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business license and bonding: NASCLA Contractor's Guide to Business, Law and Project Management, Oregon Construction Contractors NASCLA Staff, 2016-04-10 Part 1 Focuses on planning and starting your business. This section will help you formulate a business plan, choose a business structure, understand licensing and insurance requirements and gain basic management and marketing skills.Part 2 Covers fundamentals you will need to know in order to operate a successful construction business. This section covers estimating, contract management, scheduling, project management, safety and environmental responsibilities and building good relationships with employees, subcontractors and customers.Part 3 Provides valuable information to assist you in running the administrative function of your business. Financial management, tax basics, and lien laws are covered. Effective management of these areas of business is vital and failure proper attention can cause serious problems. |
business license and bonding: How to Start a Business in Oregon Entrepreneur Press, 2003 This series covers the federal, state, and local regulations imposed on small businesses, with concise, friendly and up-to-the-minute advice on each critical step of starting your own business. |
business license and bonding: California Construction Law Kenneth C. Gibbs, Gordon Hunt, 1992 The authors provide practical information that can be used by all construction industry professionals, as well as detailed analyses of California construction law-both as codified in the statutes & as expressed by California courts. The topics in the book are organized in the same manner as they would actually arise in a construction project. First, it deals with pre-construction issues-licensing, bidding, & the formation of the construction contract. Then it discusses what happens when things go wrong-breach of contract by the owner and/or the contractor. An in-depth analysis is provided with regard to claims involving delay, disruption, & acceleration. Several chapters are then devoted to statutory remedies-mechanics' liens, stop notices, & bonds both on public & private works. Finally, coverage is provided on other issues & subjects involving the construction industry, including expanding liability, construction defect issues, bankruptcy, & alternative dispute resolution. |
business license and bonding: Unemployment Insurance Statistics United States. Bureau of Employment Security, 1967-05 |
business license and bonding: Markup & Profit Michael Stone, 1999-01-01 In order to succeed in a construction business you have to be able to mark up the price of your jobs to cover overhead expenses and make a decent profit. The problem is how much to mark it up. You don't want to lose jobs because you charge too much, and you don't want to work for free because you've charged too little. If you know how much to mark up you can apply it to your job costs and arrive at the right sales price for your work. This book gives you the background and the calculations necessary to easily figure the markup that is right for your business. Includes a CD-ROM with forms and checklists for your use. |
business license and bonding: Indiana Notary Public Guide Indiana Secretary of State, 2019-04-06 A notary is a public official responsible for independently verifying signatures and oaths. Depending on how a document is written, a notarization serves to affirm the identity of a signer and the fact that they personally executed their signature. A notarization, or notarial act, officially documents the identity of a party to a document or transaction and the occasion of the signing that others can rely upon, usually at face value. A notary's authentication is intended to be reliable, to avoid the inconvenience of having to locate a signer to have them personally verify their signature, as well as to document the execution of a document perhaps long after the lifetime of the signer and the notary. An oath is a sworn statement. In most cases a person will swear that a written statement, oral statement, or testimony they are about to give is true. A notary can document that the notary administered an oath to an individual. |
business license and bonding: Washington State Notary Public Guide Washington State Department, 2019-04-06 The Department of Licensing has worked to keep the notary public application process as simple as possible. A prospective notary need only submit a complete application, proof of a $10,000 surety bond, and appropriate fees to the Department of Licensing in order to begin the process. Once an applicant has completed all application requirements and proven that he or she is eligible, the Department will have a new certificate of commission mailed out promptly. New in 2018, notaries public can also apply for an electronic records notary public endorsement, which allows the notary to perform notarial acts on electronic documents as well as paper documents. The application process is similar to the application process for the commission, and can be done at the same time or separately. |
business license and bonding: How to Start a Business in Tennessee Entrepreneur Press, 2003-09-25 This series covers the federal, state, and local regulations imposed on small businesses, with concise, friendly and up-to-the-minute advice on each critical step of starting your own business. |
business license and bonding: North Dakota Blue Book , 1918 |
