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british logician founder of computer science: Alan Turing: The Enigma Andrew Hodges, 2014-11-10 A NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER The official book behind the Academy Award-winning film The Imitation Game, starring Benedict Cumberbatch and Keira Knightley It is only a slight exaggeration to say that the British mathematician Alan Turing (1912–1954) saved the Allies from the Nazis, invented the computer and artificial intelligence, and anticipated gay liberation by decades—all before his suicide at age forty-one. This New York Times bestselling biography of the founder of computer science, with a new preface by the author that addresses Turing’s royal pardon in 2013, is the definitive account of an extraordinary mind and life. Capturing both the inner and outer drama of Turing’s life, Andrew Hodges tells how Turing’s revolutionary idea of 1936—the concept of a universal machine—laid the foundation for the modern computer and how Turing brought the idea to practical realization in 1945 with his electronic design. The book also tells how this work was directly related to Turing’s leading role in breaking the German Enigma ciphers during World War II, a scientific triumph that was critical to Allied victory in the Atlantic. At the same time, this is the tragic account of a man who, despite his wartime service, was eventually arrested, stripped of his security clearance, and forced to undergo a humiliating treatment program—all for trying to live honestly in a society that defined homosexuality as a crime. The inspiration for a major motion picture starring Benedict Cumberbatch and Keira Knightley, Alan Turing: The Enigma is a gripping story of mathematics, computers, cryptography, and homosexual persecution. |
british logician founder of computer science: The Essential Turing B. J. Copeland, 2004-09-09 The ideas that gave birth to the computer age Alan Turing, pioneer of computing and WWII codebreaker, was one of the most important and influential thinkers of the twentieth century. In this volume for the first time his key writings are made available to a broad, non-specialist readership. They make fascinating reading both in their own right and for their historic significance: contemporary computational theory, cognitive science, artificial intelligence, and artificial life all spring from this ground-breaking work, which is also rich in philosophical and logical insight. |
british logician founder of computer science: Alan Turing: Life and Legacy of a Great Thinker Christof Teuscher, 2013-06-29 Written by a distinguished cast of contributors, Alan Turing: Life and Legacy of a Great Thinker is the definitive collection of essays in commemoration of the 90th birthday of Alan Turing. This fascinating text covers the rich facets of his life, thoughts, and legacy, but also sheds some light on the future of computing science with a chapter contributed by visionary Ray Kurzweil, winner of the 1999 National Medal of Technology. Further, important contributions come from the philosopher Daniel Dennett, the Turing biographer Andrew Hodges, and from the distinguished logician Martin Davis, who provides a first critical essay on an emerging and controversial field termed hypercomputation. |
british logician founder of computer science: The Universal Computer Martin Davis, 2018-10-08 The breathtakingly rapid pace of change in computing makes it easy to overlook the pioneers who began it all. Written by Martin Davis, respected logician and researcher in the theory of computation, The Universal Computer: The Road from Leibniz to Turing explores the fascinating lives, ideas, and discoveries of seven remarkable mathematicians. It tells the stories of the unsung heroes of the computer age – the logicians. The story begins with Leibniz in the 17th century and then focuses on Boole, Frege, Cantor, Hilbert, and Gödel, before turning to Turing. Turing’s analysis of algorithmic processes led to a single, all-purpose machine that could be programmed to carry out such processes—the computer. Davis describes how this incredible group, with lives as extraordinary as their accomplishments, grappled with logical reasoning and its mechanization. By investigating their achievements and failures, he shows how these pioneers paved the way for modern computing. Bringing the material up to date, in this revised edition Davis discusses the success of the IBM Watson on Jeopardy, reorganizes the information on incompleteness, and adds information on Konrad Zuse. A distinguished prize-winning logician, Martin Davis has had a career of more than six decades devoted to the important interface between logic and computer science. His expertise, combined with his genuine love of the subject and excellent storytelling, make him the perfect person to tell this story. |
british logician founder of computer science: The Logician and the Engineer Paul Nahin, 2017-04-04 Third printing. First paperback printing. Original copyright date: 2013. |
british logician founder of computer science: It Began with Babbage Subrata Dasgupta, 2014-03 A complete and accessible history of computer science, beginning with Charles Babbage in 1819. |
