| business proficient vs fluent: The Way of the Linguist Steve Kaufmann, 2005-11 The Way of The Linguist, A language learning odyssey. It is now a cliché that the world is a smaller place. We think nothing of jumping on a plane to travel to another country or continent. The most exotic locations are now destinations for mass tourism. Small business people are dealing across frontiers and language barriers like never before. The Internet brings different languages and cultures to our finger-tips. English, the hybrid language of an island at the western extremity of Europe seems to have an unrivalled position as an international medium of communication. But historically periods of cultural and economic domination have never lasted forever. Do we not lose something by relying on the wide spread use of English rather than discovering other languages and cultures? As citizens of this shrunken world, would we not be better off if we were able to speak a few languages other than our own? The answer is obviously yes. Certainly Steve Kaufmann thinks so, and in his busy life as a diplomat and businessman he managed to learn to speak nine languages fluently and observe first hand some of the dominant cultures of Europe and Asia. Why do not more people do the same? In his book The Way of The Linguist, A language learning odyssey, Steve offers some answers. Steve feels anyone can learn a language if they want to. He points out some of the obstacles that hold people back. Drawing on his adventures in Europe and Asia, as a student and businessman, he describes the rewards that come from knowing languages. He relates his evolution as a language learner, abroad and back in his native Canada and explains the kind of attitude that will enable others to achieve second language fluency. Many people have taken on the challenge of language learning but have been frustrated by their lack of success. This book offers detailed advice on the kind of study practices that will achieve language breakthroughs. Steve has developed a language learning system available online at: www.thelinguist.com. |
| business proficient vs fluent: Ultralearning Scott H. Young, 2019-08-06 Now a Wall Street Journal bestseller. Learn a new talent, stay relevant, reinvent yourself, and adapt to whatever the workplace throws your way. Ultralearning offers nine principles to master hard skills quickly. This is the essential guide to future-proof your career and maximize your competitive advantage through self-education. In these tumultuous times of economic and technological change, staying ahead depends on continual self-education—a lifelong mastery of fresh ideas, subjects, and skills. If you want to accomplish more and stand apart from everyone else, you need to become an ultralearner. The challenge of learning new skills is that you think you already know how best to learn, as you did as a student, so you rerun old routines and old ways of solving problems. To counter that, Ultralearning offers powerful strategies to break you out of those mental ruts and introduces new training methods to help you push through to higher levels of retention. Scott H. Young incorporates the latest research about the most effective learning methods and the stories of other ultralearners like himself—among them Benjamin Franklin, chess grandmaster Judit Polgár, and Nobel laureate physicist Richard Feynman, as well as a host of others, such as little-known modern polymath Nigel Richards, who won the French World Scrabble Championship—without knowing French. Young documents the methods he and others have used to acquire knowledge and shows that, far from being an obscure skill limited to aggressive autodidacts, ultralearning is a powerful tool anyone can use to improve their career, studies, and life. Ultralearning explores this fascinating subculture, shares a proven framework for a successful ultralearning project, and offers insights into how you can organize and exe - cute a plan to learn anything deeply and quickly, without teachers or budget-busting tuition costs. Whether the goal is to be fluent in a language (or ten languages), earn the equivalent of a college degree in a fraction of the time, or master multiple tools to build a product or business from the ground up, the principles in Ultralearning will guide you to success. |
| business proficient vs fluent: Handbook of Second Language Assessment Dina Tsagari, Jayanti Banerjee, 2016-03-07 Second language assessment is ubiquitous. It has found its way from education into questions about access to professions and migration. This volume focuses on the main debates and research advances in second language assessment in the last fifty years or so, showing the influence of linguistics, politics, philosophy, psychology, sociology, and psychometrics. There are four parts which, when taken together, address the principles and practices of second language assessment while considering its impact on society. Read separately, each part addresses a different aspect of the field. Part I deals with the conceptual foundations of second language assessment with chapters on the purposes of assessment, and standards and frameworks, as well as matters of scoring, quality assurance, and test validation. Part II addresses the theory and practice of assessing different second language skills including aspects like intercultural competence and fluency. Part III examines the challenges and opportunities of second language assessment in a range of contexts. In addition to chapters on second language assessment on a national scale, there are chapters on learning-oriented assessment, as well as the uses of second language assessment in the workplace and for migration. Part IV examines a selection of important issues in the field that deserve attention. These include the alignment of language examinations to external frameworks, the increasing use of technology to both deliver and score second language tests, the responsibilities associated with assessing test takers with special needs, the concept of 'voice' in second language assessment, and assessment literacy for teachers and other test and score users. |
