognitive neuroscience, genetics and biotechnology. In unlocking the secrets of intelligence and laying out the methods of which information is structured and processed, we can unlock a completely new theory of consciousness.For additional published articles and appendices referenced in this title, readers can visit www.brainmindforum.org/ for further information. |
| cognitive psychology artificial intelligence: Cognitive Science and the Mind-Body Problem Morton Wagman, 1998-03-25 A scholarly examination of the centrality of the mind-body problem within and across the science of cognition—from philosophy to psychology to artificial intelligence to neural science. Conceptions of the mind-body problem range from the heritage of Cartesianism to the identification of the circumscribed brain structures responsible for domain specific cognitive mechanisms. Neither narrowly technical nor philosophically vague, this is a structured and detailed account of advancing intellectual developments in theory, research, and knowledge illumined by the conceptual vicissitudes of the mind-body problem. This unique treatment will be of special interest to creative scholars in the disciplines of he sciences of cognition. |
| cognitive psychology artificial intelligence: Human and Machine Problem Solving K.J. Gilhooly, 1989 Problem solving is a central topic for both cognitive psychology and artificial intelligence (AI). Psychology seeks to analyze naturally occur ring problem solving into hypothetical processes, while AI seeks to synthesize problem-solving performance from well-defined processes. Psychology may suggest possible processes to AI and, in turn, AI may suggest plausible hypotheses to psychology. It should be useful for both sides to have some idea of the other's contribution-hence this book, which brings together overviews of psychological and AI re search in major areas of problem solving. At a more general level, this book is intended to be a contribution toward comparative cognitive science. Cognitive science is the study of intelligent systems, whether natural or artificial, and treats both organ isms and computers as types of information-processing systems. Clearly, humans and typical current computers have rather different functional or cognitive architectures. Thus, insights into the role of cognitive ar chitecture in performance may be gained by comparing typical human problem solving with efficient machine problem solving over a range of tasks. Readers may notice that there is little mention of connectionist ap proaches in this volume. This is because, at the time of writing, such approaches have had little or no impact on research at the problem solving level. Should a similar volume be produced in ten years or so, of course, a very different story may need to be told. |
| cognitive psychology artificial intelligence: Aspects of Artificial Intelligence J H Fetzer, 1987-12-31 |
| cognitive psychology artificial intelligence: Epistemology and Cognition J.H. Fetzer, 2012-12-06 This series will include monographs and collections of studies devoted to the investigation and exploration of knowledge, information, and data-processing systems of all kinds, no matter whether human, (other) animal, or machine. Its scope is intended to span the full range of interest from classical problems in the philosophy of mind and philosophical psychology through issues in cognitive psychology and sociobiology (concerning the mental powers of other species) to ideas related to artificial intelligence and computer science. While primary emphasis will be placed upon theoretical, conceptual, and epistemological aspects of these problems and domains, empirical, experimen tal, and methodological studies will also appear from time to time. The present volume reflects the kind of insights that can be obtained when research workers in philosophy, artificial intelligence, and computer science explore problems of common concern. The issues here tend to fall into two broad but varied sets, namely: those concerned with content and concepts, on the one hand, and those concerned with semantics and epistemology, on the other. The collection begins with a prologue that focuses upon the relations between connectionism and alternative conceptions of nativism and ends with an epilogue that examines the significance of alternative conceptions of the Frame Problem for artificial intelligence. Because these papers are rich and diverse, they ought to appeal to a wide and heterogeneous audience. J.H.F. |
| cognitive psychology artificial intelligence: Cognition and the Creative Machine Ana-Maria Oltețeanu, 2020-05-23 How would you assemble a machine that can be creative, what would its cogs be? Starting from how humans do creative problem solving, the author has developed a framework to explore whether a diverse set of creative problem-solving tasks can be solved computationally using a unified set of principles. In this book she describes the implementation of related prototype AI systems, and the computational and empirical experiments conducted. The book will be of interest to researchers, graduate students, and laypeople engaged with ideas in artificial intelligence, cognitive science, and creativity. |