british logician founder of computer science: Homosexual Mathematician Who Rescued the World Still Died In Disgrace Manjunath.R, Alan Turing was a British mathematician and computer scientist who is widely regarded as one of the pioneers of modern computing. Born in 1912, Turing studied mathematics and logic at Cambridge University before beginning his groundbreaking work in the field of computer science. During World War II, Turing worked as a codebreaker at Bletchley Park, where he was instrumental in developing the machines and techniques that were used to crack German ciphers, including the Enigma machine. His work in cryptography is believed to have helped shorten the war and save countless lives. After the war, Turing continued his work in computing, and is credited with developing many of the fundamental concepts that are still used in modern computing today, including the Turing machine and the concept of artificial intelligence. He also made significant contributions to the field of mathematics, including his work on the foundations of computability and the theory of algorithms. Unfortunately, Turing's life was cut tragically short when he was convicted of homosexuality, which was then illegal in Britain. He was subjected to chemical castration and eventually took his own life in 1954 at the age of 41. Turing's contributions to computing and his tragic persecution have made him a symbol of both scientific innovation and the struggle for human rights. Homosexual Mathematician Who Rescued the World Still Died In Disgrace: The Brutal Life And Tragic Death Of Alan Turing is a book that provides an in-depth look at the life and legacy of the pioneering British mathematician and computer scientist, Alan Turing. This book explores Turing's groundbreaking contributions to mathematics, computer science, and cryptography, as well as his personal life and tragic death. The book covers Turing's early years, including his education and early work in mathematics and logic, as well as his groundbreaking contributions to computer science and artificial intelligence. It also delves into his work as a codebreaker during World War II, where his innovations in cryptography helped to crack the German Enigma machine and ultimately shorten the war. In addition to his professional accomplishments, the book also explores Turing's personal life, including his struggles with his sexuality in a time when homosexuality was illegal in Britain. It sheds light on the persecution he faced as a result of his sexuality, including his conviction for indecency and subsequent chemical castration, which many believe led to his tragic suicide at the age of 41. Overall, Homosexual Mathematician Who Rescued the World Still Died In Disgrace: The Brutal Life And Tragic Death Of Alan Turing is a fascinating and illuminating book that provides a comprehensive portrait of one of the most important figures in the history of computing and a tragic figure in the history of human rights. |
british logician founder of computer science: Affect and Artificial Intelligence Elizabeth A. Wilson, 2011-03-01 In 1950, Alan Turing, the British mathematician, cryptographer, and computer pioneer, looked to the future: now that the conceptual and technical parameters for electronic brains had been established, what kind of intelligence could be built? Should machine intelligence mimic the abstract thinking of a chess player or should it be more like the developing mind of a child? Should an intelligent agent only think, or should it also learn, feel, and grow? Affect and Artificial Intelligence is the first in-depth analysis of affect and intersubjectivity in the computational sciences. Elizabeth Wilson makes use of archival and unpublished material from the early years of AI (1945–70) until the present to show that early researchers were more engaged with questions of emotion than many commentators have assumed. She documents how affectivity was managed in the canonical works of Walter Pitts in the 1940s and Turing in the 1950s, in projects from the 1960s that injected artificial agents into psychotherapeutic encounters, in chess-playing machines from the 1940s to the present, and in the Kismet (sociable robotics) project at MIT in the 1990s. |
british logician founder of computer science: John Von Neumann and Norbert Wiener Steve J. Heims, 1980 . John von Neumann and Norbert Wiener were mathematician-scientists, both child prodigies born near the turn of the century. As young men each made profound contributions to abstract mathematics. |
british logician founder of computer science: Alan Turing David Boyle, 2014 |
british logician founder of computer science: Turing's Cathedral George Dyson, 2012 Documents the innovations of a group of eccentric geniuses who developed computer code in the mid-20th century as part of mathematician Alan Turin's theoretical universal machine idea, exploring how their ideas led to such developments as digital television, modern genetics and the hydrogen bomb. |