| business proficient vs fluent: Fluent Forever Gabriel Wyner, 2014-08-05 NATIONAL BESTSELLER • For anyone who wants to learn a foreign language, this is the method that will finally make the words stick. “A brilliant and thoroughly modern guide to learning new languages.”—Gary Marcus, cognitive psychologist and author of the New York Times bestseller Guitar Zero At thirty years old, Gabriel Wyner speaks six languages fluently. He didn’t learn them in school—who does? Rather, he learned them in the past few years, working on his own and practicing on the subway, using simple techniques and free online resources—and here he wants to show others what he’s discovered. Starting with pronunciation, you’ll learn how to rewire your ears and turn foreign sounds into familiar sounds. You’ll retrain your tongue to produce those sounds accurately, using tricks from opera singers and actors. Next, you’ll begin to tackle words, and connect sounds and spellings to imagery rather than translations, which will enable you to think in a foreign language. And with the help of sophisticated spaced-repetition techniques, you’ll be able to memorize hundreds of words a month in minutes every day. This is brain hacking at its most exciting, taking what we know about neuroscience and linguistics and using it to create the most efficient and enjoyable way to learn a foreign language in the spare minutes of your day. |
| business proficient vs fluent: Language Dominance in Bilinguals Jeanine Treffers-Daller, Carmen Silva-Corvalán, 2016 With contributions from an international team of leading experts, this volume offers new ways to explore and measure language dominance. |
| business proficient vs fluent: Reading Fluency Timothy Rasinski, William Rupley, David Paige, Chase Young, 2021-01-21 Reading fluency has been identified as a key component of proficient reading. Research has consistently demonstrated significant and substantial correlations between reading fluency and overall reading achievement. Despite the great potential for fluency to have a significant outcome on students’ reading achievement, it continues to be not well understood by teachers, school administrators and policy makers. The chapters in this volume examine reading fluency from a variety of perspectives. The initial chapter sketches the history of fluency as a literacy instruction component. Following chapters examine recent studies and approaches to reading fluency, followed by chapters that explore actual fluency instruction models and the impact of fluency instruction. Assessment of reading fluency is critical for monitoring progress and identifying students in need of intervention. Two articles on assessment, one focused on word recognition and the other on prosody, expand our understanding of fluency measurement. Finally, a study from Turkey explores the relationship of various reading competencies, including fluency, in an integrated model of reading. Our hope for this volume is that it may spark a renewed interest in research into reading fluency and fluency instruction and move toward making fluency instruction an even more integral part of all literacy instruction. |
| business proficient vs fluent: English Phonetic Transcription Charles James Nice Bailey, 1985 A manual for investigators, teachers of English phonetics and theoreticians. The focus is on transcriptional procedures with an original emphasis on Southern British pronunciation, but since adapted this to the needs of a broader readership. |
| business proficient vs fluent: The History of English Spelling Christopher Upward, George Davidson, 2011-09-15 The History of English Spelling “Fifty years ago, G. H. Vallins contributed a book on spelling to the Language Library. Since then, there have been several major surveys, and new opportunities to explore the history of English words. The time is therefore ripe for a fresh presentation, and this is what George Davidson has done, building on the huge collection of historical data amassed by Christopher Upward, and giving it narrative shape. I have been waiting for a source-book like this for a long time, and I’m delighted that it has found a place in this series.” David Crystal, Language Library series editor Few languages are riddled with as many spelling inconsistencies and irregularities as English. Why is there such dissonance between the sounds of English and the spelling used to represent them? The answer lies in the history of the language itself. The History of English Spelling reveals the rich and complex history of Modern English spelling, tracing its origins and development from Old English up to the present day. The book provides a highly detailed, letter-by-letter analysis of the Old English basis of Modern English spelling, followed by in-depth coverage of the contributions from French, Latin, Greek and the many other languages that have contributed to current orthography. Upward and Davidson also explore events in the socio-political history of England as the setting for developments in spelling, along with the works of a number of lexicographers (especially Johnson and Webster), and various proposals for spelling reform. The History of English Spelling reveals the richness of the complex and often frustrating alphabetic spelling system used in the English language. A complementary website with additional research material can be found at www.historyofenglishspelling.info |
| business proficient vs fluent: Babel No More Michael Erard, 2012-01-10 A “fascinating” (The Economist) dive into the world of linguistics that is “part travelogue, part science lesson, part intellectual investigation…an entertaining, informative survey of some of the most fascinating polyglots of our time” (The New York Times Book Review). In Babel No More, Michael Erard, “a monolingual with benefits,” sets out on a quest to meet language superlearners and make sense of their mental powers. On the way he uncovers the secrets of historical figures like the nineteenth-century Italian cardinal Joseph Mezzofanti, who was said to speak seventy-two languages, as well as those of living language-superlearners such as Alexander Arguelles, a modern-day polyglot who knows dozens of languages and shows Erard the tricks of the trade to give him a dark glimpse into the life of obsessive language acquisition. With his ambitious examination of what language is, where it lives in the brain, and the cultural implications of polyglots’ pursuits, Erard explores the upper limits of our ability to learn and use languages and illuminates the intellectual potential in everyone. How do some people escape the curse of Babel—and what might the gods have demanded of them in return? |
