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| common ancestor in biology: Understanding Evolution Kostas Kampourakis, 2014-04-03 Bringing together conceptual obstacles and core concepts of evolutionary theory, this book presents evolution as straightforward and intuitive. |
| common ancestor in biology: The Ancestor's Tale Richard Dawkins, 2004 A renowned biologist provides a sweeping chronicle of more than four billion years of life on Earth, shedding new light on evolutionary theory and history, sexual selection, speciation, extinction, and genetics. |
| common ancestor in biology: The San Francisco Bay Area Jobbank, 1995 , 1994 |
| common ancestor in biology: Principles of Biology Lisa Bartee, Walter Shiner, Catherine Creech, 2017 The Principles of Biology sequence (BI 211, 212 and 213) introduces biology as a scientific discipline for students planning to major in biology and other science disciplines. Laboratories and classroom activities introduce techniques used to study biological processes and provide opportunities for students to develop their ability to conduct research. |
| common ancestor in biology: Genetics of Adaptation Rodney Mauricio, 2005-07-20 An enduring controversy in evolutionary biology is the genetic basis of adaptation. Darwin emphasized many slight differences as the ultimate source of variation to be acted upon by natural selection. In the early 1900’s, this view was opposed by Mendelian geneticists, who emphasized the importance of macromutations in evolution. The Modern Synthesis resolved this controversy, concluding that mutations in genes of very small effect were responsible for adaptive evolution. A decade ago, Allen Orr and Jerry Coyne reexamined the evidence for this neo-Darwinian view and found that both the theoretical and empirical basis for it were weak. Orr and Coyne encouraged evolutionary biologists to reexamine this neglected question: what is the genetic basis of adaptive evolution? In this volume, a new generation of biologists have taken up this challenge. Using advances in both molecular genetic and statistical techniques, evolutionary geneticists have made considerable progress in this emerging field. In this volume, a diversity of examples from plant and animal studies provides valuable information for those interested in the genetics and evolution of complex traits. |
| common ancestor in biology: Concepts of Biology Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise, 2023-05-12 Black & white print. Concepts of Biology is designed for the typical introductory biology course for nonmajors, covering standard scope and sequence requirements. The text includes interesting applications and conveys the major themes of biology, with content that is meaningful and easy to understand. The book is designed to demonstrate biology concepts and to promote scientific literacy. |
| common ancestor in biology: Evolution of Nervous Systems Georg F. Striedter, Theodore H. Bullock, Todd M. Preuss, John Rubenstein, Leah A. Krubitzer, 2016-11-23 Evolution of Nervous Systems, Second Edition, Four Volume Set is a unique, major reference which offers the gold standard for those interested both in evolution and nervous systems. All biology only makes sense when seen in the light of evolution, and this is especially true for the nervous system. All animals have nervous systems that mediate their behaviors, many of them species specific, yet these nervous systems all evolved from the simple nervous system of a common ancestor. To understand these nervous systems, we need to know how they vary and how this variation emerged in evolution. In the first edition of this important reference work, over 100 distinguished neuroscientists assembled the current state-of-the-art knowledge on how nervous systems have evolved throughout the animal kingdom. This second edition remains rich in detail and broad in scope, outlining the changes in brain and nervous system organization that occurred from the first invertebrates and vertebrates, to present day fishes, reptiles, birds, mammals, and especially primates, including humans. The book also includes wholly new content, fully updating the chapters in the previous edition and offering brand new content on current developments in the field. Each of the volumes has been carefully restructured to offer expanded coverage of non-mammalian taxa, mammals, primates, and the human nervous system. The basic principles of brain evolution are discussed, as are mechanisms of change. The reader can select from chapters on highly specific topics or those that provide an overview of current thinking and approaches, making this an indispensable work for students and researchers alike. Presents a broad range of topics, ranging from genetic control of development in invertebrates, to human cognition, offering a one-stop resource for the evolution of nervous systems throughout the animal kingdom Incorporates the expertise of over 100 outstanding investigators who provide their conclusions in the context of the latest experimental results Presents areas of disagreement and consensus views that provide a holistic view of the subjects under discussion |
| common ancestor in biology: Reading the Story in DNA Lindell Bromham, 2008 The story in DNA, or, What kind of information can I get from DNA? -- The immortal germline, or, How do I get DNA samples? -- We are all mutants, or, How do I identify individuals? -- Endless copies, or, How do I amplify DNA? -- Descent with modification, or, How do I detect natural selection? -- Origin of species, or, How do I align DNA sequences? -- Tree of life, or, How do I construct a phylogeny? -- Tempo and mode, or, How do I estimate molecular dates? -- You are a scientist, or, What do I do now? |
