| business management administration degree: Deficiencies in English Indiana. Department of Public Instruction, 1910 |
| business management administration degree: The Dynamics of Effective Negotiation Donald B. Sparks, 1993 The Dynamics of Effective Negotiation shows how to achieve the greatest benefits from approaching negotiations pragmatically, rather than by considering them an art form. |
| business management administration degree: Lycoming College Catalog Lycoming College, 1920 |
| business management administration degree: White Awareness Judy H. Katz, 1978 Stage 1. |
| business management administration degree: Managing Diversity in Organizations Barbara Beham, Caroline Straub, Joachim Schwalbach, 2013-07-10 Diversity management has recently attracted a lot of attention in both academia and practice. Globalization, migration, demographic changes, low fertility rates, a scarce pool of qualified labor, and women entering the workforce in large scales have led to an increasingly heterogeneous workforce in the past twenty years. In response to those ongoing changes, organizations have started to create work environments which address the needs and respond to the opportunities of a diverse workforce. The implementation of diversity policies and practices and the creation of an organizational culture that values heterogeneity have been the focus of recent organizational initiatives. This special issue aims at shedding light on some of open research questions by including both theoretical and empirical contributions. |
| business management administration degree: Sustainable Entrepreneurship Christina Weidinger, Franz Fischler, René Schmidpeter, 2013-08-13 Sustainable Entrepreneurship stands for a business driven concept of sustainability which focusses on increasing both social as well as business value - so called Shared Value. This book shows why and how this unique concept has the potential to become the most recognised strategic management approach in our times. It aims to point out the opportunities that arise from putting sustainable entrepreneurship into practice. At the same time, this book is a wake-up call for all those companies and decision makers who underestimated Sustainable Entrepreneurship before or who are simply not aware of its greater dimension. Well structured chapters from different academic and business perspectives clearly outline how Sustainable Entrepreneurship contributes to solving the world's most challenging problems, such as Climate Change, Finance Crisis and Political Uncertainty, as well as to ensuring business success. The book provides a framework of orientation where the journey might go: What can a successful concept of SE look like? What are the key drivers for its realisation? What is the role of business in shaping the future of our society? The book also presents best practices and provides unique learnings as well as business insights from the international Sustainable Entrepreneurship Award (www.se-award.org). The Sustainable Entrepreneurship Award (short SEA) is an award for companies today who are thinking about tomorrow by making sustainable business practices an integral part of their corporate culture. Companies that receive the SEA are being recognised for the vision they have shown in combining economic and sustainable responsibility. |
| business management administration degree: Managerial Communication Geraldine E. Hynes, Jennifer R. Veltsos, 2018-01-20 A Practical, Strategic Approach to Managerial Communication Managerial Communication: Strategies and Applications focuses on communication skills and strategies that managers need to be successful in today’s workplace. Known for its holistic overview of communication, solid research base, and focus on managerial competencies, this text continues to be the market leader in the field. In the Seventh Edition, author Geraldine E. Hynes and new co-author Jennifer R. Veltsos preserve the book’s strategic perspective and include new updates to reflect the modern workplace. The new edition adds a chapter on visual communication that explains how to design documents, memorable presentations, and impactful graphics. New coverage of virtual teams, virtual presentations, and online communication help students avoid common pitfalls when using technology. |
| business management administration degree: Managing Innovation and Change Sven B. Lundstedt, Thomas H. Moss, 2013-03-14 Technological innovations, as well as the social innovations needed to provide adequate support systems for them, are among the important foundations for economic and industrial growth in the world today. Consequently, the discussions in this important volume of the emerg ing sociotechnical trends in various industries around the world are highly instructive and timely. We can learn much of value from oth ers around the world who are facing similar problems of economic and industrial development. Sociotechnical innovation requires a global set ting to be fully understood and appreciated because so much new eco nomic activity that serves the economy of the United States, as well as the economies of other countries, is found in other parts of the world including not only manufacturing innovations, but innovations in the service industries. For all of our economic self-interests, we need to view innovation globally. Sociotechnical innovation is linked with the successful development of cutting edge technologies, such as ultra large-scale integrated elec tronic systems, new larger computers, the myria-process systems in computing architecture that use thousands of processors, new biochem ical solutions in high-cost feedstock, applications of genetic engineer ing to crop improvement, and biotechnological improvements in the pharmaceutical industries. There are also developments in the materi als field: new fiber-reinforced plastics, rapid solidification technologies, new polymers and ceramics. And there are advances in air transport technologies that may replace current technologies [1]. |
