| computers in science and research: Computers in Fisheries Research Bernard A. Megrey, Erlend Moksness, 2008-11-26 The first edition of this book was published by Chapman and Hall Ltd. in 1996. The first edition contained nine chapters and, for all except one chapter, the original chapter authors agreed to update their chapter. Comparing these chapters gives the reader an idea of the development over a time span of more than 10 years between the two editions. In the preparation of the second edition we decided to add more chapters reflecting some important fields with significant contributions to present day fishery research. These are the use of internet for searching of information (Chapter 2), and the present state and use of remote sensing (Chapter 5), ecosystem modeling (Chapter 8) and visualization of data (Chapter 10). This second edition provides a valuable sampling of contemporary applications. Scientists have an opportunity to evaluate the suitability of different computer technology applications to their particular research situation thereby taking advantage of the experience of others. The chapters that follow are the fruition of this idea. The history behind this book started in 1989 when we were asked by Dr. Vidar Wespestad (previously: Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, USA) to prepare and convene a session at the 1992 World Fishery Congress in Athens, Greece on computer applications in fisheries. We agreed that the idea was a good one and the computer session in 1992 turned out to be very successful. |
| computers in science and research: Computers and Commerce Arthur Lawrence Norberg, 2005 Both ERA and EMCC had their roots in World War II, and in postwar years both firms received major funding from the United States government. Norberg analyzes the interaction between the two companies and the government and examines the impact of this institutional context on technological innovation. He looks at the two firms' operations after 1951 as independent subsidiaries of Remington Rand, and documents the management problems that began after Remington Rand merged with Sperry Gyroscope to form Sperry Rand in 1955--Jacket. |
| computers in science and research: The Life Sciences , 1970-01-01 |
| computers in science and research: Computers at Risk National Research Council, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, Computer Science and Telecommunications Board, Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications, System Security Study Committee, 1990-02-01 Computers at Risk presents a comprehensive agenda for developing nationwide policies and practices for computer security. Specific recommendations are provided for industry and for government agencies engaged in computer security activities. The volume also outlines problems and opportunities in computer security research, recommends ways to improve the research infrastructure, and suggests topics for investigators. The book explores the diversity of the field, the need to engineer countermeasures based on speculation of what experts think computer attackers may do next, why the technology community has failed to respond to the need for enhanced security systems, how innovators could be encouraged to bring more options to the marketplace, and balancing the importance of security against the right of privacy. |
| computers in science and research: Using Computers in Qualitative Research Nigel G. Fielding Raymond M. Lee, 1991-04-30 This is a comprehensive assessment of recent developments in the use of computers in qualitative research, an increasingly important and rapidly growing area of interest among social scientists and graduate students. Using Computers in Qualitative Research profiles and compares the principal programs available, identifying their particular strengths and limitations. It outlines the sorts of research problems that existing and forthcoming software can and cannot handle. The contributors also draw on their experiences of teaching computer-based techniques to suggest ways in which these could be incorporated into research methods training. [Reprinted with updated information on computer resources, 1992] |
| computers in science and research: On Growth, Form and Computers Sanjeev Kumar, Peter J. Bentley, 2003-10-03 Conceived for both computer scientists and biologists alike, this collection of 22 essays highlights the important new role that computers play in developmental biology research. Essays show how through computer modeling, researchers gain further insight into developmental processes. Featured essays also cover their use in designing computer algorithms to tackle computer science problems in areas like neural network design, robot control, evolvable hardware, and more. Peter Bentley, noted for his prolific research on evolutionary computation, and Sanjeev Kumar head up a respected team to guide readers through these very complex and fascinating disciplines.* Covers both developmental biology and computational development -- the only book of its kind!* Provides introductory material and more detailed information on BOTH disciplines * Includes contribututions from Richard Dawkins, Lewis Wolpert, Ian Stewart, and many other experts |