british logician founder of computer science: The Universal Machine Ian Watson, 2012-05-17 The computer unlike other inventions is universal; you can use a computer for many tasks: writing, composing music, designing buildings, creating movies, inhabiting virtual worlds, communicating... This popular science history isn't just about technology but introduces the pioneers: Babbage, Turing, Apple's Wozniak and Jobs, Bill Gates, Tim Berners-Lee, Mark Zuckerberg. This story is about people and the changes computers have caused. In the future ubiquitous computing, AI, quantum and molecular computing could even make us immortal. The computer has been a radical invention. In less than a single human life computers are transforming economies and societies like no human invention before. |
british logician founder of computer science: Logic, Deductive and Inductive Carveth Read, 1901 |
british logician founder of computer science: Introduction to Mathematical Logic Alonzo Church, 1996 A classic account of mathematical logic from a pioneering giant in the field Logic is sometimes called the foundation of mathematics: the logician studies the kinds of reasoning used in the individual steps of a proof. Alonzo Church was a pioneer in the field of mathematical logic, whose contributions to number theory and the theories of algorithms and computability laid the theoretical foundations of computer science. His first Princeton book, The Calculi of Lambda-Conversion (1941), established an invaluable tool that computer scientists still use today. Even beyond the accomplishment of that book, however, his second Princeton book, Introduction to Mathematical Logic, defined its subject for a generation. Originally published in Princeton's Annals of Mathematics Studies series, this book was revised in 1956 and reprinted a third time, in 1996, in the Princeton Landmarks in Mathematics series. Although new results in mathematical logic have been developed and other textbooks have been published, it remains, sixty years later, a basic source for understanding formal logic. Church was one of the principal founders of the Association for Symbolic Logic; he founded the Journal of Symbolic Logic in 1936 and remained an editor until 1979. At his death in 1995, Church was still regarded as the greatest mathematical logician in the world. |
british logician founder of computer science: Reflections of Alan Turing Dermot Turing, 2021-04-22 Everyone knows the story of the codebreaker and computer science pioneer Alan Turing. Except ... When Dermot Turing is asked about his famous uncle, people want to know more than the bullet points of his life. They want to know everything – was Alan Turing actually a codebreaker? What did he make of artificial intelligence? What is the significance of Alan Turing's trial, his suicide, the Royal Pardon, the £50 note and the film The Imitation Game? In Reflections of Alan Turing, Dermot strips off the layers to uncover the real story. It's time to discover a fresh legacy of Alan Turing for the twenty-first century. |
british logician founder of computer science: Mathematical Logic R.O. Gandy, C.E.M. Yates, 2001-12-05 Mathematical Logic is a collection of the works of one of the leading figures in 20th-century science. This collection of A.M. Turing's works is intended to include all his mature scientific writing, including a substantial quantity of unpublished material. His work in pure mathematics and mathematical logic extended considerably further; the work of his last years, on morphogenesis in plants, is also of the greatest originality and of permanent importance. This book is divided into three parts. The first part focuses on computability and ordinal logics and covers Turing's work between 1937 and 1938. The second part covers type theory; it provides a general introduction to Turing's work on type theory and covers his published and unpublished works between 1941 and 1948. Finally, the third part focuses on enigmas, mysteries, and loose ends. This concluding section of the book discusses Turing's Treatise on the Enigma, with excerpts from the Enigma Paper. It also delves into Turing's papers on programming and on minimum cost sequential analysis, featuring an excerpt from the unpublished manuscript. This book will be of interest to mathematicians, logicians, and computer scientists. |
british logician founder of computer science: The Life and Work of George Boole Des MacHale, 2014 First edition published in 1985 as: George Boole: his life and work. Dublin: Boole Press, 1985. |
british logician founder of computer science: The Calculi of Lambda-conversion Alonzo Church, 1985-01-21 The description for this book, The Calculi of Lambda Conversion. (AM-6), Volume 6, will be forthcoming. |