| business management administration degree: CPCU 552 , 2006-01-01 |
| business management administration degree: DAMA-DMBOK Dama International, 2017 Defining a set of guiding principles for data management and describing how these principles can be applied within data management functional areas; Providing a functional framework for the implementation of enterprise data management practices; including widely adopted practices, methods and techniques, functions, roles, deliverables and metrics; Establishing a common vocabulary for data management concepts and serving as the basis for best practices for data management professionals. DAMA-DMBOK2 provides data management and IT professionals, executives, knowledge workers, educators, and researchers with a framework to manage their data and mature their information infrastructure, based on these principles: Data is an asset with unique properties; The value of data can be and should be expressed in economic terms; Managing data means managing the quality of data; It takes metadata to manage data; It takes planning to manage data; Data management is cross-functional and requires a range of skills and expertise; Data management requires an enterprise perspective; Data management must account for a range of perspectives; Data management is data lifecycle management; Different types of data have different lifecycle requirements; Managing data includes managing risks associated with data; Data management requirements must drive information technology decisions; Effective data management requires leadership commitment. |
| business management administration degree: There Is Life After College Jeffrey J. Selingo, 2016-04-12 From the bestselling author of College Unbound comes a hopeful, inspiring blueprint to help alleviate parents’ anxiety and prepare their college-educated child to successfully land a good job after graduation. Saddled with thousands of dollars of debt, today’s college students are graduating into an uncertain job market that is leaving them financially dependent on their parents for years to come—a reality that has left moms and dads wondering: What did I pay all that money for? There Is Life After College offers students, parents, and even recent graduates the practical advice and insight they need to jumpstart their careers. Education expert Jeffrey Selingo answers key questions—Why is the transition to post-college life so difficult for many recent graduates? How can graduates market themselves to employers that are reluctant to provide on-the-job training? What can institutions and individuals do to end the current educational and economic stalemate?—and offers a practical step-by-step plan every young professional can follow. From the end of high school through college graduation, he lays out exactly what students need to do to acquire the skills companies want. Full of tips, advice, and insight, this wise, practical guide will help every student, no matter their major or degree, find real employment—and give their parents some peace of mind. |
| business management administration degree: Business Administration Peter Thuis, Rienk Stuive, 2019-11-28 Business Administration offers an integrated, practical approach to all key aspects of business administration and to how business processes are managed. The authors highlight the function and relevance of business management in day-to-day business operations. Business Administration offers a single frame of reference for all chapters: Management success stories Management blunders Socially responsible business practice Key performance indicators Historical trends in business administration This book is an indispensable tool in all degree programmes in which business administration is a key component, including Business, Economics and Law, as well as other economics and business programmes. A companion website featuring extra materials for lecturers and students is available at: http://www.mathematicsforfinanceandeconomics.noordhoff.nl |
| business management administration degree: Making Your Major Decision Peterson's, 2013-09-30 Choosing a college major is one of the most important decisions students ever make, yet there is often confusion about picking the right discipline. Studies show that nearly two-thirds of all college freshman have not chosen a major, and nearly 60 percent of undergraduates change their major at least once resulting in lost time, money and productivity. To minimize the uncertainty in selecting the right major, Peterson's has partnered with industry leader, CPP the makers of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. The MBTI was developed in the 1940s to make Carl Jung's theory of personality type understandable and useful in everyday life. This book will include access to a personality assessment to determine likes/dislikes and strengths/weaknesses to aid them in making sound decisions. The MBTI assessment, now priced at $9.95, coupled with the descriptions of more than 800 college majors, including course requirements, related majors, and related careers, will provide students an invaluable resource for making The Major Decision. |