business license and bonding: Rent Jonathan Larson, 2008 (Applause Libretto Library). Finally, an authorized libretto to this modern day classic! Rent won the 1996 Pulitzer Prize for Drama, as well as four Tony Awards, including Best Musical, Best Book, and Best Score for Jonathan Larson. The story of Mark, Roger, Maureen, Tom Collins, Angel, Mimi, JoAnne, and their friends on the Lower East Side of New York City will live on, along with the affirmation that there is no day but today. Includes 16 color photographs of productions of Rent from around the world, plus an introduction (Rent Is Real) by Victoria Leacock Hoffman. |
business license and bonding: A Guide to Starting a Business in Minnesota Charles A. Schaffer, Madeline Harris, 1983 |
business license and bonding: Typical Electric Bills , 1980 |
business license and bonding: Banking Law: New York Banking Law New York (State), 1907 |
business license and bonding: Tribal Business Structure Handbook Karen J. Atkinson, Kathleen M. Nilles, 2009 A comprehensive resource on the formation of tribal business entities. Hailed in Indian Country Today as offering one-stop knowledge on business structuring, the Handbook reviews each type of tribal business entity from the perspective of sovereign immunity and legal liability, corporate formation and governance, federal tax consequences and eligibility for special financing. Covers governmental entities and common forms of business structures. |
business license and bonding: How To Start A Business in Washington Entrepreneur Press, 2007-03-20 SmartStart Your Business Today! How to Start a Business in Washington is your road map to avoiding operational, legal and financial pitfalls and breaking through the bureaucratic red tape that often entangles new entrepreneurs. This all-in-one resource goes a step beyond other business how-to books to give you a jump-start on planning for your business. It provides you with: Valuable state-specific sample forms and letters on CD-ROM Mailing addresses, telephone numbers and websites for the federal, state, local and private agencies that will help get your business up and running State population statistics, income and consumption rates, major industry trends and overall business incentives to give you a better picture of doing business in Washington Checklists, sample forms and a complete sample business plan to assist you with numerous startup details State-specific information on issues like choosing a legal form, selecting a business name, obtaining licenses and permits, registering to pay taxes and knowing your employer responsibilities Federal and state options for financing your new venture Resources, cost information, statistics and regulations have all been updated. That, plus a new easier-to-use layout putting all the state-specific information in one block of chapters, make this your must-have guide to getting your business off the ground. |
business license and bonding: Business Procedures Gits, 2018-04 This book covers many of the aspects of operating a business related to or part of the construction industry. Every contractor must know, as they are responsible for, the proper way to file taxes; What insurance to carry; How to manage daily accounts; How, when, and why to file paper work for a lien. All of these topics as well as some general business information is presented in this manual. It includes excerpts from or entire sections of Federal Codes, State Statutes, Local Ordinances and the administrative rules related to all of the above. |
business license and bonding: How to Start a Business in Colorado Entrepreneur Press, 2007-07-09 SmartStart Your Business Today! How to Start a Business in Colorado is your road map to avoiding operational, legal and financial pitfalls and breaking through the bureaucratic red tape that often entangles new entrepreneurs. This all-in-one resource goes a step beyond other business how-to books to give you a jump-start on planning for your business. It provides you with: Valuable state-specific sample forms and letters on CD-ROM Mailing addresses, telephone numbers and websites for the federal, state, local and private agencies that will help get your business up and running State population statistics, income and consumption rates, major industry trends and overall business incentives to give you a better picture of doing business in Colorado Checklists, sample forms and a complete sample business plan to assist you with numerous startup details State-specific information on issues like choosing a legal form, selecting a business name, obtaining licenses and permits, registering to pay taxes and knowing your employer responsibilities Federal and state options for financing your new venture Resources, cost information, statistics and regulations have all been updated. That, plus a new easier-to-use layout putting all the state-specific information in one block of chapters, make this your must-have guide to getting your business off the ground. |
business license and bonding: Occupations Code Texas, 1999 |
