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| buffon's needle problem: Exploring Monte Carlo Methods William L. Dunn, J. Kenneth Shultis, 2022-06-07 Exploring Monte Carlo Methods, Second Edition provides a valuable introduction to the numerical methods that have come to be known as Monte Carlo. This unique and trusted resource for course use, as well as researcher reference, offers accessible coverage, clear explanations and helpful examples throughout. Building from the basics, the text also includes applications in a variety of fields, such as physics, nuclear engineering, finance and investment, medical modeling and prediction, archaeology, geology and transportation planning. - Provides a comprehensive yet concise treatment of Monte Carlo methods - Uses the famous Buffon's needle problem as a unifying theme to illustrate the many aspects of Monte Carlo methods - Includes numerous exercises and useful appendices on: Certain mathematical functions, Bose Einstein functions, Fermi Dirac functions and Watson functions |
| buffon's needle problem: Proofs from THE BOOK Martin Aigner, Günter M. Ziegler, 2013-06-29 According to the great mathematician Paul Erdös, God maintains perfect mathematical proofs in The Book. This book presents the authors candidates for such perfect proofs, those which contain brilliant ideas, clever connections, and wonderful observations, bringing new insight and surprising perspectives to problems from number theory, geometry, analysis, combinatorics, and graph theory. As a result, this book will be fun reading for anyone with an interest in mathematics. |
| buffon's needle problem: 100 Great Problems of Elementary Mathematics Heinrich Dörrie, 2013-04-09 Problems that beset Archimedes, Newton, Euler, Cauchy, Gauss, Monge, Steiner, and other great mathematical minds. Features squaring the circle, pi, and similar problems. No advanced math is required. Includes 100 problems with proofs. |
| buffon's needle problem: Zeros of Gaussian Analytic Functions and Determinantal Point Processes John Ben Hough, Manjunath Krishnapur , Yuval Peres , B\'alint Vir\'ag , 2009 Examines in some depth two important classes of point processes, determinantal processes and 'Gaussian zeros', i.e., zeros of random analytic functions with Gaussian coefficients. This title presents a primer on modern techniques on the interface of probability and analysis. |
| buffon's needle problem: Introduction to Geometric Probability Daniel A. Klain, Gian-Carlo Rota, 1997-12-11 The purpose of this book is to present the three basic ideas of geometrical probability, also known as integral geometry, in their natural framework. In this way, the relationship between the subject and enumerative combinatorics is more transparent, and the analogies can be more productively understood. The first of the three ideas is invariant measures on polyconvex sets. The authors then prove the fundamental lemma of integral geometry, namely the kinematic formula. Finally the analogues between invariant measures and finite partially ordered sets are investigated, yielding insights into Hecke algebras, Schubert varieties and the quantum world, as viewed by mathematicians. Geometers and combinatorialists will find this a most stimulating and fruitful story. |
| buffon's needle problem: Fifty Challenging Problems in Probability with Solutions Frederick Mosteller, 2012-04-26 Remarkable puzzlers, graded in difficulty, illustrate elementary and advanced aspects of probability. These problems were selected for originality, general interest, or because they demonstrate valuable techniques. Also includes detailed solutions. |
| buffon's needle problem: Classic Problems of Probability Prakash Gorroochurn, 2016-05-02 Winner of the 2012 PROSE Award for Mathematics from The American Publishers Awards for Professional and Scholarly Excellence. A great book, one that I will certainly add to my personal library. —Paul J. Nahin, Professor Emeritus of Electrical Engineering, University of New Hampshire Classic Problems of Probability presents a lively account of the most intriguing aspects of statistics. The book features a large collection of more than thirty classic probability problems which have been carefully selected for their interesting history, the way they have shaped the field, and their counterintuitive nature. From Cardano's 1564 Games of Chance to Jacob Bernoulli's 1713 Golden Theorem to Parrondo's 1996 Perplexing Paradox, the book clearly outlines the puzzles and problems of probability, interweaving the discussion with rich historical detail and the story of how the mathematicians involved arrived at their solutions. Each problem is given an in-depth treatment, including detailed and rigorous mathematical proofs as needed. Some of the fascinating topics discussed by the author include: Buffon's Needle problem and its ingenious treatment by Joseph Barbier, culminating into a discussion of invariance Various paradoxes raised by Joseph Bertrand Classic problems in decision theory, including Pascal's Wager, Kraitchik's Neckties, and Newcomb's problem The Bayesian paradigm and various philosophies of probability Coverage of both elementary and more complex problems, including the Chevalier de Méré problems, Fisher and the lady testing tea, the birthday problem and its various extensions, and the Borel-Kolmogorov paradox Classic Problems of Probability is an eye-opening, one-of-a-kind reference for researchers and professionals interested in the history of probability and the varied problem-solving strategies employed throughout the ages. The book also serves as an insightful supplement for courses on mathematical probability and introductory probability and statistics at the undergraduate level. |
| buffon's needle problem: Buffon Jacques Roger, 1997 A biography of a premier French scientist of the Enlightenment and the director of France's Royal Botanical Garden, using Buffon's enormous literary production as the major source of insight into his and his age's beliefs about the natural world. Includes bandw illustrations from his Natural History. First published in 1989 as Buffon, un philosophe au Jardin du Roi, by Librarie Artheme Fayard. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR |
| buffon's needle problem: Problems in Probability Theory, Mathematical Statistics and Theory of Random Functions A. A. Sveshnikov, 2012-04-30 Approximately 1,000 problems — with answers and solutions included at the back of the book — illustrate such topics as random events, random variables, limit theorems, Markov processes, and much more. |
| buffon's needle problem: Let's Play Math Denise Gaskins, 2012-09-04 |
| buffon's needle problem: Introduction to Probability David F. Anderson, Timo Seppäläinen, Benedek Valkó, 2017-11-02 This classroom-tested textbook is an introduction to probability theory, with the right balance between mathematical precision, probabilistic intuition, and concrete applications. Introduction to Probability covers the material precisely, while avoiding excessive technical details. After introducing the basic vocabulary of randomness, including events, probabilities, and random variables, the text offers the reader a first glimpse of the major theorems of the subject: the law of large numbers and the central limit theorem. The important probability distributions are introduced organically as they arise from applications. The discrete and continuous sides of probability are treated together to emphasize their similarities. Intended for students with a calculus background, the text teaches not only the nuts and bolts of probability theory and how to solve specific problems, but also why the methods of solution work. |
| buffon's needle problem: Pi (π) in Nature, Art, and Culture Marcel Danesi, 2020-12-07 In Pi (π) in Nature, Art, and Culture Marcel Danesi investigates the manifestations of π in science, nature, symbolism, and culture, arguing that these are intrinsically intertwined. |
| buffon's needle problem: Mathematical Recreations Maurice Kraitchik, 2006-01-01 Ranging from ancient Greek and Roman problems to the most modern applications of special mathematical techniques for amusement, this popular volume contains material to delight both beginners and advanced mathematicians. Its 250 lively puzzles, problems, situations, and demonstrations of recreational mathematics feature full solutions and analyses. Fifty-seven highly unusual historic problems are derived from ancient Greek, medieval European, Arabic, and Hindu sources. Other problems are based on mathematics without numbers, geometry, topology, the calendar, arithmetic, and the mathematics of chess moves. Fifty pages comprise numerical pastimes built out of figurate numbers, Mersenne numbers, Fermat numbers, cyclic numbers, automorphic numbers, and prime numbers; probability problems are also fully analyzed. More than forty pages are devoted to magic squares, and the concluding portion of the book presents more than twenty-five new positional and permutational games of permanent value. A discussion of fairy chess is followed by rules and procedural information on latruncles, go, reversi, jinx, ruma, lasca, tricolor, four-story towers, tetrachrome, and other games. More than a collection of wonderful puzzles, this volume offers a thorough, rigorous, and entertaining sampler of recreational mathematics, highlighted by numerous insights into specialized fields. |
| buffon's needle problem: Elementary Applications of Probability Theory, Second Edition Henry C. Tuckwell, 1995-05-15 This book provides a clear and straightforward introduction to applications of probability theory with examples given in the biological sciences and engineering. The first chapter contains a summary of basic probability theory. Chapters two to five deal with random variables and their applications. Topics covered include geometric probability, estimation of animal and plant populations, reliability theory and computer simulation. Chapter six contains a lucid account of the convergence of sequences of random variables, with emphasis on the central limit theorem and the weak law of numbers. The next four chapters introduce random processes, including random walks and Markov chains illustrated by examples in population genetics and population growth. This edition also includes two chapters which introduce, in a manifestly readable fashion, the topic of stochastic differential equations and their applications. |
| buffon's needle problem: Mathematics Galore! James Tanton, 2012-12-31 Mathematics Galore! Showcases some of the best activities and student outcomes of the St. Mark's Institute of Mathematics and invites you to engage the mathematics yourself! Revel in the delight of deep intellectual play and marvel at the heights to which young scholars can rise. See some great mathematics explained and proved via natural and accessible means. Based on 26 essays ( newsletters ) and eight additional pieces, Mathematics Galore! offers a large sample of mathematical tidbits and treasures, each immediately enticing, and each a gateway to layers of surprising depth and conundrum. Pick and read essays in no particular order and enjoy the mathematical stories that unfold. Be inspired for your courses, your math clubs and your math circles, or simply enjoy for yourself the bounty of research questions and intriguing puzzlers that lie within. |
| buffon's needle problem: How Not to Be Wrong Jordan Ellenberg, 2014-05-29 A brilliant tour of mathematical thought and a guide to becoming a better thinker, How Not to Be Wrong shows that math is not just a long list of rules to be learned and carried out by rote. Math touches everything we do; It's what makes the world make sense. Using the mathematician's methods and hard-won insights-minus the jargon-professor and popular columnist Jordan Ellenberg guides general readers through his ideas with rigor and lively irreverence, infusing everything from election results to baseball to the existence of God and the psychology of slime molds with a heightened sense of clarity and wonder. Armed with the tools of mathematics, we can see the hidden structures beneath the messy and chaotic surface of our daily lives. How Not to Be Wrong shows us how--Publisher's description. |