| computers in science and research: Seeing the Past with Computers Kevin Kee, Timothy J Compeau, 2019-01-24 Recent developments in computer technology are providing historians with new ways to see—and seek to hear, touch, or smell—traces of the past. Place-based augmented reality applications are an increasingly common feature at heritage sites and museums, allowing historians to create immersive, multifaceted learning experiences. Now that computer vision can be directed at the past, research involving thousands of images can recreate lost or destroyed objects or environments, and discern patterns in vast datasets that could not be perceived by the naked eye. Seeing the Past with Computers is a collection of twelve thought-pieces on the current and potential uses of augmented reality and computer vision in historical research, teaching, and presentation. The experts gathered here reflect upon their experiences working with new technologies, share their ideas for best practices, and assess the implications of—and imagine future possibilities for—new methods of historical study. Among the experimental topics they explore are the use of augmented reality that empowers students to challenge the presentation of historical material in their textbooks; the application of seeing computers to unlock unusual cultural knowledge, such as the secrets of vaudevillian stage magic; hacking facial recognition technology to reveal victims of racism in a century-old Australian archive; and rebuilding the soundscape of an Iron Age village with aural augmented reality. This volume is a valuable resource for scholars and students of history and the digital humanities more broadly. It will inspire them to apply innovative methods to open new paths for conducting and sharing their own research. |
| computers in science and research: Advances in Computers Marvin Zelkowitz, 2009-06-12 This is volume 73 of Advances in Computers. This series, which began publication in 1960, is the oldest continuously published anthology that chronicles the ever- changing information technology field. In these volumes we publish from 5 to 7 chapters, three times per year, that cover the latest changes to the design, development, use and implications of computer technology on society today. In this current volume, subtitled Emerging Technologies, we discuss several new advances in computer software generation as well as describe new applications of those computers.The first chapter gives an overview of various software development technologies that have been applied during the past 40 years with the goal of improving the software development process. This includes various methods such as structured development methods, reviews, object-oriented methods and rapid development technologies. Chapter 2 explores implications of UML as an emerging design notation for software.Chapter 3 looks at the emerging concept of pervasive computing and its impact on resource management and security. The authors discuss how the goal of transparency of computers affects efficiency of the system as well as security concerns.Chapter 4 discusses RFID, or radio frequency identification. This is the technology that cheaply tags products with unique identifiers that only need to pass near a reading device rather than specifically being read by a scanner. With this technology, products can be traced through the supply chain from manufacture to use easily.In the final chapter, the authors discuss the use of robot technology in medicine, specifically computer-integrated interventional medicine (CIIM) in which robotic control takes over some or all of the aspects of surgery. |
| computers in science and research: Applied Physics, System Science and Computers Klimis Ntalianis, Anca Croitoru, 2017-07-20 This book reports on advanced theories and methods in three related fields of research: applied physics, system science and computers. It is organized in two main parts, the first of which covers applied physics topics, including lasers and accelerators; condensed matter, soft matter and materials science; nanoscience and quantum engineering; atomic, molecular, optical and plasma physics; as well as nuclear and high-energy particle physics. It also addresses astrophysics, gravitation, earth and environmental science, as well as medical and biological physics. The second part focuses on advances in system science and computers, exploring automatic circuit control, power systems, computer communication, fluid mechanics, simulation and modeling, software engineering, data structures and applications of artificial intelligence among other areas. Offering a collection of contributions presented at the 1st International Conference on Applied Physics, System Science and Computers (APSAC 2016), the book bridges the gap between applied physics and electrical engineering. It not only to presents new methods, but also promotes collaborations between different communities working on related topics at the interface between physics and engineering, with a special focus on communication, data modeling and visualization, quantum information, applied mechanics as well as bio and geophysics. |
