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| brief history of spain: A Brief History of Italy Jeremy Black, 2018-07-05 'Jeremy Black skilfully sketches social, cultural and political trends' - Christina Hardyment, Times audiobook of the week 'A remarkable mixture of cold history, wide culture and personal experience' Ciro Paoletti, Secretary General of the Italian Commission of Military History Despite the Roman Empire's famous 500-year reign over Europe, parts of Africa and the Middle East, Italy does not have the same long national history as states such as France or England. Divided for much of its history, Italy's regions have been, at various times, parts of bigger, often antagonistic empires, notably those of Spain and Austria. In addition, its challenging and varied terrain made consolidation of political control all the more difficult. This concise history covers, in very readable fashion, the formative events in Italy's past from the rise of Rome, through a unified country in thrall to fascism in the first half of the twentieth century right up to today. The birthplace of the Renaissance and the place where the Baroque was born, Italy has always been a hotbed of culture. Within modern Italy country there is fierce regional pride in the cultures and identities that mark out Tuscany, Rome, Sicily and Venice to name just a few of Italy's many famous regions. Jeremy Black draws on the diaries, memoirs and letters of historic travellers to Italy to gain insight into the passions of its people, first chronologically then regionally. In telling Italy's story, Black examines what it is that has given Italians such cultural clout - from food and drink, music and fashion, to art and architecture - and explores the causes and effects of political events, and the divisions that still exist today. |
| brief history of spain: España Giles Tremlett, 2022-09-20 A book of rich detail.”--The Wall Street Journal Bestselling author of Ghosts of Spain Giles Tremlett traverses the rich and varied history of Spain, from prehistoric times to today, in a brief, accessible primer with color illustrations throughout. Spain's position on Europe's southwestern corner has exposed the country to cultural, political, and literal winds blowing from all quadrants throughout the country's ancient history. Africa lies a mere nine miles to the south, separated by the Strait of Gibraltar-a mountain range struck, Spaniards believe, by Hercules, in an immaculate and divine display of strength. The Mediterranean connects Spain to the civilizational currents of Phoenicians, Romans, Carthaginians, and Byzantines as well as the Arabic lands of the near east. Hordes from the Russian steppes were amongst the first to arrive. They would be followed by Visigoths, Arabs, and Napoleonic armies and many more invaders and immigrants. Circular winds and currents extended its borders to the American continent, allowing it to conquer and colonize much of the New World as the first ever global empire. Spain, as we know it today, was made by generations-worth of changing peoples, worshipping Christian, Jewish, and Muslim gods over time. The foundation of its story has been drawn and debated, celebrated and reproached. Whenever it has tried to deny its heterogeneity and create a “pure” national identity, the narrative has proved impossible to maintain. In España, Giles Tremlett, who has lived in and written about Spain for over thirty years, swiftly traces every stretch of Spain's history to argue that a lack of a homogenous identity is Spain's defining trait. With gorgeous color images, España is perfect for lovers of Spain and fans of international history. |
| brief history of spain: Spain Pierre Vilar, 1967 |
| brief history of spain: A Concise History of Spain William D. Phillips, Jr, Carla Rahn Phillips, 2010-07 Engaging history of the rich cultural, social and political life of Spain from prehistoric times to the present. |
| brief history of spain: Spain, a Global History Luis Francisco Martinez Montes, 2018-11-12 From the late fifteenth to the nineteenth centuries, the Hispanic Monarchy was one of the largest and most diverse political communities known in history. At its apogee, it stretched from the Castilian plateau to the high peaks of the Andes; from the cosmopolitan cities of Seville, Naples, or Mexico City to Santa Fe and San Francisco; from Brussels to Buenos Aires and from Milan to Manila. During those centuries, Spain left its imprint across vast continents and distant oceans contributing in no minor way to the emergence of our globalised era. This was true not only in an economic sense-the Hispano-American silver peso transported across the Atlantic and the Pacific by the Spanish fleets was arguably the first global currency, thus facilitating the creation of a world economic system-but intellectually and artistically as well. The most extraordinary cultural exchanges took place in practically every corner of the Hispanic world, no matter how distant from the metropolis. At various times a descendant of the Aztec nobility was translating a Baroque play into Nahuatl to the delight of an Amerindian and mixed audience in the market of Tlatelolco; an Andalusian Dominican priest was writing the first Western grammar of the Chinese language in Fuzhou, a Chinese city that enjoyed a trade monopoly with the Spanish Philippines; a Franciscan friar was composing a piece of polyphonic music with lyrics in Quechua to be played in a church decorated with Moorish-style ceilings in a Peruvian valley; or a multi-ethnic team of Amerindian and Spanish naturalists was describing in Latin, Spanish and local vernacular languages thousands of medicinal plants, animals and minerals previously unknown to the West. And, most probably, at the same time that one of those exchanges were happening, the members of the School of Salamanca were laying the foundations of modern international law or formulating some of the first modern theories of price, value and money, Cervantes was writing Don Quixote, Velázquez was painting Las Meninas, or Goya was exposing both the dark and bright sides of the European Enlightenment. Actually, whenever we contemplate the galleries devoted to Velázquez, El Greco, Zurbarán, Murillo or Goya in the Prado Museum in Madrid; when we visit the National Palace in Mexico City, a mission in California, a Jesuit church in Rome or the Intramuros quarter in Manila; or when we hear Spanish being spoken in a myriad of accents in the streets of San Francisco, New Orleans or Manhattan we are experiencing some of the past and present fruits of an always vibrant and still expanding cultural community. As the reader can infer by now, this book is about how Spain and the larger Hispanic world have contributed to world history and in particular to the history of civilisation, not only at the zenith of the Hispanic Monarchy but throughout a much longer span of time. |