| buffon's needle problem: Introduction to Probability Dimitri Bertsekas, John N. Tsitsiklis, 2008-07-01 An intuitive, yet precise introduction to probability theory, stochastic processes, statistical inference, and probabilistic models used in science, engineering, economics, and related fields. This is the currently used textbook for an introductory probability course at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, attended by a large number of undergraduate and graduate students, and for a leading online class on the subject. The book covers the fundamentals of probability theory (probabilistic models, discrete and continuous random variables, multiple random variables, and limit theorems), which are typically part of a first course on the subject. It also contains a number of more advanced topics, including transforms, sums of random variables, a fairly detailed introduction to Bernoulli, Poisson, and Markov processes, Bayesian inference, and an introduction to classical statistics. The book strikes a balance between simplicity in exposition and sophistication in analytical reasoning. Some of the more mathematically rigorous analysis is explained intuitively in the main text, and then developed in detail (at the level of advanced calculus) in the numerous solved theoretical problems. |
| buffon's needle problem: The Calculus Diaries Jennifer Ouellette, 2010-08-31 Kiss My Math meets A Tour of the Calculus Jennifer Ouellette never took math in college, mostly because she-like most people-assumed that she wouldn't need it in real life. But then the English-major-turned-award-winning-science-writer had a change of heart and decided to revisit the equations and formulas that had haunted her for years. The Calculus Diaries is the fun and fascinating account of her year spent confronting her math phobia head on. With wit and verve, Ouellette shows how she learned to apply calculus to everything from gas mileage to dieting, from the rides at Disneyland to shooting craps in Vegas-proving that even the mathematically challenged can learn the fundamentals of the universal language. |
| buffon's needle problem: Trig Or Treat: An Encyclopedia Of Trigonometric Identity Proofs (Tips) With Intellectually Challenging Games Adrian Ning Hong Yeo, 2007-10-24 This encyclopedia contains trigonometric identity proofs for some three hundred identities. The book is presented in the form of mathematical games for the reader's enjoyment and includes a concordance of trigonometric identities, enabling easy reference.Trig or Treat is a must-have for:• every student of trigonometry, to find the proofs for trigonometric identities that may be set in class or in exams;• every teacher of trigonometry, to have easy access to trigonometric identities of different levels of difficulty, to set assignments for different levels of students;• every library, to provide a ready resource for students• every aficionado of Sudoku, crossword puzzles, jigsaw puzzles, Tetris, and other games, who love an intellectual challenge. |
| buffon's needle problem: Probability And Expectation: In Mathematical Olympiad And Competitions Zun Shan, 2016-07-14 In China, lots of excellent students who are good at maths take an active part in various maths contests and the best six senior high school students will be selected to form the IMO National Team to compete in the International Mathematical Olympiad. In the past ten years China's IMO Team has achieved outstanding results — they have won the first place almost every year.The author is one of the senior coaches of China's IMO National Team, whose students have won many gold medals many times in IMO.This book is part of the Mathematical Olympiad Series which discusses several aspects related to maths contests, such as algebra, number theory, combinatorics, graph theory and geometry. This book will, in an interesting problem-solving way, explain what probability theory is: its concepts, methods and meanings; particularly, two important concepts — probability and mathematical expectation (briefly expectation) — are emphasized. It consists of 65 problems, appended by 107 exercises and their answers. |
| buffon's needle problem: Fun and Fundamentals of Mathematics J.V. Narlikar, M. Narlikar, 2002-03 This book introduces fundamental ideas in mathematics through intersting puzzles. Students, from age12 upwards, who are bored with routine classwork in maths will enjoy these puzzles which will sharpen will sharpen their logical reasoning. It is designed to arouse an interest in mathematics among readers among readers in the 12-18 age group. |
| buffon's needle problem: The Pleasures of Probability Richard Isaac, 2013-11-11 The ideas of probability are all around us. Lotteries, casino gambling, the al most non-stop polling which seems to mold public policy more and more these are a few of the areas where principles of probability impinge in a direct way on the lives and fortunes of the general public. At a more re moved level there is modern science which uses probability and its offshoots like statistics and the theory of random processes to build mathematical descriptions of the real world. In fact, twentieth-century physics, in embrac ing quantum mechanics, has a world view that is at its core probabilistic in nature, contrary to the deterministic one of classical physics. In addition to all this muscular evidence of the importance of probability ideas it should also be said that probability can be lots of fun. It is a subject where you can start thinking about amusing, interesting, and often difficult problems with very little mathematical background. In this book, I wanted to introduce a reader with at least a fairly decent mathematical background in elementary algebra to this world of probabil ity, to the way of thinking typical of probability, and the kinds of problems to which probability can be applied. I have used examples from a wide variety of fields to motivate the discussion of concepts. |
| buffon's needle problem: The Probability Tutoring Book Carol Ash, 1996-11-14 A self-study guide for practicing engineers, scientists, and students, this book offers practical, worked-out examples on continuous and discrete probability for problem-solving courses. It is filled with handy diagrams, examples, and solutions that greatly aid in the comprehension of a variety of probability problems. |
