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compound and complex sentences worksheet: Simple, Compound, Complex, and Compound-Complex Sentences: English Sentence Forms Manik Joshi, 2014-10-25 REVISED EDITION -- FEB 20, 2016 -- Sentence forms in English language - simple sentence, compound sentence, complex sentence, compound-complex sentence | phrases and clauses | independent or principal clause (main clause), dependent or subordinate clause | list of important coordinators and transitional expressions (transitional words or phrases) for compound sentences | list of important subordinators for complex sentences | double and multiple sentences | definition and examples of simple, compound and complex sentences |
compound and complex sentences worksheet: Scholastic Success with Grammar Grade 3 Scholastic Inc., 2002-08-01 For classroom and at-home use, provides reinforcement and practice in grammar topics suitable for third graders. Includes work sheets. |
compound and complex sentences worksheet: Simple and Compound Sentences Kara Murray, 2013-07-15 Teach young readers what simple and complex sentences are, and help them understand the uses of each. Age-appropriate examples make concepts clearer. While the book's subject comes from the Common Core Language Standards, its table of contents, glossary, index, captions, and more make it a useful tool for teaching the Common Core Reading Standards for Informational Text, too. Includes simple review questions with an answer key at the back of the book. Addresses standards CCSS.ELA-Literacy.L.3.1, 1f, 1h, 1i, 2, 3. |
compound and complex sentences worksheet: Don't Hog The Hedge Twinkl Originals, 2018-07-09 Hattie the Hedgehog wants everything to be perfect for her Big Sleep. It's half past September already. I must finish my hibernation checklist. Snuggle down with Hattie who, with the help of some unexpected visitors, discovers what she needs most of all for a happy hibernation. Download the full eBook and explore supporting teaching materials at www.twinkl.com/originals Join Twinkl Book Club to receive printed story books every half-term at www.twinkl.co.uk/book-club (UK only). |
compound and complex sentences worksheet: Grade 3 Writing Kumon Publishing, 2012-06-02 From fairy tales to five-paragraph essays, Kumon Writing Workbooks offer a complete program to improve the development and organization of ideas and expand vocabulary. Our fun and innovative exercises inspire creativity and the desire to write. |
compound and complex sentences worksheet: English Sentence Analysis Marjolijn Verspoor, Kim Sauter, 2000-08-15 English Sentence Analysis: An introductory course is designed as a 10-week course for students of English Language and Literature, Linguistics, or other language related fields. In 10 weeks the student will be proficient in English analysis at sentence, clause and phrase level and have a solid understanding of the traditional terms and concepts of English syntax. This introduction prepares for practical courses in grammar and writing skills and for theoretical courses in syntactic argumentation. The Course Book provides sentence structures in clear graphics; logically structured chapters with Introductions and Summaries; exercises with quotations and excerpts from English, American and Australian literature and pop songs. English Sentence Analysis: An introductory course has been classroom tested at various universities. The students seem to enjoy the ‘dreaded’ syntax course and pass rates have gone up significantly from 50 to 70%. Originally, this book was accompanied by a CD-rom with a Practice Program for Windows. The Practice Program on CD-rom is not updated anymore by its creators and as a result is no longer compatible with current Windows versions. For this reason, we have ceased to include it with the book. |
compound and complex sentences worksheet: Grammar by Diagram Cindy L. Vitto, 2022-04-30 A substantially updated edition of Cindy Vitto's popular grammar diagraming textbook. |
compound and complex sentences worksheet: First Day Jitters Julie Danneberg, 2013-01-07 Head back to school with the bestselling picture book classic! The perennial classroom read-aloud favorite for students and teachers, reminding us we all get the jitters sometimes. A perfect new school year pick for kindergarteners, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd graders who are feeling nervous or anxious about starting their first day. Sarah Jane Hartwell has that sinking feeling in the pit of her stomach—she's nervous and doesn't want to start a new school year. She doesn't know anybody, and nobody knows her. It will be awful. She just knows it. With a little convicing from Mr. Hartwell, Sarah Jane reluctantly heads to class. Shy at first, she's quickly befriended by Mrs. Burton and is reminded that everyone at school gets the jitters sometimes. A beloved and bestselling back to school staple, Sarah Jane's relatable story and its surprise ending will delight seasoned students and new faces alike who are anxious about their first day. • Includes a Certificate of Courage for First Day Completion and a First Day Memories Sheet! |