| common ancestor in biology: Sequence — Evolution — Function Eugene V. Koonin, Michael Galperin, 2013-06-29 Sequence - Evolution - Function is an introduction to the computational approaches that play a critical role in the emerging new branch of biology known as functional genomics. The book provides the reader with an understanding of the principles and approaches of functional genomics and of the potential and limitations of computational and experimental approaches to genome analysis. Sequence - Evolution - Function should help bridge the digital divide between biologists and computer scientists, allowing biologists to better grasp the peculiarities of the emerging field of Genome Biology and to learn how to benefit from the enormous amount of sequence data available in the public databases. The book is non-technical with respect to the computer methods for genome analysis and discusses these methods from the user's viewpoint, without addressing mathematical and algorithmic details. Prior practical familiarity with the basic methods for sequence analysis is a major advantage, but a reader without such experience will be able to use the book as an introduction to these methods. This book is perfect for introductory level courses in computational methods for comparative and functional genomics. |
| common ancestor in biology: In the Light of Evolution National Academy of Sciences, 2007 The Arthur M. Sackler Colloquia of the National Academy of Sciences address scientific topics of broad and current interest, cutting across the boundaries of traditional disciplines. Each year, four or five such colloquia are scheduled, typically two days in length and international in scope. Colloquia are organized by a member of the Academy, often with the assistance of an organizing committee, and feature presentations by leading scientists in the field and discussions with a hundred or more researchers with an interest in the topic. Colloquia presentations are recorded and posted on the National Academy of Sciences Sackler colloquia website and published on CD-ROM. These Colloquia are made possible by a generous gift from Mrs. Jill Sackler, in memory of her husband, Arthur M. Sackler. |
| common ancestor in biology: Principles of Evolution: Systems, Species, and the History of Life Jonathan Bard, 2016-09-12 Principles of Evolution considers evolution in the context of systems biology, a contemporary approach for handling biological complexity. Evolution needs this systems perspective for three reasons. First, most activity in living organisms is driven by complex networks of proteins and this has direct implications, particularly for understanding evo-devo and for seeing how variation is initiated. Second, it provides the natural language for discussing phylogenetic trees. Third, evolutionary change involves events at levels ranging from the genome to the ecosystem and systems biology provides a context for integrating material of this complexity. Understanding evolution means, on the one hand, describing the history of life and, on the other, making sense of the principles that drove that history. The solution adopted here is to make the science of evolution the primary focus of the book and place the various parts of the history of life in the context of the research that unpicks it. This means that the history is widely distributed across the text. This concise textbook assumes that the reader has a fair amount of biological knowledge and gives equal weight to all the major themes of evolution: the fossil record, phylogenetics, evodevo, and speciation. Principles of Evolution will therefore be an interesting and thought-provoking read for honors-level undergraduates, and graduates working in the biological sciences. |
| common ancestor in biology: The Logic of Chance Eugene V. Koonin, 2011-06-23 The Logic of Chance offers a reappraisal and a new synthesis of theories, concepts, and hypotheses on the key aspects of the evolution of life on earth in light of comparative genomics and systems biology. The author presents many specific examples from systems and comparative genomic analysis to begin to build a new, much more detailed, complex, and realistic picture of evolution. The book examines a broad range of topics in evolutionary biology including the inadequacy of natural selection and adaptation as the only or even the main mode of evolution; the key role of horizontal gene transfer in evolution and the consequent overhaul of the Tree of Life concept; the central, underappreciated evolutionary importance of viruses; the origin of eukaryotes as a result of endosymbiosis; the concomitant origin of cells and viruses on the primordial earth; universal dependences between genomic and molecular-phenomic variables; and the evolving landscape of constraints that shape the evolution of genomes and molecular phenomes. Koonin's account of viral and pre-eukaryotic evolution is undoubtedly up-to-date. His mega views of evolution (given what was said above) and his cosmological musings, on the other hand, are interesting reading. Summing Up: Recommended Reprinted with permission from CHOICE, copyright by the American Library Association. |
| common ancestor in biology: Evidence and Evolution Elliott Sober, 2008-03-27 How should the concept of evidence be understood? And how does the concept of evidence apply to the controversy about creationism as well as to work in evolutionary biology about natural selection and common ancestry? In this rich and wide-ranging book, Elliott Sober investigates general questions about probability and evidence and shows how the answers he develops to those questions apply to the specifics of evolutionary biology. Drawing on a set of fascinating examples, he analyzes whether claims about intelligent design are untestable; whether they are discredited by the fact that many adaptations are imperfect; how evidence bears on whether present species trace back to common ancestors; how hypotheses about natural selection can be tested, and many other issues. His book will interest all readers who want to understand philosophical questions about evidence and evolution, as they arise both in Darwin's work and in contemporary biological research. |
| common ancestor in biology: Icons of Evolution Jonathan Wells, 2002-01-01 Everything you were taught about evolution is wrong. |
