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| communalities in factor analysis: Discovering Statistics Using R Andy Field, Jeremy Miles, Zoë Field, 2012-03-07 Keeping the uniquely humorous and self-deprecating style that has made students across the world fall in love with Andy Field′s books, Discovering Statistics Using R takes students on a journey of statistical discovery using R, a free, flexible and dynamically changing software tool for data analysis that is becoming increasingly popular across the social and behavioural sciences throughout the world. The journey begins by explaining basic statistical and research concepts before a guided tour of the R software environment. Next you discover the importance of exploring and graphing data, before moving onto statistical tests that are the foundations of the rest of the book (for example correlation and regression). You will then stride confidently into intermediate level analyses such as ANOVA, before ending your journey with advanced techniques such as MANOVA and multilevel models. Although there is enough theory to help you gain the necessary conceptual understanding of what you′re doing, the emphasis is on applying what you learn to playful and real-world examples that should make the experience more fun than you might expect. Like its sister textbooks, Discovering Statistics Using R is written in an irreverent style and follows the same ground-breaking structure and pedagogical approach. The core material is augmented by a cast of characters to help the reader on their way, together with hundreds of examples, self-assessment tests to consolidate knowledge, and additional website material for those wanting to learn more. Given this book′s accessibility, fun spirit, and use of bizarre real-world research it should be essential for anyone wanting to learn about statistics using the freely-available R software. |
| communalities in factor analysis: Best Practices in Exploratory Factor Analysis Jason W. Osborne, 2014-07-23 Best Practices in Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) is a practitioner-oriented look at this popular and often-misunderstood statistical technique. We avoid formulas and matrix algebra, instead focusing on evidence-based best practices so you can focus on getting the most from your data.Each chapter reviews important concepts, uses real-world data to provide authentic examples of analyses, and provides guidance for interpreting the results of these analysis. Not only does this book clarify often-confusing issues like various extraction techniques, what rotation is really rotating, and how to use parallel analysis and MAP criteria to decide how many factors you have, but it also introduces replication statistics and bootstrap analysis so that you can better understand how precisely your data are helping you estimate population parameters. Bootstrap analysis also informs readers of your work as to the likelihood of replication, which can give you more credibility. At the end of each chapter, the author has recommendations as to how to enhance your mastery of the material, including access to the data sets used in the chapter through his web site. Other resources include syntax and macros for easily incorporating these progressive aspects of exploratory factor analysis into your practice. The web site will also include enrichment activities, answer keys to select exercises, and other resources. The fourth best practices book by the author, Best Practices in Exploratory Factor Analysis continues the tradition of clearly-written, accessible guides for those just learning quantitative methods or for those who have been researching for decades.NEW in August 2014! Chapters on factor scores, higher-order factor analysis, and reliability. Chapters: 1 INTRODUCTION TO EXPLORATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS 2 EXTRACTION AND ROTATION 3 SAMPLE SIZE MATTERS 4 REPLICATION STATISTICS IN EFA 5 BOOTSTRAP APPLICATIONS IN EFA 6 DATA CLEANING AND EFA 7 ARE FACTOR SCORES A GOOD IDEA? 8 HIGHER ORDER FACTORS 9 AFTER THE EFA: INTERNAL CONSISTENCY 10 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS |
| communalities in factor analysis: A Step-by-Step Approach to Using SAS for Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling Larry Hatcher, Norm O'Rourke, 2013-03-01 Annotation Structural equation modeling (SEM) has become one of the most important statistical procedures in the social and behavioral sciences. This easy-to-understand guide makes SEM accessible to all userseven those whose training in statistics is limited or who have never used SAS. It gently guides users through the basics of using SAS and shows how to perform some of the most sophisticated data-analysis procedures used by researchers: exploratory factor analysis, path analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling. It shows how to perform analyses with user-friendly PROC CALIS, and offers solutions for problems often encountered in real-world research. This second edition contains new material on sample-size estimation for path analysis and structural equation modeling. In a single user-friendly volume, students and researchers will find all the information they need in order to master SAS basics before moving on to factor analysis, path analysis, and other advanced statistical procedures. |
| communalities in factor analysis: Statistical Methods in Social Science Research S P Mukherjee, Bikas K Sinha, Asis Kumar Chattopadhyay, 2018-10-05 This book presents various recently developed and traditional statistical techniques, which are increasingly being applied in social science research. The social sciences cover diverse phenomena arising in society, the economy and the environment, some of which are too complex to allow concrete statements; some cannot be defined by direct observations or measurements; some are culture- (or region-) specific, while others are generic and common. Statistics, being a scientific method – as distinct from a ‘science’ related to any one type of phenomena – is used to make inductive inferences regarding various phenomena. The book addresses both qualitative and quantitative research (a combination of which is essential in social science research) and offers valuable supplementary reading at an advanced level for researchers. |
