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| broken window theory sociology: Illusion of Order Bernard E. Harcourt, 2005-02-15 This is the first book to challenge the broken-windows theory of crime, which argues that permitting minor misdemeanors, such as loitering and vagrancy, to go unpunished only encourages more serious crime. The theory has revolutionized policing in the United States and abroad, with its emphasis on policies that crack down on disorderly conduct and aggressively enforce misdemeanor laws. The problem, argues Bernard Harcourt, is that although the broken-windows theory has been around for nearly thirty years, it has never been empirically verified. Indeed, existing data suggest that it is false. Conceptually, it rests on unexamined categories of law abiders and disorderly people and of order and disorder, which have no intrinsic reality, independent of the techniques of punishment that we implement in our society. How did the new order-maintenance approach to criminal justice--a theory without solid empirical support, a theory that is conceptually flawed and results in aggressive detentions of tens of thousands of our fellow citizens--come to be one of the leading criminal justice theories embraced by progressive reformers, policymakers, and academics throughout the world? This book explores the reasons why. It also presents a new, more thoughtful vision of criminal justice. |
| broken window theory sociology: Fixing Broken Windows George L. Kelling, Catherine M. Coles, 1997 Cites successful examples of community-based policing. |
| broken window theory sociology: Pockets of Crime Peter K. B. St. Jean, 2008-09-15 Why, even in the same high-crime neighborhoods, do robbery, drug dealing, and assault occur much more frequently on some blocks than on others? One popular theory is that a weak sense of community among neighbors can create conditions more hospitable for criminals, and another proposes that neighborhood disorder—such as broken windows and boarded-up buildings—makes crime more likely. But in his innovative new study, Peter K. B. St. Jean argues that we cannot fully understand the impact of these factors without considering that, because urban space is unevenly developed, different kinds of crimes occur most often in locations that offer their perpetrators specific advantages. Drawing on Chicago Police Department statistics and extensive interviews with both law-abiding citizens and criminals in one of the city’s highest-crime areas, St. Jean demonstrates that drug dealers and robbers, for example, are primarily attracted to locations with businesses like liquor stores, fast food restaurants, and check-cashing outlets. By accounting for these important factors of spatial positioning, he expands upon previous research to provide the most comprehensive explanation available of why crime occurs where it does. |
| broken window theory sociology: Palaces for the People Eric Klinenberg, 2018-09-11 “A comprehensive, entertaining, and compelling argument for how rebuilding social infrastructure can help heal divisions in our society and move us forward.”—Jon Stewart NAMED ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR BY NPR • “Engaging.”—Mayor Pete Buttigieg, The New York Times Book Review (Editors’ Choice) We are living in a time of deep divisions. Americans are sorting themselves along racial, religious, and cultural lines, leading to a level of polarization that the country hasn’t seen since the Civil War. Pundits and politicians are calling for us to come together and find common purpose. But how, exactly, can this be done? In Palaces for the People, Eric Klinenberg suggests a way forward. He believes that the future of democratic societies rests not simply on shared values but on shared spaces: the libraries, childcare centers, churches, and parks where crucial connections are formed. Interweaving his own research with examples from around the globe, Klinenberg shows how “social infrastructure” is helping to solve some of our most pressing societal challenges. Richly reported and ultimately uplifting, Palaces for the People offers a blueprint for bridging our seemingly unbridgeable divides. LONGLISTED FOR THE ANDREW CARNEGIE MEDAL FOR EXCELLENCE IN NONFICTION “Just brilliant!”—Roman Mars, 99% Invisible “The aim of this sweeping work is to popularize the notion of ‘social infrastructure'—the ‘physical places and organizations that shape the way people interact'. . . . Here, drawing on research in urban planning, behavioral economics, and environmental psychology, as well as on his own fieldwork from around the world, [Eric Klinenberg] posits that a community’s resilience correlates strongly with the robustness of its social infrastructure. The numerous case studies add up to a plea for more investment in the spaces and institutions (parks, libraries, childcare centers) that foster mutual support in civic life.”—The New Yorker “Palaces for the People—the title is taken from the Scottish-American industrialist and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie’s description of the hundreds of libraries he funded—is essentially a calm, lucid exposition of a centuries-old idea, which is really a furious call to action.”—New Statesman “Clear-eyed . . . fascinating.”—Psychology Today |
| broken window theory sociology: The Hidden Brain Shankar Vedantam, 2010-08-31 The hidden brain is the voice in our ear when we make the most important decisions in our lives—but we’re never aware of it. The hidden brain decides whom we fall in love with and whom we hate. It tells us to vote for the white candidate and convict the dark-skinned defendant, to hire the thin woman but pay her less than the man doing the same job. It can direct us to safety when disaster strikes and move us to extraordinary acts of altruism. But it can also be manipulated to turn an ordinary person into a suicide terrorist or a group of bystanders into a mob. In a series of compulsively readable narratives, Shankar Vedantam journeys through the latest discoveries in neuroscience, psychology, and behavioral science to uncover the darkest corner of our minds and its decisive impact on the choices we make as individuals and as a society. Filled with fascinating characters, dramatic storytelling, and cutting-edge science, this is an engrossing exploration of the secrets our brains keep from us—and how they are revealed. |
| broken window theory sociology: Cirque Du Freak: A Living Nightmare Darren Shan, 2008-08-01 From the Master of Horror comes the first gripping book in the twelve book New York Times bestselling Saga of Darren Shan. Start the tale from the beginning in the book that inspired the feature film The Vampire's Assistant and petrified devoted fans worldwide. A young boy named Darren Shan and his best friend, Steve, get tickets to the Cirque Du Freak, a wonderfully gothic freak show featuring weird, frightening half human/half animals who interact terrifyingly with the audience. In the midst of the excitement, true terror raises its head when Steve recognizes that one of the performers-- Mr. Crepsley-- is a vampire! Stever remains after the show finishes to confront the vampire-- but his motives are surprising! In the shadows of a crumbling theater, a horrified Darren eavesdrops on his friend and the vampire, and is witness to a monstrous, disturbing plea. As if by destiny, Darren is pulled to Mr. Crepsley and what follows is his horrifying descent into the dark and bloody world of vampires. This is the beginning of Darren's story. |