compound and complex sentences worksheet: Word Order in English Sentences Phil Williams, 2016-02-25 Want to master the basics of English structure? Do you fully understand 'subject-verb-object'? Can you rearrange clauses confidently? This book explains all. A complete foundation in word order and sentence structure for the English language, Word Order in English Sentences is a full self-study guide that takes you from the basic rules through to flexible structures. As well as learning the standard building blocks of English, you'll find the answers to positioning adverbial phrases building complex sentences, with exercises to test understanding. The rules and patterns are all demonstrated through easy-to-follow explanations with clear, engaging examples. This concise grammar guide is a must-have for starting students and language enthusiasts alike. Phil Williams takes you beyond the basics to make advanced English accessible for everyone - try it today. |
compound and complex sentences worksheet: Step up English Grammar Book 8 Solution Book (Year 2023-24) , 2024-01-02 Teacher’s Resource Book : Lessons plans, answer keys, hints and many other. Goyal Brothers Prakashan Is A Leading Publishing House In India. We Publish School Textbooks, Novels, Reading Guides, And Premium Notebooks For Schools, Corporates And Other Requirements. Our Printing Facilities Are At The Cutting Edge And We Employ The Highest International Quality Standards |
compound and complex sentences worksheet: What do you know about the UK , |
compound and complex sentences worksheet: Proofreading, Revising & Editing Skills Success in 20 Minutes a Day Brady Smith, 2017 In this eBook, you'll learn the principles of grammar and how to manipulate your words until they're just right. Strengthen your revising and editing skills and become a clear and consistent writer. -- |
compound and complex sentences worksheet: Sentence Combining Donald A. Daiker, Andrew Kerek, Max Morenberg, 1985 Twenty-three stimulating papers, including essays by Peter Elbow, Donald Murray, and William Strong, selected from the more than sixty presented at the Second Miami University Conference on Sentence Combining and the Teaching of Writing. Sentence combining has not only survived the paradigm shift in the teaching of writing but continues to stimulate provocative, creative thinking about the writing process itself. No longer an end in itself, but a tool, sentence combining has become a method of teaching about ways of thinking, of perceiving, and of organizing reality. |
compound and complex sentences worksheet: Spectrum Language Arts, Grade 7 Spectrum, 2014-08-15 An understanding of language arts concepts is key to strong communication skillsÑthe foundation of success across disciplines. Spectrum Language Arts for grade 7 provides focused practice and creative activities to help your child master parts of speech, vocabulary, sentence types, and grammar. --This comprehensive workbook doesnÕt stop with focused practiceÐit encourages children to explore their creative sides by challenging them with thought-provoking writing projects. Aligned to current state standards, Spectrum Language Arts for grade 7 includes an answer key and a supplemental WriterÕs Guide to reinforce grammar and language arts concepts. With the help of Spectrum, your child will build the language arts skills necessary for a lifetime of success. |
compound and complex sentences worksheet: Elementary Bible & English Grammar (Teacher Guide) , 2016-09-15 Learn basic grammar while studying God’s Word! A focus on more than 200 Biblical accounts, psalms, proverbs, prophecies, laws, and lettersInsights into the daily life of people living in Biblical times, as well as plants, animals, and Bible landscapesBasic English grammar, words to know, concepts, and more! Help Bible history come alive for children so they know these true events that changed the world forever, at the same time they are developing their reading skills. We live in a visually oriented society where people learn from a blend of both text and images. This collection of events and teachings from Scripture explores selected chapters and verses. With the help of maps, photographs, and diagrams, the ancient cultures of the Bible are set in a context that can be readily understood. In addition, specially written teaching helps to educate today’s young reader in understanding the Bible’s meaning and its relevance for everyday life. |