| business proficient vs fluent: Speaking With Skill Dudley Knight, 2013-11-18 Actors and other professional voice users need to speak clearly and expressively in order to communicate the ideas and emotions of their characters – and themselves. Whatever the native accent of the speaker, this easy communication to the listener must always happen in every moment, onstage, in film or on television; in real life too. This book, an introduction to Knight-Thompson Speechwork, gives speakers the ownership of a vast variety of speech skills and the ability to explore unlimited varieties of speech actions – without imposing a single, unvarying pattern of good speech. The skills gained through this book enable actors to find the unique way in which a dramatic character embodies the language of the play. They also help any speaker to communicate to a listener with total intelligibility without compromising the speaker's own accent; and to vary speech actions to meet different language needs. Supporting audio provides 116 tracks illustrating the exercises described in the book. |
| business proficient vs fluent: The U.S. Foreign Language Deficit Kathleen Stein-Smith, 2016-08-24 This volume explores why Americans are among the least likely in the world to speak another language and how this U.S. foreign language deficit negatively impacts national and economic security, business and career prospects. Stein-Smith exposes how individuals are disadvantaged through their inability to effectively navigate the global workplace and multicultural communities, how their career options are limited by the foreign language deficit, and even how their ability to enjoy travel abroad and cultural pursuits is diminished. Through exploring the impact of the U.S. foreign language deficit, the author speaks to the stakeholders and partners in the campaign for foreign languages, offering guidance on what can and should be done to address it. She examines the next steps needed to develop specific career pathways that will meet the current and future needs of government, business, and industry, and empower foreign language learners through curriculum and career preparation. |
| business proficient vs fluent: Cognitive Bases of Second Language Fluency Norman Segalowitz, 2010-08-09 Winner of the 2011 Kenneth W. Mildenberger Prize Exploring fluency from multiple vantage points that together constitute a cognitive science perspective, this book examines research in second language acquisition and bilingualism that points to promising avenues for understanding and promoting second language fluency. Cognitive Bases of Second Language Fluency covers essential topics such as units of analysis for measuring fluency, the relation of second language fluency to general cognitive fluidity, social and motivational contributors to fluency, and neural correlates of fluency. The author provides clear and accessible summaries of foundational empirical work on speech production, automaticity, lexical access, and other issues of relevance to second language acquisition theory. Cognitive Bases of Second Language Fluency is a valuable reference for scholars in SLA, cognitive psychology, and language teaching, and it can also serve as an ideal textbook for advanced courses in these fields. |
| business proficient vs fluent: Polyglot: How I Learn Languages Kat— Lomb, 2008-01-01 KAT LOMB (1909-2003) was one of the great polyglots of the 20th century. A translator and one of the first simultaneous interpreters in the world, Lomb worked in 16 languages for state and business concerns in her native Hungary. She achieved further fame by writing books on languages, interpreting, and polyglots. Polyglot: How I Learn Languages, first published in 1970, is a collection of anecdotes and reflections on language learning. Because Dr. Lomb learned her languages as an adult, after getting a PhD in chemistry, the methods she used will be of particular interest to adult learners who want to master a foreign language. |
| business proficient vs fluent: New French With Ease Anthony Bulger, 1998-06-01 Méthode d'apprentissage du français pour anglophones. |
| business proficient vs fluent: How to Learn a Foreign Language Paul Pimsleur, 2013-10 In this entertaining and groundbreaking book, Dr. Paul Pimsleur, creator of the renowned Pimsleur Method, the world leader in audio-based language learning, shows how anyone can learn to speak a foreign language. If learning a language in high school left you bruised, with a sense that there was no way you can learn another language, How to Learn a Foreign Language will restore your sense of hope. In simple, straightforward terms, Dr. Pimsleur will help you learn grammar (seamlessly), vocabulary, and how to practice pronunciation (and come out sounding like a native). The key is the simplicity and directness of Pimsleur’s approach to a daunting subject, breaking it down piece by piece, demystifying the process along the way. Dr. Pimsleur draws on his own language learning trials and tribulations offering practical advice for overcoming the obstacles so many of us face. Originally published in 1980, How to Learn a Foreign Language is now available on the 50th anniversary of Dr. Pimsleur’s publication of the first of his first audio courses that embodied the concepts and methods found here. It's a fascinating glimpse into the inner workings of the mind of this amazing pioneer of language learning. |
| business proficient vs fluent: Hispanic Marketing & Public Relations Elena del Valle, 2005 |