| business management administration degree: Recruit Rockstars Jeff Hyman, 2017-11-06 Ninety percent of business problems are actually recruiting problems in disguise. If you're filling your company's vacant positions with B-Players, you're playing with fire. Instead, hire Rockstars to build an organization with limitless potential. Recruit Rockstars shows you how to find, hire, and keep the best of the best. Top-tier executive recruiter Jeff Hyman has hired more than three thousand people over the course of his career. Now, he reveals his bulletproof 10-step method for landing the very best talent, based on data instead of gut feel. From sourcing and interviewing to closing and onboarding, you'll learn how to attract winners like a magnet and avoid the mistakes that result in bad hires. Assembling a team of driven and innovative Rockstars is the most powerful competitive advantage you can have in today's ever-changing business world. Recruit Rockstars will help you nail your numbers, impress your investors, and crush your competitors. |
| business management administration degree: Leadership Step by Step Joshua Spodek, 2017-02-16 Don’t be content with simply learning what makes a great leader. Take the time to put in the work building those character traits inside you. Why is it that most of the principles and ideas we are inspired with when we read leadership books rarely end up leaving the page? Because we’ve learned what successful leaders are doing, as well as why we should be implementing it ourselves, but we have no idea how we can specifically do all this in our unique circumstances. Leadership Step by Step walks you through what to do and how to do it by taking you through an integrated and comprehensive progression of exercises designed to cultivate key abilities, behaviors, and beliefs through experience. By the end of the 22 exercises in this hands-on book, you will learn to: Build self-awareness Manage emotions Speak in an authentic voice Create meaningful connections Inspire others Each chapter opens with a story demonstrating a vital leadership skill. Then, it guides you through the process of developing that skill for yourself. Leadership Step by Step teaches you how to be that leader you’ve read so much about! |
| business management administration degree: 2022 CFA Program Curriculum Level I Box Set CFA Institute, 2021-05-04 Prepare for success on the 2022 CFA Level I exam with the latest official CFA® Program Curriculum. The 2022 CFA Program Curriculum Level I Box Set contains all the material you need to succeed on the Level I CFA exam in 2022. This set includes the full official curriculum for Level I and is part of the larger CFA Candidate Body of Knowledge (CBOK). Highly visual and intuitively organized, this box set allows you to: Learn from financial thought leaders. Access market-relevant instruction. Gain critical knowledge and skills. The set also includes practice questions to assist with your recall of key terms, concepts, and formulas. Perfect for anyone preparing for the 2022 Level I CFA exam, the 2022 CFA Program Curriculum Level I Box Set is a must-have resource for those seeking the foundational skills required to become a Chartered Financial Analyst®. |
| business management administration degree: Technological Innovation Marie C. Thursby, 2016-08-23 This is the 2nd edition of Technological Innovation. Profiting from technological innovation requires scientific and engineering expertise, and an understanding of how business and legal factors facilitate commercialization. This volume presents a multidisciplinary view of issues in technology commercialization and entrepreneurship. |
| business management administration degree: The Fourth Industrial Revolution Alan Nankervis, Julia Connell, Alan Montague, John Burgess, 2021-08-11 This book explores the core themes of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) highlighting the digital transformation that has been occurring in society and business. Representing an interface between technologies in the physical, digital and biological disciplines the book explores emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, robotics, the Internet of Things, autonomous vehicles, 3-D printing, nanotechnology, biotechnology, materials science, energy storage, and quantum computing. The findings of collaborative research studies on the potential impact of the 4IR on the labour markets, occupations, future workforce competencies and skills associated with eight industry sectors in Australia are reported. The sectors are: agriculture and mining; manufacturing and logistics; health, medical and nursing; education; retail; financial services; government services and tourism. |
| business management administration degree: (Re)Defining the Goal Kevin J. Fleming, Ph.d., Ph D Kevin J Fleming, 2016-07-02 How is it possible that both university graduates and unfilled job openings are both at record-breaking highs? Our world has changed. New and emerging occupations in every industry now require a combination of academic knowledge and technical ability. With rising education costs, mounting student debt, fierce competition for jobs, and the oversaturation of some academic majors in the workforce, we need to once again guide students towards personality-aligned careers and not just into college. Extensively researched, (Re)Defining the Goal deconstructs the prevalent one-size-fits-all education agenda. The author provides a fresh perspective, replicable strategies, and outlines six proven steps to help students secure a competitive advantage in the new economy. Gain a new paradigm and the right resources to help students avoid the pitfalls of unemployment, or underemployment, after graduation. |