| broken window theory sociology: Resonance Hartmut Rosa, 2019-07-26 The pace of modern life is undoubtedly speeding up, yet this acceleration does not seem to have made us any happier or more content. If acceleration is the problem, then the solution, argues Hartmut Rosa in this major new work, lies in “resonance.” The quality of a human life cannot be measured simply in terms of resources, options, and moments of happiness; instead, we must consider our relationship to, or resonance with, the world. Applying his theory of resonance to many domains of human activity, Rosa describes the full spectrum of ways in which we establish our relationship to the world, from the act of breathing to the adoption of culturally distinct worldviews. He then turns to the realms of concrete experience and action – family and politics, work and sports, religion and art – in which we as late modern subjects seek out resonance. This task is proving ever more difficult as modernity’s logic of escalation is both cause and consequence of a distorted relationship to the world, at individual and collective levels. As Rosa shows, all the great crises of modern society – the environmental crisis, the crisis of democracy, the psychological crisis – can also be understood and analyzed in terms of resonance and our broken relationship to the world around us. Building on his now classic work on acceleration, Rosa’s new book is a major new contribution to the theory of modernity, showing how our problematic relation to the world is at the crux of some of the most pressing issues we face today. This bold renewal of critical theory for our times will be of great interest to students and scholars across the social sciences and humanities. |
| broken window theory sociology: The Explanation of Crime Per-Olof H. Wikström, Robert J. Sampson, 2006-11-30 Integration of disciplines, theories and research orientations has assumed a central role in criminological discourse yet it remains difficult to identify any concrete discoveries or significant breakthroughs for which integration has been responsible. Concentrating on three key concepts: context, mechanisms, and development, this volume aims to advance integrated scientific knowledge on crime causation by bringing together different scholarly approaches. Through an analysis of the roles of behavioural contexts and individual differences in crime causation, The Explanation of Crime seeks to provide a unified and focused approach to the integration of knowledge. Chapter topics range from individual genetics to family environments and from ecological behaviour settings to the macro-level context of communities and social systems. This is a comprehensive treatment of the problem of crime causation that will appeal to graduate students and researchers in criminology and be of great interest to policy-makers and practitioners in crime policy and prevention. |
| broken window theory sociology: The Sociology of Religion George Lundskow, 2008-06-10 Using a lively narrative, The Sociology of Religion is an insightful text that investigates the facts of religion in all its great diversity, including its practices and beliefs, and then analyzes actual examples of religious developments using relevant conceptual frameworks. As a result, students actively engage in the discovery, learning, and analytical processes as they progress through the text. Organized around essential topics and real-life issues, this unique text examines religion both as an object of sociological analysis as well as a device for seeking personal meaning in life. The book provides sociological perspectives on religion while introducing students to relevant research from interdisciplinary scholarship. Sidebar features and photographs of religious figures bring the text to life for readers. Key Features Uses substantive and truly contemporary real-life religious issues of current interest to engage the reader in a way few other texts do Combines theory with empirical examples drawn from the United States and around the world, emphasizing a critical and analytical perspective that encourages better understanding of the material presented Features discussions of emergent religions, consumerism, and the link between religion, sports, and other forms of popular culture Draws upon interdisciplinary literature, helping students appreciate the contributions of other disciplines while primarily developing an understanding of the sociology of religion Accompanied by High-Quality Ancillaries! Instructor Resources on CD contain chapter outlines, summaries, multiple-choice questions, essay questions, and short answer questions as well as illustrations from the book. C Intended Audience This core text is designed for upper-level undergraduate students of Sociology of Religion or Religion and Politics. |
| broken window theory sociology: Uneasy Peace Patrick Sharkey, 2019-02-05 From the late ’90s to the mid-2010s, American cities experienced an astonishing drop in violent crime, dramatically changing urban life. In many cases, places once characterized by decay and abandonment are now thriving, the fear of death by gunshot wound replaced by concern about skyrocketing rents. In Uneasy Peace, Patrick Sharkey, “the leading young scholar of urban crime and concentrated poverty” (Richard Florida, author of The Rise of the Creative Class and The New Urban Crisis) reveals the striking effects: improved school test scores, because children are better able to learn when not traumatized by nearby violence; better chances that poor children will rise into the middle class; and a marked increase in the life expectancy of African American men. Some of the forces that brought about safer streets—such as the intensive efforts made by local organizations to confront violence in their own communities—have been positive, Sharkey explains. But the drop in violent crime has also come at the high cost of aggressive policing and mass incarceration. From Harlem to South Los Angeles, Sharkey draws on original data and textured accounts of neighborhoods across the country to document the most successful proven strategies for combating violent crime and to lay out innovative and necessary approaches to the problem of violence. At a time when crime is rising again, the issue of police brutality has taken center stage, and powerful political forces seek to disinvest in cities, the insights in this book are indispensable. |
| broken window theory sociology: The Study of Sociology Herbert Spencer, 1874 |
| broken window theory sociology: Neighborhoods and Crime Robert J. Bursik, Harold G. Grasmick, 2002-01-07 This book is an excellent resource in examining the influence that community control can have on crime. |
| broken window theory sociology: The Oxford Handbook of Police and Policing Michael D. Reisig, Robert J. Kane, 2014-03-31 The police are perhaps the most visible representation of government. They are charged with what has been characterized as an impossible mandate -- control and prevent crime, keep the peace, provide public services -- and do so within the constraints of democratic principles. The police are trusted to use deadly force when it is called for and are allowed access to our homes in cases of emergency. In fact, police departments are one of the few government agencies that can be mobilized by a simple phone call, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. They are ubiquitous within our society, but their actions are often not well understood. The Oxford Handbook of Police and Policing brings together research on the development and operation of policing in the United States and elsewhere. Accomplished policing researchers Michael D. Reisig and Robert J. Kane have assembled a cast of renowned scholars to provide an authoritative and comprehensive overview of the institution of policing. The different sections of the Handbook explore policing contexts, strategies, authority, and issues relating to race and ethnicity. The Handbook also includes reviews of the research methodologies used by policing scholars and considerations of the factors that will ultimately shape the future of policing, thus providing persuasive insights into why and how policing has developed, what it is today, and what to expect in the future. Aimed at a wide audience of scholars and students in criminology and criminal justice, as well as police professionals, the Handbook serves as the definitive resource for information on this important institution. |