| business proficient vs fluent: Becoming Fluent Richard Roberts, Roger Kreuz, 2017-02-03 Forget everything you’ve heard about adult language learning: evidence from cognitive science and psychology prove we can learn foreign languages just as easily as children. An eye-opening study on how adult learners can master a foreign lanugage by drawing on skills and knowledge honed over a lifetime. Adults who want to learn a foreign language are often discouraged because they believe they cannot acquire a language as easily as children. Once they begin to learn a language, adults may be further discouraged when they find the methods used to teach children don't seem to work for them. What is an adult language learner to do? In this book, Richard Roberts and Roger Kreuz draw on insights from psychology and cognitive science to show that adults can master a foreign language if they bring to bear the skills and knowledge they have honed over a lifetime. Adults shouldn't try to learn as children do; they should learn like adults. Roberts and Kreuz report evidence that adults can learn new languages even more easily than children. Children appear to have only two advantages over adults in learning a language: they acquire a native accent more easily, and they do not suffer from self-defeating anxiety about learning a language. Adults, on the other hand, have the greater advantages—gained from experience—of an understanding of their own mental processes and knowing how to use language to do things. Adults have an especially advantageous grasp of pragmatics, the social use of language, and Roberts and Kreuz show how to leverage this metalinguistic ability in learning a new language. Learning a language takes effort. But if adult learners apply the tools acquired over a lifetime, it can be enjoyable and rewarding. |
| business proficient vs fluent: Emotions and Multilingualism Aneta Pavlenko, 2005 Pavlenko challenges the monolingual bias of modern linguistics and psychology by bringing together insights from many different fields. |
| business proficient vs fluent: Language in International Business Rebecca Piekkari, Denice Welch, Lawrence S. Welch, 2014-11-28 Responding to the growing interest in the role of language in international business, this book presents language as a critical management challenge for the internationalizing firm. Several perspectives are explored, including the individual, the firm |
| business proficient vs fluent: The Loom of Language Frederick Bodmer, 1985 Here is an informative introduction to language: its origins in the past, its growth through history, and its present use for communication between peoples. It is at the same time a history of language, a guide to foreign tongues, and a method for learning them. It shows, through basic vocabularies, family resemblances of languages -- Teutonic, Romance, Greek -- helpful tricks of translation, key combinations of roots and phonetic patterns. It presents by common-sense methods the most helpful approach to the mastery of many languages; it condenses vocabulary to a minimum of essential words; it simplifies grammar in an entirely new way; and it teaches a language as it is actually used in everyday life. |
| business proficient vs fluent: English as a Global Language David Crystal, 2012-03-29 Written in a detailed and fascinating manner, this book is ideal for general readers interested in the English language. |
| business proficient vs fluent: Remembering the Hiragana James W. Heisig, 1987 |
| business proficient vs fluent: Remembering the Kanji 2 James W. Heisig, 2012-04-30 Following the first volume of Remembering the Kanji, the present work provides students with helpful tools for learning the pronunciation of the kanji. Behind the notorious inconsistencies in the way the Japanese language has come to pronounce the characters it received from China lie several coherent patterns. Identifying these patterns and arranging them in logical order can reduce dramatically the amount of time spent in the brute memorization of sounds unrelated to written forms. Many of the “primitive elements,” or building blocks, used in the drawing of the characters also serve to indicate the “Chinese reading” that particular kanji use, chiefly in compound terms. By learning one of the kanji that uses such a “signal primitive,” one can learn the entire group at the same time. In this way, Remembering the Kanji 2 lays out the varieties of phonetic pattern and offers helpful hints for learning readings, that might otherwise appear completely random, in an efficient and rational way. Individual frames cross-reference the kanji to alternate readings and to the frame in volume 1 in which the meaning and writing of the kanji was first introduced. A parallel system of pronouncing the kanji, their “Japanese readings,” uses native Japanese words assigned to particular Chinese characters. Although these are more easily learned because of the association of the meaning to a single word, the author creates a kind of phonetic alphabet of single syllable words, each connected to a simple Japanese word, and shows how they can be combined to help memorize particularly troublesome vocabulary. The 4th edition has been updated to include the 196 new kanji approved by the government in 2010 as “general-use” kanji. |
| business proficient vs fluent: Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English Adam Gadsby, 2001 A full picture of English as used in 2001, this comprehensive guide to written and spoken English has been updated with a new words section and colour headwords. |
| business proficient vs fluent: Fluent Python Luciano Ramalho, 2015-07-30 Python’s simplicity lets you become productive quickly, but this often means you aren’t using everything it has to offer. With this hands-on guide, you’ll learn how to write effective, idiomatic Python code by leveraging its best—and possibly most neglected—features. Author Luciano Ramalho takes you through Python’s core language features and libraries, and shows you how to make your code shorter, faster, and more readable at the same time. Many experienced programmers try to bend Python to fit patterns they learned from other languages, and never discover Python features outside of their experience. With this book, those Python programmers will thoroughly learn how to become proficient in Python 3. This book covers: Python data model: understand how special methods are the key to the consistent behavior of objects Data structures: take full advantage of built-in types, and understand the text vs bytes duality in the Unicode age Functions as objects: view Python functions as first-class objects, and understand how this affects popular design patterns Object-oriented idioms: build classes by learning about references, mutability, interfaces, operator overloading, and multiple inheritance Control flow: leverage context managers, generators, coroutines, and concurrency with the concurrent.futures and asyncio packages Metaprogramming: understand how properties, attribute descriptors, class decorators, and metaclasses work |