compound and complex sentences worksheet: Spectrum Language Arts, Grade 8 Spectrum, 2014-08-15 Spectrum Eighth Grade Language Arts Workbook for kids ages 13-14 Support your child’s educational journey with Spectrum’s Eighth Grade Workbook that teaches basic language arts skills to 8th grade students. Language Arts workbooks are a great way for kids to learn basic skills such as vocabulary acquisition, grammar, writing mechanics, and more through a variety of activities that are both fun AND educational! Why You’ll Love This Grammar Workbook Engaging and educational reading and writing practice. “Writing a dialogue”, “dictionary practice”, and “proofing letters” are a few of the fun activities that incorporate language arts into everyday settings to help inspire learning into your child’s homeschool or classroom curriculum. Testing progress along the way. Lesson reviews test student knowledge before moving on to new and exciting lessons. An answer key is included in the back of the 8th grade book to track your child’s progress and accuracy. Practically sized for every activity The 160-page eighth grade workbook is sized at about 8 inches x 11 inches—giving your child plenty of space to complete each exercise. About Spectrum For more than 20 years, Spectrum has provided solutions for parents who want to help their children get ahead, and for teachers who want their students to meet and exceed set learning goals—providing workbooks that are a great resource for both homeschooling and classroom curriculum. This Language Arts Kids Activity Book Contains: 4 chapters full of tips, fun activities, and lesson reviews An answer key and writer’s guide Perfectly sized at about 8” x 11 |
compound and complex sentences worksheet: P C Wren's Grammar 8 P C Wren, New English Grammar Series |
compound and complex sentences worksheet: Primary Grammar and Word Study , 2008 Designed to introduce students to parts of speech, ways to understand and choose words, punctuation and figure of speech. |
compound and complex sentences worksheet: A Modern Course in English Syntax Liliane Haegeman, Herman Wekker, 2002-09-10 This popular course book gives students of English and linguistics a systematic account of the rules of English syntax, and acquaints them with the general methodology of syntactic description. It teaches them how to formulate syntactic arguments, and how to apply the tests in the analysis of sentences. |
compound and complex sentences worksheet: The American Heritage Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs , 2005 Defines thousands of alphabetized English phrasal verbs, such as close up, fall out, take off, and tear down, and provides example sentences for every entry. |
compound and complex sentences worksheet: Writing Matters William Van Cleave, 2012-05-05 |
compound and complex sentences worksheet: Ready to Step Up: AN Interactive Bridge Course Class 8 Madhubun, Madhubun's Ready to Step Up – An Interactive Bridge Course for classes 3 – 8, each consisting of separate booklets for English, Hindi, Mathematics, Science, ... |
compound and complex sentences worksheet: Teach Like a Champion 2.0 Doug Lemov, 2015-01-12 One of the most influential teaching guides ever—updated! Teach Like a Champion 2.0 is a complete update to the international bestseller. This teaching guide is a must-have for new and experienced teachers alike. Over 1.3 million teachers around the world already know how the techniques in this book turn educators into classroom champions. With ideas for everything from boosting academic rigor, to improving classroom management, and inspiring student engagement, you will be able to strengthen your teaching practice right away. The first edition of Teach Like a Champion influenced thousands of educators because author Doug Lemov's teaching strategies are simple and powerful. Now, updated techniques and tools make it even easier to put students on the path to college readiness. Here are just a few of the brand new resources available in the 2.0 edition: Over 70 new video clips of real teachers modeling the techniques in the classroom (note: for online access of this content, please visit my.teachlikeachampion.com) A selection of never before seen techniques inspired by top teachers around the world Brand new structure emphasizing the most important techniques and step by step teaching guidelines Updated content reflecting the latest best practices from outstanding educators Organized by category and technique, the book’s structure enables you to read start to finish, or dip in anywhere for the specific challenge you’re seeking to address. With examples from outstanding teachers, videos, and additional, continuously updated resources at teachlikeachampion.com, you will soon be teaching like a champion. The classroom techniques you'll learn in this book can be adapted to suit any context. Find out why Teach Like a Champion is a teaching Bible for so many educators worldwide. |
compound and complex sentences worksheet: Language Handbook Worksheets Holt Mcdougal, 2005 |
compound and complex sentences worksheet: Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary Kate Woodford, Guy Jackson, 2003 The Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary is the ideal dictionary for advanced EFL/ESL learners. Easy to use and with a great CD-ROM - the perfect learner's dictionary for exam success. First published as the Cambridge International Dictionary of English, this new edition has been completely updated and redesigned. - References to over 170,000 words, phrases and examples explained in clear and natural English - All the important new words that have come into the language (e.g. dirty bomb, lairy, 9/11, clickable) - Over 200 'Common Learner Error' notes, based on the Cambridge Learner Corpus from Cambridge ESOL exams Plus, on the CD-ROM: - SMART thesaurus - lets you find all the words with the same meaning - QUICKfind - automatically looks up words while you are working on-screen - SUPERwrite - tools for advanced writing, giving help with grammar and collocation - Hear and practise all the words. |
