Communication Theory Of Resilience

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  communication theory of resilience: Engaging Theories in Family Communication Dawn O. Braithwaite, Leslie A. Baxter, 2005-08-26 The breadth of theories presented and collected in this text is an impressive accomplishment. The editors have done a great service to the field with this book. —Lynn H. Turner, Marquette University The chapters are very informative, useful, and accessible. There is a huge need to better ground family communication in theory, and this text will provide an important start for students and researchers. —Douglas Kelley, Arizona State University To date, scholars from disciplines other than communication have dominated the study of family communication. Engaging Theories in Family Communication: Multiple Perspectives covers uncharted territory in its field, as it is the first book on the market to deal exclusively with family communication theory. In this volume, editors Dawn O. Braithwaite and Leslie A. Baxter bring together a group of contributors who represent a Who′s Who in the family communication field. These scholars examine both classic and cutting-edge theories to guide family communication research in the coming years. Key Features: A clear overview of theory and three meta-theoretical discourses— logical empirical, interpretive, and critical—to provide readers with a current landscape of family communication research Chapter-opening notes help students understand the paradigm into which a theory falls and the historical roots of each theory Foreword by renowned scholar Anita Vangelisti frames the current state of family communication and provides a unique perspective on theory-building in family communication Engaging Theories in Family Communication is designed for students studying family communication in courses such as Family Communication, Personal Relationships, Communication Theory, Applied Communication, and Advanced Interpersonal Communication. It can also be used in a variety of Family Studies, Sociology, and Psychology courses focusing on family communication.
  communication theory of resilience: Pandemic Communication and Resilience David M. Berube, 2021-08-07 This book examines how we design and deliver health communication messages relating to outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics. We have experienced major changes to how the public receives and searches for information about health crises over the last twelve decades with the ongoing shift from text/broadcast-based to digital messaging and social media. Both health theories and practices are examined as it applies to testing, tracking, hoarding, therapeutics, and vaccines with case studies. Challenges to communicate about health to diverse audiences (including the science illiterate) and across (both Western and developing economies) have been complicated by politics, norms and mores, personal heuristics, and biases, such as mortality salience, news avoidance, and quarantine fatigue. Issues of economic development and land use, trade and transportation, and even climate change have increased the exposure of human populations to infectious diseases making risk and resilience more pressing. The book has been designed to support health communicators and public health management professionals, students, and interested stakeholders and university libraries.
  communication theory of resilience: The Oxford Handbook of the Physiology of Interpersonal Communication Lindsey Aloia, Amanda Denes, John P. Crowley, 2020 The Oxford Handbook of The Physiology of Interpersonal Communication, Provides a comprehensive review of research on the interplay between communication and the body within personal relationships, Uses a theory-based approach and research methods to examine the influence of physiology on interpersonal communication, Identifies key communication theories in the study of physiology and communication, Considers the advancement of theoretical perspectives regarding physiological research Book jacket.
  communication theory of resilience: Exploring Resilience Babette Fahlbruch, Siri Wiig, 2020-10-08 Resilience has become an important topic on the safety research agenda and in organizational practice. Most empirical work on resilience has been descriptive, identifying characteristics of work and organizing activity which allow organizations to cope with unexpected situations. Fewer studies have developed testable models and theories that can be used to support interventions aiming to increase resilience and improve safety. In addition, the absent integration of different system levels from individuals, teams, organizations, regulatory bodies, and policy level in theory and practice imply that mechanisms through which resilience is linked across complex systems are not yet well understood. Scientific efforts have been made to develop constructs and models that present relationships; however, these cannot be characterized as sufficient for theory building. There is a need for taking a broader look at resilience practices as a foundation for developing a theoretical framework that can help improve safety in complex systems. This book does not advocate for one definition or one field of research when talking about resilience; it does not assume that the use of resilience concepts is necessarily positive for safety. We encourage a broad approach, seeking inspiration across different scientific and practical domains for the purpose of further developing resilience at a theoretical and an operational level of relevance for different high-risk industries. The aim of the book is twofold: 1. To explore different approaches for operationalization of resilience across scientific disciplines and system levels. 2. To create a theoretical foundation for a resilience framework across scientific disciplines and system levels. By presenting chapters from leading international authors representing different research disciplines and practical fields we develop suggestions and inspiration for the research community and practitioners in high-risk industries. This book is Open Access under a CC-BY licence.; Explores different approaches for operationalization of resilience across scientific disciplines and system levels Creates a theoretical foundation for a resilience framework across scientific disciplines and system levels Develops suggestions and inspiration for the research community and practitioners in high-risk industries Presents chapters from leading international authors representing different research disciplines and practical fields This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
  communication theory of resilience: Reflections on Feminist Communication and Media Scholarship Stine Eckert, Ingrid Bachmann, 2021-07-29 This collection brings together ten of the most distinguished feminist scholars whose work has been celebrated for its excellence in helping to lay the foundation of feminist communication and media research. This edited volume features contributions by the first ten renowned communication and media scholars that have received the Teresa Award for the Advancement of Feminist Scholarship from the Feminist Scholarship Division (FSD) of the International Communication Association (ICA): Patrice M. Buzzanell, Meenakshi Gigi Durham, Radha Sarma Hegde, Dafna Lemish, Radhika Parameswaran, Lana F. Rakow, Karen Ross, H. Leslie Steeves, Linda Steiner, and Angharad N. Valdivia. These distinguished scholars reflect on the contributions they have made to different subfields of media and communication scholarship, and offer invaluable insight into their own paths as feminist scholars. They each reflect on matters of power, agency, privilege, ethics, intersectionality, resilience, and positionality, address their own shortcomings and struggles, and look ahead to potential future directions in the field. Last but not least, they come together to discuss the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women, marginalized people, and vulnerable populations, and to underline the crucial need for feminist communication and media scholarship to move beyond Eurocentrism toward an ethics of care and global feminist positionality. A comprehensive and inspiring resource for students and scholars of feminist media and communication studies.