| brief history of spain: A History of Medieval Spain Joseph F. O'Callaghan, 2013-04-15 Medieval Spain is brilliantly recreated, in all its variety and richness, in this comprehensive survey. Likely to become the standard work in English, the book treats the entire Iberian Peninsula and all the people who inhabited it, from the coming of the Visigoths in the fifth century to the reign of Ferdinand and Isabella. Integrating a wealth of information about the diverse peoples, institutions, religions, and customs that flourished in the states that are now Spain and Portugal, Joseph F. O'Callaghan focuses on the continuing attempts to impose political unity on the peninsula. O'Callaghan divides his story into five compact historical periods and discusses political, social, economic, and cultural developments in each period. By treating states together, he is able to put into proper perspective the relationships among them, their similarities and differences, and the continuity of development from one period to the next. He gives proper attention to Spain's contacts with the rest of the medieval world, but his main concern is with the events and institutions on the peninsula itself. Illustrations, genealogical charts, maps, and an extensive bibliography round out a book that will be welcomed by scholars and student of Spanish and Portuguese history and literature, as well as by medievalists, as the fullest account to date of Spanish history in the Middle Ages. |
| brief history of spain: A History of the Jews in Christian Spain Yitzhak Baer, 1961 Volume II: In the second volume of his classic exploration of the Spanish-Jewish community, Baer covers such major historical events as the Spanish Inquisition and the Expulsion of the Jews from Spain. This work examines the effect of church policy on the Jewish population in the 15th century, and the points at which Jewish culture as a whole was altered by Spain's actions. |
| brief history of spain: Economic History of Spain Jaime Vicens Vives, 2015-12-08 This comprehensive account of the economic development of Spain, available for the first time in English, is generally regarded as a major achievement in Spanish historiography. It covers the entire history of Spain's economic and social evolution from prehistoric times to the end of the nineteenth century. The book originated from lectures given at the University of Barcelona by Jaime Vicens Vives, who has been called Spain’s greatest historian in recent decades. Aware of all the major interpretations of Spanish history, the author draws upon the recent research of Spanish, French, and American historians; yet to the overall picture he gives his own imprint. Originally published in 1969. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905. |
| brief history of spain: Ghosts of Spain Giles Tremlett, 2008-03-13 An eloquent odyssey through Spain's dark history journeys into the heart of the Spanish Civil War to examine the causes and consequences of a painful recent past, as well as its repercussions in terms of the discovery of mass graves containing victims of Franco's death squads and the lives of modern-day Spaniards. Reprint. |
| brief history of spain: Spain and Its World, 1500-1700 John Huxtable Elliott, 1989-01-01 It used to be said that the sun never set on the empire of the King of Spain. It was therefore appropriate that Emperor Charles V should have commissioned from Battista Agnese in 1543 a world map as a birthday present for his sixteen-year-old son, the future Philip II. This was the world as Charles V and his successors of the House of Austria knew it, a world crossed by the golden path of the treasure fleets that linked Spain to the riches of the Indies. It is this world, with Spain at its center, that forms the subject of this book. J.H. Elliott, the pre-eminent historian of early modern Spain and its world, originally published these essays in a variety of books and journals. They have here been grouped into four sections, each with an introduction outlining the circumstances in which they were written and offering additional reflections. The first section, on the American world, explores the links between Spain and its American possessions. The second section, The European World, extends beyond the Castilian center of the Iberian peninsula and its Catalan periphery to embrace sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Europe as a whole. In The World of the Court, the author looks at the character of the court of the Spanish Habsburgs and the perennially uneasy relationship between the world of political power and the world of arts and letters. The final section is devoted to the great historical question of the decline of Spain, a question that continues to resonate in the Anglo-American world of today. |
| brief history of spain: The Visigothic Code Visigoths, Samuel Parsons Scott, 2018-10-09 This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. |
| brief history of spain: The Spanish Civil War: A Very Short Introduction Helen Graham, 2005-03-24 Helen Graham highlights the domestic and international context of the Spanish Civil War, and reveals its origins in the political and cultural anxieties provoked by the rapid modernization of Europe. Using personal narratives, she combines a powerfully human account of the war an its aftermath with a disturbing ethical enquiry into its legacy for the 21st century.--BOOK JACKET. |
| brief history of spain: The Spanish Pacific, 1521-1815 Christina H. Lee, Ricardo Padrón, 2020 The Spanish Pacific designates the space Spain colonized or aspired to rule in Asia between 1521 -- with the arrival of Ferdinand Magellan -- and 1815 -- the end of the Manila-Acapulco galleon trade route. It encompasses what we identify today as the Philippines and the Marianas, but also Spanish America, China, Japan, and other parts of Asia that in the Spanish imagination were extensions of its Latin American colonies. This reader provides a selection of documents relevant to the encounters and entanglements that arose in the Spanish Pacific among Europeans, Spanish Americans, and Asians while highlighting the role of natives, mestizos, and women. A-first-of-its-kind, each of the documents in this collection was selected, translated into English, and edited by a different scholar in the field of early modern Spanish Pacific studies, who also provided commentary and bibliography. |
| brief history of spain: Spain Raymond Carr, 2000 One of the world's leading authorities on the history of Spain provides an authoritative overview of the vital role that country has played in the history of the Western world. of illustrations. 70 b&w illustrations. |