| broken window theory sociology: Policing the Planet Jordan T. Camp, Christina Heatherton, 2016-06-07 How policing became the major political issue of our time Combining firsthand accounts from activists with the research of scholars and reflections from artists, Policing the Planet traces the global spread of the broken-windows policing strategy, first established in New York City under Police Commissioner William Bratton. It’s a doctrine that has vastly broadened police power the world over—to deadly effect. With contributions from #BlackLivesMatter cofounder Patrisse Cullors, Ferguson activist and Law Professor Justin Hansford, Director of New York–based Communities United for Police Reform Joo-Hyun Kang, poet Martín Espada, and journalist Anjali Kamat, as well as articles from leading scholars Ruth Wilson Gilmore, Robin D. G. Kelley, Naomi Murakawa, Vijay Prashad, and more, Policing the Planet describes ongoing struggles from New York to Baltimore to Los Angeles, London, San Juan, San Salvador, and beyond. |
| broken window theory sociology: An Introduction to Criminological Theory Roger Hopkins Burke, 2018-11-01 This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date introduction to criminological theory for students taking courses in criminology at both undergraduate and postgraduate level. Building on previous editions, this book presents the latest research and theoretical developments. The text is divided into five parts, the first three of which address ideal type models of criminal behaviour: the rational actor, predestined actor and victimized actor models. Within these, the various criminological theories are located chronologically in the context of one of these different traditions, and the strengths and weaknesses of each theory and model are clearly identified. The fourth part of the book looks closely at more recent attempts to integrate theoretical elements from both within and across models of criminal behaviour, while the fifth part addresses a number of key recent concerns of criminology: postmodernism, cultural criminology, globalization and communitarianism, the penal society, southern criminology and critical criminology. All major theoretical perspectives are considered, including: classical criminology, biological and psychological positivism, labelling theories, feminist criminology, critical criminology and left realism, situation action, desistance theories, social control theories, the risk society, postmodern condition and terrorism. The new edition also features comprehensive coverage of recent developments in criminology, including ‘the myth of the crime drop’, the revitalization of critical criminology and political economy, shaming and crime, defiance theory, coerced mobility theory and new developments in social control and general strain theories. This revised and expanded fifth edition of An Introduction to Criminological Theory includes chapter summaries, critical thinking questions, policy implications, a full glossary of terms and theories and a timeline of criminological theory, making it essential reading for those studying criminology and taking courses on theoretical criminology, understanding crime, and crime and deviance |
| broken window theory sociology: Delinquency and Opportunity Richard A. Cloward, L.E. Ohlin, 2013-08-21 First published in 1998. This is Volume VI of the twelve in the Sociology of Youth and Adolescence series and focuses on delinquent subcultures and theories around masculine identification, adolescence and lower-class culture, alienation and illegitimate means. This study is an attempt to explore two questions: (l) Why do delinquent norms, or rules of conduct, develop? (2) What are the conditions which account for the distinctive content of various systems of delinquent norms such as those prescribing violence or theft or drug-use? |
| broken window theory sociology: Charles Murray and the Underclass Charles Murray, 2000-05-31 Charles Murray is one of America's most respected social policy analysts. His ideas about the underclass, outlined in his classic Losing Ground, have entered the mainstream of the debate about poverty. Murray's thesis, that the underclass represents not a degree of poverty but a type of poverty, characterised by deviant attitudes towards parenting, work and crime, has been explosively controversial. It has also become more difficult to resist, as the deterioration of the social fabric has become increasingly obvious. British and US situations. In his article, subsequently published by the IEA as The Emerging British Underclass, Murray described himself as a 'visitor from a plague area come to see whether the disease is spreading'. In 1993 he returned to check on its progress, and the resulting article, also for The Sunday Times, was published with commentaries by critics of Murray's thesis, thus presenting the reader with a range of views on the issue. schools and universities, has led to the present omnibus edition which contains all of the original material from both volumes, together with a new introduction by Ruth Lister of Loughborough University and an update of the statistics by Alan Buckingham of the University of Sussex. Community Care. |
| broken window theory sociology: Race Brokers Elizabeth Korver-Glenn, 2021-04-08 Race Brokers examines how housing market professionals-including housing developers, real estate agents, mortgage lenders, and appraisers-construct 21st century urban housing markets in ways that contribute to or undermine racial segregation. Drawing on extensive ethnographic and interview data collected in Houston, Texas, Race Brokers shows that housing market professionals play a key role in connecting people-or refusing to connect people-to housing resources and opportunities. They make these brokering decisions through reference to racist or anti-racist ideas. Typically, housing market professionals draw from racist ideas that rank-order people and neighborhoods according to their perceived economic and cultural housing market value, entwining racism with their housing market activities and interactions. Racialized housing market routines encourage this entwinement by naturalizing racism as a professional tool. Race Brokers tracks how professionals broker racism across the housing exchange process-from the home's construction, to real estate brokerage, mortgage lending, home appraisals, and the home sale closing. In doing so, it shows that professionals make housing exchange a racialized process that contributes to neighbourhood inequality and racial segregation. However, in contrast to the racialized status-quo, a small number of housing market professionals draw on anti-racist ideas and strategies to extend equal opportunities to individuals and neighborhoods, de-naturalizing housing market racism. Race Brokers highlights the imperative to interrupt the racism that pervades housing market professionals' work, dismantle the racialized routines that underwrite such racism, and cultivate a truly fair housing market-- |