compound and complex sentences worksheet: 501 Sentence Completion Questions , 2004 High school entrance exams, PSAT, SAT, and GRE, as well as professional and civil service qualifying exams, use vocabulary words in context to test verbal aptitude. Test-takers must choose the correct word out of five possible choices. Correct answers are fully explained using their definitions, to reinforce skills. |
compound and complex sentences worksheet: Our Runaway Kite Johnny Gruelle, L. Frank Baum, Frances Hodgson Burnett, L. M. Montgomery, 2014 This series contains a collection of tales from the toy box. |
compound and complex sentences worksheet: From Space to Time Martin Haspelmath, 1997 |
compound and complex sentences worksheet: Voices Workbook – 8 Vijaya Subramaniam, Voices, a multi-skill course in English, is an integrated and innovative approach to the teaching and learning of English language skills |
compound and complex sentences worksheet: Mosaic Workbook 6 Anuradha Murthi, Mosaic, a complete multi-skill package, is based on the ICSE pattern. Through its child-centred, interactive approach, it brings out the best of both modern and traditional ELT practices. |
compound and complex sentences worksheet: A Dynamic Approach to Second Language Development Marjolijn Verspoor, Kees de Bot, Wander Lowie, 2011-02-28 Dynamic systems theory, a general theory of change and development, offers a new way to study first and second language development and requires a new set of tools for analysis of empirical data. After a brief introduction to the theory, this book, co-authored by several leading scholars in the field, concentrates on tools and techniques recently developed to analyze language data from a dynamic perspective. The chapters deal with the general thoughts and reasoning behind coding data, analyzing variability, discovering interacting variables and modeling. The accompanying How to sections give step-by-step instructions to using macros to speed up the coding, creating a dedicated lexical profile, making min-max graphs, testing for significance in single case studies by running simulations, and modeling. Example files and data sets are available on the accompanying website (http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lllt.29.website). Although the focus is on second language development, the tools are applicable to a wide range of phenomena in applied linguistics. |
compound and complex sentences worksheet: Remembering the Kanji 2 James W. Heisig, 2012-04-30 Following the first volume of Remembering the Kanji, the present work provides students with helpful tools for learning the pronunciation of the kanji. Behind the notorious inconsistencies in the way the Japanese language has come to pronounce the characters it received from China lie several coherent patterns. Identifying these patterns and arranging them in logical order can reduce dramatically the amount of time spent in the brute memorization of sounds unrelated to written forms. Many of the “primitive elements,” or building blocks, used in the drawing of the characters also serve to indicate the “Chinese reading” that particular kanji use, chiefly in compound terms. By learning one of the kanji that uses such a “signal primitive,” one can learn the entire group at the same time. In this way, Remembering the Kanji 2 lays out the varieties of phonetic pattern and offers helpful hints for learning readings, that might otherwise appear completely random, in an efficient and rational way. Individual frames cross-reference the kanji to alternate readings and to the frame in volume 1 in which the meaning and writing of the kanji was first introduced. A parallel system of pronouncing the kanji, their “Japanese readings,” uses native Japanese words assigned to particular Chinese characters. Although these are more easily learned because of the association of the meaning to a single word, the author creates a kind of phonetic alphabet of single syllable words, each connected to a simple Japanese word, and shows how they can be combined to help memorize particularly troublesome vocabulary. The 4th edition has been updated to include the 196 new kanji approved by the government in 2010 as “general-use” kanji. |
compound and complex sentences worksheet: The College Panda's SAT Math Nielson Phu, 2015-01-06 For more sample chapters and information, check out http: //thecollegepanda.com/the-advanced-guide-to-sat-math/ This book brings together everything you need to know to score high on the math section, from the simplest to the most obscure concepts. Unlike most other test prep books, this one is truly geared towards the student aiming for the perfect score. It leaves no stones unturned. Inside, You'll Find: Clear explanations of the tested math concepts, from the simplest to the most obscure Hundreds of examples to illustrate all the question types and the different ways they can show up Over 500 practice questions and explanations to help you master each topic The most common mistakes students make (so you don't) A chapter completely devoted to tricky question students tend to miss A question difficulty distribution chart that tells you which questions are easy, medium, and hard A list of relevant questions from The Official SAT Study Guide at the end of each chapter A cheat sheet of strategies for all the common question patterns A chart that tells you how many questions you need to answer for your target score |