| brief history of spain: The History of Puerto Rico Rudolph Adams Van Middeldyk, 1903 Van Middledyk's work was the first major historical study of Puerto Rico in English. Van Middledyk advanced Puerto Rican historiography by building on the works of Brau, Coll y Toste, and Acosta, and by consulting early Spanish chronicles. A librarian at the Free Public Library of San Juan, Van Middledyk possessed knowledge of and access to considerable primary source material. His history is sympathetic to the Indians and highly critical of Spanish colonial administration. Coming in the wake of American military occupation, the book sought to explain and justify control of the island by the United States. |
| brief history of spain: The Spanish Army in North America 1700–1793 René Chartrand, 2011-11-20 Long before England established a serious presence in the New World, Spain had already established an overseas Empire. In North America, this included vast tracts of territory including most of what today comprises the states of Florida, Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Alabama, Illinois and California. In later years, as the British and the French came to expand their claims, they often came into conflict with the Spanish. The Spanish also played a significant part during the American Revolution, fighting against the British and drawing off forces needed to fight the Americans. This book covers all of the North American Spanish forces that fought in the campaigns of the 18th century. |
| brief history of spain: Kingdoms of Faith Brian A. Catlos, 2018-05-01 A magisterial, myth-dispelling history of Islamic Spain spanning the millennium between the founding of Islam in the seventh century and the final expulsion of Spain's Muslims in the seventeenth In Kingdoms of Faith, award-winning historian Brian A. Catlos rewrites the history of Islamic Spain from the ground up, evoking the cultural splendor of al-Andalus, while offering an authoritative new interpretation of the forces that shaped it. Prior accounts have portrayed Islamic Spain as a paradise of enlightened tolerance or the site where civilizations clashed. Catlos taps a wide array of primary sources to paint a more complex portrait, showing how Muslims, Christians, and Jews together built a sophisticated civilization that transformed the Western world, even as they waged relentless war against each other and their coreligionists. Religion was often the language of conflict, but seldom its cause -- a lesson we would do well to learn in our own time. |
| brief history of spain: An American Language Rosina Lozano, 2018-04-24 This is the most comprehensive book I’ve ever read about the use of Spanish in the U.S. Incredible research. Read it to understand our country. Spanish is, indeed, an American language.—Jorge Ramos An American Language is a tour de force that revolutionizes our understanding of U.S. history. It reveals the origins of Spanish as a language binding residents of the Southwest to the politics and culture of an expanding nation in the 1840s. As the West increasingly integrated into the United States over the following century, struggles over power, identity, and citizenship transformed the place of the Spanish language in the nation. An American Language is a history that reimagines what it means to be an American—with profound implications for our own time. |
| brief history of spain: History of the Indies Bartolomé de las Casas, 1971 |
| brief history of spain: Spain In Our Hearts Adam Hochschild, 2016-03-29 A NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER. A sweeping history of the Spanish Civil War, told through a dozen characters, including Hemingway and George Orwell: A tale of idealism, heartbreaking suffering, and a noble cause that failed. For three crucial years in the 1930s, the Spanish Civil War dominated headlines in America and around the world, as volunteers flooded to Spain to help its democratic government fight off a fascist uprising led by Francisco Franco and aided by Hitler and Mussolini. Today we're accustomed to remembering the war through Hemingway’s For Whom the Bell Tolls and Robert Capa’s photographs. But Adam Hochschild has discovered some less familiar yet far more compelling characters who reveal the full tragedy and importance of the war: a fiery nineteen-year-old Kentucky woman who went to wartime Spain on her honeymoon, a Swarthmore College senior who was the first American casualty in the battle for Madrid, a pair of fiercely partisan, rivalrous New York Times reporters who covered the war from opposites sides, and a swashbuckling Texas oilman with Nazi sympathies who sold Franco almost all his oil — at reduced prices, and on credit. It was in many ways the opening battle of World War II, and we still have much to learn from it. Spain in Our Hearts is Adam Hochschild at his very best. “With all due respect to Orwell, Spain in Our Hearts should supplant Homage to Catalonia as the best introduction to the conflict written in English. A humane and moving book.—New Republic “Excellent and involving . . . What makes [Hochschild’s] book so intimate and moving is its human scale.” — Dwight Garner, New York Times |
| brief history of spain: The Spanish Frontier in North America David J. Weber, 2009-03-17 Winner of the 1993 Western Heritage Award given by the National Cowboy Hall of Fame, here is a definitive history of the Spanish colonial period in North America. Authoritative and colorful, the volume focuses on both the Spaniards' impact on Native Americans and the effect of North Americans on Spanish settlers. Splendid.--New York Times Book Review. |
| brief history of spain: Franco's Crypt Jeremy Treglown, 2013-08-13 An open-minded and clear-eyed reexamination of the cultural artifacts of Franco's Spain True, false, or both? Spain's 1939-75 dictator, Francisco Franco, was a pioneer of water conservation and sustainable energy. Pedro Almodóvar is only the most recent in a line of great antiestablishment film directors who have worked continuously in Spain since the 1930s. As early as 1943, former Republicans and Nationalists were collaborating in Spain to promote the visual arts, irrespective of the artists' political views. Censorship can benefit literature. Memory is not the same thing as history. Inside Spain as well as outside, many believe-wrongly-that under Franco's fascist dictatorship, nothing truthful or imaginatively worthwhile could be said or written or shown. In his groundbreaking new book, Franco's Crypt: Spanish Culture and Memory Since 1936, Jeremy Treglown argues that oversimplifications like these of a complicated, ambiguous actuality have contributed to a separate falsehood: that there was and continues to be a national pact to forget the evils for which Franco's side (and, according to this version, his side alone) was responsible. The myth that truthfulness was impossible inside Franco's Spain may explain why foreign narratives (For Whom the Bell Tolls, Homage to Catalonia) have seemed more credible than Spanish ones. Yet La Guerra de España was, as its Spanish name asserts, Spain's own war, and in recent years the country has begun to make a more public attempt to reclaim its modern history of fascism. How it is doing so, and the role played in the process by notions of historical memory, are among the subjects of this wide-ranging and challenging book. Franco's Crypt reveals that despite state censorship, events of the time were vividly recorded. Treglown looks at what's actually there-monuments, paintings, public works, novels, movies, video games-and considers, in a captivating narrative, the totality of what it shows. The result is a much-needed reexamination of a history we only thought we knew. |