| broken window theory sociology: Encyclopedia of Social Deviance Craig J. Forsyth, Heith Copes, 2014-01-21 Social deviance does not involve just criminal behavior—it’s any behavior that violates a cultural norm, and that can involve something as minor as consistently and deliberately wearing lively mismatched socks. Moreover, whether a crime, a sin, or simply unique taste, what’s considered deviant at one time and place can change, as when extensive tattooing and body art evolved from a sideshow carnival spectacle to a nearly universal rite of passage within U.S. culture. Drawing contributions from across the social and behavioral sciences, including sociology, anthropology, criminology, politics, psychology, and religion, the Encyclopedia of Social Deviance introduces students to this lively field of rule-making and rebellion that strikes at the core of what it means to be an individual living in a social world. Key Features: More than 300 articles are organized A-to-Z in two volumes available in both electronic and print formats. Articles, authored by key figures in the field, conclude with cross-reference links and further readings. Although organized A-to-Z, a thematic “Reader’s Guide” groups related articles by broad areas (e.g., Concepts; Theories; Research Methodologies; Individual Deviance; Organizational Deviance; etc.) as one handy search feature on the e-Reference platform, which also includes a comprehensive index of search terms. |
| broken window theory sociology: Leading Theories of Delinquent Behavior and Criminology Rajub Bhowmik, 2017 Leading Theories of Delinquent Behavior and Criminology covers major theories of crime, delinquent behavior, and criminology. This introductory primer criminology book demonstrates the contemporary uses of each criminological theory and summarizes the major points of each. The text primarily focuses on providing students with uncomplicated elucidation of each theory's fundamental concepts and perspectives. This book offers a fruitful approach to understanding major theories of crime, delinquent behavior, and criminology. |
| broken window theory sociology: How to Build Social Science Theories Pamela J. Shoemaker, James William Tankard, Jr., Dominic L. Lasorsa, 2003-12-10 Click ′Additional Materials′ to read the foreword by Jerald Hage As straightforward as its title, How to Build Social Science Theories sidesteps the well-traveled road of theoretical examination by demonstrating how new theories originate and how they are elaborated. Essential reading for students of social science research, this book traces theories from their most rudimentary building blocks (terminology and definitions) through multivariable theoretical statements, models, the role of creativity in theory building, and how theories are used and evaluated. Authors Pamela J. Shoemaker, James William Tankard, Jr., and Dominic L. Lasorsa intend to improve research in many areas of the social sciences by making research more theory-based and theory-oriented. The book begins with a discussion of concepts and their theoretical and operational definitions. It then proceeds to theoretical statements, including hypotheses, assumptions, and propositions. Theoretical statements need theoretical linkages and operational linkages; this discussion begins with bivariate relationships, as well as three-variable, four-variable, and further multivariate relationships. The authors also devote chapters to the creative component of theory-building and how to evaluate theories. How to Build Social Science Theories is a sophisticated yet readable analysis presented by internationally known experts in social science methodology. It is designed primarily as a core text for graduate and advanced undergraduate courses in communication theory. It will also be a perfect addition to any course dealing with theory and research methodology across the social sciences. Additionally, professional researchers will find it an indispensable guide to the genesis, dissemination, and evaluation of social science theories. |
| broken window theory sociology: The Great Mental Models, Volume 1 Shane Parrish, Rhiannon Beaubien, 2024-10-15 Discover the essential thinking tools you’ve been missing with The Great Mental Models series by Shane Parrish, New York Times bestselling author and the mind behind the acclaimed Farnam Street blog and “The Knowledge Project” podcast. This first book in the series is your guide to learning the crucial thinking tools nobody ever taught you. Time and time again, great thinkers such as Charlie Munger and Warren Buffett have credited their success to mental models–representations of how something works that can scale onto other fields. Mastering a small number of mental models enables you to rapidly grasp new information, identify patterns others miss, and avoid the common mistakes that hold people back. The Great Mental Models: Volume 1, General Thinking Concepts shows you how making a few tiny changes in the way you think can deliver big results. Drawing on examples from history, business, art, and science, this book details nine of the most versatile, all-purpose mental models you can use right away to improve your decision making and productivity. This book will teach you how to: Avoid blind spots when looking at problems. Find non-obvious solutions. Anticipate and achieve desired outcomes. Play to your strengths, avoid your weaknesses, … and more. The Great Mental Models series demystifies once elusive concepts and illuminates rich knowledge that traditional education overlooks. This series is the most comprehensive and accessible guide on using mental models to better understand our world, solve problems, and gain an advantage. |
| broken window theory sociology: Crime and Social Organization Elin Waring, David Weisburd, 2018-02-06 This tenth volume in the Advances in Criminological Theory series is dedicated to the work of Albert J. Reiss, Jr. It focuses on the relationship between crime and social organization that is so central to his work. This focus rejects a view of crime solely as the action of atomistic individuals and sees the criminal justice system as inseparable from its social, political and organizational context. This perspective has had a resurgence in recent years, and this volume brings together some of the most important scholars who have contributed to these developments. Articles examine the social organization of crime itself, the context of crime, and the response to crime. The concept of co-offending, originally developed by Reiss, is explored both as a way of improving understanding of juvenile offending and as a framework for understanding patterns of criminal organization across crime types and the relationship of criminal to licit organization. Other articles recast social disorganization theory in light of recent theoretical and empirical developments. They argue for a version of control theory that incorporates internal, contextual, and state-focused dimensions. Organizational actors, both as offenders and as governmental agencies responding to crime, are explored. Building from Reiss's groundbreaking work on policing, a group of articles on policing examine organizational change through reorganization, the adoption of strategies such as community policing and the increased use of empirical evidence, complicated by routines, organizational culture and political constraints. Taken together, these works develop new connections between dimensions of social organization and renew the social organization perspective on crime and criminal justice. Contributors include: Diane Vaughan, Joan McCord, Kevin P. Conway, Elin Waring, Felton Earls, Beat Mohler, Peter Manning, Stephen Mastrofski, Lawrence Sherman, David Weisburd, Robert Sampson, David F. Greenberg, Margaret Kelley, Robin Tamarelli and Jeremy Travis. |
| broken window theory sociology: The Crime Drop in America Alfred Blumstein, Joel Wallman, 2000-09-11 Top criminologists explain the reasons for the drop in violent crime in America. |