| business management administration degree: The Condition of Education 2018 Education Department, 2019-06-30 The Condition of Education 2018 summarizes important developments and trends in education using the latest available data. The report presents 47 indicators on the status and condition of education. The indicators represent a consensus of professional judgment on the most significant national measures of the condition and progress of education for which accurate data are available. The Condition of Education includes an At a Glance section, which allows readers to quickly make comparisons across indicators, and a Highlights section, which captures key findings from each indicator. In addition, The Condition of Education contains a Reader's Guide, a Glossary, and a Guide to Sources that provide additional background information. Each indicator provides links to the source data tables used to produce the analyses. |
| business management administration degree: Management--process, Structure, and Behavior Daniel A. Wren, Dan Voich, 1984-01-01 |
| business management administration degree: The Land Use Awakening Robert H. Freilich, Eric O. Stuhler, 1981 Articles originally appeared in the Urban lawyer. |
| business management administration degree: Modern Job Search Kurt Schmidt, 2014-03 Modern Job Search is a definitive guide for job seekers of all experience levels and is the product of over 15 years of experience in recruiting and executive search. Learn where to start (value) How to identify hiring managers How to prepare resumes that work How to get in front of the right people How to control interviews How to negotiate good offers The methods described are what I use to market candidates into some of the world's best companies. The experiences in the narrative are all accurate portrayals of what it takes to find jobs, get invited to interviews and receive offers. The guidance given, process followed and work done are all real. When was the last time you really had to look for a job? Don't get caught unprepared. Buy this book and take control of your job search About the Author: Kurt Schmidt has over 15 years of successful experience in fee-paid executive search and recruiting. Currently, he is the President and owner of a specialized search firm focused on filling Supply Chain Management positions in the energy and manufacturing industries. Past and present clients include BP (British Petroleum), Halliburton, Emerson, Trane, Flextronics, AGCO, Danaher, American Standard, Exterran, Cameron, Dell, Iomega, Ingersoll Rand, Whirlpool, Motorola, Hewlett Packard / Compaq, Hitachi, Thyssen-Krupp, Tyco Electronics, John Deere, Solectron, Black and Decker and many others. |
| business management administration degree: School Business Administration John R. Ray, I. Carl Candoli, Walter G. Hack, 2005 School Business Administration, Eighth Edition helps readers develop a rationale for how school business administration functions and understand that role in current practice. This text maintains that the purpose of school business administration is to contribute to instructional effectiveness by helping key decision makers use financial resources wisely in support of educational goals. It views school business administration as a collaborative enterprise and takes a positive, proactive approach to the contemporary problems and issues facing education today. Hallmark Features Includes analysis of problems and issues that require leadership from school business administrators and also depicts the social, economic, and political context in which administrators work. Facilitates understanding of key concepts through a developmental sequence of chapters and places the role of the school business office in its proper perspective as a support activity. Uses site-based management to illustrate principal and teacher involvement in school business administration. Presents chapters on management and information systems and a unique chapter on cash management with ways to enhance investment potential. Describes sources of revenue and fiscal decisions and how these impact school business administration in this new environment. Provides a unique focus on student achievement as the main goal that should be served by all divisions of the school organization. Shows how school organizations can receive morebang for the buck by providing guidelines and good business practices. Explains the integral importance of how SBA concepts relate to the superintendence team. Visit our Educational Leadership Supersite at www.ablongman.com/edleadership for additional leadership resources! |
| business management administration degree: Principles of Management 3.0 Talya Bauer, Jeremy Short, Berrin Erdogan, Mason Carpenter, 2017 |
| business management administration degree: Rethink the MBA Micah Merrick, 2014-03-07 My name is Micah. I got an MBA in 2009 from Wharton. I went to business school to become an entrepreneur. It was a mistake. I believe many people get an MBA for the wrong reasons, like me. If you're interested in an MBA, but don't want to work in Banking or Consulting, this book is for you. I should never have gotten an MBA. Maybe you shouldn't either. This book explains why, and offers suggestions for what you can do instead. |
| business management administration degree: Business Management and Administration Geoffrey Whitehead, Graham Whitehall, 2000 |