| brief history of spain: World Without End Hugh Thomas, 2015-08-11 Following Rivers of Gold and The Golden Empire and building on five centuries of scholarship, World Without End is the epic conclusion of an unprecedented three-volume history of the Spanish Empire from “one of the most productive and wide-ranging historians of modern times” (The New York Times Book Review). The legacy of imperial Spain was shaped by many hands. But the dramatic human story of the extraordinary projection of Spanish might in the second half of the sixteenth century has never been fully told—until now. In World Without End, Hugh Thomas chronicles the lives, loves, conflicts, and conquests of the complex men and women who carved up the Americas for the glory of Spain. Chief among them is the towering figure of King Philip II, the cultivated Spanish monarch whom a contemporary once called “the arbiter of the world.” Cheerful and pious, he inherited vast authority from his father, Emperor Charles V, but nevertheless felt himself unworthy to wield it. His forty-two-year reign changed the face of the globe forever. Alongside Philip we find the entitled descendants of New Spain’s original explorers—men who, like their king, came into possession of land they never conquered and wielded supremacy they never sought. Here too are the Roman Catholic religious leaders of the Americas, whose internecine struggles created possibilities that the emerging Jesuit order was well-positioned to fill. With the sublime stories of arms and armadas, kings and conquistadors come tales of the ridiculous: the opulent parties of New Spain’s wealthy hedonists and the unexpected movement to encourage Philip II to conquer China. Finally, Hugh Thomas unearths the first indictments of imperial Spain’s labor rights abuses in the Americas—and the early attempts by its more enlightened rulers and planters to address them. Written in the brisk, flowing narrative style that has come to define Hugh Thomas’s work, the final volume of this acclaimed trilogy stands alone as a history of an empire making the transition from conquest to inheritance—a history that Thomas reveals through the fascinating lives of the people who made it. Praise for World Without End “Readers will not find a more reliable guide to the maturing Spanish Empire. . . . World Without End reminds us that the far-flung Spanish Empire was the work of many minds and hands, and by the end their myriad stories carry a cumulative charge.”—The New York Times Book Review “A sweeping, encyclopedic history of the arrogance, ambition, and ideology that fueled the quest for empire.”—Kirkus Reviews “Literary power is a vital part of a great historian’s armoury. As in his earlier books, Thomas demonstrates here that he has this in abundance.”—Financial Times “A vivid climax to Hugh Thomas’s three-volume history of imperial Spain.”—The Telegraph “Thomas clearly excels in the Spanish history of religion, politics, and culture, [and] successfully shows that Spain’s global ambition knew no bounds.”—Publishers Weekly |
| brief history of spain: Don Quixote Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, 1901 |
| brief history of spain: The Ornament of the World Maria Rosa Menocal, 2009-11-29 This classic bestseller — the inspiration for the PBS series — is an illuminating and even inspiring portrait of medieval Spain that explores the golden age when Muslims, Jews, and Christians lived together in an atmosphere of tolerance (Los Angeles Times). This enthralling history, widely hailed as a revelation of a lost golden age, brings to vivid life the rich and thriving culture of medieval Spain, where for more than seven centuries Muslims, Jews, and Christians lived together in an atmosphere of tolerance, and where literature, science, and the arts flourished. It is no exaggeration to say that what we presumptuously call 'Western' culture is owed in large measure to the Andalusian enlightenment...This book partly restores a world we have lost. —Christopher Hitchens, The Nation |
| brief history of spain: The Spanish Tercios 1536–1704 Ignacio J.N. López, 2012-07-24 A mixed infantry formation made up of about 3,000 men armed with pikes, swords and handguns, the innovative and influential tercio or 'Spanish square' was the basic combat unit of the armies of Spain throughout much of the 16th and 17th centuries. Arguably the first permanent tactical formation seen in Europe since the Roman cohort, the tercio was the forerunner of modern formations such as the battalion and regiment. The variety of different weapons fielded in the tercio meant the Spanish infantry could resist opposing cavalry forces while overcoming every kind of enemy infantry deployed against them. Featuring full-colour artwork and photographs of rare items held at the Spanish Army Museum, this study covers the whole period during which the tercios were active, opening with the third Italian war between the forces of France and the Holy Roman Emperor and concluding with the final transformation of the Spanish tercios into regiments in 1704. |
| brief history of spain: History of the New World Girolamo Benzoni, 1857 |
| brief history of spain: Fifth Sun Camilla Townsend, 2019 Fifth Sun offers a comprehensive history of the Aztecs, spanning the period before conquest to a century after the conquest, based on rarely-used Nahuatl-language sources written by the indigenous people. |
| brief history of spain: Letter Of Christopher Columbus To Rafael Sanchez, Written On Board The Caravel While Returning From His First Voyage Christopher Columbus, 2021-03-15 Letter Of Christopher Columbus To Rafael Sanchez, Written On Board The Caravel While Returning From His First Voyage has been considered by academicians and scholars of great significance and value to literature. This forms a part of the knowledge base for future generations. So that the book is never forgotten we have represented this book in a print format as the same form as it was originally first published. Hence any marks or annotations seen are left intentionally to preserve its true nature. |
| brief history of spain: The Doctrina Breve Juan de Zumárraga, 1928 |