  communication theory of resilience: Organizational Communication Theory and Research Vernon D. Miller, Marshall Scott Poole, 2024-07-01 The Handbook of Organizational Communication Theory and Research offers concise, but thorough reviews of important research on traditional and emerging areas in organizational communication. Section One, Theory and Methods, provides an overview of the field’s history, prominent theories, and methodologies. Section Two, Processes, focuses on primal processes, such as leadership, organizational entry, conflict, power, and inclusion. Section Three, Contexts, focuses on the settings where organizational communication occurs, including teams and workgroups, networks, and organizational structure. Section Four, Technology, considers the development and introduction of new media and intelligent technologies into organizations. The final section, Emerging Areas, addresses communication issues associated with changing environmental, social, and political upheavals, including wellness, corporate social responsibility, and crisis response. The Handbook of Organizational Communication Theory and Research covers topics of pressing interest to current scholars and practitioners, many of which have not been addressed in previous handbooks.
  communication theory of resilience: Tweeting is Leading Annelise Russell, 2021 : Introduction -- Rhetorical agendas : a new framework for Senate representation -- Communicating Congressional priorities in the digital age -- Short, not-so-sweet, and to (some) point : Senate Tweets in 2013 and 2015 -- Categorizing Senators' Tweets and styles of communication -- Putting policy first : building a reputation as a policy wonk -- All politics is local : senators prioritize constituent service -- Partisan agendas : two parties, two patterns of partisan rhetoric -- Prioritization and representation : a future for social media and agenda-setting.
  communication theory of resilience: Handbook of Communication and Emotion Peter A. Andersen, Laura K. Guerrero, 1997-10-13 Emotion is once again at the forefront of research in social psychology and personality. The Handbook of Communication and Emotion provides a comprehensive look at the questions and answers of interest in the field: How are specific emotions (fear, jealousy, anger, love) communicated? How does the effectiveness, or ineffectiveness, of this communication affect relationships? How is the communication of emotion utilized to deceive, or persuade, others? This important reference work is edited by top researchers in the field of communication and authored by a who's who in emotion and communication. - Provides a comprehensive look at the role of communication in emotion - Includes contributions from top researchers in the field of communications - Examines how specific emotions are communicated - Includes important new research on the effect of communication on relationships
  communication theory of resilience: Communication in Turbulent Times Marita Vos, 2017-01-12 This book is characterised by a broad approach towards corporate communication, emphasising change and crisis. The focus is not on crises as an exceptional situation but rather on broader volatility in the environment. The purpose of this book is to increase the understanding of multi-stakeholder communication concerning organisational issues and crises. From the perspective of organisational management, this book clarifies how communication contributes to organisational resilience—the ability to adapt to a changing environment and mitigate emergency crises. In todays’ world, change is not the exception but a constant presence. Moreover, issues and risks occur that may grow to become crises. Coping with change and unexpected events, is what the concept of ‘resilience’ is about. Organisational resilience is the basis for the long-term viability of organisations in a turbulent environment. Communication, in various ways, is a bridging activity that supports the capacity of the organisation to function despite risks and disruptive incidents.
  communication theory of resilience: Crisis Communication Finn Frandsen, Winni Johansen, 2020-08-24 Finn Frandsen and Winni Johansen have won the 2019 Danish communication prize (KOM-pris) for their world-class research in organisational crises, crisis management and crisis communication. This prize is awarded by The Danish Union of Journalists (Dansk Journalistforbund) and Kforum. http://mgmt.au.dk/nyheder/nyheder/news-item/artikel/finn-frandsen-and-winni-johansen-win-the-kom-pris-2019/ The aim of this handbook is to provide an up-to-date introduction to the discipline of crisis communication. Based on the most recent international research and through a series of levels (from the textual to the inter-societal level), this handbook introduces the reader to the most important concepts, models, theories and debates within the field of crisis communication. Crisis communication is a young and very vibrant field of research and practice. It is therefore crucial that researchers, students and practitioners have access to presentations and discussions of the most recent research. Like the other handbooks in the HOCS series, this handbook contains a general introduction, a chapter on the history of crisis communication research, a series of thematic chapters on crisis communication research at various levels, a chapter perspectives, a glossary of key terms, and lists of further reading for each chapter (with references to publications in English, German, and French). Overview Section I – Introducing the field General introduction A brief history of crisis management and crisis communication: From organizational practice to academic discipline Reframing the field: Public crisis management, political crisis management, and corporate crisis management Section II – Between text and context Image repair theory Situational crisis communication theory: Influences, provenance, evolution, and prospects Contingency theory: Evolution from a public relations theory to a theory of strategic conflict management Discourse of renewal: Understanding the theory’s implications for the field of crisis communication Making sense of crisis sensemaking theory: Weick’s contributions to the study of crisis communication Arenas and voices in organizational crisis communication: How far have we come? Visual crisis communication Section III – Organizational level To minimize or mobilize? The trade-offs associated with the crisis communication process Internal crisis communication: On current and future research Whistleblowing in organizations Employee reactions to negative media coverage Crisis communication and organizational resilience Section IV – Interorganizational level Fixing the broken link: Communication strategies for supply chain crises Reputational interdependence and spillover: Exploring the contextual challenges of spillover crisis response Crisis management consulting: An emerging field of study Section V – Societal level Crisis and emergency risk communication: Past, present, and future Crisis communication in public organizations Communicating and managing crisis in the world of politics Crisis communication and the political scandal Crisis communication and social media: Short history of the evolution of social media in crisis communication Mass media and their symbiotic relationship with crisis Section VI – Intersocietal level Should CEOs of multinationals be spokespersons during an overseas product harm crisis? Intercultural and multicultural approaches to crisis communication Section VII – Critical approaches Ethics in crisis communication Section VIII – The future The future of organizational crises, crisis management and crisis communication For a detailed table of contents, please see here.