| buffon's needle problem: Luck, Logic, and White Lies Jörg Bewersdorff, 2021-04-28 Praise for the First Edition Luck, Logic, and White Lies teaches readers of all backgrounds about the insight mathematical knowledge can bring and is highly recommended reading among avid game players, both to better understand the game itself and to improve one’s skills. – Midwest Book Review The best book I've found for someone new to game math is Luck, Logic and White Lies by Jörg Bewersdorff. It introduces the reader to a vast mathematical literature, and does so in an enormously clear manner. . . – Alfred Wallace, Musings, Ramblings, and Things Left Unsaid The aim is to introduce the mathematics that will allow analysis of the problem or game. This is done in gentle stages, from chapter to chapter, so as to reach as broad an audience as possible . . . Anyone who likes games and has a taste for analytical thinking will enjoy this book. – Peter Fillmore, CMS Notes Luck, Logic, and White Lies: The Mathematics of Games, Second Edition considers a specific problem—generally a game or game fragment and introduces the related mathematical methods. It contains a section on the historical development of the theories of games of chance, and combinatorial and strategic games. This new edition features new and much refreshed chapters, including an all-new Part IV on the problem of how to measure skill in games. Readers are also introduced to new references and techniques developed since the previous edition. Features Provides a uniquely historical perspective on the mathematical underpinnings of a comprehensive list of games Suitable for a broad audience of differing mathematical levels. Anyone with a passion for games, game theory, and mathematics will enjoy this book, whether they be students, academics, or game enthusiasts Covers a wide selection of topics at a level that can be appreciated on a historical, recreational, and mathematical level. Jörg Bewersdorff (1958) studied mathematics from 1975 to 1982 at the University of Bonn and earned his PhD in 1985. In the same year, he started his career as game developer and mathematician. He served as the general manager of the subsidiaries of Gauselmann AG for more than two decades where he developed electronic gaming machines, automatic payment machines, and coin-operated Internet terminals. Dr. Bewersdorff has authored several books on Galois theory (translated in English and Korean), mathematical statistics, and object-oriented programming with JavaScript. |
| buffon's needle problem: Modelling Physics with Microsoft Excel Bernard V Liengme, 2014-10-01 This book demonstrates some of the ways in which Microsoft Excel® may be used to solve numerical problems in the field of physics. But why use Excel in the first place? Certainly, Excel is never going to out-perform the wonderful symbolic algebra tools tha |
| buffon's needle problem: Knowing the Odds John B. Walsh, 2023-08-16 John Walsh, one of the great masters of the subject, has written a superb book on probability. It covers at a leisurely pace all the important topics that students need to know, and provides excellent examples. I regret his book was not available when I taught such a course myself, a few years ago. —Ioannis Karatzas, Columbia University In this wonderful book, John Walsh presents a panoramic view of Probability Theory, starting from basic facts on mean, median and mode, continuing with an excellent account of Markov chains and martingales, and culminating with Brownian motion. Throughout, the author's personal style is apparent; he manages to combine rigor with an emphasis on the key ideas so the reader never loses sight of the forest by being surrounded by too many trees. As noted in the preface, “To teach a course with pleasure, one should learn at the same time.” Indeed, almost all instructors will learn something new from the book (e.g. the potential-theoretic proof of Skorokhod embedding) and at the same time, it is attractive and approachable for students. —Yuval Peres, Microsoft With many examples in each section that enhance the presentation, this book is a welcome addition to the collection of books that serve the needs of advanced undergraduate as well as first year graduate students. The pace is leisurely which makes it more attractive as a text. —Srinivasa Varadhan, Courant Institute, New York This book covers in a leisurely manner all the standard material that one would want in a full year probability course with a slant towards applications in financial analysis at the graduate or senior undergraduate honors level. It contains a fair amount of measure theory and real analysis built in but it introduces sigma-fields, measure theory, and expectation in an especially elementary and intuitive way. A large variety of examples and exercises in each chapter enrich the presentation in the text. |
| buffon's needle problem: Fundamentals of Probability Saeed Ghahramani, 2018-09-05 The 4th edition of Ghahramani's book is replete with intriguing historical notes, insightful comments, and well-selected examples/exercises that, together, capture much of the essence of probability. Along with its Companion Website, the book is suitable as a primary resource for a first course in probability. Moreover, it has sufficient material for a sequel course introducing stochastic processes and stochastic simulation. --Nawaf Bou-Rabee, Associate Professor of Mathematics, Rutgers University Camden, USA This book is an excellent primer on probability, with an incisive exposition to stochastic processes included as well. The flow of the text aids its readability, and the book is indeed a treasure trove of set and solved problems. Every sub-topic within a chapter is supplemented by a comprehensive list of exercises, accompanied frequently by self-quizzes, while each chapter ends with a useful summary and another rich collection of review problems. --Dalia Chakrabarty, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Loughborough University, UK This textbook provides a thorough and rigorous treatment of fundamental probability, including both