| brief history of spain: One Hundred Years of Solitude Gabriel García Márquez, 2022-10-11 Netflix’s series adaptation of One Hundred Years of Solitude premieres December 11, 2024! One of the twentieth century’s enduring works, One Hundred Years of Solitude is a widely beloved and acclaimed novel known throughout the world and the ultimate achievement in a Nobel Prize–winning career. The novel tells the story of the rise and fall of the mythical town of Macondo through the history of the Buendía family. Rich and brilliant, it is a chronicle of life, death, and the tragicomedy of humankind. In the beautiful, ridiculous, and tawdry story of the Buendía family, one sees all of humanity, just as in the history, myths, growth, and decay of Macondo, one sees all of Latin America. Love and lust, war and revolution, riches and poverty, youth and senility, the variety of life, the endlessness of death, the search for peace and truth—these universal themes dominate the novel. Alternately reverential and comical, One Hundred Years of Solitude weaves the political, personal, and spiritual to bring a new consciousness to storytelling. Translated into dozens of languages, this stunning work is no less than an account of the history of the human race. |
| brief history of spain: Isabella of Castile Giles Tremlett, 2017-03-07 A major biography of the queen who transformed Spain into a principal global power, and sponsored the voyage that would open the New World. In 1474, when Castile was the largest, strongest, and most populous kingdom in Hispania (present day Spain and Portugal), a twenty-three-year-old woman named Isabella ascended the throne. At a time when successful queens regnant were few and far between, Isabella faced not only the considerable challenge of being a young, female ruler in an overwhelmingly male-dominated world, but also of reforming a major European kingdom riddled with crime, debt, corruption, and religious factionism. Her marriage to Ferdinand of Aragon united two kingdoms, a royal partnership in which Isabella more than held her own. Their pivotal reign was long and transformative, uniting Spain and setting the stage for its golden era of global dominance. Acclaimed historian Giles Tremlett chronicles the life of Isabella of Castile as she led her country out of the murky Middle Ages and harnessed the newest ideas and tools of the early Renaissance to turn her ill-disciplined, quarrelsome nation into a sharper, truly modern state with a powerful, clear-minded, and ambitious monarch at its center. With authority and insight he relates the story of this legendary, if controversial, first initiate in a small club of great European queens that includes Elizabeth I of England, Russia's Catherine the Great, and Britain's Queen Victoria. |
| brief history of spain: Empire by Default Ivan Musicant, 1998-02-15 The definitive version of the Spanish-American War as well as a dramatic account of America's emergence as a global power. |
| brief history of spain: The International Brigades Giles Tremlett, 2020-10-15 ** Shortlisted for the Military History Matters Book of the Year Award ** 'Magnificent. Narrative history at its vivid and compelling best' Fergal Keane The first major history of the International Brigades: a tale of blood, ideals and tragedy in the fight against fascism. The Spanish Civil War was the first armed battle in the fight against fascism, and a rallying cry for a generation. Over 35,000 volunteers from sixty-one countries around the world came to defend democracy against the troops of Franco, Hitler and Mussolini. Ill-equipped and disorderly, yet fuelled by a shared sense of purpose and potential glory, these disparate groups of idealistic young men and women formed a volunteer army of a size and type unseen since the Crusades, known as the International Brigades. Were they heroes or fools? Saints or bloodthirsty adventurers? And what exactly did they achieve? In this magisterial history, Giles Tremlett tells – for the first time – the story of the Spanish Civil War through the experiences of this remarkable group. Drawing on the Brigades' archives in Moscow, as well as first-hand accounts, The International Brigades captures all the human drama of a historic mission to halt fascist expansion in Europe. |
| brief history of spain: America in the World Jeffrey A. Engel, Mark Atwood Lawrence, Andrew Preston, 2014-04-06 A one-of-a-kind anthology of primary texts in American foreign relations How should America wield its enormous power beyond its borders? Should it adhere to grand principles or act on narrow self-interest? Should it partner with other nations or avoid entangling alliances? Americans have been grappling with questions like these throughout the nation's history, and especially since the emergence of the United States as a major world power in the late nineteenth century. America in the World illuminates this history by capturing the diverse voices and viewpoints of some of the most colorful and eloquent people who participated in these momentous debates. Spanning the era from the Gilded Age to the Obama years, this unique reader collects more than two hundred documents—everything from presidential addresses and diplomatic cables to political cartoons and song lyrics. It encompasses various phases of American diplomatic history that are typically treated separately, such as the First World War, the Cold War, and 9/11. The book presents the perspectives of elite policymakers—presidents, secretaries of state, generals, and diplomats—alongside those of other kinds of Americans, such as newspaper columnists, clergymen, songwriters, poets, and novelists. It also features numerous documents from other countries, illustrating how foreigners viewed America’s role in the world. Ideal for classroom use, America in the World sheds light on the complex interplay of political, economic, ideological, and cultural factors underlying the exercise of American power on the global stage. Includes more than two hundred documents from the late nineteenth century to today Looks at everything from presidential addresses to political cartoons and song lyrics Presents diverse perspectives, from elite policymakers to clergymen and novelists Features documents from outside the United States, illustrating how people in other countries viewed America’s role in the world |