business license and bonding: Missouri Notary Handbook Missouri Secretary of State, 2019-04-06 We are pleased to provide you with this Missouri Notary Public Handbook. We appreciate the responsibility that comes with being a notary in the State of Missouri, and know the work you do as a notary instills additional confidence in the documents that are vital to our state and economy. This handbook is provided in print and online to more than 60,000 notaries across the state, each of whom takes acknowledgements, administers oaths and affirmations, and certifies that copies of documents are true copies. The powers and responsibilities of a notary are described in the Missouri Revised Statutes Chapter 486. The provisions of this statute are included in this handbook for your convenience. In addition to the statutes, this resource provides general information related to your role as a notary, a glossary of important terms and copies of key application forms to assist you in the administration of your notary duties. |
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business license and bonding: Freight Broker Business Startup Smith Kennard, 2022-07-20 Have you always dreamed of venture into the logistics industry with a particular focus on freight brokerage to tap into the growing industry, which is estimated to grow from $1.164 billion in 2021 to $13.78 billion in 2028? Are you looking for a Guide that will take away the guesswork from the whole process of starting and running a profitable freight brokerage firm? You know what… … today is your lucky day! Let This Book Show You Exactly How to Start and Run a Profitable Freight Brokerage Business, Even If You’ve Never Done Anything Like It Before! Without a doubt, the trucking industry is growing and it will continue to grow as per various market research reports. This means that jumping into trucking right now before the market is saturated is the best idea. But this can be easier said than done if you don’t know where to start. The fact that you are here is likely that you have all manner of questions going through your mind about freight brokerage. Where do you start? How do you set up the business from the beginning to ensure it is set for success? How does the future look like for freight brokerage? What should you specialize in – how do you decide? What mistakes should you be aware of to avoid them? How do you keep the profits low and profits high? If you have these and other related questions, this book is FOR YOU. More precisely, you will discover: · What a freight broker does and their role in international shipping · All about the freight brokerage industry and how to gain experience in this industry · How to develop a winning business plan and market your freight brokerage business · The future of freight brokerage so that you can stay up to date · How to choose a narrower niche for better benefits · The ins and outs of handling tax issues as a freight broker and the best way for you to manage accounting · Legalities, formalities and common mistakes to avoid · The costs involved in starting and running the business, including how to choose a winning team · Understanding traffic lanes as a freight broker, including why that is important · And so much more! What’s more - the guide also includes free freight brokerage business plan templates to make planning easier. Even if you find running such a business a bit technical or if you’ve tried before and but didn’t get far, let this Book show you that you can do it and achieve success. You will discover that all along, you only needed the right guide. If you are ready to become a freight broker, Scroll up and click Buy Now With 1-Click or Buy Now to get your copy! |
business license and bonding: California Contractors License Law & Reference Book California. Contractors' State License Board, 2020 |
business license and bonding: Score Higher on the UCAT Kaplan Test Prep, 2020-04-07 The Expert Guide from Kaplan for 2021 entry One test stands between you and a place at the medical school of your dreams: the UCAT. With 1,500 questions, test-like practice exams, a question bank, and online test updates, Kaplan’s Score Higher on the UCAT, sixth edition, will help build your confidence and make sure you achieve a high score. We know it's crucial that you go into your UCAT exam equipped with the most up-to-date information available. Score Higher on the UCAT comes with access to additional online resources, including any recent exam changes, hundreds of questions, an online question bank, and a mock online test with full worked answers to ensure that there are no surprises waiting for you on test day. The Most Practice 1,500 questions in the book and online—more than any other UCAT book Three full-length tests: one mock online test to help you practise for speed and accuracy in a test-like interface, and two tests with worked answers in the book Online question bank to fine-tune and master your performance on specific question types Expert Guidance The authors of Score Higher on the UCAT have helped thousands of students prepare for the exam. They offer invaluable tips and strategies for every section of the test, helping you to avoid the common pitfalls that trip up other UCAT students. We invented test preparation—Kaplan (www.kaptest.co.uk) has been helping students for 80 years. Our proven strategies have helped legions of students achieve their dreams. |
business license and bonding: The Surety's Indemnity Agreement Marilyn Klinger, Tracey L. Haley, George J. Bachrach, 2008 |
business license and bonding: Contractor's State License Bonds Edward D. Lodgen, Catherine Squillace, Mark D. Herbert, 2006 |