| broken window theory sociology: "No One Helped" Marcia M. Gallo, 2015-08-11 In No One Helped Marcia M. Gallo examines one of America's most infamous true-crime stories: the 1964 rape and murder of Catherine Kitty Genovese in a middle-class neighborhood of Queens, New York. Front-page reports in the New York Times incorrectly identified thirty-eight indifferent witnesses to the crime, fueling fears of apathy and urban decay. Genovese's life, including her lesbian relationship, also was obscured in media accounts of the crime. Fifty years later, the story of Kitty Genovese continues to circulate in popular culture. Although it is now widely known that there were far fewer actual witnesses to the crime than was reported in 1964, the moral of the story continues to be urban apathy. No One Helped traces the Genovese story's development and resilience while challenging the myth it created.No One Helped places the conscious creation and promotion of the Genovese story within a changing urban environment. Gallo reviews New York's shifting racial and economic demographics and explores post–World War II examinations of conscience regarding the horrors of Nazism. These were important factors in the uncritical acceptance of the story by most media, political leaders, and the public despite repeated protests from Genovese's Kew Gardens neighbors at their inaccurate portrayal. The crime led to advances in criminal justice and psychology, such as the development of the 911 emergency system and numerous studies of bystander behaviors. Gallo emphasizes that the response to the crime also led to increased community organizing as well as feminist campaigns against sexual violence. Even though the particulars of the sad story of her death were distorted, Kitty Genovese left an enduring legacy of positive changes to the urban environment. |
| broken window theory sociology: The Great American Crime Decline Franklin E. Zimring, 2008-11-05 Many theories--from the routine to the bizarre--have been offered up to explain the crime decline of the 1990s. Was it record levels of imprisonment? An abatement of the crack cocaine epidemic? More police using better tactics? Or even the effects of legalized abortion? And what can we expect from crime rates in the future? Franklin E. Zimring here takes on the experts, and counters with the first in-depth portrait of the decline and its true significance. The major lesson from the 1990s is that relatively superficial changes in the character of urban life can be associated with up to 75% drops in the crime rate. Crime can drop even if there is no major change in the population, the economy or the schools. Offering the most reliable data available, Zimring documents the decline as the longest and largest since World War II. It ranges across both violent and non-violent offenses, all regions, and every demographic. All Americans, whether they live in cities or suburbs, whether rich or poor, are safer today. Casting a critical and unerring eye on current explanations, this book demonstrates that both long-standing theories of crime prevention and recently generated theories fall far short of explaining the 1990s drop. A careful study of Canadian crime trends reveals that imprisonment and economic factors may not have played the role in the U.S. crime drop that many have suggested. There was no magic bullet but instead a combination of factors working in concert rather than a single cause that produced the decline. Further--and happily for future progress, it is clear that declines in the crime rate do not require fundamental social or structural changes. Smaller shifts in policy can make large differences. The significant reductions in crime rates, especially in New York, where crime dropped twice the national average, suggests that there is room for other cities to repeat this astounding success. In this definitive look at the great American crime decline, Franklin E. Zimring finds no pat answers but evidence that even lower crime rates might be in store. |
| broken window theory sociology: Explorations in Classical Sociological Theory Kenneth Allan, Sarah Daynes, 2016-09-22 Praised for its conversational tone, personal examples, and helpful pedagogical tools, the Fourth Edition of Explorations in Classical Sociological Theory: Seeing the Social World is organized around the modern ideas of progress, knowledge, and democracy. With this historical thread woven throughout the chapters, the book examines the works and intellectual contributions of major classical theorists, including Marx, Spencer, Durkheim, Weber, Mead, Simmel, Martineau, Gilman, Douglass, Du Bois, Parsons, and the Frankfurt School. Kenneth Allan and new co-author Sarah Daynes focus on the specific views of each theorist, rather than schools of thought, and highlight modernity and postmodernity to help contemporary readers understand how classical sociological theory applies to their lives. |
| broken window theory sociology: Theoretical Sociology Jonathan H. Turner, 2013-07-11 What can sociological theory tell us about the basic forces that shape our world? With clarity and authority, Theoretical Sociology: A Concise Introduction to Twelve Sociological Theories, by leading theorist Jonathan H. Turner, seeks to answer this question through a brief, yet in-depth examination of twelve major sociological theories. Readers are given an opportunity to explore the foundational premise of each theory and key elements that make it distinctive. The book draws on biographical background, analysis of important works, historical influences, and other critical insights to help readers make the important connections between these monumental sociological theories and the social world in which we live. This concise resource is a perfect complement to any course that seeks to examine both classic and contemporary sociological theory. |
| broken window theory sociology: Urban Crime and Disorder , 1993 |
| broken window theory sociology: Race, Ethnicity, and Policing Stephen K. Rice, Michael D. White, 2010-03-15 The text includes both classic pieces and original essays that provide the reader with a comprehensive, even-handed sense of the theoretical underpinnings, methodological challenges, and existing research necessary to understand the problems associated with racial and ethnic profiling and police bias. |
| broken window theory sociology: Report on the Causes of Crime United States. Wickersham Commission, 1931 |
| broken window theory sociology: The Body Mike Featherstone, Mike Hepworth, Bryan S Turner, 1991-02 This challenging volume reasserts the centrality of the body within social theory as a means to understanding the complex interrelations between nature, culture and society. The importance of a theoretical understanding of the body to social and cultural analysis of contemporary societies is demonstrated through specific case studies. |
| broken window theory sociology: The Crime Fighter Jack Maple, 2000 The colorful ex-cop who created New York's successful campaign to reduce crime offers his best advice on how to fight criminals and make the streets safer. Reprint. |
| broken window theory sociology: Turnaround William Bratton, Peter Knobler, 2009-03-04 When Bill Bratton was sworn in as New York City's police commissioner in 1994, he made what many considered a bold promise: The NYPD would fight crime in every borough...and win. It seemed foolhardy; even everybody knows you can't win the war on crime. But Bratton delivered. In an extraordinary twenty-seven months, serious crime in New York City went down by 33 percent, the murder rate was cut in half--and Bill Bratton was heralded as the most charismatic and respected law enforcement official in America.. In this outspoken account of his news-making career, Bratton reveals how his cutting-edge policing strategies brought about the historic reduction in crime. Bratton's success made national news and landed him on the cover of Time. It also landed him in political hot water. Bratton earned such positive press that before he'd completed his first week on the job, the administration of New York's media-hungry mayor Rudolph Giuliani, threatened to fire him. Bratton gives a vivid, behind-the-scenes look at the sizzle and substance, and he pulls no punches describing the personalities who really run the city. Bratton grew up in a