| brief history of spain: The Spanish Daughter Lorena Hughes, 2021-12-28 “An engrossing, suspenseful family saga filled with unpredictable twists and turns.” —Chanel Cleeton, New York Times bestselling author of Next Year in Havana “With an equal mix of historical fiction, dramatic family conflict, and mystery, this tale should please fans of Christina Baker Kline, Lisa Wingate, and Kate Quinn.” —Booklist The Washington Post Books to Read Now | Ms. Magazine Reads for the Rest of Us | Bustle Most Anticipated Books | PopSugar Best Books | BiblioLifestyle Most Anticipated Historical Fiction Books | Book Riot Book Recommendations | Finer Things Book Lover Gifts They’ll Actually Love Perfect for fans of Julia Alvarez and Silvia Moreno-Garcia, this exhilarating novel transports you to the lush tropical landscape of 1920s Ecuador, blending family drama, dangerous mystery, and the real-life history of the coastal town known as the “birthplace of cacao.” As a child in Spain, Puri always knew her passion for chocolate was inherited from her father. But it’s not until his death that she learns of something else she’s inherited—a cocoa estate in Vinces, Ecuador, a town nicknamed “París Chiquito.” Eager to claim her birthright and filled with hope for a new life after the devastation of World War I, she and her husband Cristóbal set out across the Atlantic Ocean. But it soon becomes clear someone is angered by Puri’s claim to the estate… When a mercenary sent to murder her aboard the ship accidentally kills Cristóbal instead, Puri dons her husband’s clothes and assumes his identity, hoping to stay safe while she searches for the truth of her father’s legacy in Ecuador. Though freed from the rules that women are expected to follow, Puri confronts other challenges at the estate—newfound siblings, hidden affairs, and her father’s dark secrets. Then there are the dangers awakened by her attraction to an enigmatic man as she tries to learn the identity of an enemy who is still at large, threatening the future she is determined to claim… “A lush Ecuadoran cacao plantation is the setting for this imaginative historical drama filled with sibling rivalry and betrayals. Threaded throughout this dramatic family saga are descriptions of cocoa-making that will leave your mouth watering for chocolate.” – The Washington Post “A sweepingly elegant historical novel.” – Ms. Magazine “A lushly written story of bittersweet family secrets and betrayals.” —Andrea Penrose, author of Murder at the Royal Botanic Gardens “Passionate and suspenseful, The Spanish Daughter is a satisfying historical mystery set in a lush tropical land.” —Foreword Reviews STARRED REVIEW “Engrossing…As addictive as chocolate.” —Publishers Weekly “Richly captivating.” —Woman’s World “A fascinating historical.”—PopSugar |
| brief history of spain: Jews of Spain Jane S. Gerber, 1994-01-31 The history of the Jews of Spain is a remarkable story that begins in the remote past and continues today. For more than a thousand years, Sepharad (the Hebrew word for Spain) was home to a large Jewish community noted for its richness and virtuosity. Summarily expelled in 1492 and forced into exile, their tragedy of expulsion marked the end of one critical phase of their history and the beginning of another. Indeed, in defiance of all logic and expectation, the expulsion of the Jews from Spain became an occasion for renewed creativity. Nor have five hundred years of wandering extinguished the identity of the Sephardic Jews, or diminished the proud memory of the dazzling civilization, which they created on Spanish soil. This book is intended to serve as an introduction and scholarly guide to that history. |
| brief history of spain: Spain, a Brief History Pierre Vilar, 1977 |
| brief history of spain: The Alchemist Paulo Coelho, 2015-02-24 A special 25th anniversary edition of the extraordinary international bestseller, including a new Foreword by Paulo Coelho. Combining magic, mysticism, wisdom and wonder into an inspiring tale of self-discovery, The Alchemist has become a modern classic, selling millions of copies around the world and transforming the lives of countless readers across generations. Paulo Coelho's masterpiece tells the mystical story of Santiago, an Andalusian shepherd boy who yearns to travel in search of a worldly treasure. His quest will lead him to riches far different—and far more satisfying—than he ever imagined. Santiago's journey teaches us about the essential wisdom of listening to our hearts, of recognizing opportunity and learning to read the omens strewn along life's path, and, most importantly, to follow our dreams. |
| brief history of spain: The Myth of the Andalusian Paradise Dario Fernandez-Morera, 2023-07-11 A finalist for World Magazine's Book of the Year! Scholars, journalists, and even politicians uphold Muslim-ruled medieval Spain—al-Andalus—as a multicultural paradise, a place where Muslims, Christians, and Jews lived in harmony. There is only one problem with this widely accepted account: it is a myth. In this groundbreaking book, Northwestern University scholar Darío Fernández-Morera tells the full story of Islamic Spain. The Myth of the Andalusian Paradise shines light on hidden history by drawing on an abundance of primary sources that scholars have ignored, as well as archaeological evidence only recently unearthed. This supposed beacon of peaceful coexistence began, of course, with the Islamic Caliphate's conquest of Spain. Far from a land of religious tolerance, Islamic Spain was marked by religious and therefore cultural repression in all areas of life and the marginalization of Christians and other groups—all this in the service of social control by autocratic rulers and a class of religious authorities. The Myth of the Andalusian Paradise provides a desperately needed reassessment of medieval Spain. As professors, politicians, and pundits continue to celebrate Islamic Spain for its multiculturalism and diversity, Fernández-Morera sets the historical record straight—showing that a politically useful myth is a myth nonetheless. |
BRIEF Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of BRIEF is short in duration, extent, or length. How to use brief in a sentence.
BRIEF | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
BRIEF definition: 1. lasting only a short time or containing few words: 2. used to express how quickly time goes…. Learn more.
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1 day ago · While searching our database we found 1 possible solution for the: Brief scrap crossword clue. This crossword clue was last seen on June 15 2025 LA Times Crossword …
Brief - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms | Vocabulary.com
Something brief is short and to the point. If you make a brief visit, you don't stay long. If you make a brief statement, you use few words. If you wear brief shorts, you are showing a little too …
Brief - definition of brief by The Free Dictionary
1. short in duration: a brief holiday. 2. short in length or extent; scanty: a brief bikini. 3. abrupt in manner; brusque: the professor was brief with me this morning. 4. terse or concise; containing …
BRIEF definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
A brief speech or piece of writing does not contain too many words or details. In a brief statement, he concentrated entirely on international affairs. Write a very brief description of a typical …
brief adjective - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and ...