compound and complex sentences worksheet: Fossilization in Adult Second Language Acquisition Zhaohong Han, 2004 This book is a systematic attempt to address the issue of fossilization in relation to a fundamental question in second language acquisition research, which is: why are learners, adults in particular, unable to develop the level of competence they have aspired to in spite of continuous and sustained exposure to the target language, adequate motivation to learn, and sufficient opportunity to practice? |
compound and complex sentences worksheet: Ready-To-Use Writing Proficiency Lessons and Activities Carol H. Behrman, 2003-12-29 An experienced teacher and author, Carol Behrman helps students develop the sound foundation they need to become proficient writers throughout their lives. Included are a variety of easy-to-use reproducible activity sheets to provide review and application of basic language skills as well as extensive practice in producing the types of writing called for in standardized tests. The steps of the writing process are emphasized throughout. Each set of activities is accompanied by detailed lesson plans and suggestions to the teacher for presenting and implementing the skills and concepts being addressed. Each section is followed by a practice test focusing on the concepts and skills covered in the section, plus answer keys and scoring guides with writing samples. These practical tests will help students prepare for the types of questions they will be asked on actual tests. |
compound and complex sentences worksheet: Writing Exciting Sentences Alan Peat, 2008 Writing Exciting Sentences: Age 7 Plus will help pupils to write more varied sentences which engage and captivate the reader. |
compound and complex sentences worksheet: Collins Cambridge Lower Secondary English – Lower Secondary English Teacher's Guide: Stage 9 Julia Burchell, Mike Gould, Steve Eddy, Naomi Hursthouse, Ian Kirby, Emma Page, Tom Spindler, 2021-06-07 The Collins Cambridge Lower Secondary English series offers a skills-building approach to the Cambridge Lower Secondary English curriculum framework (0861) from 2020. The Stage 9 Teacher’s Guide provides comprehensive, practical support with lesson plans, worksheets and PowerPoints for every unit of the Student’s Book. |
compound and complex sentences worksheet: Higher Education Accessibility Behind and Beyond Prison Walls McMay, Dani V., Kimble, Rebekah D., 2020-04-17 Numerous studies indicate that completing a college degree reduces an individual’s likelihood of recidivating. However, there is little research available to inform best practices for running college programs inside jails or prisons or supporting returning citizens who want to complete a college degree. Higher Education Accessibility Behind and Beyond Prison Walls examines program development and pedagogical techniques in the area of higher education for students who are currently incarcerated or completing a degree post-incarceration. Drawing on the experiences of program administrators and professors from across the country, it offers best practices for (1) developing, running, and teaching in college programs offered inside jails and prisons and (2) providing adequate support to returning citizens who wish to complete a college degree. This book is intended to be a resource for college administrators, staff, and professors running or teaching in programs inside jails or prisons or supporting returning citizens on traditional college campuses. |
compound and complex sentences worksheet: The Essentials of English Ann Hogue, 2003 Each part focuses on a single topic, building from sentence structure and mechanics to writing, revising, and proper formatting. Students also learn how to write a research paper in the MLA and APA styles. Practice exercises provide immediate application, and Special Tips throughout indicate common errors, explain confusing points, and offer helpful hints. The Essentials of English includes eight parts, an answer key, and an index. |