working-class Boston neighborhood, always dreaming of being a cop. As a young officer under Robert di Grazia, Boston's progressive police commissioner, he got a ground-level view of real police reform and also saw what happens when an outspoken, dynamic, reform-minded police commissioner starts to outshine an ambitious mayor. He was soon in the forefront of the community policing movement and a rising star in the profession. Bratton had turned around four major police departments when he accepted the number one police job in America. When Bratton arrived at the NYPD, New York's Finest were almost hiding; they had given up on preventing crime and were trying only to respond to it. Narcotics, Vice, Auto Theft, and the Gun Squads all worked banker's hours while the competition--the bad guys--worked around the clock. Bratton changed that. He brought talent to the top and instilled pride in the force; he listened to the people in the neighborhoods and to the cops on the street. Bratton and his dream team created Compstat, a combination of computer statistics analysis and an unwavering demand for accountability. Cops were called on the carpet, and crime began to drop. With Bratton on the job, New York City was turned around. Today, New York's plummeting crime rate and improved quality of life remain a national success story. Bratton is directly responsible, and his strategies are being studied and implemented by police forces across the country and around the world. In Turnaround, Bratton shows how the war on crime can be won once and for all. |
| broken window theory sociology: The Collapse of American Criminal Justice William J. Stuntz, 2011-09-30 Rule of law has vanished in America’s criminal justice system. Prosecutors decide whom to punish; most accused never face a jury; policing is inconsistent; plea bargaining is rampant; and draconian sentencing fills prisons with mostly minority defendants. A leading criminal law scholar looks to history for the roots of these problems—and solutions. |
| broken window theory sociology: Introduction to Sociology 2e Nathan J. Keirns, Heather Griffiths, Eric Strayer, Susan Cody-Rydzewski, Gail Scaramuzzo, Sally Vyain, Tommy Sadler, Jeff D. Bry, Faye Jones, 2015-03-17 This text is intended for a one-semester introductory course.--Page 1. |
| broken window theory sociology: Foot Patrol George L. Kelling, 1986 |
| broken window theory sociology: Law/Society John Sutton, 2001 A core text for the Law and Society or Sociology of Law course offered in Sociology, Criminal Justice, Political Science, and Schools of Law. * John Sutton offers an explicitly analytical perspective to the subject - how does law change? What makes law more or less effective in solving social problems? What do lawyers do? * Chapter 1 contrasts normative and sociological perspectives on law, and presents a brief primer on the logic of research and inference as it is applied to law related issues. * Theories of legal change are discussed within a common conceptual framework that highlights the explantory strengths and weaknesses of different arguments. * Discussions of law in action are explicitly comparative, applying a consistent model to explain the variable outcomes of civil rights legislation. * Many concrete, in-depth examples throughout the chapters. |
| broken window theory sociology: Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research Alex C. Michalos, 2014-02-12 The aim of this encyclopedia is to provide a comprehensive reference work on scientific and other scholarly research on the quality of life, including health-related quality of life research or also called patient-reported outcomes research. Since the 1960s two overlapping but fairly distinct research communities and traditions have developed concerning ideas about the quality of life, individually and collectively, one with a fairly narrow focus on health-related issues and one with a quite broad focus. In many ways, the central issues of these fields have roots extending to the observations and speculations of ancient philosophers, creating a continuous exploration by diverse explorers in diverse historic and cultural circumstances over several centuries of the qualities of human existence. What we have not had so far is a single, multidimensional reference work connecting the most salient and important contributions to the relevant fields. Entries are organized alphabetically and cover basic concepts, relatively well established facts, lawlike and causal relations, theories, methods, standardized tests, biographic entries on significant figures, organizational profiles, indicators and indexes of qualities of individuals and of communities of diverse sizes, including rural areas, towns, cities, counties, provinces, states, regions, countries and groups of countries. |
| broken window theory sociology: From Anthropology to Social Theory Arpad Szakolczai, Bjørn Thomassen, 2019-01-17 A rethinking of contemporary social theory that provides a vision about the modern world through key ideas developed by 'maverick' anthropologists. |
Broken Windows, Informal Social Control, and Crime: …
Broken windows and collective eficacy specify competing causal relationships among disorder, informal control, and crime. To adjudicate empirically between the two requires research meth …
Microsoft Word - 256 published.docx
Broken windows theory is a negative outdated style of rule and policing that can be re-evaluated through numerous sociological theories, such as, discourse theory and critical race theory, …
The Broken Window Theory
The “Broken Window Theory” is a sociology theory originally created in 1982 by James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelly. It became a popular theory in the 1990s, when it was used as a means to …
Revisiting Broken Windows Theory: Examining the Sources of …
There has been a recent upswing in the production of empirical tests of propositions specified by broken windows theory. The broken windows custom has traditionally assumed that disorder is …
Untitled Document [www.cjcj.org]
Many supporters of broken windows theory often display contempt for sociological theories of crime, with derisive statements, such as referring to such theories as “root causes” theories.
STUDY ON THE THEORY OF BROKEN WINDOWS
In 1982, Wilson and Kelling presented a theory in which they hypothesised a connection between the degree of disorder in a community and the incidence of criminal behaviour. Because it use …
Broken Windows, Zero Tolerance, and the New York Miracle
It should be noted that, while zero tolerance prioritises law enforcement, 'Broken windows' suggested a broader order maintenance strategy, not least because some of the targeted …
67401-sampson.q41 - Scholars at Harvard
We begin by noting that the “broken win-dows” theory assumes an essentialist notion both of disorder and its connection to per-ception: visual cues are unambiguous and natural in …
The Spreading of Disorder Kees Keizer, www.sciencemag.org …
ti, litter, and unreturned shopping carts. Would this reality cause you to litter more, trespass, or even steal? A thesis known as the broken windows theory suggests that signs of disorderly and …
Broken Window Theory Sociology (Download Only)
Peter K. B. St. Jean,2008-09-15 Why even in the same high crime neighborhoods do robbery drug dealing and assault occur much more frequently on some blocks than on others One popular …
A Critical Analysis of the Broken Windows Policing in New …
The broken windows approach is an aggressive crime fighting strategy instituted in New York City in the 1990s, emphasizing mass arrest of perpetrators of major as well as minor offenses. The …
Broken Windows: New Evidence from New York City and a …
windows theory within sociological and policy traditions, and reviews preceding efforts to test the broken windows theory and the practice of broken windows policing.