business license and bonding: The Bond Book: Everything Investors Need to Know About Treasuries, Municipals, GNMAs, Corporates, Zeros, Bond Funds, Money Market Funds, and More Annette Thau, 2000-11-23 In today’s volatile financial environment, growing numbers of investors are looking to flee the stock market in search of safer ground. While the bond market has often been a “safe haven,” confusing new bonds and bond funds make it increasingly difficult for unfamiliar investors to choose the correct fixed income investments. The Bond Book provides investors with the information and tools they need to make bonds a comforting, important, and profitable component of their portfolios.Thoroughly revised, updated, and expanded from its bestselling first edition, this all-in-one sourcebook includes:*A new section on using the Internet to research, buy, and sell bonds*A new chapter devoted to increasingly popular foreign bonds*Detailed information on the inflation-linked Treasury bonds*Explanation of the new categories of bond funds*Tips on how to evaluate and buy bond funds |
business license and bonding: A Crash Course in Starting a Business Scott Girard, Jr., Michael O'Keefe, Marc Price, 2011-12-01 In, A Crash Course in Starting a Business, Scott L. Girard, Jr., Michael O'Keefe, and Marc Price walk you through each phase of planning, conception and development for starting your own business. Whether you're at an unsavory job and looking to venture out on your own, or you've been on your own for a while and want a fresh perspective, A Crash Course in Starting a Business will bring you clarity, depth, and an ignition to get out there and make it happen! Or if you currently know next to nothing (or less) about business and are just looking for a painless read to educate you on the broad topic of entrepreneurship - look no further! Great for students, young professionals, and prospective entrepreneurs of all ages, A Crash Course in Starting a Business has everything you need to build that holistic foundation of entrepreneurship and get you pointed in the right direction to take the first step to getting out there and making it happen for yourself! |
business license and bonding: Business Law Basics Michael F. O'Keefe, Scott L. Girard, Marc A. Price, Mark R. Moon, 2014-04-21 When you start a business, legal issues can seem complex, even scary. Business Law Basics will help you ask smart questions and get the right advice. This simple guide will show you everything you need to know about: How to choose an attorney. Contract essentials, including patents and copyrights. What you need to protect (such as processes or intellectual property). How to reorganize or restructure your business. You’ll also learn the basics of partnership and corporate structures, license and regulation essentials, employment issues, legal aspects of buying and selling, common pitfalls, international business issues—and more. Each of the books in the Crash Course for Entrepreneurs series offers a high-level overview of the critical things you need to know and do if you want to survive and thrive in our super-competitive world. Of course, there’s much more to learn about each topic, but what you’ll read here will give you the framework for learning the rest. Also, the co-authors’ website, expertbusinessadvice.com, offers expanded support for entrepreneurs and is updated daily. Among them, Scott L. Girard, Jr., Michael F. O'Keefe, Marc A. Price, and Mark R. Moon, Esq. have successfully started 20 companies in a wide variety of fields. Their individual experiences are just as varied. Scott, a combat veteran who has served in Iraq and Afghanistan, was formerly vice president of Pinpoint Holdings Group, Inc. Mike founded O’Keefe Motor Sports in 2004 and grew it into the largest database of aftermarket automotive components in the world. As vice president for marketing of Bracemasters International, he grew his company’s website viewership by 17,000% in two years. Marc has launched seven companies of his own and has collaborated with the Federal government, U.S. military, major nonprofits, and some of the largest corporations in America. Business Law Basics is also coauthored by Mark R. Moon, Esq., a founding and currently the managing partner of the Moon Law Group, P.L., in Tampa Bay, Florida. |
business license and bonding: National Directory of State Business Licensing and Regulation David P. Bianco, 1994 About 100 papers were presented at this first meeting on deformation of geomaterials held 12-14 Sept. 1994. They address: lab and field tests, and modeling of shear deformation; materials properties and testing; performance; design; prediction. Most participants are Japanese; only one Russian (a formerly vibrant source of geotechnical development). No index. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR |
business license and bonding: Surety Companies Doing Business with the United States (Us Fiscal Service Regulation) (Fiscal) (2018 Edition) The Law The Law Library, 2018-09-23 Surety Companies Doing Business With the United States (US Fiscal Service Regulation) (FISCAL) (2018 Edition) The Law Library presents the complete text of the Surety Companies Doing Business With the United States (US Fiscal Service Regulation) (FISCAL) (2018 Edition). Updated as of May 29, 2018 The Department of the Treasury, Bureau of the Fiscal Service (Treasury) administers the Federal corporate surety program. Treasury issues certificates of authority to qualified sureties to underwrite and reinsure Federal bond obligations. Bonds underwritten by Treasury-certified sureties satisfy bonding requirements, provided such bonds are accepted by the agency bond-approving official. Treasury is amending its regulation to expressly provide that an agency may decline to accept a bond underwritten by a Treasury-certified surety for cause, provided the agency satisfies the requirements specified in the final rule. Treasury is also revising the procedures it uses to adjudicate any complaint received from an agency requesting that a surety's certificate of authority be revoked. This book contains: - The complete text of the Surety Companies Doing Business With the United States (US Fiscal Service Regulation) (FISCAL) (2018 Edition) - A table of contents with the page number of each section |