| common ancestor in biology: The Timetree of Life S. Blair Hedges, Sudhir Kumar, 2009-04-23 The evolutionary history of life includes two primary components: phylogeny and timescale. Phylogeny refers to the branching order (relationships) of species or other taxa within a group and is crucial for understanding the inheritance of traits and for erecting classifications. However, a timescale is equally important because it provides a way to compare phylogeny directly with the evolution of other organisms and with planetary history such as geology, climate, extraterrestrialimpacts, and other features.The Timetree of Life is the first reference book to synthesize the wealth of information relating to the temporal component of phylogenetic trees. In the past, biologists have relied exclusively upon the fossil record to infer an evolutionary timescale. However, recent revolutionary advances in molecular biology have made it possible to not only estimate the relationships of many groups of organisms, but also to estimate their times of divergence with molecular clocks. The routineestimation and utilization of these so-called 'time-trees' could add exciting new dimensions to biology including enhanced opportunities to integrate large molecular data sets with fossil and biogeographic evidence (and thereby foster greater communication between molecular and traditional systematists). Theycould help estimate not only ancestral character states but also evolutionary rates in numerous categories of organismal phenotype; establish more reliable associations between causal historical processes and biological outcomes; develop a universally standardized scheme for biological classifications; and generally promote novel avenues of thought in many arenas of comparative evolutionary biology.This authoritative reference work brings together, for the first time, experts on all major groups of organisms to assemble a timetree of life. The result is a comprehensive resource on evolutionary history which will be an indispensable reference for scientists, educators, and students in the life sciences, earth sciences, and molecular biology. For each major group of organism, a representative is illustrated and a timetree of families and higher taxonomic groups is shown. Basic aspects ofthe evolutionary history of the group, the fossil record, and competing hypotheses of relationships are discussed. Details of the divergence times are presented for each node in the timetree, and primary literature references are included. The book is complemented by an online database(www.timetree.net) which allows researchers to both deposit and retrieve data. |
| common ancestor in biology: The Tertiary Record of Rodents in North America William W. Korth, 1994-05-31 Nearly half of the known species of mammals alive today (more than 1600) are rodents or gnawing mammals (Nowak and Paradiso, 1983). The diversity of rodents is greater than that of any other order of mammals. Thus, it is not surprising that the fossil record of this order is extensive and fossil material of rodents from the Tertiary is known from all continents except Antarctica and Australia. The purpose of this book is to compile the published knowledge on fossil rodents from North America and present it in a way that is accessible to paleontologists and mammalogists interested in evolutionary studies of ro dents. The literature on fossil rodents is widely scattered between journals on paleontology and mammalogy and in-house publications of museums and universities. Currently, there is no single source that offers ready access to the literature on a specific family of rodents and its fossil history. This work is presented as a reference text that can be useful to specialists in rodents (fossil or recent) as weIl as mammalian paleontologists working on whole faunas. Because the diversity of rodents in the world is essentially limitless, any monograph that included all fossil rodents would similarly be limitless. Hence, this book is limited to the re cord of Tertiary rodents of North America. The several species of South American (caviomorph) rodents that invaded North America near the end of the Tertiary are also not included in this text. |
| common ancestor in biology: The Search for Life's Origins National Research Council, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, Space Studies Board, Committee on Planetary Biology and Chemical Evolution, 1990-02-01 The field of planetary biology and chemical evolution draws together experts in astronomy, paleobiology, biochemistry, and space science who work together to understand the evolution of living systems. This field has made exciting discoveries that shed light on how organic compounds came together to form self-replicating molecules-the origin of life. This volume updates that progress and offers recommendations on research programs-including an ambitious effort centered on Mars-to advance the field over the next 10 to 15 years. The book presents a wide range of data and research results on these and other issues: The biogenic elements and their interaction in the interstellar clouds and in solar nebulae. Early planetary environments and the conditions that lead to the origin of life. The evolution of cellular and multicellular life. The search for life outside the solar system. This volume will become required reading for anyone involved in the search for life's beginnings-including exobiologists, geoscientists, planetary scientists, and U.S. space and science policymakers. |
| common ancestor in biology: The Galapagos Islands Charles Darwin, 1996 |
| common ancestor in biology: Teaching About Evolution and the Nature of Science National Academy of Sciences, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Board on Science Education, Working Group on Teaching Evolution, 1998-05-06 Today many school students are shielded from one of the most important concepts in modern science: evolution. In engaging and conversational style, Teaching About Evolution and the Nature of Science provides a well-structured framework for understanding and teaching evolution. Written for teachers, parents, and community officials as well as scientists and educators, this book describes how evolution reveals both the great diversity and similarity among the Earth's organisms; it explores how scientists approach the question of evolution; and it illustrates the nature of science as a way of knowing about the natural world. In addition, the book provides answers to frequently asked questions to help readers understand many of the issues and misconceptions about evolution. The book includes sample activities for teaching about evolution and the nature of science. For example, the book includes activities that investigate fossil footprints and population growth that teachers of science can use to introduce principles of evolution. Background information, materials, and step-by-step presentations are provided for each activity. In addition, this volume: Presents the evidence for evolution, including how evolution can be observed today. Explains the nature of science through a variety of examples. Describes how science differs from other human endeavors and why evolution is one of the best avenues for helping students understand this distinction. Answers frequently asked questions about evolution. Teaching About Evolution and the Nature of Science builds on the 1996 National Science Education Standards released by the National Research Councilâ€and offers detailed guidance on how to evaluate and choose instructional materials that support the standards. Comprehensive and practical, this book brings one of today's educational challenges into focus in a balanced and reasoned discussion. It will be of special interest to teachers of science, school administrators, and interested members of the community. |