| computers in science and research: Research Methods in Human-Computer Interaction Jonathan Lazar, Jinjuan Heidi Feng, Harry Hochheiser, 2017-04-28 Research Methods in Human-Computer Interaction is a comprehensive guide to performing research and is essential reading for both quantitative and qualitative methods. Since the first edition was published in 2009, the book has been adopted for use at leading universities around the world, including Harvard University, Carnegie-Mellon University, the University of Washington, the University of Toronto, HiOA (Norway), KTH (Sweden), Tel Aviv University (Israel), and many others. Chapters cover a broad range of topics relevant to the collection and analysis of HCI data, going beyond experimental design and surveys, to cover ethnography, diaries, physiological measurements, case studies, crowdsourcing, and other essential elements in the well-informed HCI researcher's toolkit. Continual technological evolution has led to an explosion of new techniques and a need for this updated 2nd edition, to reflect the most recent research in the field and newer trends in research methodology. This Research Methods in HCI revision contains updates throughout, including more detail on statistical tests, coding qualitative data, and data collection via mobile devices and sensors. Other new material covers performing research with children, older adults, and people with cognitive impairments. - Comprehensive and updated guide to the latest research methodologies and approaches, and now available in EPUB3 format (choose any of the ePub or Mobi formats after purchase of the eBook) - Expanded discussions of online datasets, crowdsourcing, statistical tests, coding qualitative data, laws and regulations relating to the use of human participants, and data collection via mobile devices and sensors - New material on performing research with children, older adults, and people with cognitive impairments, two new case studies from Google and Yahoo!, and techniques for expanding the influence of your research to reach non-researcher audiences, including software developers and policymakers |
| computers in science and research: Funding a Revolution National Research Council, Computer Science and Telecommunications Board, Committee on Innovations in Computing and Communications: Lessons from History, 1999-02-11 The past 50 years have witnessed a revolution in computing and related communications technologies. The contributions of industry and university researchers to this revolution are manifest; less widely recognized is the major role the federal government played in launching the computing revolution and sustaining its momentum. Funding a Revolution examines the history of computing since World War II to elucidate the federal government's role in funding computing research, supporting the education of computer scientists and engineers, and equipping university research labs. It reviews the economic rationale for government support of research, characterizes federal support for computing research, and summarizes key historical advances in which government-sponsored research played an important role. Funding a Revolution contains a series of case studies in relational databases, the Internet, theoretical computer science, artificial intelligence, and virtual reality that demonstrate the complex interactions among government, universities, and industry that have driven the field. It offers a series of lessons that identify factors contributing to the success of the nation's computing enterprise and the government's role within it. |
| computers in science and research: Computers in Earth and Environmental Sciences Hamid Reza Pourghasemi, 2021-09-22 Computers in Earth and Environmental Sciences: Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Technologies in Hazards and Risk Management addresses the need for a comprehensive book that focuses on multi-hazard assessments, natural and manmade hazards, and risk management using new methods and technologies that employ GIS, artificial intelligence, spatial modeling, machine learning tools and meta-heuristic techniques. The book is clearly organized into four parts that cover natural hazards, environmental hazards, advanced tools and technologies in risk management, and future challenges in computer applications to hazards and risk management. Researchers and professionals in Earth and Environmental Science who require the latest technologies and advances in hazards, remote sensing, geosciences, spatial modeling and machine learning will find this book to be an invaluable source of information on the latest tools and technologies available. - Covers advanced tools and technologies in risk management of hazards in both the Earth and Environmental Sciences - Details the benefits and applications of various technologies to assist researchers in choosing the most appropriate techniques for purpose - Expansively covers specific future challenges in the use of computers in Earth and Environmental Science - Includes case studies that detail the applications of the discussed technologies down to individual hazards |
| computers in science and research: A Gentle Introduction to Effective Computing in Quantitative Research Harry J. Paarsch, Konstantin Golyaev, 2016-05-06 A practical guide to using modern software effectively in quantitative research in the social and natural sciences. This book offers a practical guide to the computational methods at the heart of most modern quantitative research. It will be essential reading for research assistants needing hands-on experience; students entering PhD programs in business, economics, and other social or natural sciences; and those seeking quantitative jobs in industry. No background in computer science is assumed; a learner need only have a computer with access to the Internet. Using the example as its principal pedagogical device, the book offers tried-and-true prototypes that illustrate many important computational tasks required in quantitative research. The best way to use the book is to read it at the computer keyboard and learn by doing. The book begins by introducing basic skills: how to use the operating system, how to organize data, and how to complete simple programming tasks. For its demonstrations, the book uses a UNIX-based operating system and a set of free software tools: the scripting language Python for programming tasks; the database management system SQLite; and the freely available R for statistical computing and graphics. The book goes on to describe particular tasks: analyzing data, implementing commonly used numerical and simulation methods, and creating extensions to Python to reduce cycle time. Finally, the book describes the use of LaTeX, a document markup language and preparation system. |
