Advertisement
| business license california price: Working With Independent Contractors Stephen Fishman, 2020-07-28 Hire independent contractors without running into trouble Independent contractors (ICs) do every conceivable type of workfrom accounting to web developmentand gig economy websites make it easy to find and hire qualified ICs. Working with independent contractors saves your business money and gives you flexibility in hiring. But there are risks in trying to establish IC relationships. Simply calling a worker an independent contractor doesnt make them one. This book shows you how to avoid mistakes that can lead to lawsuits or costly fines from the IRS and state agencies. Learn how to: determine who qualifies as an IC document the IC relationship in a written agreement assess the risks of hiring freelancers and gig workers safeguard your companys intellectual property, and handleand settlean IRS audit. The 10th editioncompletely revised to reflect the latest changes in the lawincludes detailed examples of how a business should hire independent contractors. With downloadable forms: comes with invaluable forms that let you document a workers IC status and create strong contracts. Easy to download and tailor to your own situation, details inside. |
| business license california price: California's Fee and License Structure: 1964 Alice John Vandermeulen, 1964 |
| business license california price: How to Start a Business in California Entrepreneur Press, 2003 How to Start a Business in Californiais your roadmap to avoid planning, legal and financial pitfalls and direct you through the bureaucratic red tape that often entangles fledgling entrepreneurs. This all-in-one resource goes a step beyond other business how-to books to give you a jump-start on planning for your business and provides you with: Quick reference to the most current mailing and Internet addresses and telephone numbers for federal, state, local and private agencies that will help get your business up and running State population statistics, income and consumption rates, major industry trends and overall business incentives to give you a better picture of doing business in California Checklists, sample forms and a complete sample business plan to assist you with numerous startup details State-specific information on issues like choosing a legal form, selecting a business name, obtaining licenses and permits, registering to pay for taxes and knowing your employer responsibilities Federal and state options for financing your new venture |
| business license california price: A Major Tax Study: California's fee and license structure: 1964, by A. J. Vandermeulen California. Legislature. Assembly. Interim Committee on Revenue and Taxation, 1964 |
| business license california price: Aircraft and Aircraft Parts United States. Surplus Property Administration, 1945 |
| business license california price: California Politics Edgar Kaskla, 2007-07-02 California is full of myths and legends, but its political system shouldn’t be. In this refreshingly critical take, Edgar Kaskla brings an analysis of power—how it is distributed, how it is used, and to what end—to bear on California’s political system and the many troubling issues it currently faces. Starting from the premise that California is in deep crisis politically, economically, culturally, and environmentally, Kaskla traces the state’s economic and political development as a process controlled by and for the elite, be they land barons, the Hollywood glitterati, or Silicon Valley execs. Kaskla focuses on what he calls growth machine politics—elites and their land use as promoters of development and redevelopment—to show students how the gap between the rich and poor in California continues to widen. As minority communities increase in size, as the cost of campaigning in the state balloons, and as the state’s debt crisis mounts, the socio-economic and cultural issues at play in California add up to a real threat to democratic governance. Kaskla clearly outlines how each of the state’s institutions are organized, but also shows how they are affected—indeed distorted—by a host of serious economic and social inequalities. Not one to mince words, Kaskla is in places irreverent, but his text is thoroughly researched and well argued, never crossing the line into the polemical. Tables, figures, maps, and lists for further reading help reinforce the book’s substantive points and critical approach, and a host of student and instructor ancillaries help with study, review, and preparation. |
| business license california price: California Business , 1993 |
| business license california price: A Major Tax Study: California's tax structure.-v.2. Fees and licenses.-v.3. Conformity of state and personal income tax laws to federal personal income tax laws.-v.4. Sales tax.-v.5. Taxation of property.-v.6. Financing local government.-v.7. Some sources of revenue not used by California.-v.8. Insurance tax.-v.9. Excise taxes.-v.10. Taxation of corporate income.-v.11. Taxation of gratuitous transfers.-v.12. Final report California. Legislature. Assembly. Interim Committee on Revenue and Taxation, 1964 |
| business license california price: California Contractors License Exam Prep Contractor Contractor Education Inc., 2018-04-20 Want to pass the California Contractor Building (B) Exam on your first try? We offer an extensive and easy to learn California Contractor Building (B) Exam study guide that has everything you need to pass the test and get your license. We guarantee you'll pass the exam on your first try, or your money back! This guide is designed to help you easily navigate and understand the main principles, concepts, and terminology of every section covered in the California Contractors Exam. Skip the unnecessary struggle of memorizing thousands of building codes! We've translated and condensed the California Building Code into an easy-to-read format that will turn you into an expert in no time. We've included one hundred practice questions inspired by the actual exam, so you'll know what to expect. No nasty surprises during test time! Whether you are a novice or have a wealth of construction knowledge, this guide will ensure you have a leg-up on the competition and avoid making any common test mistakes. |