| business proficient vs fluent: Learning SQL Alan Beaulieu, 2009-04-11 Updated for the latest database management systems -- including MySQL 6.0, Oracle 11g, and Microsoft's SQL Server 2008 -- this introductory guide will get you up and running with SQL quickly. Whether you need to write database applications, perform administrative tasks, or generate reports, Learning SQL, Second Edition, will help you easily master all the SQL fundamentals. Each chapter presents a self-contained lesson on a key SQL concept or technique, with numerous illustrations and annotated examples. Exercises at the end of each chapter let you practice the skills you learn. With this book, you will: Move quickly through SQL basics and learn several advanced features Use SQL data statements to generate, manipulate, and retrieve data Create database objects, such as tables, indexes, and constraints, using SQL schema statements Learn how data sets interact with queries, and understand the importance of subqueries Convert and manipulate data with SQL's built-in functions, and use conditional logic in data statements Knowledge of SQL is a must for interacting with data. With Learning SQL, you'll quickly learn how to put the power and flexibility of this language to work. |
| business proficient vs fluent: The Development of a Common Framework Scale of Language Proficiency Brian North, 2000 Scales describing language proficiency in a series of levels can provide orientation for educational programmes, criteria for assessment, and reporting to stakeholders. However, in most cases such instruments are produced just by expert opinion. A scale of language proficiency actually implies a descriptive scheme related to theory but usable by practitioners. It also implies a methodology for scaling content to different levels. This book describes the use of both qualitative and quantitative techniques to develop scales for the «Common Reference Levels» in the Common European Framework of Reference for modern languages. Short stand-alone descriptors were (i) developed and classified, (ii) refined and elaborated in workshops, and then (iii) scaled by analyzing the judgments of one hundred teachers on the English language proficiency of the learners in their classes. |
| business proficient vs fluent: Spanish For Dummies Susana Wald, Cecie Kraynak, 2011-01-06 Learn Latin American Spanish quickly and painlessly The job market for those who are bilingual is expanding rapidly. Businesses and government agencies are hiring translators; retailers and advertisers are concentrating more energy in targeting the Spanish-speaking ; and hospitals and agencies are seeking to overcome language barriers. Whether you’re a student studying Spanish, a traveler gearing up for a trip to a Spanish-speaking country and need to learn the basics, or a upwardly mobile looking to get ahead of the pack in your career by learning a second language, Spanish For Dummies, 2nd edition is your hands-on guide to quickly and painlessly learn Latin American Spanish that includes: Expanded coverage of grammar, verb conjugations, and pronunciations A refreshed and expanded mini-dictionary complete with even more essential vocabulary, exercises, and more A revamped and expanded bonus CD-ROM that includes real-life dialogue to aid in your learning Whether you’re looking to learn Spanish for use in the home, class, at the office, or on the go, Spanish For Dummies, 2nd edition has you covered! |
| business proficient vs fluent: Women, Business and the Law The World Bank, 2013-11-07 Women perform 66% of the world's work, produce 50% of the food, but earn 10% of the income and own 1% of the property. To shed light on why this grim statistic still holds true, Women, Business and the Law aims to examine legal differentiations on the basis of gender in 143 of the world's economies. Women, Business and the Law tracks governments' actions to expand economic opportunities for women across six key areas: accessing institutions, using property, getting a job, providing incentives to work, building credit and going to court. The report uncovers legal differentiations for women and married versus unmarried women such as being able to register a business, open a bank account and work at night. These issues are of fundamental importance. When, because of tradition, social taboos or simple prejudice, half of the world's population is prevented from making its contribution to the life of a nation, the economy will suffer. The empirical evidence does suggest that, slowly but surely, governments are making progress in expanding opportunities for women. It is our hope that data presented in Women, Business and the Law will both facilitate research on linkages between legal differentiation and outcomes for women, and promote better informed policy choices on what governments can do to expand opportunities for women. |
| business proficient vs fluent: Measuring L2 Proficiency Pascale Leclercq, Amanda Edmonds, Heather Hilton, 2014-07-01 The creation of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) has given rise to interest and debate among policy makers, testers, teachers and researchers alike in the reliability and feasibility of the assessment of second language (L2) proficiency. This volume brings together concrete ideas on identifying and measuring L2 proficiency from different branches of SLA research (psycholinguistic, sociolinguistic, corpus-based, applied linguistics) to contribute to a deeper understanding of what it means to be proficient in an L2. The chapters introduce a wide range of tools that are innovative, reliable, and easy-to-use for the evaluation of learners’ language level with respect to both productive and receptive skills and provide a variety of answers to the question of how to assess L2 proficiency in a valid, reliable and practical manner. The collection will therefore inspire language teachers, teacher trainers and language testing specialists and help them adapt their assessment practices when necessary, and will also be a valuable resource for postgraduate students and researchers. |