| common ancestor in biology: Biology for AP ® Courses Julianne Zedalis, John Eggebrecht, 2017-10-16 Biology for AP® courses covers the scope and sequence requirements of a typical two-semester Advanced Placement® biology course. The text provides comprehensive coverage of foundational research and core biology concepts through an evolutionary lens. Biology for AP® Courses was designed to meet and exceed the requirements of the College Board’s AP® Biology framework while allowing significant flexibility for instructors. Each section of the book includes an introduction based on the AP® curriculum and includes rich features that engage students in scientific practice and AP® test preparation; it also highlights careers and research opportunities in biological sciences. |
| common ancestor in biology: Deep Homology? Lewis I. Held, Jr, 2017-02-16 A comparison of the genetic circuits of Homo sapiens and Drosophila reveals the evidence for deep homology. |
| common ancestor in biology: The Evolution of Metabolic Function Robert P. Mortlock, 1992-05-20 The Evolution of Metabolic Function presents comprehensive discussions on a variety of topics that will interest scientists and students studying the evolution of enzyme activities, the evolution of enzymatic pathways, and the evolution and development of metabolic functions. Laboratory experiments designed to develop new enzyme activities and new metabolic pathways are discussed. The most recent techniques comparing protein and gene structures are used to analyze and discuss the evolution and development of such metabolic functions as the bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system, the mandelate pathway of microorganisms, bacterial alcohol metabolism, and certain microbial amino acid biosynthetic pathways. The book also includes some unique speculations regarding the origin of early Archaean cells and the prebiotic evolution of complex molecules. |
| common ancestor in biology: Evolution Jonathan Bard, 2021-12-31 Evolution is the single unifying principle of biology and core to everything in the life sciences. More than a century of work by scientists from across the biological spectrum has produced a detailed history of life across the phyla and explained the mechanisms by which new species form. This textbook covers both this history and the mechanisms of speciation; it also aims to provide students with the background needed to read the research literature on evolution. Students will therefore learn about cladistics, molecular phylogenies, the molecular-genetical basis of evolutionary change including the important role of protein networks, symbionts and holobionts, together with the core principles of developmental biology. The book also includes introductory appendices that provide background knowledge on, for example, the diversity of life today, fossils, the geology of Earth and the history of evolutionary thought. Key Features Summarizes the origins of life and the evolution of the eukaryotic cell and of Urbilateria, the last common ancestor of invertebrates and vertebrates. Reviews the history of life across the phyla based on the fossil record and computational phylogenetics. Explains evo-devo and the generation of anatomical novelties. Illustrates the roles of small populations, genetic drift, mutation and selection in speciation. Documents human evolution using the fossil record and evidence of dispersal across the world leading to the emergence of modern humans. |
| common ancestor in biology: Did Darwin Write the Origin Backwards? Elliott Sober, 2011-03-31 Is it accurate to label Darwin’s theory the theory of evolution by natural selection, given that the concept of common ancestry is at least as central to Darwin’s theory? Did Darwin reject the idea that group selection causes characteristics to evolve that are good for the group though bad for the individual? How does Darwin’s discussion of God in The Origin of Species square with the common view that he is the champion of methodological naturalism? These are just some of the intriguing questions raised in this volume of interconnected philosophical essays on Darwin. The author's approach is informed by modern issues in evolutionary biology, but is sensitive to the ways in which Darwin’s outlook differed from that of many biologists today. The main topics that are the focus of the book—common ancestry, group selection, sex ratio, and naturalism—have rarely been discussed in their connection with Darwin in such penetrating detail. Author Professor Sober is the 2008 winner of the Prometheus Prize. This biennial award, established in 2006 through the American Philosophical Association, is designed to honor a distinguished philosopher in recognition of his or her lifetime contribution to expanding the frontiers of research in philosophy and science. This insightful collection of essays will be of interest to philosophers, biologists, and laypersons seeking a deeper understanding of one of the most influential scientific theories ever propounded. |