| cognitive psychology artificial intelligence: What is Cognitive Science? Barbara Von Eckardt, 1995 In a richly detailed analysis, Von Eckardt (philosophy, U. of Nebraska) lays the foundation for understanding what it means to be a cognitive scientist. She characterizes the basic assumptions that define the cognitive science approach and systematically sorts out a host of recent issues and controversies surrounding them. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR |
| cognitive psychology artificial intelligence: Mind Design II John Haugeland, 1997-03-06 Mind design is the endeavor to understand mind (thinking, intellect) in terms of its design (how it is built, how it works). Unlike traditional empirical psychology, it is more oriented toward the how than the what. An experiment in mind design is more likely to be an attempt to build something and make it work—as in artificial intelligence—than to observe or analyze what already exists. Mind design is psychology by reverse engineering. When Mind Design was first published in 1981, it became a classic in the then-nascent fields of cognitive science and AI. This second edition retains four landmark essays from the first, adding to them one earlier milestone (Turing's Computing Machinery and Intelligence) and eleven more recent articles about connectionism, dynamical systems, and symbolic versus nonsymbolic models. The contributors are divided about evenly between philosophers and scientists. Yet all are philosophical in that they address fundamental issues and concepts; and all are scientific in that they are technically sophisticated and concerned with concrete empirical research. Contributors Rodney A. Brooks, Paul M. Churchland, Andy Clark, Daniel C. Dennett, Hubert L. Dreyfus, Jerry A. Fodor, Joseph Garon, John Haugeland, Marvin Minsky, Allen Newell, Zenon W. Pylyshyn, William Ramsey, Jay F. Rosenberg, David E. Rumelhart, John R. Searle, Herbert A. Simon, Paul Smolensky, Stephen Stich, A.M. Turing, Timothy van Gelder |
| cognitive psychology artificial intelligence: The Human Face of Ambient Intelligence Simon Elias Bibri, 2015-06-26 As a socially disruptive technology, Ambient Intelligence is ultimately directed towards humans and targeted at the mundane life made of an infinite richness of circumstances that cannot fully be considered and easily be anticipated. Most books, however, focus their analysis on, or deal largely with, the advancement of the technology and its potential only. This book offers a fresh, up–to–date, and holistic approach to Ambient Intelligence. As such, it addresses the interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary aspects of the rapidly evolving field of Ambient Intelligence by seamlessly integrating and fusing it with artificial intelligence, cognitive science and psychology, social sciences, and humanities. It is divided into two main parts: Part 1 is about different permutations of enabling technologies as well as core computational capabilities, namely context awareness, implicit and natural interaction, and intelligent behavior. It details the existing and upcoming prerequisite technologies, and elucidates the application and convergence of major current and future computing trends. Part 2 is an accessible review and synthesis of the latest research in the human-directed sciences and computing and how these are intricately interrelated in the realm of Ambient Intelligence. It deals with the state–of–the–art human–inspired applications which show human-like understanding and exhibit intelligent behavior in relation to a variety of aspects of human functioning – states and processes. It describes and elaborates on the rich potential of Ambient Intelligence from a variety of interrelated perspectives and the plethora of challenges and bottlenecks involved in making Ambient Intelligence a reality, and also discusses the established knowledge and recent discoveries in the human–directed sciences and their application and convergence in the ambit of Ambient Intelligence computing. This seminal reference work is the most comprehensive of its kind, and will prove invaluable to students, researchers, and professionals across both computing and the human-directed sciences. |
| cognitive psychology artificial intelligence: Attention and Performance XIV David E. Meyer, Sylvan Kornblum, 1993 Attention and Performance XIV, provides a broad, historic, and timely synthesis of the empirical and theoretical ideas on which performance theory now rests. |
| cognitive psychology artificial intelligence: The Computer and the Mind Philip Nicholas Johnson-Laird, 1988 Computing Methodologies -- Artificial Intelligence. |