| business proficient vs fluent: The Language of Global Success Tsedal Neeley, 2019-11-19 A fascinating examination of how an English-language mandate at a Japanese firm, Rakuten, unfolded over time and how employees reacted to it--Back of jacket. |
| business proficient vs fluent: A Basic English Grammar John Eastwood, 1990 |
| business proficient vs fluent: Handbook of Heritage, Community, and Native American Languages in the United States Terrence G. Wiley, Joy Kreeft Peyton, Donna Christian, Sarah Catherine K. Moore, Na Liu, 2014-01-03 Co-published by the Center for Applied Linguistics Timely and comprehensive, this state-of-the-art overview of major issues related to heritage, community, and Native American languages in the United States, based on the work of noted authorities, draws from a variety of perspectives—the speakers; use of the languages in the home, community, and wider society; patterns of acquisition, retention, loss, and revitalization of the languages; and specific education efforts devoted to developing stronger connections with and proficiency in them. Contributions on language use, programs and instruction, and policy focus on issues that are applicable to many heritage language contexts. Offering a foundational perspective for serious students of heritage, community, and Native American languages as they are learned in the classroom, transmitted across generations in families, and used in communities, the volume provides background on the history and current status of many languages in the linguistic mosaic of U.S. society and stresses the importance of drawing on these languages as societal, community, and individual resources, while also noting their strategic importance within the context of globalization. |
| business proficient vs fluent: How I Learnt to Speak in English? Neetu Sugandh, 2016-10-27 A true story as well as techniques and notes of someone who was rejected in her first job because of not being able to communicate in English fluently. Learn how she was appointed as a communication trainer in the same organization after a few months. What did she do? And, how did she do it? This book has her experience, notes, and techniques she followed to learn the language effectively in just a few months. The book is recommended for anyone who is interested in learning English in an easy and independent manner or refreshing their English basics quickly. It is also recommended for those who train on spoken English and want to understand their learners in a better way. It will not only make you learn but also keep you motivated to learn till you complete the book. The author has put special emphasis on learning minimal definitions and focusing on the correct usage of English. The English video game table or the wish list table is one its key features. |
| business proficient vs fluent: Talk English Ken Xiao, 2016-09-19 You have studied English for years, yet you still don't speak English well. You've tried many methods and you still make grammar mistakes, you still can't speak English fluently, and you still can't pronounce English words correctly. You can read English, but you feel too nervous or too shy to speak English.The good news is, this is very normal.You have simply used ineffective methods to learn to speak English.Ken has been in your situation before, but now he can speak English like a native, and he accomplished that in six months. In this book, Ken is going to teach you how to completely get rid of your accent and develop an American or British accent to speak English just like a native speaker, and he'll teach you how to accomplish that in just six months.In this book, you'll: *learn to speak like a native in six months or less*learn to do that on a busy schedule*learn to speak English without translating it first*learn grammar without memorizing grammar rules*learn to build a vocabulary that lasts*learn to pronounce English words like native American or native British*learn to speak English fluently, correctly, naturally, effectively, effortlessly*and more... to speak English like a native speaker.You have studied English for years, yet you still can't speak English well. The reason is simply: The methods you used were ineffective.Change your approach now. Learn from the success who has walked in your shoes before and is getting the result you want. Effortlessly follow the step-by-step instructions in the book to achieve the highest level of fluency to help you speak English like a native speaker.Add to Cart |
| business proficient vs fluent: Wife or Worker? Nicola Piper, Mina Roces, 2004-09-01 This volume challenges the dominant discourse that perceives Asian women as either mail-order brides or overseas workers. Providing the first sustained critique of the artificial analytical division between brides and workers, the book demonstrates women's transition from brides to workers and from workers to brides. Focusing on how women workers use marriage as a strategy to gain citizenship and how migrants for marriage become workers, the authors present these modern Asian women in their multidimensional roles as wives, workers, mothers, and citizens. |
| business proficient vs fluent: The Megabook of Fluency Timothy V. Rasinski, Melissa Cheesman Smith, 2018-04-18 All the latest research on fluency plus dozens of practical lessons and ready-to-use fluency-priming tools, including partner poems, word ladders, and more! |
| business proficient vs fluent: Cracking the Coding Interview Gayle Laakmann McDowell, 2011 Now in the 5th edition, Cracking the Coding Interview gives you the interview preparation you need to get the top software developer jobs. This book provides: 150 Programming Interview Questions and Solutions: From binary trees to binary search, this list of 150 questions includes the most common and most useful questions in data structures, algorithms, and knowledge based questions. 5 Algorithm Approaches: Stop being blind-sided by tough algorithm questions, and learn these five approaches to tackle the trickiest problems. Behind the Scenes of the interview processes at Google, Amazon, Microsoft, Facebook, Yahoo, and Apple: Learn what really goes on during your interview day and how decisions get made. Ten Mistakes Candidates Make -- And How to Avoid Them: Don't lose your dream job by making these common mistakes. Learn what many candidates do wrong, and how to avoid these issues. Steps to Prepare for Behavioral and Technical Questions: Stop meandering through an endless set of questions, while missing some of the most important preparation techniques. Follow these steps to more thoroughly prepare in less time. |