| business management administration degree: The Legal Rights of People with Disabilities , 1991 |
| business management administration degree: Human Resources in Healthcare Bruce Fried, Myron D. Fottler, 2015 |
| business management administration degree: Business Administration Peter Thuis, Rienk Stuive, 2019-11-28 Business Administration offers an integrated, practical approach to all key aspects of business administration and to how business processes are managed. The authors highlight the function and relevance of business management in day-to-day business operations. Business Administration offers a single frame of reference for all chapters: Management success stories Management blunders Socially responsible business practice Key performance indicators Historical trends in business administration This book is an indispensable tool in all degree programmes in which business administration is a key component, including Business, Economics and Law, as well as other economics and business programmes. A companion website featuring extra materials for lecturers and students is available at: http://www.mathematicsforfinanceandeconomics.noordhoff.nl |
| business management administration degree: Review of Small Business Administration's Programs and Policies--1969 United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Small Business, 1969 |
| business management administration degree: BUSINESS MANAGEMENT ( PART - III ) Prabhu TL, No business operates itself. No one person can manage every aspect either. Business and Management are the disciplines devoted to organizing, analyzing, and planning various types of business operations. And if that sounds really general, that’s just because these Book cover a lot of ground! These concepts given in this book teach the fundamental skills that are required to efficiently run or manage a business. So, whether you want to work for a large corporation, or in a mom-and-pop shop, you can be confident that a topic in this Business and Management book will teach you the skills and theory you need for a successful career. Being in the business field could mean anything from routing calls to making sales. Some work in public relations while others choose market research. Purchasing managers share the elevator with distribution managers, and a director of human resources chats with the benefits administrator. A manager keeps the day-to-day business operations running smoothly. They may write departmental procedures, conduct performance evaluations, and train new staff. Some make hiring—and firing—decisions. Managers set budgets, evaluate new technologies, and mentor their employees. Maybe you have the entrepreneurial spirit and want to try your hand at building the next Facebook. Experience goes a long way, but if you combine that with an entrepreneurship degree, you’ll be well equipped to set off on your own. However you choose to pursue either business or management, you want to make sure that you’re choosing a career that fits your unique skills. The possible job titles for Business and Management majors are practically unlimited. They range from financial managers, who use their mathematical skills to generate financial forecasts, to marketing managers, who draw upon their creativity to manage advertising and sales efforts. This Book Business and Management,splitted in to Five parts This is the Third part in the series each part covers 10 Subject Matters ,Subjects covered in this Third part are given below : WORKPLACE CIVILITY WORKFORCE DIVERSITY WORKPLACE POLITICS WORKPLACE STRESS WORK-LIFE BALANCE THE ART OF HAPPINESS TOURISM MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT ART PUBLIC MANAGEMENT STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT One excels at sales while another pursues new product development. A genius negotiator may fail at public relations. Contracts can fall through in the hands of an otherwise gifted marketing manager. In a successful business venture, the entrepreneur finds experts to cover his or her weaker skills. There is a business career for everyone from high school graduates to a PhD. Of course, the most popular graduate-level degree is the MBA. For that reason, we separated the MBA into its own page. Within the business world, accounting is also a broad field with incredible demand, so we have a separate hub all about accounting. Benefits of This Business Management Book This Business and Management Book will prepare you for a variety of different possible career paths – and with a degree in this field, you’ll always be in demand. That’s because the skills you’ll gain in this Business and Management Book are extremely transferrable, which means that they will be useful in many different industries. That gives you an amazing amount of flexibility if you decide that you want to shift to a different industry or role. You’ll also have great earning potential with the knowledge gained through this book, especially if you complete a graduate program at a top school. Working in finance or as a chief executive, you could even end up taking home a six-figure salary with potential knowledge of Business and Management! |