| communalities in factor analysis: Factor Analysis Richard L. Gorsuch, 2014-11-27 Comprehensive and comprehensible, this classic text covers the basic and advanced topics essential for using factor analysis as a scientific tool in psychology, education, sociology, and related areas. Emphasizing the usefulness of the techniques, it presents sufficient mathematical background for understanding and applying its use. This includes the theory as well as the empirical evaluations. The overall goal is to show readers how to use factor analysis in their substantive research by highlighting when the differences in mathematical procedures have a major impact on the substantive conclusions, when the differences are not relevant, and when factor analysis might not be the best procedure to use. Although the original version was written years ago, the book maintains its relevance today by providing readers with a thorough understanding of the basic mathematical models so they can easily apply these models to their own research. Readers are presented with a very complete picture of the inner workings of these methods. The new Introduction highlights the remarkably few changes that the author would make if he were writing the book today. An ideal text for courses on factor analysis or as a supplement for multivariate analysis, structural equation modeling, or advanced quantitative techniques taught in psychology, education, and other social and behavioral sciences, researchers who use these techniques also appreciate this book’s thorough review of the basic models. Prerequisites include a graduate level course on statistics and a basic understanding of algebra. Sections with an asterisk can be skipped entirely if preferred. |
| communalities in factor analysis: Making Sense of Factor Analysis Marjorie A. Pett, Nancy R. Lackey, John J. Sullivan, 2003-03-21 Many health care practitioners and researchers are aware of the need to employ factor analysis in order to develop more sensitive instruments for data collection. Unfortunately, factor analysis is not a unidimensional approach that is easily understood by even the most experienced of researchers. Making Sense of Factor Analysis: The Use of Factor Analysis for Instrument Development in Health Care Research presents a straightforward explanation of the complex statistical procedures involved in factor analysis. Authors Marjorie A. Pett, Nancy M. Lackey, and John J. Sullivan provide a step-by-step approach to analyzing data using statistical computer packages like SPSS and SAS. Emphasizing the interrelationship between factor analysis and test construction, the authors examine numerous practical and theoretical decisions that must be made to efficiently run and accurately interpret the outcomes of these sophisticated computer programs. This accessible volume will help both novice and experienced health care professionals to Increase their knowledge of the use of factor analysis in health care research Understand journal articles that report the use of factor analysis in test construction and instrument development Create new data collection instruments Examine the reliability and structure of existing health care instruments Interpret and report computer-generated output from a factor analysis run Making Sense of Factor Analysis: The Use of Factor Analysis for Instrument Development in Health Care Research offers a practical method for developing tests, validating instruments, and reporting outcomes through the use of factor analysis. To facilitate learning, the authors provide concrete testing examples, three appendices of additional information, and a glossary of key terms. Ideal for graduate level nursing students, this book is also an invaluable resource for health care researchers. |
| communalities in factor analysis: Introduction to Factor Analysis Jae-On Kim, Charles W. Mueller, 1978-11 Describes the mathematical and logical foundations at a level that does not presume advanced mathematical or statistical skills. It illustrates how to do factor analysis with several of the more popular packaged computer programs. |
| communalities in factor analysis: Factor Analysis Jae-On Kim, Charles W. Mueller, 1978-11 Describes various commonly used methods of initial factoring and factor rotation. In addition to a full discussion of exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and various methods of constructing factor scales are also presented. |
| communalities in factor analysis: Exploratory Factor Analysis Leandre R. Fabrigar, Duane T. Wegener, 2012-01-12 This book provides a non-mathematical introduction to the theory and application of Exploratory Factor Analysis. Among the issues discussed are the use of confirmatory versus exploratory factor analysis, the use of principal components analysis versus common factor analysis, and procedures for determining the appropriate number of factors. |
| communalities in factor analysis: The Essentials of Factor Analysis Dennis Child, 2006-06-23 |
| communalities in factor analysis: Methods of Multivariate Analysis Alvin C. Rencher, 2003-04-14 Amstat News asked three review editors to rate their top five favorite books in the September 2003 issue. Methods of Multivariate Analysis was among those chosen. When measuring several variables on a complex experimental unit, it is often necessary to analyze the variables simultaneously, rather than isolate them and consider them individually. Multivariate analysis enables researchers to explore the joint performance of such variables and to determine the effect of each variable in the presence of the others. The Second Edition of Alvin Rencher's Methods of Multivariate Analysis provides students of all statistical backgrounds with both the fundamental and more sophisticated skills necessary to master the discipline. To illustrate multivariate applications, the author provides examples and exercises based on fifty-nine real data sets from a wide variety of scientific fields. Rencher takes a methods approach to his subject, with an emphasis on how students and practitioners can employ multivariate analysis in real-life situations. The Second Edition contains revised and updated chapters from the critically acclaimed First Edition as well as brand-new chapters on: Cluster analysis Multidimensional scaling Correspondence analysis Biplots Each chapter contains exercises, with corresponding answers and hints in the appendix, providing students the opportunity to test and extend their understanding of the subject. Methods of Multivariate Analysis provides an authoritative reference for statistics students as well as for practicing scientists and clinicians. |