| cognitive psychology artificial intelligence: Thinking P. N. Johnson-Laird, P. C. Wason, 1977-12-15 First published in 1977, this is a volume about the scientific study of thinking: its possibility, its part state and its future prospects. The editors have brought together a set of readings which draw on work in cognitive psychology, artificial intelligence, psycholinguistics and philosophy. It is not, however, a mechanical or merely routine collection. At the time of publication there had been rapid and important advances in several different disciplines concerned with human thinking; many of these advances seem to be fundamental and convergent, to point towards a genuine cognitive science. The editors have tried to capture this sense of readiness, excitement and impetus in their selection of readings and their presentation of them. There are substantial introductions to each of the seven parts of the book as a whole to connect and explain the material, with the student and general reader particularly in mind. |
| cognitive psychology artificial intelligence: Cognitive Psychology Guy Claxton, 1980 |
| cognitive psychology artificial intelligence: Concept Formation Douglas H. Fisher, Michael J. Pazzani, Pat Langley, 2014-05-12 Concept Formation: Knowledge and Experience in Unsupervised Learning presents the interdisciplinary interaction between machine learning and cognitive psychology on unsupervised incremental methods. This book focuses on measures of similarity, strategies for robust incremental learning, and the psychological consistency of various approaches. Organized into three parts encompassing 15 chapters, this book begins with an overview of inductive concept learning in machine learning and psychology, with emphasis on issues that distinguish concept formation from more prevalent supervised methods and from numeric and conceptual clustering. This text then describes the cognitive consistency of two concept formation systems that are motivated by a rational analysis of human behavior relative to a variety of psychological phenomena. Other chapters consider the merits of various schemes for representing and acquiring knowledge during concept formation. This book discusses as well the earliest work in concept formation. The final chapter deals with acquisition of quantity conservation in developmental psychology. This book is a valuable resource for psychologists and cognitive scientists. |
| cognitive psychology artificial intelligence: Methods and Tactics in Cognitive Science W. Kintsch, J. R. Miller, P. G. Polson, 2014-03-18 First published in 1984. The editors of this volume are three psychologists whose work has brought them into frequent contact with other disciplines within cognitive science, particularly linguistics and artificial intelligence. Cognitive science is based on the belief that crossing the boundaries of the traditional disciplines is not merely possible, but indeed essential in the study of cognition. The purpose of this volume is to facilitate this interaction among the disciplines that constitute cognitive science, and trying to do this not by an abstract discussion of methodological issues, but by concrete example. |
| cognitive psychology artificial intelligence: Foundational Issues in Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science Mark H. Bickhard, L. Terveen, 1995-03-07 The book focuses on a conceptual flaw in contemporary artificial intelligence and cognitive science. Many people have discovered diverse manifestations and facets of this flaw, but the central conceptual impasse is at best only partially perceived. Its consequences, nevertheless, visit themselves asdistortions and failures of multiple research projects - and make impossible the ultimate aspirations of the fields. The impasse concerns a presupposition concerning the nature of representation - that all representation has the nature of encodings: encodingism. Encodings certainly exist, butencodingism is at root logically incoherent; any programmatic research predicted on it is doomed too distortion and ultimate failure. The impasse and its consequences - and steps away from that impasse - are explored in a large number of projects and approaches. These include SOAR, CYC, PDP, situated cognition, subsumption architecture robotics, and the frame problems - a general survey of the current research in AI and Cognitive Science emerges. Interactivism, an alternative model of representation, is proposed and examined. |
| cognitive psychology artificial intelligence: Language and Thought in Humans and Computers Morton Wagman, 1998-07-28 A comprehensive analysis of current theory and research in the psychological, computational, and neural sciences elucidates the stuctures and processes of language and thought. Chapters discuss language comprehension and artificial intelligence, ARCS system for analogical retrieval, ACME model of analogical mapping, PAULINE, an artificial intelligence system for pragmatic language generation, a theory of understanding of spoken and written text, recent developments and effect of different modes of language representation on the efficiency of information processing. This book will be of interest to professionals and scholars in psychology, artificial intelligence, and cognitive science. |
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Psychology had two main leading schools: behaviourism , and cognitivism . Behaviourism : Refused the theory of the mental processes, and insisted to study the resulted action or the …
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