discrete and continuous cases. The book’s ample collection of exercises gives instructors and students a great deal of practice and tools to sharpen their understanding. Because the definitions, theorems, and examples are clearly labeled and easy to find, this book is not only a great course accompaniment, but an invaluable reference. --Joshua Stangle, Assistant Professor of Mathematics, University of Wisconsin – Superior, USA This one- or two-term calculus-based basic probability text is written for majors in mathematics, physical sciences, engineering, statistics, actuarial science, business and finance, operations research, and computer science. It presents probability in a natural way: through interesting and instructive examples and exercises that motivate the theory, definitions, theorems, and methodology. This book is mathematically rigorous and, at the same time, closely matches the historical development of probability. Whenever appropriate, historical remarks are included, and the 2096 examples and exercises have been carefully designed to arouse curiosity and hence encourage students to delve into the theory with enthusiasm. New to the Fourth Edition: 538 new examples and exercises have been added, almost all of which are of applied nature in realistic contexts Self-quizzes at the end of each section and self-tests at the end of each chapter allow students to check their comprehension of the material An all-new Companion Website includes additional examples, complementary topics not covered in the previous editions, and applications for more in-depth studies, as well as a test bank and figure slides. It also includes complete solutions to all self-test and self-quiz problems Saeed Ghahramani is Professor of Mathematics and Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences at Western New England University. He received his Ph.D. from the University of California at Berkeley in Mathematics and is a recipient of teaching awards from Johns Hopkins University and Towson University. His research focuses on applied probability, stochastic processes, and queuing theory. |
| buffon's needle problem: An Introduction to Geometrical Probability A.M. Mathai, 1999-12-01 A useful guide for researchers and professionals, graduate and senior undergraduate students, this book provides an in-depth look at applied and geometrical probability with an emphasis on statistical distributions. A meticulous treatment of geometrical probability, kept at a level to appeal to a wider audience including applied researchers who will find the book to be both functional and practical with the large number of problems chosen from different disciplines A few topics such as packing and covering problems that have a vast literature are introduced here at a peripheral level for the purpose of familiarizing readers who are new to the area of research. |
| buffon's needle problem: Excursions in Calculus Robert M. Young, 1992-10-01 This book explores the rich and elegant interplay between the two main currents of mathematics, the continuous and the discrete. Such fundamental notions in discrete mathematics as induction, recursion, combinatorics, number theory, discrete probability, and the algorithmic point of view as a unifying principle are continually explored as they interact with traditional calculus. |
| buffon's needle problem: Random Processes for Engineers Bruce Hajek, 2015-03-12 This engaging introduction to random processes provides students with the critical tools needed to design and evaluate engineering systems that must operate reliably in uncertain environments. A brief review of probability theory and real analysis of deterministic functions sets the stage for understanding random processes, whilst the underlying measure theoretic notions are explained in an intuitive, straightforward style. Students will learn to manage the complexity of randomness through the use of simple classes of random processes, statistical means and correlations, asymptotic analysis, sampling, and effective algorithms. Key topics covered include: • Calculus of random processes in linear systems • Kalman and Wiener filtering • Hidden Markov models for statistical inference • The estimation maximization (EM) algorithm • An introduction to martingales and concentration inequalities. Understanding of the key concepts is reinforced through over 100 worked examples and 300 thoroughly tested homework problems (half of which are solved in detail at the end of the book). |
| buffon's needle problem: An Invitation to Modern Number Theory Steven J. Miller, Ramin Takloo-Bighash, 2020-07-21 In a manner accessible to beginning undergraduates, An Invitation to Modern Number Theory introduces many of the central problems, conjectures, results, and techniques of the field, such as the Riemann Hypothesis, Roth's Theorem, the Circle Method, and Random Matrix Theory. Showing how experiments are used to test conjectures and prove theorems, the book allows students to do original work on such problems, often using little more than calculus (though there are numerous remarks for those with deeper backgrounds). It shows students what number theory theorems are used for and what led to them and suggests problems for further research. Steven Miller and Ramin Takloo-Bighash introduce the problems and the computational skills required to numerically investigate them, providing background material (from probability to statistics to Fourier analysis) whenever necessary. They guide students through a variety of problems, ranging from basic number theory, cryptography, and Goldbach's Problem, to the algebraic structures of numbers and continued fractions, showing connections between these subjects and encouraging students to study them further. In addition, this is the first undergraduate book to explore Random Matrix Theory, which has recently become a powerful tool for predicting answers in number theory. Providing exercises, references to the background literature, and Web links to previous student research projects, An Invitation to Modern Number Theory can be used to teach a research seminar or a lecture class. |