| business proficient vs fluent: Appropriate English Teaching for Latin America Paul Davies, 2021-03-25 All Latin American countries have most major factors related to English Language Teaching (ELT) in common, but many are notably different from countries in Europe, Asia and Africa.This book is about ELT specifically in Latin America, past, present and future.Between August 2018 and July 2020, Paul Davies published, edited and wrote articles for the 24 monthly numbers of an open access online magazine, English Language Teaching in Latin America. This book contains most of his articles in that magazine and citation of articles by other contributors. |
| business proficient vs fluent: The Economics of Language Policy Michele Gazzola, Bengt-Arne Wickstrom, 2016-09-30 Insights from the application of economic theories and research methods to the management of linguistic diversity in an era of globalization. In an era of globalization, issues of language diversity have economic and political implications. Transnational labor mobility, trade, social inclusion of migrants, democracy in multilingual countries, and companies' international competitiveness all have a linguistic dimension; yet economists in general do not include language as a variable in their research. This volume demonstrates that the application of rigorous economic theories and research methods to issues of language policy yields valuable insights. The contributors offer both theoretical and empirical analyses of such topics as the impact of language diversity on economic outcomes, the distributive effects of policy regarding official languages, the individual welfare consequences of bilingualism, and the link between language and national identity. Their research is based on data from countries including Canada, India, Kazakhstan, and Indonesia and from the regions of Central America, Europe, and Sub-Saharan Africa. Theoretical models are explained intuitively for the nonspecialist. The relationships among linguistic variables, inequality, and the economy are approached from different perspectives, including economics, sociolinguistics, and political science. For this reason, the book offers a substantive contribution to interdisciplinary work on languages in society and language policy, proposing a common framework for a shared research area. Contributors Alisher Aldashev, Katalin Buzási, Ramon Caminal, Alexander M. Danzer, Maxime Leblanc Desgagné, Peter H. Egger, Ainhoa Aparicio Fenoll, Michele Gazzola, Victor Ginsburgh, Gilles Grenier, François Grin, Zoe Kuehn, Andrea Lassmann, Stephen May, Serge Nadeau, Suzanne Romaine, Selma K. Sonntag, Stefan Sperlich, José-Ramón Uriarte, François Vaillancourt, Shlomo Weber, Bengt-Arne Wickström, Lauren Zentz |
A Guide to English Tests and Proficiency Frameworks
ajor shifts in the approach to language assessment. For the purpose of understanding proficiency in light of standardized test qualifications, familiarization with two major language frameworks …
The UN Levels of Language Competence - A Reading Guide
understand the UN Levels, which build upon each other. Each UN Level is defined by one overall and. four specific descriptors that can be read as a whole. Readers may also want to read the …
Business Proficient Vs Fluent [PDF] - old.icapgen.org
a plan to learn anything deeply and quickly without teachers or budget busting tuition costs Whether the goal is to be fluent in a language or ten languages earn the equivalent of a …
Fluent Vs Business Proficient - khtoolsdev.kisanhub
Whether the goal is to be fluent in a language (or ten languages), earn the equivalent of a college degree in a fraction of the time, or master multiple tools to build a product or business from the …
English at Work: global analysis of language skills in the …
global, cross-industry overview of English language skills at work. The findings are based on data from 5,373 employers in 38 countries that completed the annual QS Global Employer Su. ased …
LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY DEFINITIONS - American River …
Able to read some personal and place names, street signs, office and shop designations, numbers and isolated words and phrases. Able to read simple prose, in a form equivalent to …
Proficiency Levels in Spoken and Written English and French
Ability to write isolated words, phrases, simple statements, or questions on very familiar topics to provide basic information. Ability to add words or short phrases to forms. Very limited …
Business Proficient Vs Fluent - tournaments.gamblingnews.com
Whether the goal is to be fluent in a language (or ten languages), earn the equivalent of a college degree in a fraction of the time, or master multiple tools to build a product or business from the …
The Impact of English Language Proficiency on Business
Acquiring a proficient command of English is essential for aspiring entrepreneurs. Using English for communication with clients makes business operations more efficient. Understanding …
Business Proficient Vs Fluent Full PDF - old.icapgen.org
a plan to learn anything deeply and quickly without teachers or budget busting tuition costs Whether the goal is to be fluent in a language or ten languages earn the equivalent of a …
FAO LANGUAGE LEVELS AND DEFINITIONS
Can express ideas fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions. Can use language flexibly and effectively for social, academic and professional purposes. Can …
Proficient Vs Fluent Language - ftp.marmaranyc.com
a plan to learn anything deeply and quickly without teachers or budget busting tuition costs Whether the goal is to be fluent in a language or ten languages earn the equivalent of a …
Business Proficient Vs Fluent - tournaments.gamblingnews.com
Whether the goal is to be fluent in a language (or ten languages), earn the equivalent of a college degree in a fraction of the time, or master multiple tools to build a product or business from the …
Gen AI Fluency at Work: How Proficiency Drives Productivity ...