| common ancestor in biology: Evolution, Origin of Life, Concepts and Methods Pierre Pontarotti, 2020-10-14 This book presents 15 selected contributions to the 22nd Evolutionary Biology Meeting, which took place in September 2018 in Marseille. They are grouped under the following major themes: · Origin of Life · Concepts and Methods · Genome and Phenotype Evolution The aims of these annual meetings in Marseille are to bring together leading evolutionary biologists and other scientists who employ evolutionary biology concepts, e.g. for medical research, and to promote the exchange of ideas and encourage interdisciplinary collaborations. Offering an up-to-date overview of recent advances in the field of evolutionary biology, this book represents an invaluable source of information for scientists, teachers and advanced students. |
| common ancestor in biology: Molecular Biology of the Cell , 2002 |
| common ancestor in biology: Opportunities in Biology National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Commission on Life Sciences, Board on Biology, Committee on Research Opportunities in Biology, 1989-01-01 Biology has entered an era in which interdisciplinary cooperation is at an all-time high, practical applications follow basic discoveries more quickly than ever before, and new technologiesâ€recombinant DNA, scanning tunneling microscopes, and moreâ€are revolutionizing the way science is conducted. The potential for scientific breakthroughs with significant implications for society has never been greater. Opportunities in Biology reports on the state of the new biology, taking a detailed look at the disciplines of biology; examining the advances made in medicine, agriculture, and other fields; and pointing out promising research opportunities. Authored by an expert panel representing a variety of viewpoints, this volume also offers recommendations on how to meet the infrastructure needsâ€for funding, effective information systems, and other supportâ€of future biology research. Exploring what has been accomplished and what is on the horizon, Opportunities in Biology is an indispensable resource for students, teachers, and researchers in all subdisciplines of biology as well as for research administrators and those in funding agencies. |
| common ancestor in biology: The Philosophy of Biology Kostas Kampourakis, 2013-06-18 This book brings together for the first time philosophers of biology to write about some of the most central concepts and issues in their field from the perspective of biology education. The chapters of the book cover a variety of topics ranging from traditional ones, such as biological explanation, biology and religion or biology and ethics, to contemporary ones, such as genomics, systems biology or evolutionary developmental biology. Each of the 30 chapters covers the respective philosophical literature in detail and makes specific suggestions for biology education. The aim of this book is to inform biology educators, undergraduate and graduate students in biology and related fields, students in teacher training programs, and curriculum developers about the current state of discussion on the major topics in the philosophy of biology and its implications for teaching biology. In addition, the book can be valuable to philosophers of biology as an introductory text in undergraduate and graduate courses. |
| common ancestor in biology: Zoological Philosophy Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet de Lamarck, 2011-11-03 Lamarck outlined his theory of 'soft inheritance', which influenced Darwin, in this 1809 work, eventually translated into English in 1914. |
| common ancestor in biology: Mathematical Population Genetics 1 Warren J. Ewens, 2012-10-01 This is the first of a planned two-volume work discussing the mathematical aspects of population genetics with an emphasis on evolutionary theory. This volume draws heavily from the author’s 1979 classic, but it has been revised and expanded to include recent topics which follow naturally from the treatment in the earlier edition, such as the theory of molecular population genetics. |
| common ancestor in biology: The Major Transitions in Evolution John Maynard Smith, Eörs Szathmáry, 1997-10-30 During evolution there have been several major changes in the way genetic information is organized and transmitted from one generation to the next. These transitions include the origin of life itself, the first eukaryotic cells, reproduction by sexual means, the appearance of multicellular plants and animals, the emergence of cooperation and of animal societies. This is the first book to discuss all these major transitions and their implications for our understanding of evolution.Clearly written and illustrated with many original diagrams, this book will be welcomed by students and researchers in the fields of evolutionary biology, ecology, and genetics. |
| common ancestor in biology: Thermophilic Bacteria Jakob K. Kristjansson, 1991-11-22 Thermophilic Bacteria is a comprehensive volume that describes all major bacterial groups that can grow above 60-65°C (excluding the Archaea). Over 60 different species of aerobic and anaerobic thermophilic bacteria are covered. Isolation, growth methods, characterization and identification, ecology, metabolism, and enzymology of thermophilic bacteria are examined in detail, and an extensive compilation of recent biotechnological applications and the properties of many thermostable enzymes are also included. Major topics discussed in the book include a general review on thermophilic bacteria and archaea; heterotropic bacilli; the genus Thermus; new and rare genera of aerobic heterophophs, such as Saccharococcus, Rhodothermus, and Scotohermus; aerobic chemolithoautotrophic thermophilic bacteria; obligately anaerobic thermophilic bacteria; and hyperthermophilic Thermotogales and thermophilic phototrophs. Extensive bibliographies are also provided for each chapter. The vast amount of information packed into this one volume makes it essential for all microbiologists, biochemists, molecular biologists, and students interested in the expanding field of thermophilicity. Biotechnologists will find the book useful as a source of information on thermophiles or thermostable enzymes of possible industrial use. |
| common ancestor in biology: Science and Human Origins Ann Gauger, Douglas Axe, Casey Luskin, 2012 Evidence for a purely Darwinian account of human origins is supposed to be overwhelming. But is it? In this provocative book, three scientists challenge the claim that undirected natural selection is capable of building a human being, critically assess fossil and genetic evidence that human beings share a common ancestor with apes, and debunk recent claims that the human race could not have started from an original couple. |