| communalities in factor analysis: A Concise Guide to Market Research Marko Sarstedt, Erik Mooi, 2014-08-07 This accessible, practice-oriented and compact text provides a hands-on introduction to market research. Using the market research process as a framework, it explains how to collect and describe data and presents the most important and frequently used quantitative analysis techniques, such as ANOVA, regression analysis, factor analysis and cluster analysis. The book describes the theoretical choices a market researcher has to make with regard to each technique, discusses how these are converted into actions in IBM SPSS version 22 and how to interpret the output. Each chapter concludes with a case study that illustrates the process using real-world data. A comprehensive Web appendix includes additional analysis techniques, datasets, video files and case studies. Tags in the text allow readers to quickly access Web content with their mobile device. The new edition features: Stronger emphasis on the gathering and analysis of secondary data (e.g., internet and social networking data) New material on data description (e.g., outlier detection and missing value analysis) Improved use of educational elements such as learning objectives, keywords, self-assessment tests, case studies, and much more Streamlined and simplified coverage of the data analysis techniques with more rules-of-thumb Uses IBM SPSS version 22 |
| communalities in factor analysis: Applied Statistics and Multivariate Data Analysis for Business and Economics Thomas Cleff, 2019-07-10 This textbook will familiarize students in economics and business, as well as practitioners, with the basic principles, techniques, and applications of applied statistics, statistical testing, and multivariate data analysis. Drawing on practical examples from the business world, it demonstrates the methods of univariate, bivariate, and multivariate statistical analysis. The textbook covers a range of topics, from data collection and scaling to the presentation and simple univariate analysis of quantitative data, while also providing advanced analytical procedures for assessing multivariate relationships. Accordingly, it addresses all topics typically covered in university courses on statistics and advanced applied data analysis. In addition, it does not limit itself to presenting applied methods, but also discusses the related use of Excel, SPSS, and Stata. |
| communalities in factor analysis: Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Applied Research, Second Edition Timothy A. Brown, 2015-01-07 This accessible book has established itself as the go-to resource on confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for its emphasis on practical and conceptual aspects rather than mathematics or formulas. Detailed, worked-through examples drawn from psychology, management, and sociology studies illustrate the procedures, pitfalls, and extensions of CFA methodology. The text shows how to formulate, program, and interpret CFA models using popular latent variable software packages (LISREL, Mplus, EQS, SAS/CALIS); understand the similarities ... |
| communalities in factor analysis: Introduction to Statistics in Psychology Dennis Howitt, Duncan Cramer, 2008 Introduction to Statistics in Psychology4th edition is the complete guide to statistics for psychology students. Its range is exceptional in order to meet student needs throughout their undergraduate degree and beyond. By keeping to simple mathematics, step by step explanations of all the important statistical concepts, tests and procedures ensure that students understand data analysis properly. Pedagogical features such as ‘research design issues’, ‘calculations’ and the advice boxes help structure study into manageable sections whilst the overview and key points help with revision. Plus this 4th edition includes even more examples to bring to life how different statistical tests can be used in different areas of psychology. |
| communalities in factor analysis: Modern Factor Analysis Harry H. Harman, 1976-04 Foundations of factor analysis; Direct factor analysis methods; Derived factor solutions; Factor measurements. |
| communalities in factor analysis: Factor analysis and principal component analysis Di Franco, Marradi, 2013 |
| communalities in factor analysis: Handbook of Latent Variable and Related Models , 2011-08-11 This Handbook covers latent variable models, which are a flexible class of models for modeling multivariate data to explore relationships among observed and latent variables. - Covers a wide class of important models - Models and statistical methods described provide tools for analyzing a wide spectrum of complicated data - Includes illustrative examples with real data sets from business, education, medicine, public health and sociology. - Demonstrates the use of a wide variety of statistical, computational, and mathematical techniques. |
| communalities in factor analysis: Modern Factor Analysis Harry Horace Harman, 2003-01-01 |