Nearly 3 in 5 (57%) of highly AI-fluent employees are very confident in their proficiency with gen AI, compared with just 10% of all others. Employees who engage with AI more frequently also …
Comparing scores to IELTS - Cambridge English
Each Cambridge English Qualification is focused on a specific CEFR level. For exams from A2 Key to C2 Proficiency, including Business, we also report achievement above and below target …
Business Proficient Vs Fluent - tournaments.gamblingnews.com
Whether the goal is to be fluent in a language (or ten languages), earn the equivalent of a college degree in a fraction of the time, or master multiple tools to build a product or business from the …
Moving forward to Communicative Proficiency: A Comparison …
Based on quantitative and qualitative methods, it makes a comparative analysis between three listening subtests: old CET-4, new CET-4 and IELTS. Research subjects are 121 students …
Gen AI Fluency at Work How Organizations Unlock the Full …
These gen AI-fluent employees can be visualized using the AI pyramid maturity model recently developed by Harvard Business Publishing Corporate Learning. The pyramid illustrates the …
Proficiency Levels for Leadership Competencies - U.S. Office of ...
BUSINESS ACUMEN: This core qualification involves the ability to manage human, financial, and information resources strategically. Financial Management - Understands the organization's …
A Guide to English Tests and Proficiency Frameworks
ajor shifts in the approach to language assessment. For the purpose of understanding proficiency in light of standardized test qualifications, familiarization with two major language frameworks …
The UN Levels of Language Competence - A Reading Guide
understand the UN Levels, which build upon each other. Each UN Level is defined by one overall and. four specific descriptors that can be read as a whole. Readers may also want to read the …
Business Proficient Vs Fluent [PDF] - old.icapgen.org
a plan to learn anything deeply and quickly without teachers or budget busting tuition costs Whether the goal is to be fluent in a language or ten languages earn the equivalent of a …
Fluent Vs Business Proficient - khtoolsdev.kisanhub
Whether the goal is to be fluent in a language (or ten languages), earn the equivalent of a college degree in a fraction of the time, or master multiple tools to build a product or business from the …
English at Work: global analysis of language skills in the …
global, cross-industry overview of English language skills at work. The findings are based on data from 5,373 employers in 38 countries that completed the annual QS Global Employer Su. ased …
LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY DEFINITIONS - American River …
Able to read some personal and place names, street signs, office and shop designations, numbers and isolated words and phrases. Able to read simple prose, in a form equivalent to …
Proficiency Levels in Spoken and Written English and French
Ability to write isolated words, phrases, simple statements, or questions on very familiar topics to provide basic information. Ability to add words or short phrases to forms. Very limited …
Business Proficient Vs Fluent
Whether the goal is to be fluent in a language (or ten languages), earn the equivalent of a college degree in a fraction of the time, or master multiple tools to build a product or business from the …
The Impact of English Language Proficiency on Business
Acquiring a proficient command of English is essential for aspiring entrepreneurs. Using English for communication with clients makes business operations more efficient. Understanding …
Business Proficient Vs Fluent Full PDF - old.icapgen.org
a plan to learn anything deeply and quickly without teachers or budget busting tuition costs Whether the goal is to be fluent in a language or ten languages earn the equivalent of a …
FAO LANGUAGE LEVELS AND DEFINITIONS
Can express ideas fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions. Can use language flexibly and effectively for social, academic and professional purposes. Can …
Proficient Vs Fluent Language - ftp.marmaranyc.com
a plan to learn anything deeply and quickly without teachers or budget busting tuition costs Whether the goal is to be fluent in a language or ten languages earn the equivalent of a …
Business Proficient Vs Fluent
Whether the goal is to be fluent in a language (or ten languages), earn the equivalent of a college degree in a fraction of the time, or master multiple tools to build a product or business from the …
Gen AI Fluency at Work: How Proficiency Drives Productivity ...
Nearly 3 in 5 (57%) of highly AI-fluent employees are very confident in their proficiency with gen AI, compared with just 10% of all others. Employees who engage with AI more frequently also …
Comparing scores to IELTS - Cambridge English
Each Cambridge English Qualification is focused on a specific CEFR level. For exams from A2 Key to C2 Proficiency, including Business, we also report achievement above and below target …
Business Proficient Vs Fluent
Whether the goal is to be fluent in a language (or ten languages), earn the equivalent of a college degree in a fraction of the time, or master multiple tools to build a product or business from the …
Moving forward to Communicative Proficiency: A Comparison …
Based on quantitative and qualitative methods, it makes a comparative analysis between three listening subtests: old CET-4, new CET-4 and IELTS. Research subjects are 121 students …
Gen AI Fluency at Work How Organizations Unlock the Full …
These gen AI-fluent employees can be visualized using the AI pyramid maturity model recently developed by Harvard Business Publishing Corporate Learning. The pyramid illustrates the …
Proficiency Levels for Leadership Competencies - U.S.
BUSINESS ACUMEN: This core qualification involves the ability to manage human, financial, and information resources strategically. Financial Management - Understands the organization's …