british logician founder of computer science: Alan Turing S. Barry Cooper, J. van Leeuwen, 2013-03-18 In this 2013 winner of the prestigious R.R. Hawkins Award from the Association of American Publishers, as well as the 2013 PROSE Awards for Mathematics and Best in Physical Sciences & Mathematics, also from the AAP, readers will find many of the most significant contributions from the four-volume set of the Collected Works of A. M. Turing. These contributions, together with commentaries from current experts in a wide spectrum of fields and backgrounds, provide insight on the significance and contemporary impact of Alan Turing's work. Offering a more modern perspective than anything currently available, Alan Turing: His Work and Impact gives wide coverage of the many ways in which Turing's scientific endeavors have impacted current research and understanding of the world. His pivotal writings on subjects including computing, artificial intelligence, cryptography, morphogenesis, and more display continued relevance and insight into today's scientific and technological landscape. This collection provides a great service to researchers, but is also an approachable entry point for readers with limited training in the science, but an urge to learn more about the details of Turing's work. - 2013 winner of the prestigious R.R. Hawkins Award from the Association of American Publishers, as well as the 2013 PROSE Awards for Mathematics and Best in Physical Sciences & Mathematics, also from the AAP - Named a 2013 Notable Computer Book in Computing Milieux by Computing Reviews - Affordable, key collection of the most significant papers by A.M. Turing - Commentary explaining the significance of each seminal paper by preeminent leaders in the field - Additional resources available online |
british logician founder of computer science: Minds and Computers Matt Carter, 2007-02-14 Could a computer have a mind? What kind of machine would this be? Exactly what do we mean by 'mind' anyway?The notion of the 'intelligent' machine, whilst continuing to feature in numerous entertaining and frightening fictions, has also been the focus of a serious and dedicated research tradition. Reflecting on these fictions, and on the research tradition that pursues 'Artificial Intelligence', raises a number of vexing philosophical issues. Minds and Computers introduces readers to these issues by offering an engaging, coherent, and highly approachable interdisciplinary introduction to the Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence.Readers are presented with introductory material from each of the disciplines which constitute Cognitive Science: Philosophy, Neuroscience, Psychology, Computer Science, and Linguistics. Throughout, readers are encouraged to consider the implications of this disparate and wide-ranging material for the possibility of developing machines with minds. And they can expect to de |
british logician founder of computer science: Foundation Mathematics for Computer Science John Vince, 2015-07-27 John Vince describes a range of mathematical topics to provide a foundation for an undergraduate course in computer science, starting with a review of number systems and their relevance to digital computers, and finishing with differential and integral calculus. Readers will find that the author's visual approach will greatly improve their understanding as to why certain mathematical structures exist, together with how they are used in real-world applications. Each chapter includes full-colour illustrations to clarify the mathematical descriptions, and in some cases, equations are also coloured to reveal vital algebraic patterns. The numerous worked examples will consolidate comprehension of abstract mathematical concepts. Foundation Mathematics for Computer Science covers number systems, algebra, logic, trigonometry, coordinate systems, determinants, vectors, matrices, geometric matrix transforms, differential and integral calculus, and reveals the names of the mathematicians behind such inventions. During this journey, John Vince touches upon more esoteric topics such as quaternions, octonions, Grassmann algebra, Barycentric coordinates, transfinite sets and prime numbers. Whether you intend to pursue a career in programming, scientific visualisation, systems design, or real-time computing, you should find the author’s literary style refreshingly lucid and engaging, and prepare you for more advanced texts. |
british logician founder of computer science: Natural Wonders Every Child Should Know Edwin Tenney Brewster, 1912 |
british logician founder of computer science: Turing's Legacy Rod Downey, 2014-05-01 Alan Turing was an inspirational figure who is now recognised as a genius of modern mathematics. In addition to leading the Allied forces' code-breaking effort at Bletchley Park in World War II, he proposed the theoretical foundations of modern computing and anticipated developments in areas from information theory to computer chess. His ideas have been extraordinarily influential in modern mathematics and this book traces such developments by bringing together essays by leading experts in logic, artificial intelligence, computability theory and related areas. Together, they give insight into this fascinating man, the development of modern logic, and the history of ideas. The articles within cover a diverse selection of topics, such as the development of formal proof, differing views on the Church–Turing thesis, the development of combinatorial group theory, and Turing's work on randomness which foresaw the ideas of algorithmic randomness that would emerge many years later. |