| communalities in factor analysis: Multivariate Analysis Klaus Backhaus, Bernd Erichson, Sonja Gensler, Rolf Weiber, Thomas Weiber, 2021-10-13 Data can be extremely valuable if we are able to extract information from them. This is why multivariate data analysis is essential for business and science. This book offers an easy-to-understand introduction to the most relevant methods of multivariate data analysis. It is strictly application-oriented, requires little knowledge of mathematics and statistics, demonstrates the procedures with numerical examples and illustrates each method via a case study solved with IBM’s statistical software package SPSS. Extensions of the methods and links to other procedures are discussed and recommendations for application are given. An introductory chapter presents the basic ideas of the multivariate methods covered in the book and refreshes statistical basics which are relevant to all methods. Contents Introduction to empirical data analysis Regression analysis Analysis of variance Discriminant analysis Logistic regression Contingency analysis Factor analysis Cluster analysis Conjoint analysis The original German version is now available in its 16th edition. In 2015, this book was honored by the Federal Association of German Market and Social Researchers as “the textbook that has shaped market research and practice in German-speaking countries”. A Chinese version is available in its 3rd edition. On the website www.multivariate-methods.info, the authors further analyze the data with Excel and R and provide additional material to facilitate the understanding of the different multivariate methods. In addition, interactive flashcards are available to the reader for reviewing selected focal points. Download the Springer Nature Flashcards App and use exclusive content to test your knowledge. |
| communalities in factor analysis: Making Sense of Multivariate Data Analysis John Spicer, 2005 A short introduction to the subject, this text is aimed at students & practitioners in the behavioural & social sciences. It offers a conceptual overview of the foundations of MDA & of a range of specific techniques including multiple regression, logistic regression & log-linear analysis. |
| communalities in factor analysis: Factor Analysis Edward E. Cureton, Ralph B. D'Agostino, 2013-11-19 First published in 1993. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company. |
| communalities in factor analysis: Handbook of Applied Multivariate Statistics and Mathematical Modeling Howard E.A. Tinsley, Steven D. Brown, 2000-05-22 Multivariate statistics and mathematical models provide flexible and powerful tools essential in most disciplines. Nevertheless, many practicing researchers lack an adequate knowledge of these techniques, or did once know the techniques, but have not been able to keep abreast of new developments. The Handbook of Applied Multivariate Statistics and Mathematical Modeling explains the appropriate uses of multivariate procedures and mathematical modeling techniques, and prescribe practices that enable applied researchers to use these procedures effectively without needing to concern themselves with the mathematical basis. The Handbook emphasizes using models and statistics as tools. The objective of the book is to inform readers about which tool to use to accomplish which task. Each chapter begins with a discussion of what kinds of questions a particular technique can and cannot answer. As multivariate statistics and modeling techniques are useful across disciplines, these examples include issues of concern in biological and social sciences as well as the humanities. |
| communalities in factor analysis: Exploratory Factor Analysis W. Holmes Finch, 2019-09-05 A firm knowledge of factor analysis is key to understanding much published research in the social and behavioral sciences. Exploratory Factor Analysis by W. Holmes Finch provides a solid foundation in exploratory factor analysis (EFA), which along with confirmatory factor analysis, represents one of the two major strands in this field. The book lays out the mathematical foundations of EFA; explores the range of methods for extracting the initial factor structure; explains factor rotation; and outlines the methods for determining the number of factors to retain in EFA. The concluding chapter addresses a number of other key issues in EFA, such as determining the appropriate sample size for a given research problem, and the handling of missing data. It also offers brief introductions to exploratory structural equation modeling, and multilevel models for EFA. Example computer code, and the annotated output for all of the examples included in the text are available on an accompanying website. |
| communalities in factor analysis: Places Rated Almanac David Savageau, 1993 This sometimes controversial bestseller, completely updated with all new statistics, is packed with timely facts and unbiased information on more than 300 metropolitan areas in the U.S. and Canada. Each city is ranked according to costs of living, crime rates, cultural life, and environmental factors. |
| communalities in factor analysis: Data Analysis with IBM SPSS Statistics Kenneth Stehlik-Barry, Anthony J. Babinec, 2017-09-22 Master data management & analysis techniques with IBM SPSS Statistics 24 About This Book Leverage the power of IBM SPSS Statistics to perform efficient statistical analysis of your data Choose the right statistical technique to analyze different types of data and build efficient models from your data with ease Overcome any hurdle that you might come across while learning the different SPSS Statistics concepts with clear instructions, tips and tricks Who This Book Is For This book is designed for analysts and researchers who need to work with data to discover meaningful patterns but do not have the time (or inclination) to become programmers. We assume a foundational understanding of statistics such as one would learn in a basic course or two on statistical techniques and methods. What You Will Learn Install and set up SPSS to create a working environment for analytics Techniques for exploring data visually and statistically, assessing data quality and addressing issues related to missing data How to import different kinds of data and work with it Organize data for analytical purposes (create new data elements, sampling, weighting, subsetting, and restructure your data) Discover basic relationships among data elements (bivariate data patterns, differences in means, correlations) Explore multivariate relationships Leverage the offerings to draw accurate insights from your research, and benefit your decision-making In Detail SPSS Statistics is a software package used for logical batched and non-batched statistical