| business management administration degree: MBA Programs 2010 Peterson's, 2010-06-15 Peterson's MBA Programs provides comprehensive profiles of up-to-date information on full-time, part-time, joint-degree, Executive MBA, and online graduate programs at more than 1,000 institutions, including degrees comparable or equivalent to an MBA. A wealth of facts and figures on admission and degree requirements, entrance difficulty, postgraduate hiring rates, financial aid, and contact information for approximately 4,000 graduate-level business programs are all available within Peterson's guide. It contains informative articles such as how an MBA can advance a career, how to choose the right program and pay for it, the advantages of getting your advanced business degree abroad, information on the latest hiring and salary trends, and application tips, including guidance on how to write a winning essay. Profiles of institutions are listed alphabetically within state, province, or country, with all the fast facts an applicant needs-plus two-page narrative descriptions which contain even more in-depth information on schools. |
| business management administration degree: Small Business Administration's 8(a) Program United States. Congress. House. Committee on Small Business. Subcommittee on SBA and SBIC Authority, Minority Enterprise, and General Small Business Problems, 1981 |
| business management administration degree: What Can I Do Now? Ferguson, 2010 Guides students on the path to a career working in the business and finance industry. Job profiles include accountants and auditors, business managers, franchise owners, and human resources workers. |
| business management administration degree: Education Services , 1990 |
| business management administration degree: Announcement University of Michigan--Dearborn, 1981 |
| business management administration degree: Peterson's MBA Programs Peterson's (Firm), 2006 Detail on accredited MBA programs in the U.S and Canada. |
| business management administration degree: Register of the University of California University of California (1868-1952), 1949 |
| business management administration degree: The 1984 Guide to the Evaluation of Educational Experiences in the Armed Services American Council on Education, 1984 |
BUSINESS | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
BUSINESS definition: 1. the activity of buying and selling goods and services: 2. a particular company that buys and….
VENTURE | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
VENTURE definition: 1. a new activity, usually in business, that involves risk or uncertainty: 2. to risk going….
ENTERPRISE | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
ENTERPRISE definition: 1. an organization, especially a business, or a difficult and important plan, especially one that….
INCUMBENT | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
INCUMBENT definition: 1. officially having the named position: 2. to be necessary for someone: 3. the person who has or….
AD HOC | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
AD HOC definition: 1. made or happening only for a particular purpose or need, not planned before it happens: 2. made….
LEVERAGE | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
LEVERAGE definition: 1. the action or advantage of using a lever: 2. power to influence people and get the results you….
ENTREPRENEUR | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
ENTREPRENEUR definition: 1. someone who starts their own business, especially when this involves seeing a new opportunity….
CULTIVATE | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
CULTIVATE definition: 1. to prepare land and grow crops on it, or to grow a particular crop: 2. to try to develop and….
EQUITY | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
EQUITY definition: 1. the value of a company, divided into many equal parts owned by the shareholders, or one of the….
LIAISE | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
LIAISE definition: 1. to speak to people in other organizations, etc. in order to work with them or exchange….
BUSINESS | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
BUSINESS definition: 1. the activity of buying and selling goods and services: 2. a particular company that buys and….
VENTURE | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
VENTURE definition: 1. a new activity, usually in business, that involves risk or uncertainty: 2. to risk going….
ENTERPRISE | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
ENTERPRISE definition: 1. an organization, especially a business, or a difficult and important plan, especially one that….
INCUMBENT | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
INCUMBENT definition: 1. officially having the named position: 2. to be necessary for someone: 3. the person who has or….
AD HOC | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
AD HOC definition: 1. made or happening only for a particular purpose or need, not planned before it happens: 2. made….
LEVERAGE | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
LEVERAGE definition: 1. the action or advantage of using a lever: 2. power to influence people and get the results you….
ENTREPRENEUR | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
ENTREPRENEUR definition: 1. someone who starts their own business, especially when this involves seeing a new opportunity….
CULTIVATE | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
CULTIVATE definition: 1. to prepare land and grow crops on it, or to grow a particular crop: 2. to try to develop and….
EQUITY | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
EQUITY definition: 1. the value of a company, divided into many equal parts owned by the shareholders, or one of the….
LIAISE | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
LIAISE definition: 1. to speak to people in other organizations, etc. in order to work with them or exchange….