british logician founder of computer science: A to Z of Computer Scientists, Updated Edition Harry Henderson, 2020-01-01 Praise for the previous edition: Entries are written with enough clarity and simplicity to appeal to general audiences. The additional readings that end each profile give excellent pointers for more detailed information...Recommended.—Choice This well-written collection of biographies of the most important contributors to the computer world...is a valuable resource for those interested in the men and women who were instrumental in making the world we live in today. This is a recommended purchase for reference collections.—American Reference Books Annual ...this one is recommended for high-school, public, and undergraduate libraries.—Booklist The significant role that the computer plays in the business world, schools, and homes speaks to the impact it has on our daily lives. While many people are familiar with the Internet, online shopping, and basic computer technology, the scientists who pioneered this digital age are generally less well-known. A to Z of Computer Scientists, Updated Edition features 136 computer pioneers and shows the ways in which these individuals developed their ideas, overcame technical and institutional challenges, collaborated with colleagues, and created products or institutions of lasting importance. The cutting-edge, contemporary entries explore a diverse group of inventors, scientists, entrepreneurs, and visionaries in the computer science field. People covered include: Grace Hopper (1906–1992) Dennis Ritchie (1941–2011) Brian Kernighan (1942–present) Howard Rheingold (1947–present) Bjarne Stroustrup (1950–present) Esther Dyson (1951–present) Silvio Micali (1954–present) Jeff Bezos (1964–present) Pierre Omidyar (1967–present) Jerry Yang (1968–present) |
british logician founder of computer science: History of Computer Science Georg E. Schäfer, 2020-09-15 The history of Computer Science is a picture of dramatic changes. European Scientists discovered many basic methods needed for computing. American companies saw the commercial potential. Asian factories produce first class products like mobile devices. Chinese supercomputing is one of the leaders in the race to exascale computing power. Freedom of information, Open Data and Open Government are impossible without open Internet and net neutrality. Privacy and security issues become important human rights while all of our avatars collect myriads of data and know more about us than we know ourselves. Cloud Computing is the key for commercial organization of computing in the future. Everyone needs orientation in this fast changing world. A look into the history of computer science provides help to understand ICT technology of today. |
british logician founder of computer science: Histories of Computing Michael Sean Mahoney, 2011-06-20 Computer technology is pervasive in the modern world, its role ever more important as it becomes embedded in a myriad of physical systems and disciplinary ways of thinking. The late Michael Sean Mahoney was a pioneer scholar of the history of computing, one of the first established historians of science to take seriously the challenges and opportunities posed by information technology to our understanding of the twentieth century. MahoneyÕs work ranged widely, from logic and the theory of computation to the development of software and applications as craft-work. But it was always informed by a unique perspective derived from his distinguished work on the history of medieval mathematics and experimental practice during the Scientific Revolution. His writings offered a new angle on very recent events and ideas and bridged the gaps between academic historians and computer scientists. Indeed, he came to believe that the field was irreducibly pluralistic and that there could be only histories of computing. In this collection, Thomas Haigh presents thirteen of MahoneyÕs essays and papers organized across three categories: historiography, software engineering, and theoretical computer science. His introduction surveys MahoneyÕs work to trace the development of key themes, illuminate connections among different areas of his research, and put his contributions into context. The volume also includes an essay on Mahoney by his former students Jed Z. Buchwald and D. Graham Burnett. The result is a landmark work, of interest to computer professionals as well as historians of technology and science. |
british logician founder of computer science: The Turing Guide Jack Copeland, Jonathan Bowen, Mark Sprevak, Robin Wilson, 2017-02-16 Alan Turing has long proved a subject of fascination, but following the centenary of his birth in 2012, the code-breaker, computer pioneer, mathematician (and much more) has become even more celebrated with much media coverage, and several meetings, conferences and books raising public awareness of Turing's life and work. This volume will bring together contributions from some of the leading experts on Alan Turing to create a comprehensive guide to Turing that will serve as a useful resource for researchers in the area as well as the increasingly interested general reader. The book will cover aspects of Turing's life and the wide range of his intellectual activities, including mathematics, code-breaking, computer science, logic, artificial intelligence and mathematical biology, as well as his subsequent influence. |