Definition of brief adjective in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more.
Brief vs. Debrief – What’s the Difference? - Writing Explained
As a noun, brief means a summary or short statement. “Did everyone read the brief I sent out via email?” asked the manager. As a verb , brief means to prepare someone by informing him or …
What does brief mean? - Definitions.net
What does brief mean? This dictionary definitions page includes all the possible meanings, example usage and translations of the word brief. An attorney's legal argument in written form …
brief - definition and meaning - Wordnik
Apr 8, 2014 · adjective Short in time, duration, length, or extent. adjective Succinct; concise. adjective Curt; abrupt. noun A short, succinct statement. noun A condensation or an abstract …
Religion, Community, and Culture in Medieval Spain - Boston …
you should post a brief entry to the Blackboard Learn Blog highlighting some of your thoughts on the document(s), book, or article on which you'll be leading discussion, including several …
History of Spain & Wine
Lagging behind, Spain saw a decline in the exportation of its wines. There was a brief respite when the phylloxera destroyed most of the European vineyards during the 19th century. It was …
A Brief History of the Armed Struggle of GRAPO in Spain
Encyclopedia of Anti-Revisionism On-Line * Spain Association of Relatives and Friends of Political Prisoners A Brief History of the Armed Struggle of GRAPO in Spain Published: The …
Bartolomé de las Casas A S A DESTRUCTION OF THE INDIES
Rico), Jamaica, Cuba, Nicaragua, New Spain (Mexico), the Yucatan, Guatemala, Venezuela, Peru, Granada and other small Caribbean islands, and “Florida,” referring to Spanish claims …
Spain Study 1 - Marines.mil
Spain and the United States 265 Spain and Latin America 267 Gibraltar, Ceuta, and Melilla 269 Spain and the Middle East 272 Spain and the Soviet Union 272 Spain and France 273 …
Spain during the Transition from Dictatorship to Democracy
Dec 22, 2008 · author of an excellent brief history of Spain over the last 25 years,10 was convinced of this and while at Oxford supervised a doctoral thesis by Julio Crespo MacLennan …
A Brief History of the Armed Struggle of GRAPO in Spain
Encyclopedia of Anti-Revisionism On-Line * Spain Association of Relatives and Friends of Political Prisoners A Brief History of the Armed Struggle of GRAPO in Spain Published: The …
A Brief History of the First Marines PCN 19000248100
A Brief History of the 1st Marines by Major John H. Johnstone, USMC First Printing 1962 Revised 1968 Historical Branch, G-3 Division Headquarters, U. S. Marine Corps
A Brief History of Ethnic Cleansing
A Brief History of Ethnic Cleansing After Hitler's megalomaniacal efforts began to collapse, advanc ing Russian armies in turn forced most Germans back in their path. What ensued was …
Reconquista and Spanish Inquisition - mrcaseyhistory
century, these kingdoms of Spain were invaded by Muslim forces from North Africa. Within a few years of this invasion, most of Spain was under Muslim control. In fact, the Muslims renamed …
A BRIEF HISTORY OF MICHIGAN - Michigan Legislature
A BRIEF HISTORY OF MICHIGAN Michigan Before the Europeans When French explorers first visited Michigan in the early seventeenth century, there were approximately 100,000 Native …
A Brief History of Cabeza de Vaca and La relación - Texas …
A Brief History of Cabeza de Vaca and La relación Álvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca was born into the Spanish aristocracy around 1490. He ... On June 17, 1527, the Panfilo de Narvaez …
Other books by Michael White include - Kufunda.net
A Brief History of Science The Case of the Missing Neutrinos: And Other Curious Phenomena of the Universe Companion to the Cosmos Empire of the Sun: Planets and Moons of the Solar …
BRIEF HISTORY OF KOREA JJK reformat - KOREA SOCIETY
This is a revised, updated version of my booklet, Brief History of Korea, published in 1994 by the Korean Educational Development Institute in Seoul. It is an outgrowth of my lectures to …
CHAPTER 1: A BRIEF HISTORY OF MERCURY AND ITS
A BRIEF HISTORY OF MERCURY AND ITS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT 3 FIG. 1-2.Global, historic primary production of Hg, and the total contribution from the two main mining sites in …
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• Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) – scalpel/laser (41786) •Medicare services in 2008: 1,296 ($585,792.00) State
A. BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF CAVITE
BRIEF PROVINCIAL PROFILE A. BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF CAVITE As early the Spanish regime, Cavite was already a significant area of interest. In particular, the colonizers …
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A Brief History of the Crusades - Sunday School Courses
The Crusades: A Brief History (1095-1291) Written by Robert Jones Acworth, Georgia 2004 Robert C. Jones . 2 Christian Theology and History Adult Sunday School Courses ... 711 …
TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange
A Brief History of the Iberian Peninsula, 711·1492 The Muslims from North Africa that came to settle present-day Spain were attracted to the region by the seemingly easy opportunity for …
A Brief History of Chocolate
To learn more, take a look at this brief but fascinating history of chocolate while you enjoy your latest order from Totally hocolate! 2000 Since its discovery by multiple peoples and cultures …
GDPR, PART I: HISTORY OF EUROPEAN DATA PROTECTION …
Part 1: A brief history of European data protection law and why it’s important to understanding the GDPR What is the GDPR and why is it important? The forthcoming GDPR1 is a new …
Spain, Spanish Morocco and Arab Policy - JSTOR
The ancient roots of Islam in Spanish history and culture are only part of the reason for Spain's present role as the friend of all Islamic states. ItJs the underlying reason indeed. But …
A BRIEF HISTORY OF HABSBURG SPAIN - nowtilus.com
A Brief History of Habsburg Spain explains the history of the Habsburg Dynasty by focusing on the monarchies of Charles V, Philip II, Philip III, Philip IV, and Char-les II. But beyond merely …
History of basketball - Los Angeles Mission College
History of basketball In early December 1891, Canadian American Dr. James Naismith, a physical education professor and instructor at the International Young Men's Christian Association …
History of St. Catherine - National Library of Jamaica
Brief History . St. Catherine is consideredas one o f the largest parishes in Jamaica. was named after the It Queen of Charles II who was on the throne of England when it was formed in 1660. …
The state and democracy in Spain: a historical overview
A proper understanding of this important characteristic of politics in Spain today therefore requires a brief overview of that state-building process. The creation and evolution of the Spanish state …
As I indicate in our ICUSTA Newsletter #2 2013, I had more …
The news brief is attached. Congratulations to our colleagues at ECUSTA for the excellent progress they have made in their brief history. SPAIN “Universidad Catolica de Avila” UCAV …
The state of development education in Spain: Initiatives, …
Given this general scenario, the objective of this article is to give a brief history of DE in Spain, analysing the initiatives that have arisen from the different participants (public bodies, NGDOs, …
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PREFACE. AttheoutbreakoftheSpanish-American WarIthoughtofgatheringallthefactsrelative totheconflict.Havingrecordedeachincident assoonasitwasconfirmed,Iamabletopresent ...