  communication theory of resilience: Ordinary Magic Ann S. Masten, 2015-10-12 From a pioneering researcher, this book synthesizes the best current knowledge on resilience in children and adolescents. Ann S. Masten explores what allows certain individuals to thrive and adapt despite adverse circumstances, such as poverty, chronic family problems, or exposure to trauma. Coverage encompasses the neurobiology of resilience as well as the role of major contexts of development: families, schools, and culture. Identifying key protective factors in early childhood and beyond, Masten provides a cogent framework for designing programs to promote resilience. Complex concepts are carefully defined and illustrated with real-world examples.
  communication theory of resilience: Searching for Resilience in Sustainable Development John Blewitt, Daniella Tilbury, 2013-08-15 Resilience is a term that is gaining currency in conservation and sustainable development, though its meaning and value in this context is yet to be defined. Searching for Resilience in Sustainable Development examines ways in which resilience may be created within the web of ecological, socio-economic and cultural systems that make up the world in. The authors embark upon a learning journey exploring both robust and fragile systems and asking questions of groups and individuals actively involved in building or maintaining resilience. Through a series of wide ranging interviews the authors give voice to the many different approaches to thinking of and building resilience that may otherwise stay rooted in and confined by specific disciplinary, professional or spatial contexts. The book documents emerging trends, shifting tactics and future pathways for the conservation and sustainable development movement post Rio+20, arriving at a set of diverse but connected conclusions and questions in relation to the resilience of people and planet. This book is ideal for students and researchers working in the fields of conservation, sustainable development, education, systems thinking and development studies. It will also be of great interest to NGOs and government officers whose interests and responsibilities focus on conserving or reconstructing biodiversity and system resilience.
  communication theory of resilience: Fundamental Theories of Business Communication Milton Mayfield, Jacqueline Mayfield, Robyn Walker, 2020-12-04 This book examines the major business communication theories, delving into their relationships and practical applications. Many business communication studies lack a strong theoretical grounding—a deficit that creates difficulties for researching business communication phenomena and building upon previous studies. The book addresses this issue by cataloging and briefly describing the major business communication theories, as well as giving a typology of these theories to better integrate them. This book provides value to business communication researchers (who can use it to build upon and develop their work), experts in practice (who can apply it to improve business communications), and academics (who can use it to enhance their instructional designs). It also offers insights into new developments on the business communication theory horizon.
  communication theory of resilience: The Handbook of Crisis Communication W. Timothy Coombs, Sherry J. Holladay, 2022-10-26 The revised and updated new edition of the comprehensive guide to crisis communication research and practice The Handbook of Crisis Communication provides students, researchers, and practitioners with a timely and authoritative overview of the dynamic field. Contributions by an international team of 50 leading scholars and practitioners demonstrate various methodological approaches, examine how crisis communication is applied in a range of specific contexts, discuss the role of culture and technology in crisis communication, and present original research of relevance to the development and evaluation of crisis communication theory. Now in its second edition, the Handbook covers the latest advances in global crisis communication technology, current trends in research and practice, social media in crisis communication, and more. Each of the 38 chapters incorporate new material offering fresh insights into existing areas of crisis communication and explore new and emerging lines of research. A wealth of new case studies, practical scenarios, and in-depth analyses of recent crises are integrated throughout. Examines traditional applications, recent advances, and emerging areas in crisis communication Discusses communication approaches for organizational crises, disasters, political crises, and public health crises Provides up-to-date coverage of the latest terminology, methods, and research trends in the field Highlights how crisis communication theory and research can inform real-world practice Features detailed analyses of crisis communication in major events such as terrorist attacks, natural disasters, industrial accidents, and global pandemics The Handbook of Crisis Communication, Second Edition is an excellent textbook for advanced students in public relations and strategic communication programs, and a valuable reference for researchers and practitioners in fields such as crisis communication, public relations, and corporate communication.
  communication theory of resilience: Risk Communication and Community Resilience Bandana Kar, David M. Cochran, 2019-05-28 Risk communication is crucial to building community resilience and reducing risk from extreme events. True community resilience involves accurate and timely dissemination of risk information to stakeholders. This book examines the policy and science of risk communication in the digital era. Themes include public awareness of risk and public participation in risk communication and resilience building. The first half of the book focuses on conceptual frameworks, components, and the role of citizens in risk communication. The second half examines the role of risk communication in resilience building and provides an overview of some of its challenges in the era of social media. This book looks at the effectiveness of risk communication in socially and culturally diverse communities in the developed and developing world. The interdisciplinary approach bridges academic research and applied policy action. Contributions from Latin America and Asia provide insight into global risk communication at a time when digital technologies have rapidly transformed conventional communication approaches. This book will be of critical interest to policy makers, academicians, and researchers, and will be a valuable reference source for university courses that focus on emergency management, risk communication, and resilience.
  communication theory of resilience: Communicating Hope and Resilience Across the Lifespan Gary A. Beck, Thomas J. Socha, 2015 This book addresses the various ways in which communication plays an important role in fostering hope and resilience. Adopting a lifespan approach and offering a new framework to expand our understanding of the concepts of «hope» and «resilience» from a communication perspective, contributors highlight the variety of «stressors» that people may encounter in their lives.
  communication theory of resilience: Theorizing Crisis Communication Timothy L. Sellnow, Matthew W. Seeger, 2021-02-17 Explore the major theories within crisis communication, fully revised and updated Theorizing Crisis Communication provides a comprehensive and state-of-the-art review of both current and emerging theoretical frameworks designed to explain the development, management, and consequences of natural and human-caused crises. A critique of the many theoretical approaches of crisis communication, this volume provides readers with an in-depth understanding of the management, response, resolution, and significance of failures in corporate responsibility, as well as destructive global events such as pandemics, earthquakes, hurricanes, tsunamis, chemical spills, and terrorist attacks. This second edition contains new theories from related subfields and updated examples, references, and case examples. New chapters discuss metatheoretical considerations and theoretical advancements in the study of social media. Throughout the text, the authors highlight similarities, patterns, and relationships across different crisis types and offer insight into the application of theory in the real world. Integrating work from organizational studies, social sciences, public relations, and public health, this book: Covers a broad range of crisis communication theories, including those relevant to emergency response, risk management, ethics, resilience and crisis warning, development, and outcomes Presents theoretical frameworks based on research disciplines including sociology, psychology, applied anthropology, and criminal justice Provides clear and compelling examples of application of theory in contexts such as rhetoric, mass communication, social media, and warning systems Offers a systematic and accessible presentation of topics by explaining each theory, describing its applications, and discussing its advantages and drawbacks Theorizing Crisis Communication, Second Edition, is the perfect textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate students of crisis and risk communication, and an importance reference for scholars, researchers, and practitioners in fields including crisis communication, emergency management, disaster studies, sociology, psychology, and anthropology.