| computers in science and research: Computers and Creativity Jon McCormack, Mark d’Inverno, 2012-08-21 This interdisciplinary volume introduces new theories and ideas on creativity from the perspectives of science and art. Featuring contributions from leading researchers, theorists and artists working in artificial intelligence, generative art, creative computing, music composition, and cybernetics, the book examines the relationship between computation and creativity from both analytic and practical perspectives. Each contributor describes innovative new ways creativity can be understood through, and inspired by, computers. The book tackles critical philosophical questions and discusses the major issues raised by computational creativity, including: whether a computer can exhibit creativity independently of its creator; what kinds of creativity are possible in light of our knowledge from computational simulation, artificial intelligence, evolutionary theory and information theory; and whether we can begin to automate the evaluation of aesthetics and creativity in silico. These important, often controversial questions are contextualised by current thinking in computational creative arts practice. Leading artistic practitioners discuss their approaches to working creatively with computational systems in a diverse array of media, including music, sound art, visual art, and interactivity. The volume also includes a comprehensive review of computational aesthetic evaluation and judgement research, alongside discussion and insights from pioneering artists working with computation as a creative medium over the last fifty years. A distinguishing feature of this volume is that it explains and grounds new theoretical ideas on creativity through practical applications and creative practice. Computers and Creativity will appeal to theorists, researchers in artificial intelligence, generative and evolutionary computing, practicing artists and musicians, students and any reader generally interested in understanding how computers can impact upon creativity. It bridges concepts from computer science, psychology, neuroscience, visual art, music and philosophy in an accessible way, illustrating how computers are fundamentally changing what we can imagine and create, and how we might shape the creativity of the future. Computers and Creativity will appeal to theorists, researchers in artificial intelligence, generative and evolutionary computing, practicing artists and musicians, students and any reader generally interested in understanding how computers can impact upon creativity. It bridges concepts from computer science, psychology, neuroscience, visual art, music and philosophy in an accessible way, illustrating how computers are fundamentally changing what we can imagine and create, and how we might shape the creativity of the future. |
| computers in science and research: The Energetics of Computing in Life and Machines Chris Kempes, David H. Wolpert, Peter F. Stadler, 2018-09 Why do computers use so much energy? What are the fundamental physical laws governing the relationship between the precise computation run by a system, whether artificial or natural, and how much energy that computation requires? This volume integrates concepts from diverse fields, cultivating a modern, nonequilibrium thermodynamics of computation. |
| computers in science and research: Scientific Computing - An Introduction using Maple and MATLAB Walter Gander, Martin J. Gander, Felix Kwok, 2014-04-23 Scientific computing is the study of how to use computers effectively to solve problems that arise from the mathematical modeling of phenomena in science and engineering. It is based on mathematics, numerical and symbolic/algebraic computations and visualization. This book serves as an introduction to both the theory and practice of scientific computing, with each chapter presenting the basic algorithms that serve as the workhorses of many scientific codes; we explain both the theory behind these algorithms and how they must be implemented in order to work reliably in finite-precision arithmetic. The book includes many programs written in Matlab and Maple – Maple is often used to derive numerical algorithms, whereas Matlab is used to implement them. The theory is developed in such a way that students can learn by themselves as they work through the text. Each chapter contains numerous examples and problems to help readers understand the material “hands-on”. |