| common ancestor in biology: Mammalogy George A. Feldhamer, 2007-09-07 The Class Mammalia is amazingly diverse, ranging from whales to marsupials to bats to primates. The more than 5,400 species occupy many habitats, with mammals present on all the continents. They are rare only on Antarctica and a few isolated islands. Mammals present a complex set of conservation and management issues. Some species have become more numerous with the rise of human populations, while others have been extirpated or nearly so—such as the Caribbean monk seal, the thylacine, the Chinese river dolphin, and the Pyrenean ibex. In this new edition of their classic textbook, George A. Feldhamer and his colleagues cover the many aspects of mammalogy. Thoroughly revised and updated, this edition includes treatments of the most recent significant findings in ordinal-level mammalian phylogeny and taxonomy; special topics such as parasites and diseases, conservation, and domesticated mammals; interrelationships between mammalian structure and function; and the latest molecular techniques used to study mammals. Instructors: email mammalogy@press.jhu.edu for a free instructor resource disc containing all 510 illustrations printed in Mammalogy: Adaptation, Diversity, Ecology, third edition. |
| common ancestor in biology: Astrobiology Akihiko Yamagishi, Takeshi Kakegawa, Tomohiro Usui, 2019-02-27 This book provides concise and cutting-edge reviews in astrobiology, a young and still emerging multidisciplinary field of science that addresses the fundamental questions of how life originated and diversified on Earth, whether life exists beyond Earth, and what is the future for life on Earth. Readers will find coverage of the latest understanding of a wide range of fascinating topics, including, for example, solar system formation, the origins of life, the history of Earth as revealed by geology, the evolution of intelligence on Earth, the implications of genome data, insights from extremophile research, and the possible existence of life on other planets within and beyond the solar system. Each chapter contains a brief summary of the current status of the topic under discussion, sufficient references to enable more detailed study, and descriptions of recent findings and forthcoming missions or anticipated research. Written by leading experts in astronomy, planetary science, geoscience, chemistry, biology, and physics, this insightful and thought-provoking book will appeal to all students and scientists who are interested in life and space. |
| common ancestor in biology: From So Simple a Beginning Charles Darwin, 2010-08-31 Hailed as superior by Nature, this landmark volume is available in a collectible, boxed edition. Never before have the four great works of Charles Darwin—Voyage of the H.M.S. Beagle (1845), The Origin of Species (1859), The Descent of Man (1871), and The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals (1872)—been collected under one cover. Undertaking this challenging endeavor 123 years after Darwin's death, two-time Pulitzer Prize winner Edward O. Wilson has written an introductory essay for the occasion, while providing new, insightful introductions to each of the four volumes and an afterword that examines the fate of evolutionary theory in an era of religious resistance. In addition, Wilson has crafted a creative new index to accompany these four texts, which links the nineteenth-century, Darwinian evolutionary concepts to contemporary biological thought. Beautifully slipcased, and including restored versions of the original illustrations, From So Simple a Beginning turns our attention to the astounding power of the natural creative process and the magnificence of its products. |
| common ancestor in biology: Science, Evolution, and Creationism Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences, Committee on Revising Science and Creationism: A View from the National Academy of Sciences, 2008-01-28 How did life evolve on Earth? The answer to this question can help us understand our past and prepare for our future. Although evolution provides credible and reliable answers, polls show that many people turn away from science, seeking other explanations with which they are more comfortable. In the book Science, Evolution, and Creationism, a group of experts assembled by the National Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Medicine explain the fundamental methods of science, document the overwhelming evidence in support of biological evolution, and evaluate the alternative perspectives offered by advocates of various kinds of creationism, including intelligent design. The book explores the many fascinating inquiries being pursued that put the science of evolution to work in preventing and treating human disease, developing new agricultural products, and fostering industrial innovations. The book also presents the scientific and legal reasons for not teaching creationist ideas in public school science classes. Mindful of school board battles and recent court decisions, Science, Evolution, and Creationism shows that science and religion should be viewed as different ways of understanding the world rather than as frameworks that are in conflict with each other and that the evidence for evolution can be fully compatible with religious faith. For educators, students, teachers, community leaders, legislators, policy makers, and parents who seek to understand the basis of evolutionary science, this publication will be an essential resource. |
| common ancestor in biology: Science, Meaning, & Evolution Basarab Nicolescu, 1991 A thought-provoking study of the links or correspondences between modern research in quantum physics and the ideas of the great religious traditions of the past, with emphasis on the cosmology of Jacob Boehme. Includes selections from Boehme's writings. |
| common ancestor in biology: On the Origin of Species Illustrated Charles Darwin, 2020-12-04 On the Origin of Species (or, more completely, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life),[3] published on 24 November 1859, is a work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin which is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology.[4] Darwin's book introduced the scientific theory that populations evolve over the course of generations through a process of natural selection. It presented a body of evidence that the diversity of life arose by common descent through a branching pattern of evolution. Darwin included evidence that he had gathered on the Beagle expedition in the 1830s and his subsequent findings from research, correspondence, and experimentation. |