| buffon's needle problem: The Physics of Chaos in Hamiltonian Systems George M. Zaslavsky, 2007 This book aims to familiarize the reader with the essential properties of the chaotic dynamics of Hamiltonian systems by avoiding specialized mathematical tools, thus making it easily accessible to a broader audience of researchers and students. Unique material on the most intriguing and fascinating topics of unsolved and current problems in contemporary chaos theory is presented. The coverage includes: separatrix chaos; properties and a description of systems with non-ergodic dynamics; the distribution of Poincar(r) recurrences and their role in transport theory; dynamical models of the MaxwellOCOs Demon, the occurrence of persistent fluctuations, and a detailed discussion of their role in the problem underlying the foundation of statistical physics; the emergence of stochastic webs in phase space and their link to space tiling with periodic (crystal type) and aperiodic (quasi-crystal type) symmetries. This second edition expands on pseudochaotic dynamics with weak mixing and the new phenomenon of fractional kinetics, which is crucial to the transport properties of chaotic motion. The book is ideally suited to all those who are actively working on the problems of dynamical chaos as well as to those looking for new inspiration in this area. It introduces the physicist to the world of Hamiltonian chaos and the mathematician to actual physical problems.The material can also be used by graduate students. |
| buffon's needle problem: An Introduction to Stochastic Differential Equations Lawrence C. Evans, 2012-12-11 These notes provide a concise introduction to stochastic differential equations and their application to the study of financial markets and as a basis for modeling diverse physical phenomena. They are accessible to non-specialists and make a valuable addition to the collection of texts on the topic. --Srinivasa Varadhan, New York University This is a handy and very useful text for studying stochastic differential equations. There is enough mathematical detail so that the reader can benefit from this introduction with only a basic background in mathematical analysis and probability. --George Papanicolaou, Stanford University This book covers the most important elementary facts regarding stochastic differential equations; it also describes some of the applications to partial differential equations, optimal stopping, and options pricing. The book's style is intuitive rather than formal, and emphasis is made on clarity. This book will be very helpful to starting graduate students and strong undergraduates as well as to others who want to gain knowledge of stochastic differential equations. I recommend this book enthusiastically. --Alexander Lipton, Mathematical Finance Executive, Bank of America Merrill Lynch This short book provides a quick, but very readable introduction to stochastic differential equations, that is, to differential equations subject to additive ``white noise'' and related random disturbances. The exposition is concise and strongly focused upon the interplay between probabilistic intuition and mathematical rigor. Topics include a quick survey of measure theoretic probability theory, followed by an introduction to Brownian motion and the Ito stochastic calculus, and finally the theory of stochastic differential equations. The text also includes applications to partial differential equations, optimal stopping problems and options pricing. This book can be used as a text for senior undergraduates or beginning graduate students in mathematics, applied mathematics, physics, financial mathematics, etc., who want to learn the basics of stochastic differential equations. The reader is assumed to be fairly familiar with measure theoretic mathematical analysis, but is not assumed to have any particular knowledge of probability theory (which is rapidly developed in Chapter 2 of the book). |
| buffon's needle problem: Monte Carlo and Quasi-Monte Carlo Sampling Christiane Lemieux, 2009-04-03 Quasi–Monte Carlo methods have become an increasingly popular alternative to Monte Carlo methods over the last two decades. Their successful implementation on practical problems, especially in finance, has motivated the development of several new research areas within this field to which practitioners and researchers from various disciplines currently contribute. This book presents essential tools for using quasi–Monte Carlo sampling in practice. The first part of the book focuses on issues related to Monte Carlo methods—uniform and non-uniform random number generation, variance reduction techniques—but the material is presented to prepare the readers for the next step, which is to replace the random sampling inherent to Monte Carlo by quasi–random sampling. The second part of the book deals with this next step. Several aspects of quasi-Monte Carlo methods are covered, including constructions, randomizations, the use of ANOVA decompositions, and the concept of effective dimension. The third part of the book is devoted to applications in finance and more advanced statistical tools like Markov chain Monte Carlo and sequential Monte Carlo, with a discussion of their quasi–Monte Carlo counterpart. The prerequisites for reading this book are a basic knowledge of statistics and enough mathematical maturity to follow through the various techniques used throughout the book. This text is aimed at graduate students in statistics, management science, operations research, engineering, and applied mathematics. It should also be useful to practitioners who want to learn more about Monte Carlo and quasi–Monte Carlo methods and researchers interested in an up-to-date guide to these methods. |
| buffon's needle problem: Understanding Probability Henk Tijms, 2007-07-26 In this fully revised second edition of Understanding Probability, the reader can learn about the world of probability in an informal way. The author demystifies the law of large numbers, betting systems, random walks, the bootstrap, rare events, the central limit theorem, the Bayesian approach and more. This second edition has wider coverage, more explanations and examples and exercises, and a new chapter introducing Markov chains, making it a great choice for a first probability course. But its easy-going style makes it just as valuable if you want to learn about the subject on your own, and high school algebra is really all the mathematical background you need. |