compound and complex sentences worksheet: On Demand Writing Lynette Williamson, 2009 Pour an amber pool of pure sorghum syrup onto a clean plate. Make your pool about three inches in diameter, the size of a homemade chocolate chip cookie or a slice of summer tomato. In the middle of the sorghum pool, put a chunk of pure, sweet butter that is not too soft and not too hard. With a fork, press the butter into the sorghum. Scoop up the edge of the syrup with a fork and drizzle the syrup on top of the butter. Scoop-mix-scoop-mix until you form a happy thick gold union of sorghum and butter. Take a bite, and join past, present, and future, fine taste and excellent nutrition, in one sweet mouthful. Sorghum is that rare food that is good, good for us, good for small farms and farm families, good for communities, and good for the earth. Until now, pure sorghum syrup has been a secret known only in a few midwestern and southern states. This book lets readers in on such secrets as sorghum's newly discovered super anti-oxidant power, along with the all-important sources of the very best syrup. For readers new to sorghum, this book offers tasty bits of information about this caramel syrup's origins, cultivation, nutrition, and uses. Longtime sorghum fans will find fresh tidbits to savor. Eight great recipes promise new taste adventures in the kitchen. In Sorghum Nation, we treasure the traditions of sorghum, the pressing and cooking outdoors that attract an eager crowd, the smell of the cane juice cooking down on blue autumn days, the taste of the green foam licked off the end of a peeled piece of cane. Indoors, we celebrate the happy moment after a good meal when butter and sorghum begin their swirling dance and prepare to glorify a biscuit. Even so, sorghum's past and present pale compared to its future. Eco-friendly, cash-producing sorghum cane, which growers around the world use for food, fiber, and fuel, can support our farms and small communities. Those of us who love the small farms and farmers of Sorghum Nation have the future in our sticky hands. The more we buy and use this intriguing, flexible food, the more sparkling and prosperous our beloved communities will be. |
Compound
Compound is an algorithmic, autonomous interest rate protocol built for developers, to unlock a universe of open financial applications.
Compound III Documentation
The security of the Compound protocol is our highest priority; our development team, alongside third-party auditors and consultants, has invested considerable effort to create a protocol that …
Compound | Markets
Real-time market data across all markets in the Compound protocol. You need to enable JavaScript to run this app. Compound is a web application. This app requires JavaScript to run.
Compound v2 Documentation
Compound is an algorithmic, autonomous interest rate protocol built for developers, to unlock a universe of open financial applications.
Compound | Docs - Getting Started
Compound is an algorithmic, autonomous interest rate protocol built for developers, to unlock a universe of open financial applications.
Compound III Docs | Interest Rates
Compound is an algorithmic, autonomous interest rate protocol built for developers, to unlock a universe of open financial applications.
Compound | Developers
Compound is an algorithmic, autonomous interest rate protocol built for developers, to unlock a universe of open financial applications.
Compound: The Money Market Protocol
Compound money markets are defined by a pair of prevailing interest rates (the supply and the borrowing rate), applied to all users uniformly, which adjust over time as the relationship …
Compound
Compound is an algorithmic, autonomous interest rate protocol built for developers, to unlock a universe of open financial applications.
6/14/2019 Compound Whitepaper - Google Docs
2 The Compound Protocol Compound is a protocol on the Ethereum blockchain that establishes money markets, which are pools of assets with algorithmically derived interest rates, based on …
Compound
Compound is an algorithmic, autonomous interest rate protocol built for developers, to unlock a universe of open financial applications.
Compound III Documentation
The security of the Compound protocol is our highest priority; our development team, alongside third-party auditors and consultants, has invested considerable effort to create a protocol that …
Compound | Markets
Real-time market data across all markets in the Compound protocol. You need to enable JavaScript to run this app. Compound is a web application. This app requires JavaScript to run.
Compound v2 Documentation
Compound is an algorithmic, autonomous interest rate protocol built for developers, to unlock a universe of open financial applications.
Compound | Docs - Getting Started
Compound is an algorithmic, autonomous interest rate protocol built for developers, to unlock a universe of open financial applications.
Compound III Docs | Interest Rates
Compound is an algorithmic, autonomous interest rate protocol built for developers, to unlock a universe of open financial applications.
Compound | Developers
Compound is an algorithmic, autonomous interest rate protocol built for developers, to unlock a universe of open financial applications.
Compound: The Money Market Protocol
Compound money markets are defined by a pair of prevailing interest rates (the supply and the borrowing rate), applied to all users uniformly, which adjust over time as the relationship …
Compound
Compound is an algorithmic, autonomous interest rate protocol built for developers, to unlock a universe of open financial applications.
6/14/2019 Compound Whitepaper - Google Docs
2 The Compound Protocol Compound is a protocol on the Ethereum blockchain that establishes money markets, which are pools of assets with algorithmically derived interest rates, based on …