Country Brief: SPAIN - Transparency International Defence
SPAIN Country Brief: 2. GOVERNMENT DEFENCE INTEGRITY INDEX Amid political instability and rising support for far-right parties, Spain has been confronted with a series of serious …
REVIEW A brief history and future prospects of contraception …
A brief history and future prospects of contraception Deborah J. Anderson1* and Daniel S. Johnston2,3,4 Modern contraception ushered in an era of improved family planning, but more …
europe - OAPEN
a brief history of islam in europe maurits s.berger thirteen centuries of creed, conflict and coexistence
Christian Life Community (DH-CLC) A Brief History
In the summer of 2018, on his way to retirement in Spain, fr. Elizalde Thành stopped by the United States and introduced the Spiritual Exercises in Daily Life (SEDL) to the Đồng Hành …
ENGLISH INFORMATION Brief history of BOOKLETS Temple …
The history of the Basilica is getting on in years, but . even more in milestones, as so much has gone on here. Brief history. 1882roject designed by Francisco P . de Paula del Villar. On 19 …
From The Bottom Up: The Farthingale - Spain...ish
A rief History of Undergarments: The Farthingale and the Pair of odies ... gale when the undergarment made the hop from Spain over to England. In its first Iberian iterations, the …
Mediated and Marginalised: Translations of Modern and …
Abstract The history and reception of translations of modern and contemporary Chinese literature in Spain form the basis of the discussion in this article. Eighty-four translations of modern and …
A Brief History of México I. Early history - faculty.utrgv.edu
A Brief History of México I. Early history The first Mexicans are believed to have migrated from northwest Asia across the Bering ... had overthrown the restored king of Spain and that the …
World History Name: Score: /10 - Mr. Tredinnick's Class Site
back Spanish rule and the British left in 1764. The brief British occupation weakened Spain's grip on power and sparked rebellions and demands for independence. In 1781, Governor-General …
CHAPTER 1 Historical Overview - ASEAN Law Association
Philippine legal history may be categorized according to the various periods in the political history of the country: the pre-Spanish period (pre 1521); the ... By 1872, the Filipinos had revolted …
History of Swine History of Swine Production - University of …
History of Swine Production History of Swine • Ancestors – Asia and Europe – 25 million years ago • Domestication – 6,000 to 8,000 BC • Biblical accounts • Ancestors of today’s domestic …
THE JEWISH GOLDEN AGE OF SPAIN REVISITED - JSTOR
The history of the Jews in Spain has been characterised by the height of achievement and the depths of despair and hcmelessness. Broadly speaking, the golden age of Spanish Jewry can …
BRIEF HISTORY OF THE ACCODION - Gorka Hermosa
BRIEF HISTORY OF THE ACCODION Gorka Hermosa (February 2018) The accordion, despite being a very widespread instrument throughout the world, is a great unknown to the general …
Medieval Torture: A Brief History and Common Methods
History 101-001 . Dr. Marsh Jones . Medieval Torture: A Brief History and Common Methods . Torture did not become common practice during the Medieval or Middle Ages (500-1500 C.E) …
UNIT 7 • READING A TIMELINE OF DOMINICAN HISTORY
Spain and Portugal, the fi rst slaves are Hispanicized blacks known as ladinos. After the fi rst slaves arrive, many more are forcibly imported directly from Africa. 1600s Etching illustrates …
A BRIEF HISTORY OF ANIME CENSORSHIP IN THE UNITED …
dubbed lms were used in fascist Italy, Germany, and Spain in order to “foment a standardized language to strengthen linguistic and political unity” (p. 612) by censoring or eliminating dialects.
Background to PPP - PPIAF
nationalized - in Spain five out of twelve companies and in France, three out of four companies. (Module 6 -> Case Study -> France) In the USA, PPPs have played a much less prominent …
KOREA: BRIEF HISTORY AND CULTURE - sejong cultural …
BRIEF HISTORY AND CULTURE Lucy Park Executive Director, Sejong Cultural Society ... Spain, Germany), New Zealand, and Australia. Korean Movie “Oldboy” won Grand Prix at the 2004 …
© 2004 BY THE JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES - ResearchGate
Granada, Spain. He has done fieldwork in Sumatra, Indonesia, on development, social change, and the expansion of the oil industry, as well as in the U.S. and Spain on the history of drug …