business license and bonding: State-By-State Guide to Architect, Engineer, and Contractor Licensing Richard A. Holderness, Walker, Stephen D. Butler, Stephen G. Walker, 1995-12-31 Failure to comply with state licensing laws could derail a construction, engineering or architecture project and even put licenses and payments in jeopardy. Don't take the risk. Turn To The resource that provides comprehensive guidance on the architecture, engineering and contractor license laws for all 50 states And The District of Columbia. State by State Guide to Architect, Engineer and Contractor Licensing gathers all of the vital information you need in one convenient source to help you develop a cost-effective compliance strategy. With State-by-State Guide to Architect, Engineer, and Contractor Licensing, practitioners will be prepared to handle virtually any state licensing question including Is a license required For The design or construction work that is going to be performed Is a license required before the bid or proposal is submitted? What are the special licensing requirements for partnerships? for corporations? Is a seal for stamping drawings required of design professionals? If so, which design documents must be stamped? Is a license necessary when bidding for work? Who in the organization must stamp these documents? What are the penalties if the license is not received on time? If an agent is managing the construction for an owner, must he obtain a license? |
business license and bonding: New York Insurance Law, Annotated ... New York (State), 1938 |
business license and bonding: The PressureWashingBusiness. com Guide to Running Your Own Pressure Washing Business PressureWashingBusiness.com, 2008 |
business license and bonding: Bank Holding Company Act Amendments United States. Congress. House. Committee on Banking and Currency, 1969 |
business license and bonding: Federal Register , 2012-06 |
business license and bonding: Amendment 6 to the Fishery Management Plan for the Shrimp Fishery of the South Atlantic Region , 2005 |
business license and bonding: How to Start a Home-Based Landscaping Business Owen E. Dell, 2010-01-06 Making money doing lawn-care, landscape architecture, and garden work is a dream of many people—and this guide contains all the necessary tools and strategies they need to successfully launch and develop their own business doing so. This sixth edition also features advice on marketing and selling one’s services within “sustainable landscaping,” one of the hottest new trends in the field. * Develop a profitable business plan * Build word-of-mouth referrals * Handle employees, paperwork, and taxes * Work smart and safe * Adapt to new trends like sustainable landscaping * Become your area’s top landscaper |
business license and bonding: How to Start a Car Detailing Business AS, How to Start a Business About the Book: Unlock the essential steps to launching and managing a successful business with How to Start a Business books. Part of the acclaimed How to Start a Business series, this volume provides tailored insights and expert advice specific to the industry, helping you navigate the unique challenges and seize the opportunities within this field. What You'll Learn Industry Insights: Understand the market, including key trends, consumer demands, and competitive dynamics. Learn how to conduct market research, analyze data, and identify emerging opportunities for growth that can set your business apart from the competition. Startup Essentials: Develop a comprehensive business plan that outlines your vision, mission, and strategic goals. Learn how to secure the necessary financing through loans, investors, or crowdfunding, and discover best practices for effectively setting up your operation, including choosing the right location, procuring equipment, and hiring a skilled team. Operational Strategies: Master the day-to-day management of your business by implementing efficient processes and systems. Learn techniques for inventory management, staff training, and customer service excellence. Discover effective marketing strategies to attract and retain customers, including digital marketing, social media engagement, and local advertising. Gain insights into financial management, including budgeting, cost control, and pricing strategies to optimize profitability and ensure long-term sustainability. Legal and Compliance: Navigate regulatory requirements and ensure compliance with industry laws through the ideas presented. Why Choose How to Start a Business books? Whether you're wondering how to start a business in the industry or looking to enhance your current operations, How to Start a Business books is your ultimate resource. This book equips you with the knowledge and tools to overcome challenges and achieve long-term success, making