  communication theory of resilience: Crisis Management Sarah Kovoor-Misra, 2019-01-31 Modern organizational crises are complex, diverse, and frequent. Ineffective crisis management can result in catastrophic loss. Crisis Management: Resilience and Change introduces students to best practices for preventing, containing, and learning from crises in our global, media-driven society. While covering the strengths of existing works on crisis management, such as systems, leadership, communication, and stakeholder perspective, this innovative new text goes beyond to include global, ethical, change, and emotional aspects of crisis communication. Using her proven transformative crisis management framework, Sarah Kovoor-Misra illustrates how organizations of all sizes can be adaptable, proactive, resilient, and ethical in the face of calamity.
  communication theory of resilience: The Oxford Handbook of Entertainment Theory Peter Vorderer, Christoph Klimmt, 2021 This chapter offers some historical and conceptual orientation to readers of the Oxford Handbook of Entertainment Theory. Departing from a brief review of ancient roots and 20th century pioneer works, we elaborate on the state and challenges of contemporary entertainment theory and research. This includes the need to develop a more explicit understanding of interrelationships among similar terms and concepts (e.g., presence and transportation), the need to reflect more explicitly on epistemological foundations of entertaiment theories (e.g., neo-behaviorism), and the need to reach back to past, even historical reasoning in communication that may be just as informative as the consideration of recent theoretical innovations from neigboring fields such as social psychology. Finally, we offer some reflections on programmatic perspectives for future entertainment theory, which should try to harmonize views from the social sciences and critical thinking, span cultural differences in entertainment processes, and keep track of the rapid technological progress of entertainment media--
  communication theory of resilience: Cases on Organizational Communication and Understanding Understudied Groups Kahlow, Jessica A., 2022-05-20 In today’s business world, understanding and supporting understudied groups is vital to maintain workplace diversity, safety, and ethics as well as promote a positive work environment. Communication within a business is a key aspect of ensuring these groups are considered and all employees are informed of guidelines, services, and other various support systems available. Cases on Organizational Communication and Understanding Understudied Groups presents case studies that focus on organizational issues that individuals are likely to experience at some point during their employment in various understudied areas such as neurodiversity, learning differences, mental health, identity, gender, ethics, and emotion. Covering topics such as cross-cultural interactions and privacy management, this reference work is crucial for business professionals, academicians, researchers, scholars, practitioners, instructors, and students.
  communication theory of resilience: Emotion, Social Relationships, and Health Carol D. Ryff, Burton H. Singer, 2001-05-03 This volume brings together, for the first time, inquiries into the size and proximity of social networks and emotion in social relationships to advance understanding of how emotion in significant social relationships influences health. The collection integrates knowledge from those with expertise in mapping the nature of emotional experience in human relations with those who are linking social ties to health outcomes, and those who explicate underlying neurobiological mechanisms. The book puts forth the idea that full explication of how emotion, social relationships, and health are woven together demands multidisciplinary inquiry and brings together leading experts from fields of affective science, clinical and social psychology, epidemiology, psychiatry, psychoneuroimmunology, psychoneuroendocrinology, and health to promote the above synthesis.
  communication theory of resilience: The International Encyclopedia of Communication Theory and Philosophy, 4 Volume Set Jefferson D. Pooley, Eric W. Rothenbuhler, 2016-10-31 The International Encyclopedia of Communication Theory and Philosophy is the definitive single-source reference work on the subject, with state-of-the-art and in-depth scholarly reflection on key issues from leading international experts. It is available both online and in print. A state-of-the-art and in-depth scholarly reflection on the key issues raised by communication, covering the history, systematics, and practical potential of communication theory Articles by leading experts offer an unprecedented level of accuracy and balance Provides comprehensive, clear entries which are both cross-national and cross-disciplinary in nature The Encyclopedia presents a truly international perspective with authors and positions representing not just Europe and North America, but also Latin America and Asia Published both online and in print Part of The Wiley Blackwell-ICA International Encyclopedias of Communication series, published in conjunction with the International Communication Association. Online version available at www.wileyicaencyclopedia.com
  communication theory of resilience: Strategies, Dispositions and Resources of Social Resilience Martin Endress, Lukas Clemens, Benjamin Rampp, 2020-04-24 The concept of resilience, which originally emerged in psychology, has spread to numerous disciplines and was further developed particularly in social ecology. Resilience experiences an ongoing growing reception in the humanities and historical and social sciences as well, including heterogenic approaches on how to conceptually frame resilience. Common to these approaches is, that resilience becomes topical in the context of analysing phenomena and processes of the ‘resistibility’ of certain (socio-historical) units or actors which are perceived as being faced with various constellations of disruptive change. In this context, resilience is not only taken to mean the opposite of vulnerability, but at the same time, resilience and vulnerability are understood as complementary concepts. From this perspective, vulnerability is a necessary condition of resilience and vice versa. Against this background, the present volume provides a preliminary appraisal of socio-scientific and historical resilience research by assembling contributions of authors originating from different disciplines. Thus, it fosters an interdisciplinary discussion on the theoretical and analytical potentials as well as the empirical applicability of the concept of resilience. ContentsStrategies, Dispositions and Resources – Theoretical contributions • Medieval case studies • Reflections and General Comments The EditorsDr. Martin Endreß is Professor for General Sociology at the University of Trier. Dr. Lukas Clemens is Professor for Medieval History at the University of Trier. Dr. Benjamin Rampp is research assistant for General Sociology at the University of Trier.
  communication theory of resilience: A Guide to Promoting Resilience in Children Edith Henderson Grotberg, 1995