| business license california price: Sales and Use Tax Information , 2014 |
| business license california price: Demonstration and Research Uses of Pesticides , |
| business license california price: Limited Liability Companies For Dummies® Jennifer Reuting, 2010-12-07 Flex your entrepreneurial muscle with an LLC The previous drawbacks to forming an LLC have all but disappeared. The IRS has loosened the restrictions on entities electing partnership taxation and subsequently the states have loosened their requirements. Because LLCs are now more flexible entities than any that have ever existed, they remain an attractive option for those launchinga new or relaunching an existing business. Limited Liabilty Companies For Dummies is a clear, concise guide that explains the pros and cons of LLCs and shares insider insights on everything from choosing your members and your company name to creating and filing your Articles of Organization, to the day-to-day operation of your LLC. Plus, you'll the most current, real-world advice on customizing an LLC for your specific business needs. The latest information on federal taxes and fees New filing requirements and coverage of setting up real estate LLCs and LLCs among family members Accompanying CD includes updated tools and forms It's full-steam ahead for LLCs, and this hands-on guide addresses everything you need to know and more! |
| business license california price: California and the American Tax Revolt Terry Schwadron, 2023-11-10 In Spring 1983 the Los Angeles Times set out to produce is own State of the State report, five years after the passage of the notorious and widely imitated Proportion 13. Price Waterhouse and the Times poll conducted an immense survey of both the public and private sector. A team of eighteen specialist reports looked into every area of public service: police and fire protection, roads and public works, parks, public health, libraries, schools, and more. The results, published in a nine0part series in June 1983, remain by far the most up-to-date synthesis of what, for better and worse, the 1970s tax revolt has achieved. The original Time reports is here supplemented by an introductory essay placing hte California revolt in national context, comparing it with later, parallel actions in other states, notably Massachusetts, and placing all these actions in illuminating historical perspective. A detailed statistical abstract completes the volume. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1984. |
| business license california price: California Contractor General Building (B) Exam: a Complete Prep Guide Contractor Education Inc., 2016-03-31 This book is the only one you will need to pass the California General Builder (B) Exam. We give you all of the knowledge necessary by spelling out the principles and concepts covered on the exam. In addition, and perhaps most importantly, the codes are translated into an easy to read format that does away with the long and often confusing wording found in the formal California Building Code. Whether you are a novice or possess a wealth of construction knowledge, this is the book you need to prepare yourself for the California General Builder (B) exam. |
| business license california price: Working for Yourself Stephen Fishman, 2001 Legal advice for independent contractors, freelancers, consultants, and those thinking about working for themselves. |
| business license california price: Successfully Buy Your Franchise Andrew Rogerson, 2011-01-11 If you are considering business ownership there are three options available to you. Start your own business from scratch, buy an existing business or buy the rights to a franchise in your local market. This 144 page guide is for those who are considering buying a franchise. The processes can be very confusing and demanding trying to work out the many variables such as which franchise to buy, what franchises are available, what is the initial cost, how much are the royalties and any other ongoing costs and which legal entity to use. It also looks at getting a loan, what the Franchisor provides, your role, how much and what sort of support you get. This guide covers all these questions and many more. If you are serious about buying a franchise this guide will walk you through the steps and provide the answers for you from the initial steps to opening the doors of your business while answering all your questions so you do things from a position of strength. For more information visit: http://www.businesstransactionbooks.com |
| business license california price: Misrepresentations in Advertising of Properties United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Government Operations, 1958 Considers legislation to prohibit and provide penalties for fraudulent advance-fee advertising contracts for property sales. |
| business license california price: ... Selling at Retail Victor H. Pelz, 1926 |
| business license california price: Markup & Profit Michael Stone, 1999-01-01 In order to succeed in a construction business you have to be able to mark up the price of your jobs to cover overhead expenses and make a decent profit. The problem is how much to mark it up. You don't want to lose jobs because you charge too much, and you don't want to work for free because you've charged too little. If you know how much to mark up you can apply it to your job costs and arrive at the right sales price for your work. This book gives you the background and the calculations necessary to easily figure the markup that is right for your business. Includes a CD-ROM with forms and checklists for your use. |