british logician founder of computer science: Mathematics for Computer Science Eric Lehman, F. Thomson Leighton, Albert R. Meyer, 2017-03-08 This book covers elementary discrete mathematics for computer science and engineering. It emphasizes mathematical definitions and proofs as well as applicable methods. Topics include formal logic notation, proof methods; induction, well-ordering; sets, relations; elementary graph theory; integer congruences; asymptotic notation and growth of functions; permutations and combinations, counting principles; discrete probability. Further selected topics may also be covered, such as recursive definition and structural induction; state machines and invariants; recurrences; generating functions. |
british logician founder of computer science: The Annotated Turing Charles Petzold, 2008-06-16 Programming Legend Charles Petzold unlocks the secrets of the extraordinary and prescient 1936 paper by Alan M. Turing Mathematician Alan Turing invented an imaginary computer known as the Turing Machine; in an age before computers, he explored the concept of what it meant to be computable, creating the field of computability theory in the process, a foundation of present-day computer programming. The book expands Turing’s original 36-page paper with additional background chapters and extensive annotations; the author elaborates on and clarifies many of Turing’s statements, making the original difficult-to-read document accessible to present day programmers, computer science majors, math geeks, and others. Interwoven into the narrative are the highlights of Turing’s own life: his years at Cambridge and Princeton, his secret work in cryptanalysis during World War II, his involvement in seminal computer projects, his speculations about artificial intelligence, his arrest and prosecution for the crime of gross indecency, and his early death by apparent suicide at the age of 41. |
british logician founder of computer science: Turing B. Jack Copeland, 2014 B. Jack Copeland celebrates the life and work of one of the greatest scientists of the 20th century. Best known for the role he played in cracking German secret code Enigma during World War Two, and the personal tragedy of his death aged only 41, this is an insight into to the man, his work, and his legacy. |
british logician founder of computer science: Geniuses at War David A. Price, 2021-06-22 The dramatic, untold story of the brilliant team whose feats of innovation and engineering created the world’s first digital electronic computer—decrypting the Nazis’ toughest code, helping bring an end to WWII, and ushering in the information age. • Winner, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Middleton Award for a book ... that both exemplifies exceptional scholarship and reaches beyond academic communities toward a broad public audience. • A Kirkus Best Book of 2022 • Planning the invasion of Normandy, the Allies knew that decoding the communications of the Nazi high command was imperative for its success. But standing in their way was an encryption machine they called Tunny (British English for “tuna”), which was vastly more difficult to crack than the infamous Enigma cipher. To surmount this seemingly impossible challenge, Alan Turing, the Enigma codebreaker, brought in a maverick English working-class engineer named Tommy Flowers who devised the ingenious, daring, and controversial plan to build a machine that would calculate at breathtaking speed and break the code in nearly real time. Together with the pioneering mathematician Max Newman, Flowers and his team produced—against the odds, the clock, and a resistant leadership—Colossus, the world’s first digital electronic computer, the machine that would help bring the war to an end. Drawing upon recently declassified sources, David A. Price’s Geniuses at War tells, for the first time, the full mesmerizing story of the great minds behind Colossus and chronicles the remarkable feats of engineering genius that marked the dawn of the digital age. |
british logician founder of computer science: The Climate Demon R. Saravanan, 2021-10-21 An introduction to the complex world of climate models that explains why we should trust their predictions despite the uncertainties. |
british logician founder of computer science: A Chronicle of Permutation Statistical Methods Kenneth J. Berry, Janis E. Johnston, Paul W. Mielke Jr., 2014-04-11 The focus of this book is on the birth and historical development of permutation statistical methods from the early 1920s to the near present. Beginning with the seminal contributions of R.A. Fisher, E.J.G. Pitman, and others in the 1920s and 1930s, permutation statistical methods were initially introduced to validate the assumptions of classical statistical methods. Permutation methods have advantages over classical methods in that they are optimal for small data sets and non-random samples, are data-dependent, and are free of distributional assumptions. Permutation probability values may be exact, or estimated via moment- or resampling-approximation procedures. Because permutation methods are inherently computationally-intensive, the evolution of computers and computing technology that made modern permutation methods possible accompanies the historical narrative. Permutation analogs of many well-known statistical tests are presented in a historical context, including multiple correlation and regression, analysis of variance, contingency table analysis, and measures of association and agreement. A non-mathematical approach makes the text accessible to readers of all levels. |