  communication theory of resilience: Resilience and Hybrid Threats I. Linkov, L. Roslycky, B.D. Trump, 2019-12-19 Hybrid threats represent one of the rising challenges to the safe and effective management of digital systems worldwide. The deliberate misuse or disruption of digital technologies has wide-ranging implications for fields as diverse as medicine, social media, and homeland security. Despite growing concern about cyber threats within many government agencies and international organizations, few strategies for the effective avoidance and management of threats or the prevention of the disruption they can cause have so far emerged. This book presents multiple perspectives based upon a NATO Science for Peace and Security Programme Advanced Research Workshop on ‘Resilience and Hybrid Threats’ held in Pärnu, Estonia from 26-29 August 2018, and includes a mixture of workshop summary papers and invited perspectives from world experts. Topics include the development of strategies for the protection and recovery of systems affected by hybrid threats, and the benefits of those strategies under different disruption scenarios. The role of risk and resilience assessment pertaining to the information domain is a common focus across all perspectives. Offering an overview of resilience-based decision making through an approach that integrates the threats and dependencies related to infrastructural, informational, and social considerations, the book will be of interest to all those whose work involves the security of digital systems.
  communication theory of resilience: Disrupt Aging Jo Ann Jenkins, 2016-04-05 Discover the inspiring national bestseller about aging and health that will help us all live each year to the fullest (Sheryl Sandberg). We've all seen the ads on TV and in magazines-50 is the new 30! or 60 is the new 40! A nice sentiment to be sure, but CEO of AARP Jo Ann Jenkins disagrees. 50 is 50, and she, for one, likes the look of it. In Disrupt Aging, Jenkins focuses on three core areas-health, wealth, and self-to show us how to embrace opportunities and change the way we look at getting older. Here, she chronicles her own journey and that of others who are making their mark as disruptors to show readers how we can be active, healthy, and happy as we get older. Through this powerful and engaging narrative, she touches on all the important issues facing people 50+ today, from caregiving and mindful living to building age-friendly communities and making our money last. This is a book for all the makers and doers who have a desire to continue exploring possibilities, to celebrate discovery over decline, and to seek out opportunities to live the best life there is.
  communication theory of resilience: Distinctive Qualities in Communication Research Donal Carbaugh, Patrice M. Buzzanell, 2009-09-10 This timely volume provides an in-depth look at why the field of communication is so central in initiatives for social impact around the world. In Distinctive Qualities in Communication Research, editors Donal Carbaugh and Patrice M. Buzzanell bring together scholars with varied and productive approaches to communication to address the question of what distinguishes communication research from similar studies in other disciplines. Each contributor responds to the question: What makes your research communication research? How does your program of inquiry treat communication not simply as data, but as its primary theoretical concern? Their responses are the heart of this book. The questions addressed and answered herein define the qualities that set research in communication apart from work in related fields, such as social psychology, linguistics, sociology, anthropology, and psychology. The book begins and ends by looking across these studies generally, bringing into view not only the specific possibilities in the study of communication today, but also what such study contributes generally to understanding human problems, social relations, and communities. This volume provides an invaluable resource for graduate students beginning their study in communication; academics needing to define the distinctive contributions that communication research makes; and administrators who want to understand the scope and breadth of work in communication. It provides an invaluable resource for defining the role of communication research in the academic community and the contributions it makes to the study of human interaction.
  communication theory of resilience: Family Communication Kathleen M. Galvin, Dawn O. Braithwaite, Paul Schrodt, Carma L. Bylund, 2018-08-06 Family Communication: Cohesion and Change encourages students to think critically about family interaction patterns and to analyze them using a variety of communication theories. Using a framework of family functions, current research, and first-person narratives, this text emphasizes the diversity of today's families in structure, ethnic patterns, gender socialization, and developmental experiences. New for the tenth edition are expanded pedagogical features to improve learning and retention, as well as updates on current theory and research integrated throughout the chapters for timely analysis and discussion. Cases and research featured in each chapter provide examples of concepts and themes, and a companion website offers expanded resources for instructors and students. On the book's companion website, www.routledge.com/cw/galvin, intstructors will find a full suite of online resources to help build their courses and engage their students, as well as an author video introducing the new edition: Course Materials Syllabi & Suggested Calendars Course Projects & Paper Examples Essay Assignments Test/Quiz Questions and Answer Keys Case Studies in Family Communication Family Communication Film and Television Examples Family Communication in Literature Examples Chapter Outlines Detailed Outlines Discussion Questions Case Study Questions Sample Chapter Activities Chapter PowerPoint Slides
  communication theory of resilience: Communication in the 2020s Christina S. Beck, 2022-05-22 This book provides an inside look at the discipline of Communication. In this collection of chapters, top scholars from a wide range of subfields discuss how they have experienced and how they study the crucial issues of our time. The 2020s opened with a series of events with massive implications for the ways we communicate, from the COVID-19 pandemic, a summer of protests for social justice, and climate change-related natural disasters, to one of the most contentious presidential elections in modern U.S. history. The chapters in this book provide snapshots of many of these issues as seen through the eyes of specialists in the major subfields of Communication, including interpersonal, organizational, strategic, environmental, religious, social justice, risk, sport, health, family, instructional, and political communication. Written in an informal style that blends personal narrative with accessible explanation of basic concepts, the book is ideal for introducing students to the range and practical applications of Communication discipline. This book comprises a valuable companion text for Introduction to Communication courses as well as a primary resource for Capstone and Introduction to Graduate Studies courses. Further, this collection provides meaningful insights for Communication scholars as we look ahead to the remainder of the 2020s and beyond.
  communication theory of resilience: Resilience Engineering Professor David D Woods, Professor Nancy Leveson, Professor Erik Hollnagel, 2012-10-01 For Resilience Engineering, 'failure' is the result of the adaptations necessary to cope with the complexity of the real world, rather than a malfunction. Human performance must continually adjust to current conditions and, because resources and time are finite, such adjustments are always approximate. Featuring contributions from leading international figures in human factors and safety, Resilience Engineering provides thought-provoking insights into system safety as an aggregate of its various components - subsystems, software, organizations, human behaviours - and the way in which they interact.