analysis. Analytical tools such as SPSS can readily provide even a novice user with an overwhelming amount of information and a broad range of options for analyzing patterns in the data. The journey starts with installing and configuring SPSS Statistics for first use and exploring the data to understand its potential (as well as its limitations). Use the right statistical analysis technique such as regression, classification and more, and analyze your data in the best possible manner. Work with graphs and charts to visualize your findings. With this information in hand, the discovery of patterns within the data can be undertaken. Finally, the high level objective of developing predictive models that can be applied to other situations will be addressed. By the end of this book, you will have a firm understanding of the various statistical analysis techniques offered by SPSS Statistics, and be able to master its use for data analysis with ease. Style and approach Provides a practical orientation to understanding a set of data and examining the key relationships among the data elements. Shows useful visualizations to enhance understanding and interpretation. Outlines a roadmap that focuses the process so decision regarding how to proceed can be made easily. |
| communalities in factor analysis: A Step-by-Step Guide to Exploratory Factor Analysis with R and RStudio Marley Watkins, 2020-12-29 This is a concise, easy to use, step-by-step guide for applied researchers conducting exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using the open source software R. In this book, Dr. Watkins systematically reviews each decision step in EFA with screen shots of R and RStudio code, and recommends evidence-based best practice procedures. This is an eminently applied, practical approach with few or no formulas and is aimed at readers with little to no mathematical background. Dr. Watkins maintains an accessible tone throughout and uses minimal jargon and formula to help facilitate grasp of the key issues users will face while applying EFA, along with how to implement, interpret, and report results. Copious scholarly references and quotations are included to support the reader in responding to editorial reviews. This is a valuable resource for upper-level undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as for more experienced researchers undertaking multivariate or structure equation modeling courses across the behavioral, medical, and social sciences. |
| communalities in factor analysis: Latent Variable Models John C. Loehlin, 2004-05-20 This book introduces multiple-latent variable models by utilizing path diagrams to explain the underlying relationships in the models. This approach helps less mathematically inclined students grasp the underlying relationships between path analysis, factor analysis, and structural equation modeling more easily. A few sections of the book make use of elementary matrix algebra. An appendix on the topic is provided for those who need a review. The author maintains an informal style so as to increase the book's accessibility. Notes at the end of each chapter provide some of the more technical details. The book is not tied to a particular computer program, but special attention is paid to LISREL, EQS, AMOS, and Mx. New in the fourth edition of Latent Variable Models: *a data CD that features the correlation and covariance matrices used in the exercises; *new sections on missing data, non-normality, mediation, factorial invariance, and automating the construction of path diagrams; and *reorganization of chapters 3-7 to enhance the flow of the book and its flexibility for teaching. Intended for advanced students and researchers in the areas of social, educational, clinical, industrial, consumer, personality, and developmental psychology, sociology, political science, and marketing, some prior familiarity with correlation and regression is helpful. |
| communalities in factor analysis: An Introduction to Applied Multivariate Analysis with R Brian Everitt, Torsten Hothorn, 2011-04-23 The majority of data sets collected by researchers in all disciplines are multivariate, meaning that several measurements, observations, or recordings are taken on each of the units in the data set. These units might be human subjects, archaeological artifacts, countries, or a vast variety of other things. In a few cases, it may be sensible to isolate each variable and study it separately, but in most instances all the variables need to be examined simultaneously in order to fully grasp the structure and key features of the data. For this purpose, one or another method of multivariate analysis might be helpful, and it is with such methods that this book is largely concerned. Multivariate analysis includes methods both for describing and exploring such data and for making formal inferences about them. The aim of all the techniques is, in general sense, to display or extract the signal in the data in the presence of noise and to find out what the data show us in the midst of their apparent chaos. An Introduction to Applied Multivariate Analysis with R explores the correct application of these methods so as to extract as much information as possible from the data at hand, particularly as some type of graphical representation, via the R software. Throughout the book, the authors give many examples of R code used to apply the multivariate techniques to multivariate data. |
| communalities in factor analysis: Market Research Erik Mooi, Marko Sarstedt, Irma Mooi-Reci, 2017-11-01 This book is an easily accessible and comprehensive guide which helps make sound statistical decisions, perform analyses, and interpret the results quickly using Stata. It includes advanced coverage of ANOVA, factor, and cluster analyses in Stata, as well as essential regression and descriptive statistics. It is aimed at those wishing to know more about the process, data management, and most commonly used methods in market research using Stata. The book offers readers an overview of the entire market research process from asking market research questions to collecting and analyzing data by means of quantitative methods. It is engaging, hands-on, and includes many practical examples, tips, and suggestions that help readers apply and interpret quantitative methods, such as regression, factor, and cluster analysis. These methods help researchers provide companies with useful insights. |