british logician founder of computer science: ENIAC in Action Thomas Haigh, Peter Mark Priestley, Crispin Rope, 2016-02-05 This work explores the conception, design, construction, use, and afterlife of ENIAC, the first general purpose digital electronic computer. |
british logician founder of computer science: The A to Z of Logic Harry J. Gensler, 2010 The A to Z of Logic introduces the central concepts of the field in a series of brief, non-technical, cross-referenced dictionary entries. The 352 alphabetically arranged entries give a clear, basic introduction to a very broad range of logical topics. Entries can be found on deductive systems, such as propositional logic, modal logic, deontic logic, temporal logic, set theory, many-valued logic, mereology, and paraconsistent logic. Similarly, there are entries on topics relating to those previously mentioned such as negation, conditionals, truth tables, and proofs. Historical periods and figures are also covered, including ancient logic, medieval logic, Buddhist logic, Aristotle, Ockham, Boole, Frege, Russell, Gödel, and Quine. There are even entries relating logic to other areas and topics, like biology, computers, ethics, gender, God, psychology, metaphysics, abstract entities, algorithms, the ad hominem fallacy, inductive logic, informal logic, the liar paradox, metalogic, philosophy of logic, and software for learning logic. In addition to the dictionary, there is a substantial chronology listing the main events in the history of logic, an introduction that sketches the central ideas of logic and how it has evolved into what it is today, and an extensive bibliography of related readings. This book is not only useful for specialists but also understandable to students and other beginners in the field. |
british logician founder of computer science: Studies in Logic Charles Sanders Peirce, 1883 |
british logician founder of computer science: A Basis for Theoretical Computer Science M.A. Arbib, A.J. Kfoury, R.N. Moll, 2012-12-06 Computer science seeks to provide a scientific basis for the study of inform a tion processing, the solution of problems by algorithms, and the design and programming of computers. The last forty years have seen increasing sophistication in the science, in the microelectronics which has made machines of staggering complexity economically feasible, in the advances in programming methodology which allow immense programs to be designed with increasing speed and reduced error, and in the development of mathematical techniques to allow the rigorous specification of program, process, and machine. The present volume is one of a series, The AKM Series in Theoretical Computer Science, designed to make key mathe matical developments in computer science readily accessible to under graduate and beginning graduate students. Specifically, this volume takes readers with little or no mathematical background beyond high school algebra, and gives them a taste of a number of topics in theoretical computer science while laying the mathematical foundation for the later, more detailed, study of such topics as formal language theory, computability theory, programming language semantics, and the study of program verification and correctness. Chapter 1 introduces the basic concepts of set theory, with special emphasis on functions and relations, using a simple algorithm to provide motivation. Chapter 2 presents the notion of inductive proof and gives the reader a good grasp on one of the most important notions of computer science: the recursive definition of functions and data structures. |
british logician founder of computer science: Historical Dictionary of Logic Harry J. Gensler, 2006 Historical Dictionary of Logic contains a dictionary section of more than 300 entries on persons, concepts, theories, forms of logic, fields in which logic is used, and the many fallacies that can trap the unwary. It includes entries on historical periods and figures, including ancient logic, medieval logic, Buddhist logic, Aristotle, Ockham, Boole, Frege, Russell, Godel, and Quine. It also includes information on propositional logic, modal logic, deontic logic, temporal logic, set theory, many-valued logic, mereology, and para-consistent logic. A substantial chronology lists the main events in the history of logic, and an introduction sketches the central ideas and their evolution. The bibliography provides a broad range of additional reading.--BOOK JACKET. |