  communication theory of resilience: Engaging Theories in Family Communication Dawn O. Braithwaite, Elizabeth A. Suter, Kory Floyd, 2017-09-13 Engaging Theories in Family Communication, Second Edition delves deeply into the key theories in family communication, focusing on theories originating both within the communication discipline and in allied disciplines. Contributors write in their specific areas of expertise, resulting in an exceptional resource for scholars and students alike, who seek to understand theories spanning myriad topics, perspectives, and approaches. Designed for advanced undergraduate and graduate students studying family communication, this text is also relevant for scholars and students of personal relationships, interpersonal communication, and family studies. This second edition includes 16 new theories and an updated study of the state of family communication. Each chapter follows a common pattern for easy comparison between theories.
  communication theory of resilience: By Degrees Betsy Wackernagel Bach, Dawn O. Braithwaite, Shiv Ganesh, 2021-06-07 By Degrees: Resilience, Relationships, and Success in Communication Graduate Studies provides readers with an indispensable guide to navigating the graduate school experience in Communication Studies programs. The book helps current and future graduate students consider their options, make wise choices, and thrive within their master''s or doctoral programs and beyond. The text''s 15 contributed chapters discuss such topics as how to select the right program, build strong advisor-advisee relationships, navigate roadblocks, find community, share work, develop into competent scholars and teachers, and pursue careers inside and outside the academy. The diverse and global nature of communication research and pedagogy and finding and pursuing your passion within the discipline is evident throughout the book. Designed to resonate with today''s learners, each chapter is co-authored by leading scholars and current or recent graduate students and features unique perspectives from students'' experiences. This approach provides readers with an enlightening window into graduate students'' insights, challenges, and lived experiences. The text also features a distinct emphasis on diversity, inclusion, equity, and access, and reflects upon the international character of communication research and pedagogy. Readers will engage in robust discussions related to justice and equity and learn how the Communication discipline has developed and continues to develop around the globe. By Degrees is an exemplary resource for introduction to graduate studies courses and for individuals considering master''s or doctoral programs. Chapters and contributors include: Introduction for Students: Completely Altered the Way I Viewed the World- Betsy Wackernagel Bach, Dawn O. Braithwaite, and Shiv Ganesh Chapter 1: Providing the Intellectual Tools: Getting to Know the Discipline of Communication - Dawn O. Braithwaite, Tina M. Harris, Jessy Ohl, and Trevor Kauer Chapter 2: How Do I Find a Good Fit?: Applying to Master''s and PhD Programs - Betsy Wackernagel Bach, Kendyl Barney, and Mackensie Minniear Chapter 3: I Have to Re-choose to Do This Every Single Day: Beyond Narratives of Success in the Pursuit of Graduate School - Shiv Ganesh and Andrea Zorn Chapter 4: Spanning the Abyss: Graduate Student Steps and Tasks - Randall A. Lake, Emma Frances Bloomfield, Beth L. Boser, Allegra Hardin, and Barbara A. Pickering Chapter 5: Work with Someone Who Seems Excited About Your Success: Building Advisor/Advisee Relationships - C. Kay Weaver and Bridget Reynolds Sheffer Chapter 6: Do Something You''re Passionate About: Planning and Carrying Out Research - Sarah J. Tracy, Cris J. Tietsort, and Laura Martinez Chapter 7: A Process of Discovery: Finding Your Groove as a Writer - Lisa Keränen and Andrew Gilmore Chapter 8: Yikes! What Do I Do Now?: Advice for Graduate Students Sharing Their Work - Ronald Jackson II and Celnisha Dangerfield Chapter 9: From Sitting in the Classroom to Facing It: Becoming and Growing as a Teacher - Kirstie McAllum, Simon Mallette, Tyler Rife, and Uttaran Dutta Chapter 10: Without People in My Corner, I Will Fail: Personal Resources for Graduate Students - Vincent R. Waldron, Brianna Avalos, Dayna N. Klober, and Jameien Taylor Chapter 11: One Mountain, Many Paths: Navigating Roadblocks and Succeeding in Graduate School - Jordan Soliz and Megan E. Cardwell Chapter 12: Graduate School is a Human Experience of Struggling, Celebrating, and Striving Together: Graduate Life as a Collective Endeavor - Jenna N. Hanchey, Samantha Gillespie, and Ana-Luisa Ortiz-Martinez Chapter 13: It Was Within My Control to Max My Possibilities: Academic Life After Graduate School - Patrice M. Buzzanell, Zhenyu Tian, and Timothy Betts Chapter 14: A Roadmap to Career Success: Pursuing Careers Outside of the Academy for MA Graduates - Stephen K. Hunt, Aimee E. Miller-Ott, and Viraj Patel Chapter 15: Translate Your Talents: Pursuing Careers Outside of the Academy for PhD Graduates - Katlyn Gangi and James Stiff
  communication theory of resilience: Moral Resilience, Second Edition Cynda H. Rushton, 2024 Suffering is an unavoidable reality in health care. Not only are patients and families suffering but also the clinicians who care for them. Commonly the suffering experienced by clinicians is moral in nature, reflecting the increasing complexity of health care, their roles within it, and the expanding range of available interventions. Moral suffering is the anguish experienced in response to various forms of moral adversity including moral harms, wrongs or failures, or unrelieved moral stress. Confronting moral adversity challenges clinicians' integrity: the inner harmony that arises when their essential values and commitments are aligned with their choices and actions. The most studied response to moral adversity is moral distress. The sources and sequelae of moral distress, one type of moral suffering, have been documented among clinicians across specialties. Recent interest has expanded to include a more corrosive form of moral suffering, moral injury. Moral resilience, the capacity to restore or sustain integrity in response to moral adversity, offers a path designing individual and system solutions to address moral suffering. It encompasses capacities aimed at developing self- regulation and self-awareness, buoyancy, moral efficacy, self-stewardship and ultimately personal and relational integrity. Moral resilience has been shown to be a protective resource that reduces the detrimental impact of moral suffering. Clinicians and healthcare organizations must work together to transform moral suffering by cultivating the individual capacities for moral resilience and designing a new architecture to support ethical practice. Used worldwide for scalable and sustainable change, the Conscious Full Spectrum Response, offers a method to solve problems to support integrity, shift patterns that undermine moral resilience and ethical practice, and source the inner potential of clinicians and leaders to produce meaningful and sustainable results that benefit all--
  communication theory of resilience: Resilience Andrew Zolli, Ann Marie Healy, 2013-07-09 All systems break down. Some bounce back, others do not. This is a book about why. Covering business, economic, geographic and social systems, Zolli uncovers a wealth of absorbing examples--from the link between US oil prices and the recent 'tortilla riots' in Mexico to what was really happening when the U.S. government decided not to bail out Lehman Bros.
  communication theory of resilience: Principles for Building Resilience Reinette Biggs, Maja Schlüter, Michael L. Schoon, 2015-04-02 Reflecting the very latest research, this book provides an in-depth review of the role of resilience in the management of social-ecological systems and the ecosystem services they provide. Leaders in the field outline seven principles for building resilience in social-ecological systems, examining how these can be applied to advance sustainability.