| buffon's needle problem: The Mathematics of Oz Clifford A. Pickover, 2002-09-02 Grab a pencil. Relax. Then take off on a mind-boggling journey to the ultimate frontier of math, mind, and meaning as acclaimed author Dr Clifford Pickover, Dorothy, and Dr Oz explore some of the oddest and quirkiest highways and byways of the numerically obsessed. Prepare yourself for a shattering odyssey as The Mathematics of Oz unlocks the doors of your imagination. The thought-provoking mysteries, puzzles, and problems range from zebra numbers and circular primes to Legion's number - a number so big that it makes a trillion pale in comparison. The strange mazes, bizarre consequences, and dizzying arrays of logic problems will entertain people at all levels of mathematical sophistication. With numerous illustrations, this is an original, fun-filled, and thoroughly unique introduction to numbers and their role in creativity, computers, games, practical research, and absurd adventures that teeter on the edge of logic and insanity. The Mathematics of Oz will have you squirming in frustration and begging for more. |
| buffon's needle problem: Puzzles and Paradoxes T. H. O’Beirne, 1984-01-01 These marvelous, stimulating games for the mind include geometric paradoxes, cube and color arrangement puzzles, calendar paradoxes, much more. Detailed solutions prepare readers for puzzles of even greater complexity. |
| buffon's needle problem: Advanced Statistics with Applications in R Eugene Demidenko, 2019-11-12 Advanced Statistics with Applications in R fills the gap between several excellent theoretical statistics textbooks and many applied statistics books where teaching reduces to using existing packages. This book looks at what is under the hood. Many statistics issues including the recent crisis with p-value are caused by misunderstanding of statistical concepts due to poor theoretical background of practitioners and applied statisticians. This book is the product of a forty-year experience in teaching of probability and statistics and their applications for solving real-life problems. There are more than 442 examples in the book: basically every probability or statistics concept is illustrated with an example accompanied with an R code. Many examples, such as Who said π? What team is better? The fall of the Roman empire, James Bond chase problem, Black Friday shopping, Free fall equation: Aristotle or Galilei, and many others are intriguing. These examples cover biostatistics, finance, physics and engineering, text and image analysis, epidemiology, spatial statistics, sociology, etc. Advanced Statistics with Applications in R teaches students to use theory for solving real-life problems through computations: there are about 500 R codes and 100 datasets. These data can be freely downloaded from the author's website dartmouth.edu/~eugened. This book is suitable as a text for senior undergraduate students with major in statistics or data science or graduate students. Many researchers who apply statistics on the regular basis find explanation of many fundamental concepts from the theoretical perspective illustrated by concrete real-world applications. |
| buffon's needle problem: Probability, Statistics, and Stochastic Processes Peter Olofsson, Mikael Andersson, 2012-05-22 Praise for the First Edition . . . an excellent textbook . . . well organized and neatly written. —Mathematical Reviews . . . amazingly interesting . . . —Technometrics Thoroughly updated to showcase the interrelationships between probability, statistics, and stochastic processes, Probability, Statistics, and Stochastic Processes, Second Edition prepares readers to collect, analyze, and characterize data in their chosen fields. Beginning with three chapters that develop probability theory and introduce the axioms of probability, random variables, and joint distributions, the book goes on to present limit theorems and simulation. The authors combine a rigorous, calculus-based development of theory with an intuitive approach that appeals to readers' sense of reason and logic. Including more than 400 examples that help illustrate concepts and theory, the Second Edition features new material on statistical inference and a wealth of newly added topics, including: Consistency of point estimators Large sample theory Bootstrap simulation Multiple hypothesis testing Fisher's exact test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test Martingales, renewal processes, and Brownian motion One-way analysis of variance and the general linear model Extensively class-tested to ensure an accessible presentation, Probability, Statistics, and Stochastic Processes, Second Edition is an excellent book for courses on probability and statistics at the upper-undergraduate level. The book is also an ideal resource for scientists and engineers in the fields of statistics, mathematics, industrial management, and engineering. |
| buffon's needle problem: A Treatise on the Integral Calculus and Its Applications with Numerous Examples Isaac Todhunter, 1880 |
Gianluigi Buffon - Wikipedia
Buffon made his Serie A debut at Parma in 1995, helping Parma to win the Coppa Italia, the UEFA Cup and the Supercoppa Italiana in 1999. After joining Juventus in 2001, for the world record …
Gianluigi Buffon - Player profile - Transfermarkt
Gianluigi Buffon is the father of Louis Buffon (Pisa Primavera). Youth clubs USD Canaletto Sepor - La Spezia (1984–1986), A.S.D. Perticata calcio 1960 (1986–1990), A.S.D. Bonascola Calcio …
Italy to name Gattuso as new head coach, Buffon confirms
1 day ago · Italy are set to appoint their former midfielder Gennaro Gattuso as new head coach to replace the recently sacked Luciano Spalletti, Gianluigi Buffon, head of delegation with the …
Juventus, Italy legend Buffon retires from football aged 45
Aug 2, 2023 · Juventus and Italy great Gianluigi Buffon has announced his retirement from professional football at the age of 45.