it an invaluable part of the How to Start a Business collection. Who Should Read This Book? Aspiring Entrepreneurs: Individuals looking to start their own business. This book offers step-by-step guidance from idea conception to the grand opening, providing the confidence and know-how to get started. Current Business Owners: Entrepreneurs seeking to refine their strategies and expand their presence in the sector. Gain new insights and innovative approaches to enhance your current operations and drive growth. Industry Professionals: Professionals wanting to deepen their understanding of trends and best practices in the business field. Stay ahead in your career by mastering the latest industry developments and operational techniques. Side Income Seekers: Individuals looking for the knowledge to make extra income through a business venture. Learn how to efficiently manage a part-time business that complements your primary source of income and leverages your skills and interests. Start Your Journey Today! Empower yourself with the insights and strategies needed to build and sustain a thriving business. Whether driven by passion or opportunity, How to Start a Business offers the roadmap to turning your entrepreneurial dreams into reality. Download your copy now and take the first step towards becoming a successful entrepreneur! Discover more titles in the How to Start a Business series: Explore our other volumes, each focusing on different fields, to gain comprehensive knowledge and succeed in your chosen industry. |
business license and bonding: How to Launch Your Private Investigation Business: 90 days to lift off John A Hoda, 2019-04-11 Thinking of starting your own Private Investigation Business? Do you have a passion for investigation? Do you want to take your pension from the police department or government service, but you are not sure how to turn your investigative expertise into a successful second career? Veteran investigator John A. Hoda talks you through the entire launch sequence from planning and design to lift-off. This is a book specifically for persons wanting to become a private investigator. First or second-year private investigators who want to restart their business on the fly, can benefit from studying this book as well. There are plenty of books on starting your own business, but what may work for a pizza shop or a pest control company may not work for the business model you want to create. Hoda applies sound business practices for Private Investigators who will specialize across the spectrum of different customer needs. This is not a one-size-fits-all 'look at how I did it' memoir. The 90-day countdown alone is worth the price of the book. |
business license and bonding: District of Columbia Code, Annotated District of Columbia, 1961 |
BUSINESS | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
BUSINESS definition: 1. the activity of buying and selling goods and services: 2. a particular company that buys …
VENTURE | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
VENTURE definition: 1. a new activity, usually in business, that involves risk or uncertainty: 2. to risk going….
ENTERPRISE | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
ENTERPRISE definition: 1. an organization, especially a business, or a difficult and important plan, …
INCUMBENT | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
INCUMBENT definition: 1. officially having the named position: 2. to be necessary for someone: 3. the …
AD HOC | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
AD HOC definition: 1. made or happening only for a particular purpose or need, not planned …
BUSINESS | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
BUSINESS definition: 1. the activity of buying and selling goods and services: 2. a particular company that buys and….
VENTURE | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
VENTURE definition: 1. a new activity, usually in business, that involves risk or uncertainty: 2. to risk going….
ENTERPRISE | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
ENTERPRISE definition: 1. an organization, especially a business, or a difficult and important plan, especially one that….
INCUMBENT | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
INCUMBENT definition: 1. officially having the named position: 2. to be necessary for someone: 3. the person who has or….
AD HOC | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
AD HOC definition: 1. made or happening only for a particular purpose or need, not planned before it happens: 2. made….
LEVERAGE | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
LEVERAGE definition: 1. the action or advantage of using a lever: 2. power to influence people and get the results you….
ENTREPRENEUR | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
ENTREPRENEUR definition: 1. someone who starts their own business, especially when this involves seeing a new opportunity….
CULTIVATE | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
CULTIVATE definition: 1. to prepare land and grow crops on it, or to grow a particular crop: 2. to try to develop and….
EQUITY | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
EQUITY definition: 1. the value of a company, divided into many equal parts owned by the shareholders, or one of the….
LIAISE | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
LIAISE definition: 1. to speak to people in other organizations, etc. in order to work with them or exchange….