  communication theory of resilience: Reflections on Interpersonal Communication Research Steven R. Wilson, Sandi W. Smith, 2019-01-21 In Reflections on Interpersonal Communication Research, interpersonal scholars share the stories of their research programs, providing readers with a captivating exploration of the latest developments in the field. Through this unique lens, readers learn how scholars are addressing real-world issues, as well as the complex role interpersonal communication plays in our world today. This innovative collection brings together cutting-edge research from a variety of scholars in the discipline, illustrating the expansive reach and infinite applications of this exciting field of study. Readers discover groundbreaking applications of interpersonal communication theories and concepts to family, health, intercultural, organizational, political, and mediated communication. Specific studies explore the effects of language brokering with immigrant children, the impact of verbal and nonverbal behavior on family identity, how cultural ideologies can shape reactions to long-distance relationships, how interpersonal theories are helping prepare Doctor of Pharmacy students for the communication work of patient care, and much more. Reflections on Interpersonal Communication Research is an intriguing and highly practical examination of the theory and research being developed in the discipline today. The book is ideal for graduate and upper-level undergraduate courses in interpersonal communication, relational communication, communication theory, and for scholars in the field.
  communication theory of resilience: Communication Theory Mark P. Orbe, Jasmine T. Austin, Jeanetta D. Sims, 2021-12-27 Featuring contributed chapters from established and emerging communication theorists with varied cultural backgrounds and identities, Communication Theory: Racially Diverse and Inclusive Perspectives decenters traditional views of communication by highlighting perspectives from the global majority. The text deviates from a white-colonial-normative theoretical core to provide students with a more holistic exploration of communication theory. The book helps readers understand how the communicative experiences of marginalized groups represent important theoretical frames necessary for a full, comprehensive view of communication. It offers innovative conceptions of communication theorizing centered in and through the perspectives of African American/Black, Latinx, Asian American, and Indigenous/First Nations people. Through the presentation of canonized theories alongside innovative, cutting-edge theories, the text challenges students to expand and enhance the ways in which they see, use, and apply communication theory. A unique feature of the text is the inclusion of storied reflections-personal narratives that reveal scholars at various stages of their careers ruminating on their own experiences with theory. These reflections demonstrate how ethnic and racialized standpoints can inform and advance scholarship within the discipline. Communication Theory presents an inclusive, holistic approach to communication theory and inspires continued exploration, research, and theory in the discipline. It can serve as a primary textbook as well as a companion volume to other textbooks on communication theory.
  communication theory of resilience: Resilience Thinking Brian Walker, David Salt, 2012-06-22 Increasingly, cracks are appearing in the capacity of communities, ecosystems, and landscapes to provide the goods and services that sustain our planet's well-being. The response from most quarters has been for more of the same that created the situation in the first place: more control, more intensification, and greater efficiency. Resilience thinking offers a different way of understanding the world and a new approach to managing resources. It embraces human and natural systems as complex entities continually adapting through cycles of change, and seeks to understand the qualities of a system that must be maintained or enhanced in order to achieve sustainability. It explains why greater efficiency by itself cannot solve resource problems and offers a constructive alternative that opens up options rather than closing them down. In Resilience Thinking, scientist Brian Walker and science writer David Salt present an accessible introduction to the emerging paradigm of resilience. The book arose out of appeals from colleagues in science and industry for a plainly written account of what resilience is all about and how a resilience approach differs from current practices. Rather than complicated theory, the book offers a conceptual overview along with five case studies of resilience thinking in the real world. It is an engaging and important work for anyone interested in managing risk in a complex world.
  communication theory of resilience: Rethinking Organizational and Managerial Communication from Feminist Perspectives Patrice M. Buzzanell, 2000-04-19 Buzzanell′s edited book has a poststructural sensibility in its emphasis on dialogue, absent voices, and the open-ended, constructed nature of knowledge. . . . In summary, I would recommend this book highly. . . Buzzanell′s reader would be a corrective for traditional texts used in communications, Master of Public Administration, and Master of Business Administration programs. -NATIONAL WOMEN′S STUDIES ASSOCIATION JOURNAL Rethinking Organizational Communication From Feminist Perspectives reconsiders organizational and managerial communication theories, research, and practice from multiple feminisms. Part I consists of theoretical analyses that reconceptualize and extend boundaries in our thinking about work and organizing processes. The chapters propose an alternative view of public-private discourse, stakeholder ethics, socialization processes, and negotiation by contrasting traditional approaches with feminist values. Part II presents women′s voices through interview excerpts, poems, diary entries, and stories and explores the ways in which these concrete details of ordinary lives represent missing facets and nuances of our organizational and managerial communication work. Part III contains chapters that rewrite organizational and managerial constructs. The authors not only offer alternative reconceptualizations, but also suggest specific tactics and long-term strategies devised from feminisms for revising organizational and managerial communication processes and practices. The final section of the book draws together the themes of the book and encourages a continuing dialogue on the issues.
  communication theory of resilience: Resilience in Children, Adolescents, and Adults Sandra Prince-Embury, Donald H. Saklofske, 2012-11-06 Resilience in Children, Adolescents, and Adults: Translating Research into Practice recognizes the growing need to strengthen the links between theory, assessment, interventions, and outcomes to give resilience a stronger empirical base, resulting in more effective interventions and strength-enhancing practice. This comprehensive volume clarifies core constructs of resilience and links these definitions to effective assessment. Leading researchers and clinicians examine effective scales, questionnaires, and other evaluative tools as well as instructive studies on cultural considerations in resilience, resilience in the context of disaster, and age-appropriate interventions. Key coverage addresses diverse approaches and applications in multiple areas across the lifespan. Among the subject areas covered are: - Perceived self-efficacy and its relationship to resilience. - Resilience and mental health promotion in the schools. - Resilience in childhood disorders. - Critical resources for recovering from stress. - Diversity, ecological, and lifespan issues in resilience. - Exploring resilience through the lens of core self-evaluation. Resilience in Children, Adolescents, and Adults is an important resource for researchers, clinicians and allied professionals, and graduate students in such fields as clinical child, school, and developmental psychology, child and adolescent psychiatry, education, counseling psychology, social work, and pediatrics.
Family communication and resilience - jentheiss
Families are influential for cultivating resilience in response to hardship or adversity. At the individual level, families provide a foundation for socializing children and arming them with the …