| business license california price: The Restaurant John R. Walker, 2021-12-02 THE RESTAURANT AN AUTHORITATIVE, UP-TO-DATE, AND ONE-STOP GUIDE TO THE RESTAURANT BUSINESS In the newly revised The Restaurant: From Concept to Operation, Ninth Edition, accomplished hospitality and restaurant professional John R. Walker delivers a comprehensive exploration of opening a restaurant, from the initial idea to the grand opening. The book offers readers robust, applications-based coverage of all aspects of developing, opening, and running a restaurant. Readers will discover up-to-date material on staffing, legal and regulatory issues, cost control, financing, marketing and promotion, equipment and design, menus, sanitation, and concepts. Every chapter has been revised, updated and enhanced with several industry examples, sidebars, charts, tables, photos, and menus. The ninth edition of The Restaurant: From Concept to Operation provides readers with all the information they need to make sound decisions that will allow for the building of a thriving restaurant business. The book also offers: A thorough introduction to the restaurant business, from the history of eating out to the modern challenges of restaurant operation A comprehensive exploration of restaurants and their owners, including quick-casual, sandwich, family, fine-dining, and other establishments Practical discussions of menus, kitchens, and purchasing, including prices and pricing strategies, menu accuracy, health inspections, and food purchasing systems In-depth examinations of restaurant operations, including bar and beverage service, budgeting and control, and food production and sanitation An indispensable resource for undergraduate and graduate restaurant and food management services and business administration students, The Restaurant: From Concept to Operation, Ninth Edition is also perfect for aspiring and practicing restaurant owners and restaurant investors seeking a one-stop guide to the restaurant business. |
| business license california price: Journal of Transportation and Statistics , 1999-12 |
| business license california price: Contractor's and Consumer's Guide to California's Old and New Mechanics Lien Laws Howard B. Brown, 2012-04-15 The new mechanics lien laws that become fully effective July 1, 2012, enacted a complete revision to the California mechanics lien laws. The bill was the result of work of many years of work by the California Law Revision Commission. The author, Howard B. Brown, worked with that commission. He has been an attorney for over 63 years and most of that in construction litigation and law. The new laws have made numerous changes in the lien laws. All contractors, builders, lenders sureties and those desiring their services will be affected by the new statutes. A purpose of this book is to explain the new laws and their interfacing with the present statutes to be replaced by the new statutes in whole or in part, as they may relate to the construction of projects and improvements under old, but still existing, and new laws that become effective as indicated. |
| business license california price: California Fruit News , 1918 |
| business license california price: Monthly List of Publications and Motion Pictures United States. Dept. of Agriculture, 1929 |
| business license california price: Understanding Medical Cannabis Joanne Levine, 2020-12-29 This accessible text provides trainee human service providers and those currently working in the field with a comprehensive, cutting-edge overview of topics related to the medical and therapeutic use of cannabis. Employing an interdisciplinary, biopsychosocial framework, the book explores the different biological, cultural, and policy contexts of medical cannabis from a wide range of perspectives including practitioners, academics, and medical cannabis advocates. This book bridges the gap between theory and practice and underscores the urgent need for expanded and rigorous scientific research as medical cannabis is increasingly legalized, that may result in new cannabis-based medicines and help in identifying what health risks cannabis use may present. Chapters are both evidence-based and practical, weaving in learning objectives, review questions, and varied case examples, all of which will prepare students and professionals for the reality of working with medical cannabis consumers. |
| business license california price: Fish and Game Code California, 1961 |
| business license california price: Financial-insurance News , 1922 |
| business license california price: The Unofficial Guide to Making Money on eBay Lynn Dralle, 2006-04-13 The inside scoop...for when you want more than the official line! More than 430,000 people run full- or part-time businesses on eBay. Whether you want to become a PowerSeller yourself, supplement an established bricks-and-mortar business, or just make some extra money by cleaning out your garage and attic, this guide will help you get your merchandise going?going?gone! It tells you how to do everything from opening your seller's account and listing your items to collecting the payments. Chockfull of tips, techniques, and expert advice from The Queen of Auctions, Lynn Dralle, it includes: Vital Information for maximizing your sales, including the top ten eBay categories Insider Secrets on acquiring merchandise, creating effective listings, earning positive feedback, and more Money-Saving Techniques, including the best ways to ship various types of merchandise Money-Making Techniques, such as selling collectibles individually rather than as a set Time-Saving Tips, such as setting up efficient areas for staging, storage, and shipping The Scoop on the latest trends, including Buy It Now sales and eBay drop-off stores |