Wisdom Understanding the Broken W indows Theory | Easy
iour. This theory operates on two primary assumptions: At its core, the Broken Windows Theory is based on the idea that minor forms of disorder, if left . nchecked, can escalate into more …
Broken Windows Theory B - University of Malta
Theory’ Explained: The ‘Broken Windows Theory’ can be described as a criminological theory which attempts to offer an explanation for crime in neighbourhoods and descri.
Disorder, social capital, and norm violation: Three field ... - LMU
First, we outline the intuition and scope of a Beckerian rational choice model of norm-violating behavior. Next, framing “broken windows” as signals of low social control we explicate the …
Broken Window Theory Sociology (Download Only)
Broken Window Theory Sociology: Fixing Broken Windows George L. Kelling,Catherine M. Coles,1997 Cites successful examples of community based policing Illusion of Order Bernard …
The Broken Windows Theory applied to Translations
A new theory emerged in the 1980s in sociology, the ‘Broken Windows’ theory (BWT), which found immediate and very useful application in the law enforcement environment, has been...
An Application of “Broken-Windows” and Related Theories to …
Dec 3, 2008 · pson and Raudenbush (1999) consider the claims of broken-windows theories and offer an alternative account of causal processes. Examining urban neighborhoods, they …
Broken Window Theory Sociology (book) - old.icapgen.org
Broken Window Theory Sociology: Fixing Broken Windows George L. Kelling,Catherine M. Coles,1997 Cites successful examples of community based policing Illusion of Order Bernard …
Broken Window Theory Sociology (book) - old.icapgen.org
Peter K. B. St. Jean,2008-09-15 Why even in the same high crime neighborhoods do robbery drug dealing and assault occur much more frequently on some blocks than on others One popular …
Running head: BREAKING DOWN BROKEN WINDOWS - Ohio …
broken windows and applied it to policing. Broken windows theory asserts that perceived or actual signs of disorder, incivility, and fear inspire an environment of unchecked crime (Wilson & …
Broken Window Theory Sociology (Download Only)
Broken Window Theory Sociology Fixing Broken Windows George L. Kelling,Catherine M. Coles,1997 Cites successful examples of community based policing Illusion of Order Bernard …
Revisiting the Theory of Broken Windows Policing - CORE
portray these practices as either an unfortunate deviation from broken windows *Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Political Science, Boston University, USA; …
Broken Window Theory Sociology [PDF] - bgb.cyb.co.uk
Broken Window Theory Sociology Fixing Broken Windows George L. Kelling,Catherine M. Coles,1997 Cites successful examples of community based policing Illusion of Order Bernard …
Broken Window Theory Sociology [PDF] - bgb.cyb.co.uk
Broken Window Theory Sociology Fixing Broken Windows George L. Kelling,Catherine M. Coles,1997 Cites successful examples of community based policing Illusion of Order Bernard …
Broken Window Theory Sociology (Download Only)
Broken Window Theory Sociology Fixing Broken Windows George L. Kelling,Catherine M. Coles,1997 Cites successful examples of community based policing Illusion of Order Bernard …
Neighborhood stigma and the perception of disorder
Department of Sociology, University of Chicago. In urban sociology and criminology, few ideas have been more influential than the theory of “broken windows” first explicitly laid out by …
Broken Window Theory Sociology (Download Only)
Broken Window Theory Sociology Fixing Broken Windows George L. Kelling,Catherine M. Coles,1997 Cites successful examples of community based policing Illusion of Order Bernard …
CRIMINOLOGICAL THEORY - Sociology and Criminology & Law
Scheff, T. J. (2000) Shame and the social bond: A sociological theory. Sociological Theory, 18: 84-99. Sherman, L. W. (1993) Defiance, deterrence, and irrelevance: A theory of the criminal …
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Uncover the mysteries within Crafted by is enigmatic creation, Embark on a Mystery with Broken Window Theory Sociology . This downloadable ebook, shrouded in suspense, is available in a …
Broken Window Theory Sociology Copy - bgb.cyb.co.uk
Broken Window Theory Sociology Fixing Broken Windows George L. Kelling,Catherine M. Coles,1997 Cites successful examples of community based policing Illusion of Order Bernard …
Issues in Realist Criminology. Edited by Roger Matthews and …
includes a convincing critique of Wilson and Kelling's (1982) influential 'Broken Windows' thesis from Matthews, whilst Rethinking contains an elucidation of'ten principles of realism' from …
RIMI WD RAISR I SIIA RIS RIMIAIY - WJEC
• Based on ‘broken windows’ theory whereby small issues remain unresolved. • It can achieve positive results with significant drops in crime. • Use of the policy can lead to accusations …
Loyola eCommons - Loyola University Chicago
theory argued that three things were necessary for crime to occur: a motivated offender, a suitable target, and the absence of a capable guardian (Cohen & Felson, 1979). Change one of these …
Disorder, Incivilities, and Broken Windows - CrimRxiv
CrimRxiv Disorder, Incivilities, and Broken Windows 5 It was not long after the introduction of broken windows theory that scholars began to raise key theoretical, empirical, and policy …
REFLECTING ON THE SUBJECT: A CRITIQUE OF THE SOCIAL …
versity, has conducted an empirical study of the broken windows theory and concludes that "'[b]roken windows' do need to be re-paired quickly."9 George Kelling, co-author of Broken …
The Uses and Abuses of Police Discretion: Toward Harm …
Feb 10, 2016 · impacted in recent decades by the war on drugs and the adoption of “broken windows policing.” These policy initiatives encouraged a more muscular po-lice response to …
BROKEN WINDOWS AND BROKEN WINDOWS POLICING
Thus, “broken window policing” of this nature may have beneficial consequences for police legitimacy. Just as Kubrin calls for conceptual clarity for “disorder,” so too might we demand …
Identify The Elements Of The Broken Windows Theory Of …
Identify The Elements Of The Broken Windows Theory Of Deviance Michael D. Reisig,Robert J. Kane ... Drawing contributions from across the social and behavioral sciences, including …
Identify The Elements Of The Broken Windows Theory Of …
elements of interactionist and phenomenological sociology. Unlike the numerous texts that view deviance as the essence of things, independent of the mind of the observer, the authors …
Wisdom Understanding the Broken W indows Theory | Easy
The Concept Behind the Theory. At its core, the Broken. Windows Theory is based on. the idea that minor forms of. disorder, if left unchecked, can escalate into more significant problems. …
Identify The Elements Of The Broken Windows Theory Of …
Identify The Elements Of The Broken Windows Theory Of Deviance Roland E. Kidwell,Christopher L. Martin Encyclopedia of Social Deviance Craig J. Forsyth,Heith …
Disorder in Urban Neighborhoods--Does It Lead to Crime?