| common ancestor in biology: The Vital Question Nick Lane, 2015-04-23 Why is life the way it is? Bacteria evolved into complex life just once in four billion years of life on earth-and all complex life shares many strange properties, from sex to ageing and death. If life evolved on other planets, would it be the same or completely different? In The Vital Question, Nick Lane radically reframes evolutionary history, putting forward a cogent solution to conundrums that have troubled scientists for decades. The answer, he argues, lies in energy: how all life on Earth lives off a voltage with the strength of a bolt of lightning. In unravelling these scientific enigmas, making sense of life's quirks, Lane's explanation provides a solution to life's vital questions: why are we as we are, and why are we here at all? This is ground-breaking science in an accessible form, in the tradition of Charles Darwin's The Origin of Species, Richard Dawkins' The Selfish Gene, and Jared Diamond's Guns, Germs and Steel. |
Science Evolution and natural selection Evidence for evolution
Homologous structures provide evidence for common ancestry, while analogous structures show that similar selective pressures can produce similar adaptations (beneficial features).
Common Ancestry - Kids Zoo
Dec 8, 2023 · Background Knowledge – •Anatomy: bodily structure of humans, animals, and other living organisms •Ancestor: someone you descended from •Extinct: died out, no longer living …
Cladograms - AP - Mrs. Franklin's Classroom
Synapomorphies refer to the traits that are most recently inherited by a common ancestor. Organism that share this trait are thought to be more closely related than others in the cladogram.
Evidence for Common Ancestry - University of Utah
Jun 24, 2020 · Visit the online interactive Evidence for Common Ancestry, on Learn.Genetics.utah.edu. 2. In the table below, mark which types of evidence are used to …
PCB_Lect11_Phylogen_Trees.ppt
Phylogenetic (evolutionary) Tree showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological species or other entities that are believed to have a common ancestor. Each node is called a …
Lesson Plan: Evidence of Common Ancestry - CollectEdNY
Oct 4, 2018 · “Evidence for common ancestry can be found in the fossil record, from comparative anatomy and embryology, from the similarities of cellular processes and structures, and from …
AP Biology Sample Student Responses and Scoring …
(a) Use the phylogenetic tree in Figure 1 to estimate the age in hundreds of thousands of years of the most recent common ancestor of all brown bears. Identify the population of brown bears to …
Cenancestor, the Last Universal Common Ancestor
The modern research on the nature of the last common ancestor (LCA) or cenancestor (Fitch and Upper 1987) is obviously a major trend in present biology (Morange 2009, 2011) and began …
Concepts of the Last Eukaryotic Common Ancestor
To facilitate interpretations of these reconstructions and the inferred evolutionary histories of ancestral organisms, researchers use concepts such as the Last Universal Common Ancestor …
CHAPTER 25
Sister taxa are groups of organisms that share an immediate common ancestor. A rooted tree includes the last common ancestor to all taxa in the tree. polytomy, or branch point from which …
The physiology and habitat of the last universal common …
Jul 25, 2016 · The concept of a last universal common ancestor of all cells (LUCA, or the progenote) is central to the study of early evolution and life’s origin, yet information about how …
1.The theory that birds and reptiles share common ancestry is …
1.The theory that birds and reptiles share common ancestry is supported by the evidence that they both nd reptiles share common ancestry is su occupy similar niches have similar …
Microsoft Word - evidence of evolution.docx - BIOLOGY4ISC
The existence of homology in the structural plan of limbs of vertebrates can be explained on the basis that all of them have evolved from common ancestors. Thus, homology in structural …
Natural Selection, Evolution and Speciation - Edexcel Biology …
More than 2000 different species of cichlid fish have been identified in lakes and rivers in Africa. The different species of cichlid fish have evolved from a common ancestor over a short period …
Practice Questions 1: Evolution - lecoursedebiase.com
The diagram below represents the bones of the forelimbs of two animals alive today that most likely evolved from a common ancestor. Members of the original ancestral population were …
Universal common ancestry, LUCA, and the Tree of Life: three …
Common ancestry is a central feature of the theory of evolution, yet it is not clear what “common ancestry” actually means; nor is it clear how it is related to other terms such as “the Tree of …
Chapter 20 Active Reading Guide Phylogeny - WordPress.com
related. 7. Here is a phylogenetic tree. Recall that branch points represent common ancestors of t. e two lineages beyond the branch or node. Circle the common ancestor of badgers and otters, …
AP Biology Chapter 20—Phylogeny and the Tree of Li
________ 6) Here is a phylogenetic tree (figure 20.4). Recall that branch points represent common a. cestors of the two lineages beyond the branch or node. Circle the common …
Be introduced to the First Universal Common Ancestor (FUCA …
Jun 4, 2018 · The Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA) has been normally considered as the ancestor of cellular organisms that originated the three domains of life: Bacteria, Archaea and …
Microsoft Word - Evolution # 4 Cladistics.doc - Integrative …
In cladistics, we use new (derived) traits shared by all descendants of a common ancestor (synapomorphies) to determine monophyletic groupings which include the common ancestor …
Science Evolution and natural selection Evidence for evolution
Homologous structures provide evidence for common ancestry, while analogous structures show that similar selective pressures can produce similar adaptations (beneficial features).