Communication and resilience: multilevel applications and …
processes in the communication theory of resilience, and promoting assertive and auth-entic collective communication patterns when faced with adversity.

Resilience: Talking, Resisting, and Imagining New Normalcies …
Human resilience is the ability to ‘‘bounce back’’ or reintegrate after difficult life experiences. I argue that, rather than an individual phenomenon that someone either possesses or does not, …

Cultivating Communication Resilience as an Adaptive …
Apr 12, 2021 · By addressing this research gap, this study utilizes the communication theory of resilience (CTR) and community resilience as theoretical frameworks to content analyze the …

Resilience, Identity Tension, Hope, Social Capital, and …
A Communication Theory of Resilience Buzzanell (2010) locates resilience in the collective com-munication processes of families, groups, organizations, and communities. Resilience is …

Communication, Resilience and the Family - huichawaii.org
“communication processes that clarify ambiguous situations, encourage open emotional expression and empathetic response, and foster collaborative problem solving are especially …

Distance education and parents’ mental health: the role of …
Drawing on Buzzanell’s (2010, 2018) communication theory of resilience, this study examined the relationships between Chinese parents’ resilience, their attitudes toward distance learning, …

Manifestations of Communicative Resilience in Experiences of …
manifest resilience through the lens of the Communication Theory of Resilience (CTR). The CTR presents five communication processes by which resilience, which is the ability to overcome …

J S P R - SAGE Journals
Communication theory of resilience The CTR (Buzzanell, 2010, 2019) conceptualizes resilience as a communicative process in which individuals engage in discourse as a response to disruption. …

Theory of Resilience and Relational Load - Springer
Even called the theory of resilience and relational load though stress is inevitable and can be positive in relationships, it can also consume them and the individuals within them if it is not …

Resilience communication mitigates the negative relational …
The current research investigates if the resilience communication processes outlined in the communication theory of resilience mitigate the nega-tive relational effects of topic avoidance.

Community resilience and communication: dynamic …
To address the centrality of communication to community resilience, Houston et al. (2015) developed a community resilience framework guided by communication ecology, public …

The Evolution of Networks and the Resilience of …
Resilience has been defined in terms of an organization’s redundancy, capacity for resourcefulness, effective communication, and capacity for self-organization in the face of …

Communication and Resilience in a Crisis Management …
This study concerns communication in a crisis management exercise with a resilience perspective. The staff’s communication during a crisis management exercise, a simulating a …

Family Communication Patterns Predict Anticipatory …
The communication theory of resilience (CTR; Buzzanell, 2010, 2019) pro-poses that resilience is cultivated via interactions and enacted through five processes.

The theory of resilience and relational load - ResearchGate
A new theory of stress and resilience in close relationships—the theory of resilience and relational load (TRRL)—is advanced to fill this void in the literature. The theory bridges...

Communication and Team Resilience: The process of …
resilience thus exposing a worth pursuing research opportunity. Purpose: This paper focuses on exploring how connectivity as a component of communication aids team resilience building.

Communication Networks and Individual Resilience for …
Based on the data from a two-wave panel survey, this paper combines two lines of research that separately focus on com-munication networks and individual resilience and examines whether …

Communication and resilience: concluding thoughts and key …
In reflecting upon our introductory overview and individual essays, we identify three key issues related to an applied or engaged communication scholarship agenda in the area of resilience …

Building resilience in response to identity-based …
communication theory of resilience (CTR). Participants enacted all CTR processes delineated in the theory utilizing both in-person and online communication when facing six identity-related...

Family communication and resilience - jentheiss
Families are influential for cultivating resilience in response to hardship or adversity. At the individual level, families provide a foundation for socializing children and arming them with the …

Communication and resilience: multilevel applications and …
processes in the communication theory of resilience, and promoting assertive and auth-entic collective communication patterns when faced with adversity.

Resilience: Talking, Resisting, and Imagining New …
Human resilience is the ability to ‘‘bounce back’’ or reintegrate after difficult life experiences. I argue that, rather than an individual phenomenon that someone either possesses or does not, …

Cultivating Communication Resilience as an Adaptive …
Apr 12, 2021 · By addressing this research gap, this study utilizes the communication theory of resilience (CTR) and community resilience as theoretical frameworks to content analyze the …

Resilience, Identity Tension, Hope, Social Capital, and …
A Communication Theory of Resilience Buzzanell (2010) locates resilience in the collective com-munication processes of families, groups, organizations, and communities. Resilience is …

Communication, Resilience and the Family - huichawaii.org
“communication processes that clarify ambiguous situations, encourage open emotional expression and empathetic response, and foster collaborative problem solving are especially …

Distance education and parents’ mental health: the role of …
Drawing on Buzzanell’s (2010, 2018) communication theory of resilience, this study examined the relationships between Chinese parents’ resilience, their attitudes toward distance learning, …

Manifestations of Communicative Resilience in Experiences of …
manifest resilience through the lens of the Communication Theory of Resilience (CTR). The CTR presents five communication processes by which resilience, which is the ability to overcome …

J S P R - SAGE Journals
Communication theory of resilience The CTR (Buzzanell, 2010, 2019) conceptualizes resilience as a communicative process in which individuals engage in discourse as a response to …

Theory of Resilience and Relational Load - Springer
Even called the theory of resilience and relational load though stress is inevitable and can be positive in relationships, it can also consume them and the individuals within them if it is not …

Resilience communication mitigates the negative relational …
The current research investigates if the resilience communication processes outlined in the communication theory of resilience mitigate the nega-tive relational effects of topic avoidance.

Community resilience and communication: dynamic …
To address the centrality of communication to community resilience, Houston et al. (2015) developed a community resilience framework guided by communication ecology, public …

The Evolution of Networks and the Resilience of …
Resilience has been defined in terms of an organization’s redundancy, capacity for resourcefulness, effective communication, and capacity for self-organization in the face of …

Communication and Resilience in a Crisis Management …
This study concerns communication in a crisis management exercise with a resilience perspective. The staff’s communication during a crisis management exercise, a simulating a …

Family Communication Patterns Predict Anticipatory …
The communication theory of resilience (CTR; Buzzanell, 2010, 2019) pro-poses that resilience is cultivated via interactions and enacted through five processes.

The theory of resilience and relational load - ResearchGate
A new theory of stress and resilience in close relationships—the theory of resilience and relational load (TRRL)—is advanced to fill this void in the literature. The theory bridges...

Communication and Team Resilience: The process of …
resilience thus exposing a worth pursuing research opportunity. Purpose: This paper focuses on exploring how connectivity as a component of communication aids team resilience building.

Communication Networks and Individual Resilience for …
Based on the data from a two-wave panel survey, this paper combines two lines of research that separately focus on com-munication networks and individual resilience and examines whether …

Communication and resilience: concluding thoughts and …
In reflecting upon our introductory overview and individual essays, we identify three key issues related to an applied or engaged communication scholarship agenda in the area of resilience …

Building resilience in response to identity-based …
communication theory of resilience (CTR). Participants enacted all CTR processes delineated in the theory utilizing both in-person and online communication when facing six identity-related...