british logician founder of computer science: Gay Ethics Timothy F Murphy, 2013-04-03 Gay Ethics is an anthology that addresses ethical questions involving key moral issues of today--sexual morality, outing, gay and lesbian marriages, military service, anti-discrimination laws, affirmative action policies, the moral significance of sexual orientation research, and the legacy of homophobia in health care. It focuses on these issues within the social context of the lives of gay men and lesbians and makes evident the ways in which ethics can and should be reclaimed to pursue the moral good for gay men and lesbians. Gay Ethics is a timely book that illustrates the inadequacies of various moral arguments used in regard to homosexuality. This book reaches a new awareness for the standing and treatment of gay men and lesbians in society by moving beyond conventional philosophical analyses that focus exclusively on the morality of specific kinds of sexual acts, the nature of perversion, or the cogency of scientific accounts of the origins of homoeroticism. It raises pertinent questions about the meaning of sexuality for private and public life, civics, and science. Some of the issues covered: Sexual Morality Outing Same-Sex Marriage Military Service Anti-Discrimination Laws Affirmative Action Policy The Scientific Study of Sexual Orientation Bias in Psychoanalysis Homophobia in Health Care Gay Ethics presents a wide range of perspectives but remains united in the common purpose of illuminating moral arguments and social policies as they involve homosexuality. The chapters challenge social oppression in the military, civil rights, and the social conventions observed among gay men and lesbians themselves. This book is applicable to a broad range of academics working in gay and lesbian studies and because of its current content, is of interest to an educated lay public. It will be a standard reference point for future discussion of the matters it addresses. |
british logician founder of computer science: John Williamson Nevin Linden J. DeBie, 2023-09-21 John Williamson Nevin’s life has never been given the full attention that it deserves. That may be due in part to the controversial nature of his thinking. Yet in many respects, his enormous contribution to American religious history is acknowledged by those who have read him. He stood out as the great advocate of evangelical catholicism, and his call for a thorough examination of the place of the church in nineteenth-century theology was revolutionary. It was Nevin who first saw the threat to the church in the erosion of faith in the church as a divine institution sacramentally entrusted by God with the reclamation of the whole world—an erosion that occurred well before the Civil War in the hypersubjectivity of Protestant America. |
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Middle East - Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Dubai (UAE) are very popular locations for British expats. Discuss living and working in the Middle East.
"Dual citizenship" applying to ESTA - British Expats
Feb 12, 2025 · I've had an ESTA approved before having the British Citizenship, but this is the first time I'm applying after that. Last edited by lonsper; Feb 13th 2025 at 9:23 am . Reply
Europe - British Expats
Europe - Our hub for information about visiting, living, and working in European countries.
ARD Section 4L UK Citizenship Timeline - British Expats
Oct 26, 2024 · Citizenship/Passports and Spouse/Family Visas (UK) - ARD Section 4L UK Citizenship Timeline - Hi there, I've been following all the super useful threads on ARD / …
NEOM experience - British Expats
Apr 4, 2023 · Middle East - NEOM experience - To all those wondering whether they should head to NEOM or not, I have just returned after spending a few months in the mountainous desert.
Canada - British Expats
British ExPats Social Media. IBJoel on Oct 2nd 2017. Oct 2nd 2017 4:03 am by IBJoel. 0. 22,839. Read Me ...
Travel to UK, dual passport holder. What about the ETA?
Jan 21, 2025 · I'm travelling to the UK from the USA in about two weeks. In the past I've always used my US passport to travel (ie, I give my US passport details to the airline), and then …
British Expat Discussion Forum
May 30, 2025 · Welcome to the British Expats Forum. You are currently viewing our boards as a guest which gives you limited access to view most discussions and access our other features. …
Moving back or to the UK - British Expats
A forum for the discussion of visa/citizenship and GB passport topics related to British expats returning home with their families. (Please note: this section is NOT for the discussion of work …
USA - British Expats
May 3, 2025 · British ExPats Social Media. IBJoel on Oct 2nd 2017. Dec 3rd 2017 5:55 am by London Bill. 1. 24,255 ...
Middle East - British Expats
Middle East - Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Dubai (UAE) are very popular locations for British expats. Discuss living and working in the Middle East.
"Dual citizenship" applying to ESTA - British Expats
Feb 12, 2025 · I've had an ESTA approved before having the British Citizenship, but this is the first time I'm applying after that. Last edited by lonsper; Feb 13th 2025 at 9:23 am . Reply
Europe - British Expats
Europe - Our hub for information about visiting, living, and working in European countries.
ARD Section 4L UK Citizenship Timeline - British Expats
Oct 26, 2024 · Citizenship/Passports and Spouse/Family Visas (UK) - ARD Section 4L UK Citizenship Timeline - Hi there, I've been following all the super useful threads on ARD / …
NEOM experience - British Expats
Apr 4, 2023 · Middle East - NEOM experience - To all those wondering whether they should head to NEOM or not, I have just returned after spending a few months in the mountainous desert.