| business license california price: The Small Business Start-Up Kit Peri Pakroo, 2018-02-28 Everything you need to start a business, from creating a solid business plan and selecting a marketable name to business contracts, taxes, and reaching customers online. |
| business license california price: State Price Control Legislation Marketing Laws Survey (U.S.), 1940 |
| business license california price: State Price Control Legislation Marketing Laws Survey, 1940 |
| business license california price: California Grocers Advocate , 1909 |
| business license california price: California Real Estate License Express: All-in-One Review and Testing to Pass California's Real Estate Exam David Cusic, Stephen Mettling, Ryan Mettling, 2020-09-07 Features of California Real Estate License Express (CA-RELE): General Principles & Law Key Point Review (60 pages) California-Specific Principles and Laws (56 pages) Real Estate Math Key Formula Review & Practice (17 pages) General Real Estate Practice Tests (500 questions) California State-Level Practice Tests (90 questions) California Practice Exam (150 questions) We know the real estate licensing exam can be tough, and very nerve-wracking to prepare for. That’s why we created the California Real Estate License Express (CA-RELE) the way we did. Since we have been managing real estate schools and developing curriculum for forty years, we know how all this works – or fails to work. CA-RELE is comprehensive in that it contains both key content review and testing practice. And the text review is California-specific – not just simplistic generic content, but terse, relevant and accurate state laws and regulations presented in a well-organized set of ‘key point reviews’ which are ideal for pre-test memorization. Finally, our real estate principles and practices content, as well as our question selection, is further tailored to the state testing outline promulgated by the California Department of Real Estate (DRE). Therefore, the selected legal points and test questions reflect the topic emphasis of your California license exam. A word about the test questions… CA-RELE’s testing practice section consists of ten general practice tests, three California state law tests, and one state exam simulation test. The questions are direct, to the point, and designed to test your understanding. When you have completed a given test, you can check your answers against the answer key in the appendix. To enhance your learning and preparations, each question’s answer is accompanied by a brief explanation, or “rationale” underlying the correct answer. In the end, as you know, it’s all up to you. Unlike other publications, we are not going to tell you that using this book will guarantee that you pass your state exam. It still takes hard work and study to pass. But we have done our best here to get you ready. Following that, the most we can do is wish you the best of success in taking and passing your California real estate exam. So good luck!! |
| business license california price: Hearings, Reports and Prints of the Senate Committee on Government Operations United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Government Operations, 1969 |
| business license california price: California Cultivator , 1924 |
| business license california price: Los Angeles Financier , 1907 |
| business license california price: The Petroleum Gazette Frank F. Murray, Joseph Murray, 1913 |
| business license california price: California Journal , 1981 |
| business license california price: International Handbook of Blockchain Law Thomas Richter, Matthias Artzt, 2024-08-14 Blockchain’s significant advances since 2020 – including a plethora of new use cases – have necessitated a comprehensive revision of the first edition of this matchless resource. While new chapters and topics have been added, the handbook still follows the systematic and structured approach of the first edition. Each contributor – all of them practitioners experienced with blockchain projects within their respective areas of expertise and specific jurisdictions – elucidates the implications of blockchain technology and related legal issues under such headings as the following: understanding blockchain from a technological point of view; regulatory aspects of blockchain; smart contracts; data privacy; capital markets; crypto asset regulation in Europe, the UK and the US; intellectual property; and antitrust law. The foundational chapter on the technical aspects of blockchain technology has been meticulously expanded to elucidate the proof of stake consensus mechanism alongside fresh insights into the ERC-721 Token Standard for non-fungible tokens, decentralized exchanges, staking, stablecoins, and central bank digital currencies. As blockchain law cements itself as a distinct legal field, this new edition is poised to be an invaluable asset for legal practitioners, in-house lawyers, IT professionals, consultancy firms, blockchain associations, and legal scholars. At a depth that allows non-IT experts to understand the groundwork for legal assessments, the handbook provides those charting the dynamic waters of this field of law with a compass, ensuring they are well-equipped to tackle the legal issues raised by the usage of blockchain technology. |
| business license california price: Constructor , 1925 |
BSIS Licensing Fees - California
For a complete list of all licensing fees, please review Business and Professions Code (Code) Section 163.5 and Chapters 8.5, 11, 11.3, 11.4, 11.5, and 11.6 of Division 3 of the Code.