| communalities in factor analysis: Factor Analysis and Related Methods Roderick P. McDonald, 1985 First Published in 1985. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company. |
| communalities in factor analysis: Statistics for Marketing and Consumer Research Mario Mazzocchi, 2008-05-22 Balancing simplicity with technical rigour, this practical guide to the statistical techniques essential to research in marketing and related fields, describes each method as well as showing how they are applied. The book is accompanied by two real data sets to replicate examples and with exercises to solve, as well as detailed guidance on the use of appropriate software including: - 750 powerpoint slides with lecture notes and step-by-step guides to run analyses in SPSS (also includes screenshots) - 136 multiple choice questions for tests This is augmented by in-depth discussion of topics including: - Sampling - Data management and statistical packages - Hypothesis testing - Cluster analysis - Structural equation modelling |
| communalities in factor analysis: Multivariate Analysis with LISREL Karl G. Jöreskog, Ulf H. Olsson, Fan Y. Wallentin, 2016-10-17 This book traces the theory and methodology of multivariate statistical analysis and shows how it can be conducted in practice using the LISREL computer program. It presents not only the typical uses of LISREL, such as confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation models, but also several other multivariate analysis topics, including regression (univariate, multivariate, censored, logistic, and probit), generalized linear models, multilevel analysis, and principal component analysis. It provides numerous examples from several disciplines and discusses and interprets the results, illustrated with sections of output from the LISREL program, in the context of the example. The book is intended for masters and PhD students and researchers in the social, behavioral, economic and many other sciences who require a basic understanding of multivariate statistical theory and methods for their analysis of multivariate data. It can also be used as a textbook on various topics of multivariate statistical analysis. |
| communalities in factor analysis: Using Multivariate Statistics Barbara G. Tabachnick, Linda S. Fidell, 2013 A Practical Approach to using Multivariate Analyses Using Multivariate Statistics, 6th edition provides advanced undergraduate as well as graduate students with a timely and comprehensive introduction to today's most commonly encountered statistical and multivariate techniques, while assuming only a limited knowledge of higher-level mathematics. |
| communalities in factor analysis: Analyzing Multivariate Data Norman Cliff, 1987 |
| communalities in factor analysis: Applied Factor Analysis Rudolf J. Rummel, 1988 Applied Factor Analysis was written to help others apply factor analysis throughout the sciences with the conviction that factor analysis is a calculus of the social sciences. The book developed from research undertaken to do a 236-variable cross-national analysis. |
| communalities in factor analysis: A First Course in Factor Analysis Andrew L. Comrey, Howard B. Lee, 2013-11-12 The goal of this book is to foster a basic understanding of factor analytic techniques so that readers can use them in their own research and critically evaluate their use by other researchers. Both the underlying theory and correct application are emphasized. The theory is presented through the mathematical basis of the most common factor analytic models and several methods used in factor analysis. On the application side, considerable attention is given to the extraction problem, the rotation problem, and the interpretation of factor analytic results. Hence, readers are given a background of understanding in the the theory underlying factor analysis and then taken through the steps in executing a proper analysis -- from the initial problem of design through choice of correlation coefficient, factor extraction, factor rotation, factor interpretation, and writing up results. This revised edition includes introductions to newer methods -- such as confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling -- that have revolutionized factor analysis in recent years. To help remove some of the mystery underlying these newer, more complex methods, the introductory examples utilize EQS and LISREL. Updated material relating to the validation of the Comrey Personality Scales also has been added. Finally, program disks for running factor analyses on either an IBM-compatible PC or a mainframe with FORTRAN capabilities are available. The intended audience for this volume includes talented but mathematically unsophisticated advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and research workers seeking to acquire a basic understanding of the principles supporting factor analysis. Disks are available in 5.25 and 3.5 formats for both mainframe programs written in Fortran and IBM PCs and compatibles running a math co-processor. |