Gianluigi Buffon: What you might not know, claims to fame and in …
Aug 29, 2024 · Former Juventus and Paris goalkeeper Gianluigi Buffon will receive the 2024 UEFA President's Award. We celebrate one of the UEFA Champions League's all-time greats.
Gianluigi Buffon retires: Five saves that defined his career
Aug 3, 2023 · As legendary Italian goalkeeper Gianluigi Buffon announced his retirement, we look back at some of the shotstopper's best saves.
The Eternal Guardian: Gianluigi Buffon Opens Up About His …
Nov 19, 2024 · With support from professionals, Buffon overcame his darkest hours, turning to art and other interests to regain balance. Buffon also opens up about his personal life, including …
Gianluigi Buffon annuncia Gattuso come nuovo commissario …
20 hours ago · Gianluigi Buffon ha fatto un annuncio che cambia le carte in tavola: Gennaro Gattuso sarà il nuovo commissario tecnico della Nazionale italiana. La notizia è stata rilasciata …
Legendary Goalkeeper Gianluigi Buffon Announces Retirement In …
Aug 2, 2023 · Legendary Italian goalkeeper Gianluigi Buffon, 45, has retired from soccer following a remarkable playing career that spanned across four decades.
Italian legend Gianluigi Buffon retires from football at 45 - France 24
Aug 2, 2023 · Gianluigi Buffon announced his retirement from football on Wednesday, bringing down the curtain on a glorious career as one of the world's greatest ever goalkeepers.
Gianluigi Buffon - Wikipedia
Buffon made his Serie A debut at Parma in 1995, helping Parma to win the Coppa Italia, the UEFA Cup and the Supercoppa Italiana in 1999. After joining Juventus in 2001, for the world record …
Gianluigi Buffon - Player profile - Transfermarkt
Gianluigi Buffon is the father of Louis Buffon (Pisa Primavera). Youth clubs USD Canaletto Sepor - La Spezia (1984–1986), A.S.D. Perticata calcio 1960 (1986–1990), A.S.D. Bonascola Calcio …
Italy to name Gattuso as new head coach, Buffon confirms
1 day ago · Italy are set to appoint their former midfielder Gennaro Gattuso as new head coach to replace the recently sacked Luciano Spalletti, Gianluigi Buffon, head of delegation with the …
Juventus, Italy legend Buffon retires from football aged 45
Aug 2, 2023 · Juventus and Italy great Gianluigi Buffon has announced his retirement from professional football at the age of 45.
Gianluigi Buffon: What you might not know, claims to fame and in …
Aug 29, 2024 · Former Juventus and Paris goalkeeper Gianluigi Buffon will receive the 2024 UEFA President's Award. We celebrate one of the UEFA Champions League's all-time greats.
Gianluigi Buffon retires: Five saves that defined his career
Aug 3, 2023 · As legendary Italian goalkeeper Gianluigi Buffon announced his retirement, we look back at some of the shotstopper's best saves.
The Eternal Guardian: Gianluigi Buffon Opens Up About His …
Nov 19, 2024 · With support from professionals, Buffon overcame his darkest hours, turning to art and other interests to regain balance. Buffon also opens up about his personal life, including …
Gianluigi Buffon annuncia Gattuso come nuovo commissario …
20 hours ago · Gianluigi Buffon ha fatto un annuncio che cambia le carte in tavola: Gennaro Gattuso sarà il nuovo commissario tecnico della Nazionale italiana. La notizia è stata rilasciata …
Legendary Goalkeeper Gianluigi Buffon Announces Retirement In …
Aug 2, 2023 · Legendary Italian goalkeeper Gianluigi Buffon, 45, has retired from soccer following a remarkable playing career that spanned across four decades.
Italian legend Gianluigi Buffon retires from football at 45 - France 24
Aug 2, 2023 · Gianluigi Buffon announced his retirement from football on Wednesday, bringing down the curtain on a glorious career as one of the world's greatest ever goalkeepers.