Professional & Business License Handbook - rialtoca.gov
The California Professional & Business License Handbook, 6th Edition, is a reference guide. State li-censes, permits*, registrations, or certifications required by law to do business in California …
SACRAMENTO COUNTY BUSINESS LICENSING
Checks or money orders for business license and employee permit fees should be made payable to Sacramento County. An application is not complete without payment of the required fee(s), …
General Business License Information - Imperial County, …
of the county do not have to have a county business license. Non-Profit Organizations: Exempt from License Fee, but required to pay $25.00 application fee and the state mandated $1.00 fee, …
Calculation Instructions SchCode # and Business …
business license tax. Code 6000.00 - Tobacco Retail License Must be purchased in addition to the RETAIL ANNUAL LICENSE. This is a separate license from the retail business license and …
Business License Application - California City, California
Aug 31, 2022 · See the California City Master Fee Schedule on our website. Click here for cost of fees. By signing below, I certify under penalty of perjury that the foregoing information is true …
STARTING A NEW BUSINESS IN CALIFORNIA
CalGold website provides detailed information on business permits, license, and registration requirements from all levels of government. Bear in mind that other requirements may apply.
Your California Seller’s Permit - California Department of Tax …
• Beginning April 1, 2019, you are engaged in business in California if, during the preceding or current calendar year, the total combined sales of tangible personal property in California or for …
CSLB New Fee Schedule - California
The $450 active license renewal fee for sole ownerships is NOT being increased in 2022. The decision to raise fees is not made lightly and in recent years CSLB has taken multiple …
BUSINESS LICENSE FAQs - Los Angeles County Treasurer and …
The County’s business license fee is neither a tax on your business nor an amount based on your gross receipts. The fee covers the County’s cost to process your
Starting a New Business in California
Once the business entity is formed or registered with the California Secretary of State, the business must obtain the necessary licenses and/or permits to conduct business.
24. Business Opportunities - California Department of Real …
estate license is required to engage as an agent in the sale or lease of business opportunities. Definition . The Real Estate Law defines “business opportunity” as the sale or lease of the …
(1020) Application for Establishment License Instructions
Complete this form in accordance with the instructions below and include additional pages and documents as necessary. The California Board of Barbering and Cosmetology (Board) cannot …
Licensing Fee Chart - California Bureau of Real Estate Appraisers
Feb 12, 2021 · This fee is a combination of fees set forth in California Code of Regulations, title 10, section 3582 (CCR 3582) as follows: Application Review Fee $400.00 (CCR 3582(b)(1)); …
California & Reference Book - CSLB
The California Contractors License Law & Reference Book (2023 Edition) is available from Matthew Bender & Company, Inc. Copies may be purchased by calling 1-877-394-8826; or …
CITY OF ESCONDIDO Business Resource Guide
’re here to help your business succeed. This Resource Guide provides information on how to get your business of the ground including important considerations, detailed steps for geting a …
Are You “Doing Business” in California? - Mayer Brown
While California law requires non-California companies to “qualify” (i.e., get a certificate of authority) as a condition to doing business in the state, there is no clear definition of what it …
Business License Guide - Eureka, CA
Mar 21, 2024 · City of Eureka – Business License Renewal Guide – 03/2024 Page 1 of 2 Eureka Business License Guide for Renewals and New Licenses Assistance is available for business …
Handyperson Exemption to Increase to $1,000 in 2025 - CSLB
SACRAMENTO, CA – A new law will raise the threshold for work requiring a contractor’s license from $500 to $1,000. contractor’s license if they do not hire workers and no building permits are …
Business Entities Fee Schedule - California
Statutory fees for the various business programs can generally be found in California Government Code section 12178.1 and commencing with California Government Code Section 12180.