| communalities in factor analysis: The Wiley Handbook of Psychometric Testing Paul Irwing, Tom Booth, David J. Hughes, 2018-03-14 A must-have resource for researchers, practitioners, and advanced students interested or involved in psychometric testing Over the past hundred years, psychometric testing has proved to be a valuable tool for measuring personality, mental ability, attitudes, and much more. The word ‘psychometrics’ can be translated as ‘mental measurement’; however, the implication that psychometrics as a field is confined to psychology is highly misleading. Scientists and practitioners from virtually every conceivable discipline now use and analyze data collected from questionnaires, scales, and tests developed from psychometric principles, and the field is vibrant with new and useful methods and approaches. This handbook brings together contributions from leading psychometricians in a diverse array of fields around the globe. Each provides accessible and practical information about their specialist area in a three-step format covering historical and standard approaches, innovative issues and techniques, and practical guidance on how to apply the methods discussed. Throughout, real-world examples help to illustrate and clarify key aspects of the topics covered. The aim is to fill a gap for information about psychometric testing that is neither too basic nor too technical and specialized, and will enable researchers, practitioners, and graduate students to expand their knowledge and skills in the area. Provides comprehensive coverage of the field of psychometric testing, from designing a test through writing items to constructing and evaluating scales Takes a practical approach, addressing real issues faced by practitioners and researchers Provides basic and accessible mathematical and statistical foundations of all psychometric techniques discussed Provides example software code to help readers implement the analyses discussed |
| communalities in factor analysis: A Step-by-Step Approach to Using SAS for Univariate & Multivariate Statistics Norm O'Rourke, Larry Hatcher, Edward J. Stepanski, 2005 Providing practice data inspired by actual studies, this book explains how to choose the right statistic, understand the assumptions underlying the procedure, prepare an SAS program for an analysis, interpret the output, and summarize the analysis and results according to the format prescribed in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. |
| communalities in factor analysis: Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics Andy Field, 2017-11-03 With an exciting new look, math diagnostic tool, and a research roadmap to navigate projects, this new edition of Andy Field’s award-winning text offers a unique combination of humor and step-by-step instruction to make learning statistics compelling and accessible to even the most anxious of students. The Fifth Edition takes students from initial theory to regression, factor analysis, and multilevel modeling, fully incorporating IBM SPSS Statistics© version 25 and fascinating examples throughout. SAGE edge offers a robust online environment featuring an impressive array of free tools and resources for review, study, and further exploration, keeping both instructors and students on the cutting edge of teaching and learning. Course cartridges available for Blackboard, Canvas, and Moodle. Andy Field is the award winning author of An Adventure in Statistics: The Reality Enigma and is the recipient of the UK National Teaching Fellowship (2010), British Psychological Society book award (2006), and has been recognized with local and national teaching awards (University of Sussex, 2015, 2016). |
Factor Analysis - Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
What is factor analysis? ! What do we need factor analysis for? ! What are the modeling assumptions? ! How to specify, fit, and interpret factor models? ! What is the difference …
Chapter 4: Factor Analysis - University of South Carolina
Methods of Estimating the Factor Analysis Model: Principal Factor Analysis • The Principal Factor Analysis approach to estimation relies on estimating the communalities. • It uses the reduced …
Factor scores, structure and communality coefficients: A …
Feb 3, 2011 · This paper is an easy-to-understand primer on three important concepts of factor analysis: Factor scores, structure coefficients, and communality coefficients. An introductory …
Exploratory Factor Analysis - University of Groningen
As can be seen, it consists of seven main steps: reliable measurements, correlation matrix, factor analysis versus principal component analysis, the number of factors to be retained, factor …
Principal Components (PCA) and Exploratory Factor …
43.7% of the variance in Item 1 explained by both factors = COMMUNALITY! Which item has the least total variance explained by both factors? Caution when interpreting unrotated loadings. …
Chapter 5: Factor Analysis - s u
In case of the single factor model the structure loadings is the same as the pattern loading. Thus the communalities of the indicators with F1 are given by: The shared variance between an …
Lecture 7: Analysis of Factors and Canonical Correlations
Factor analysis: linear model In factor analysis, a linear model is assumed: X = + LF + X (p 1) = observable random vector L (p m) = matrix of factor loadings F (m 1) = common factors; …
Exploratory Factor Analysis: common factors, principal …
• Under the common factor model, communalities are a function of factor loadings (i.e., ), and so covariances (i.e., off- diagonal elements of Σ ) contain all information on “common”
Exploratory Factor Analysis; Concepts and Theory
Factor analysis is divided to two main categories namely; Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) (Williams, Brown et al. 2010). While the researcher has no …
Lecture 11: Factor Analysis using SPSS - Yakın Doğu …
Factor Analysis: Factor analysis is used to find factors among observed variables. In other words, if your data contains many variables, you can use factor analysis to reduce the number of …
II UNIT 13 MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS: FACTOR ANALYSIS …
• explain the terms used in factor analysis model like factor loadings, specific variances, communalities, factor rotation and oblique rotation; • know the various uses of factor analysis …
CHAPTER 4 Exploratory Factor Analysis and Principal …
factor analysis to the extent that the communalities of items with the other items are high, or at least relatively high and variable. Ordinary principal axis factor analysis should never be done …
Factor Analysis
The communality is the variance attributable to factors that all the X variables have in common, while the specific variance is specific to a single factor. It should also be noted that the factor …
(Factor) Analyze This: PCA or EFA - National Human …
Analysis of factors Factor Retention Variance of factor (eigenvalue or latent root) > 1 Percentage of variance > 60% Scree test Factor Rotation Given the communalities, there are multiple …
A Beginner’s Guide to Factor Analysis: Focusing on …