Common Ancestry - Kids Zoo
Dec 8, 2023 · Background Knowledge – •Anatomy: bodily structure of humans, animals, and other living organisms •Ancestor: someone you descended from •Extinct: died out, no longer living …
Cladograms - AP - Mrs. Franklin's Classroom
Synapomorphies refer to the traits that are most recently inherited by a common ancestor. Organism that share this trait are thought to be more closely related than others in the cladogram.
Evidence for Common Ancestry - University of Utah
Jun 24, 2020 · Visit the online interactive Evidence for Common Ancestry, on Learn.Genetics.utah.edu. 2. In the table below, mark which types of evidence are used to …
PCB_Lect11_Phylogen_Trees.ppt
Phylogenetic (evolutionary) Tree showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological species or other entities that are believed to have a common ancestor. Each node is called a …
Lesson Plan: Evidence of Common Ancestry - CollectEdNY
Oct 4, 2018 · “Evidence for common ancestry can be found in the fossil record, from comparative anatomy and embryology, from the similarities of cellular processes and structures, and from …
AP Biology Sample Student Responses and Scoring …
(a) Use the phylogenetic tree in Figure 1 to estimate the age in hundreds of thousands of years of the most recent common ancestor of all brown bears. Identify the population of brown bears to …
Cenancestor, the Last Universal Common Ancestor
The modern research on the nature of the last common ancestor (LCA) or cenancestor (Fitch and Upper 1987) is obviously a major trend in present biology (Morange 2009, 2011) and began …
Concepts of the Last Eukaryotic Common Ancestor
To facilitate interpretations of these reconstructions and the inferred evolutionary histories of ancestral organisms, researchers use concepts such as the Last Universal Common Ancestor …
CHAPTER 25
Sister taxa are groups of organisms that share an immediate common ancestor. A rooted tree includes the last common ancestor to all taxa in the tree. polytomy, or branch point from which …
The physiology and habitat of the last universal common …
Jul 25, 2016 · The concept of a last universal common ancestor of all cells (LUCA, or the progenote) is central to the study of early evolution and life’s origin, yet information about how …
1.The theory that birds and reptiles share common ancestry is …
1.The theory that birds and reptiles share common ancestry is supported by the evidence that they both nd reptiles share common ancestry is su occupy similar niches have similar …
Microsoft Word - evidence of evolution.docx - BIOLOGY4ISC
The existence of homology in the structural plan of limbs of vertebrates can be explained on the basis that all of them have evolved from common ancestors. Thus, homology in structural …
Natural Selection, Evolution and Speciation - Edexcel Biology …
More than 2000 different species of cichlid fish have been identified in lakes and rivers in Africa. The different species of cichlid fish have evolved from a common ancestor over a short period …
Practice Questions 1: Evolution - lecoursedebiase.com
The diagram below represents the bones of the forelimbs of two animals alive today that most likely evolved from a common ancestor. Members of the original ancestral population were …
Universal common ancestry, LUCA, and the Tree of Life: three …
Common ancestry is a central feature of the theory of evolution, yet it is not clear what “common ancestry” actually means; nor is it clear how it is related to other terms such as “the Tree of …
Chapter 20 Active Reading Guide Phylogeny - WordPress.com
related. 7. Here is a phylogenetic tree. Recall that branch points represent common ancestors of t. e two lineages beyond the branch or node. Circle the common ancestor of badgers and otters, …
AP Biology Chapter 20—Phylogeny and the Tree of Li
________ 6) Here is a phylogenetic tree (figure 20.4). Recall that branch points represent common a. cestors of the two lineages beyond the branch or node. Circle the common …
Be introduced to the First Universal Common Ancestor …
Jun 4, 2018 · The Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA) has been normally considered as the ancestor of cellular organisms that originated the three domains of life: Bacteria, Archaea and …
Microsoft Word - Evolution # 4 Cladistics.doc - Integrative …
In cladistics, we use new (derived) traits shared by all descendants of a common ancestor (synapomorphies) to determine monophyletic groupings which include the common ancestor …