BSIS Licensing Fees - California
For a complete list of all licensing fees, please review Business and Professions Code (Code) Section 163.5 and Chapters 8.5, 11, 11.3, 11.4, 11.5, and 11.6 of Division 3 of the Code.
Professional & Business License Handbook - rialtoca.gov
The California Professional & Business License Handbook, 6th Edition, is a reference guide. State li-censes, permits*, registrations, or certifications required by law to do business in California …
SACRAMENTO COUNTY BUSINESS LICENSING
Checks or money orders for business license and employee permit fees should be made payable to Sacramento County. An application is not complete without payment of the required fee(s), …
General Business License Information - Imperial County, …
of the county do not have to have a county business license. Non-Profit Organizations: Exempt from License Fee, but required to pay $25.00 application fee and the state mandated $1.00 …
Calculation Instructions SchCode # and Business …
business license tax. Code 6000.00 - Tobacco Retail License Must be purchased in addition to the RETAIL ANNUAL LICENSE. This is a separate license from the retail business license and …
Business License Application - California City, California
Aug 31, 2022 · See the California City Master Fee Schedule on our website. Click here for cost of fees. By signing below, I certify under penalty of perjury that the foregoing information is true …
STARTING A NEW BUSINESS IN CALIFORNIA
CalGold website provides detailed information on business permits, license, and registration requirements from all levels of government. Bear in mind that other requirements may apply.
Your California Seller’s Permit - California Department of …
• Beginning April 1, 2019, you are engaged in business in California if, during the preceding or current calendar year, the total combined sales of tangible personal property in California or …
CSLB New Fee Schedule - California
The $450 active license renewal fee for sole ownerships is NOT being increased in 2022. The decision to raise fees is not made lightly and in recent years CSLB has taken multiple …
BUSINESS LICENSE FAQs - Los Angeles County Treasurer …
The County’s business license fee is neither a tax on your business nor an amount based on your gross receipts. The fee covers the County’s cost to process your
Starting a New Business in California
Once the business entity is formed or registered with the California Secretary of State, the business must obtain the necessary licenses and/or permits to conduct business.
24. Business Opportunities - California Department of Real …
estate license is required to engage as an agent in the sale or lease of business opportunities. Definition . The Real Estate Law defines “business opportunity” as the sale or lease of the …
(1020) Application for Establishment License Instructions
Complete this form in accordance with the instructions below and include additional pages and documents as necessary. The California Board of Barbering and Cosmetology (Board) cannot …
Licensing Fee Chart - California Bureau of Real Estate …
Feb 12, 2021 · This fee is a combination of fees set forth in California Code of Regulations, title 10, section 3582 (CCR 3582) as follows: Application Review Fee $400.00 (CCR 3582(b)(1)); …
California & Reference Book - CSLB
The California Contractors License Law & Reference Book (2023 Edition) is available from Matthew Bender & Company, Inc. Copies may be purchased by calling 1-877-394-8826; or …
CITY OF ESCONDIDO Business Resource Guide
’re here to help your business succeed. This Resource Guide provides information on how to get your business of the ground including important considerations, detailed steps for geting a …
Are You “Doing Business” in California? - Mayer Brown
While California law requires non-California companies to “qualify” (i.e., get a certificate of authority) as a condition to doing business in the state, there is no clear definition of what it …
Business License Guide - Eureka, CA
Mar 21, 2024 · City of Eureka – Business License Renewal Guide – 03/2024 Page 1 of 2 Eureka Business License Guide for Renewals and New Licenses Assistance is available for business …
Handyperson Exemption to Increase to $1,000 in 2025 - CSLB
SACRAMENTO, CA – A new law will raise the threshold for work requiring a contractor’s license from $500 to $1,000. contractor’s license if they do not hire workers and no building permits …