Factor analysis is used in many fields such as behavioural and social sciences, medicine, economics, and geography as a result of the technological advancements of computers. The …
IDRE Statistical Consulting - OARC Stats
Jul 26, 2018 · 43.7% of the variance in Item 1 explained by both factor = COMMUNALITY! Each factor has high loadings for only some of the items. Quartimax: maximizes the squared …
Principal Components Analysis, Exploratory Factor Analysis, …
Principal components analysis and factor analysis are common methods used to analyze groups of variables for the purpose of reducing them into subsets represented by latent constructs …
Exploratory and Conrmatory Factor Analysis Part 2: EFA …
Many methods of factor extraction for EFA have been proposed , but they have some common characteristics: Initial solution with uncorrelated factors ( = I) The model becomes = T + If we …
Factor Analysis - Florida State University
Factor analysis is a generic term for a family of statistical techniques concerned with the reduction of a set of observable variables in terms of a small number of latent factors. It has been …
Exploratory factor analysis - GitHub Pages
depression by factor analysis. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) Introduction An exploratory method. Aims to explore the items, factor common concepts and generate theory. Generally …
Factor Analysis - Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
What is factor analysis? ! What do we need factor analysis for? ! What are the modeling assumptions? ! How to specify, fit, and interpret factor models? ! What is the difference …
Chapter 4: Factor Analysis - University of South Carolina
Methods of Estimating the Factor Analysis Model: Principal Factor Analysis • The Principal Factor Analysis approach to estimation relies on estimating the communalities. • It uses the reduced …
Factor scores, structure and communality coefficients: A …
Feb 3, 2011 · This paper is an easy-to-understand primer on three important concepts of factor analysis: Factor scores, structure coefficients, and communality coefficients. An introductory …
Exploratory Factor Analysis - University of Groningen
As can be seen, it consists of seven main steps: reliable measurements, correlation matrix, factor analysis versus principal component analysis, the number of factors to be retained, factor …
Principal Components (PCA) and Exploratory Factor …
43.7% of the variance in Item 1 explained by both factors = COMMUNALITY! Which item has the least total variance explained by both factors? Caution when interpreting unrotated loadings. …
Chapter 5: Factor Analysis - s u
In case of the single factor model the structure loadings is the same as the pattern loading. Thus the communalities of the indicators with F1 are given by: The shared variance between an …
Lecture 7: Analysis of Factors and Canonical Correlations
Factor analysis: linear model In factor analysis, a linear model is assumed: X = + LF + X (p 1) = observable random vector L (p m) = matrix of factor loadings F (m 1) = common factors; …
Exploratory Factor Analysis: common factors, principal …
• Under the common factor model, communalities are a function of factor loadings (i.e., ), and so covariances (i.e., off- diagonal elements of Σ ) contain all information on “common”
Exploratory Factor Analysis; Concepts and Theory
Factor analysis is divided to two main categories namely; Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) (Williams, Brown et al. 2010). While the researcher has no …
Lecture 11: Factor Analysis using SPSS - Yakın Doğu …
Factor Analysis: Factor analysis is used to find factors among observed variables. In other words, if your data contains many variables, you can use factor analysis to reduce the number of …
II UNIT 13 MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS: FACTOR ANALYSIS
• explain the terms used in factor analysis model like factor loadings, specific variances, communalities, factor rotation and oblique rotation; • know the various uses of factor analysis …
CHAPTER 4 Exploratory Factor Analysis and Principal …
factor analysis to the extent that the communalities of items with the other items are high, or at least relatively high and variable. Ordinary principal axis factor analysis should never be done …
Factor Analysis
The communality is the variance attributable to factors that all the X variables have in common, while the specific variance is specific to a single factor. It should also be noted that the factor …
(Factor) Analyze This: PCA or EFA - National Human Genome …
Analysis of factors Factor Retention Variance of factor (eigenvalue or latent root) > 1 Percentage of variance > 60% Scree test Factor Rotation Given the communalities, there are multiple …
A Beginner’s Guide to Factor Analysis: Focusing on …
Factor analysis is used in many fields such as behavioural and social sciences, medicine, economics, and geography as a result of the technological advancements of computers. The …
IDRE Statistical Consulting - OARC Stats
Jul 26, 2018 · 43.7% of the variance in Item 1 explained by both factor = COMMUNALITY! Each factor has high loadings for only some of the items. Quartimax: maximizes the squared …
Principal Components Analysis, Exploratory Factor …
Principal components analysis and factor analysis are common methods used to analyze groups of variables for the purpose of reducing them into subsets represented by latent constructs …
Exploratory and Conrmatory Factor Analysis Part 2: EFA …
Many methods of factor extraction for EFA have been proposed , but they have some common characteristics: Initial solution with uncorrelated factors ( = I) The model becomes = T + If we …
Factor Analysis - Florida State University
Factor analysis is a generic term for a family of statistical techniques concerned with the reduction of a set of observable variables in terms of a small number of latent factors. It has been …
Exploratory factor analysis - GitHub Pages
depression by factor analysis. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) Introduction An exploratory method. Aims to explore the items, factor common concepts and generate theory. Generally …