graffiti, and broken windows, lead directly to more serious offenses. The study, part of the long-range Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods, assesses the “broken …
Disorder, Social Capital, and Norm Violation: Three Field
Department of Sociology, LMU Munich, Germany, D-GESS, ETH Zurich, Switzerland 2014 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/57534/ MPRA Paper No. 57534, posted 29 Jul 2014 …
Identify The Elements Of The Broken Windows Theory Of …
The Broken Windows Theory: Origins, Issues, and Uses WEBJul 7, 2023 · How Is the Broken Windows Theory Applied? The theory sparked a wave of “broken windows” or “zero tolerance” …
Review Essay / What Kind of Order?
country have adopted the “broken windows” theory— the idea that interdicting minor offenses prevents major crimes. In practice, police have implemented “zero toler-ance” policing to …
Identify The Elements Of The Broken Windows Theory Of …
The theory has revolutionized policing in the United States and abroad, with its emphasis on policies that crack down on disorderly conduct and aggressively enforce misdemeanor laws. …
‘Broken hospital windows’: debating the theory of spreading …
most commonly called broken windows theory (BWT). Main text Broken windows: A theory of spreading disorder in neighborhoods Almost 40 years ago, Wilson and Kelling famously used …
Disorder in Urban Neighborhoods--Does It Lead to Crime?
graffiti, and broken windows, lead directly to more serious offenses. The study, part of the long-range Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods, assesses the “broken …
Reflecting on the Subject: A Critique of the Social Influence ...
versity, has conducted an empirical study of the broken windows theory and concludes that "'[b]roken windows' do need to be re-paired quickly."9 George Kelling, co-author of Broken …
Understanding the Mechanisms Underlying Broken Windows …
broken windows policing with zero-tolerance policing, or the idea that the police need to pay attention not just to serious crime but also to the minor social and physical disorders and ...
There Are No Cracks in the Broken Windows - Peter Moskos
prevent serious crime. One of us co-originated (with James Q. Wilson) this theory, which has come to be known as “fixing broken windows“; the other implemented it in New York City, first …
‘Broken hospital windows’: debating the theory of spreading …
This theory of broken windows has now also been applied to more enclosed ... arguing that if a window in a building is broken and is left unrepaired, all of the rest of the win- ... sociology, and ...
Broken Windows Policing - ResearchGate
Broken windows theory drew from concepts embedded within criminological and social psychological theories. According to this perspective, the cause of crime is disorder that goes …
Broken Windows: New Evidence from New York City and a …
more serious crime.1 The “broken windows” theory produced what many observers have called a revolution in policing and law enforce-ment.2 Today, the three most populous cities in the …
Criminal InJustice: “Broken Windows”/Broken Lives, One Year …
U.S. criminal justice system. Nancy A. Heitzeg, Professor of Sociology and ... Broken Windows theory and the subsequent proliferation of “public ordering/quality of life/order maintainence ...
Broken Windows Schooling: A Qualitative Case Study of the …
Black boys in schools is through Kelling & Wilson’s (1982) theory of broken windows policing. Broken windows policing posits that a key indicator of urban decay is when a community has …
Crime and Deviance- SOCIOLOGY Topic 3: Crime …
Linked to Broken Windows thesis-WILSON and KELLING: leaving these things unrepaired or tolerating them transmits a signal that no-one cares.There is an absence of formal and …
Translating Causal Claims: Principles and Strategies for Policy ...
Direct correspondence to Robert J. Sampson, Department of Sociology, William James Hall, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland St., Cambridge, MA 02138 (e-mail: …
SOCIOLOGY Crime and Deviance- Year 13: Paper 3 Right …
SOCIOLOGY Crime and Deviance-Right Realist Theories of Crime and Deviance Year 13: Paper 3 Similarities: Right and Left Realism 1 Realists see crime as a real problem. 2 Both emerged …
Broken Windows: New Evidence from New York City and a …
more serious crime.' The "broken windows" theory produced what many observers have called a revolution in policing and law enforce-ment.2 Today, the three most populous cities in the …
Identify The Elements Of The Broken Windows Theory Of …
elements of interactionist and phenomenological sociology. Unlike the numerous texts that view deviance as the essence of things, independent of the mind of the observer, the authors …
A level Sociology - WJEC
A level Sociology Crime and deviance: Theories II Don’t forget criticism – this is also important for the exam! Marxists believes crime is inevitable in a capitalist society. ... Wilson and Kelling …
Evidence on zero-tolerance policing The New York crime drop
Broken windows „Broken windows theory‟ is often mentioned in connection with zero-tolerance policing (Kelling and Wilson 1982). Bottoms (2012) provides an overview of the literature on …
Reflecting on the Subject: A Critique of the Social Influence ...
Michigan Law Review Volume 97 Issue 2 1998 Reflecting on the Subject: A Critique of the Social Influence Conception of Deterrence, the Broken Windows Theory, and Order-Maintenance
POLICING, DRUGS, AND THE HOMICIDE DECLINE IN NEW …
prostitution (fixing broken windows), and maintaining order. Police officials in New York City embarked on a deliberate effort to put “broken windows” theory into practice (Kelling and …
Disorderly community partners and broken windows …
broken windows theory, policy-makers and law enforcement justify similar ordi-nances by arguing that loitering is a broken window that attracts crime, such as gang activity (Harcourt, 2001). …