| computers in science and research: Opening Science Sönke Bartling, Sascha Friesike, 2013-12-16 Modern information and communication technologies, together with a cultural upheaval within the research community, have profoundly changed research in nearly every aspect. Ranging from sharing and discussing ideas in social networks for scientists to new collaborative environments and novel publication formats, knowledge creation and dissemination as we know it is experiencing a vigorous shift towards increased transparency, collaboration and accessibility. Many assume that research workflows will change more in the next 20 years than they have in the last 200. This book provides researchers, decision makers, and other scientific stakeholders with a snapshot of the basics, the tools, and the underlying visions that drive the current scientific (r)evolution, often called ‘Open Science.’ |
| computers in science and research: Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology Mehdi Khosrow-Pour, Mehdi Khosrowpour, 2009 This set of books represents a detailed compendium of authoritative, research-based entries that define the contemporary state of knowledge on technology--Provided by publisher. |
| computers in science and research: The use of computers in anthropology Dell H. [ed] Hymes, Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research, 2011-07-20 |
| computers in science and research: Computers and Society Ronald M. Baecker, 2019 Computers and Society explores the history and impact of modern technology on everyday human life, considering its benefits, drawbacks, and repercussions. Particular attention is paid to new developments in artificial intelligence and machine learning, and the issues that have arisen from our complex relationship with AI. |
| computers in science and research: The Closed World Paul N. Edwards, 1996 The Closed World offers a radically new alternative to the canonical histories of computers and cognitive science. Arguing that we can make sense of computers as tools only when we simultaneously grasp their roles as metaphors and political icons, Paul Edwards shows how Cold War social and cultural contexts shaped emerging computer technology--and were transformed, in turn, by information machines. The Closed World explores three apparently disparate histories--the history of American global power, the history of computing machines, and the history of subjectivity in science and culture--through the lens of the American political imagination. In the process, it reveals intimate links between the military projects of the Cold War, the evolution of digital computers, and the origins of cybernetics, cognitive psychology, and artificial intelligence. Edwards begins by describing the emergence of a closed-world discourse of global surveillance and control through high-technology military power. The Cold War political goal of containment led to the SAGE continental air defense system, Rand Corporation studies of nuclear strategy, and the advanced technologies of the Vietnam War. These and other centralized, computerized military command and control projects--for containing world-scale conflicts--helped closed-world discourse dominate Cold War political decisions. Their apotheosis was the Reagan-era plan for a Star Wars space-based ballistic missile defense. Edwards then shows how these military projects helped computers become axial metaphors in psychological theory. Analyzing the Macy Conferences on cybernetics, the Harvard Psycho-Acoustic Laboratory, and the early history of artificial intelligence, he describes the formation of a cyborg discourse. By constructing both human minds and artificial intelligences as information machines, cyborg discourse assisted in integrating people into the hyper-complex technological systems of the closed world. Finally, Edwards explores the cyborg as political identity in science fiction--from the disembodied, panoptic AI of 2001: A Space Odyssey, to the mechanical robots of Star Wars and the engineered biological androids of Blade Runner--where Information Age culture and subjectivity were both reflected and constructed. Inside Technology series |
| computers in science and research: A Framework for K-12 Science Education National Research Council, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Board on Science Education, Committee on a Conceptual Framework for New K-12 Science Education Standards, 2012-02-28 Science, engineering, and technology permeate nearly every facet of modern life and hold the key to solving many of humanity's most pressing current and future challenges. The United States' position in the global economy is declining, in part because U.S. workers lack fundamental knowledge in these fields. To address the critical issues of U.S. competitiveness and to better prepare the workforce, A Framework for K-12 Science Education proposes a new approach to K-12 science education that will capture students' interest and provide them with the necessary foundational knowledge in the field. A Framework for K-12 Science Education outlines a broad set of expectations for students in science and engineering in grades K-12. These expectations will inform the development of new standards for K-12 science education and, subsequently, revisions to curriculum, instruction, assessment, and professional development for educators. This book identifies three dimensions that convey the core ideas and practices around which science and engineering education in these grades should be built. These three dimensions are: crosscutting concepts that unify the study of science through their common application across science and engineering; scientific and engineering practices; and disciplinary core ideas in the physical sciences, life sciences, and earth and space sciences and for engineering, technology, and the applications of science. The overarching goal is for all high school graduates to have sufficient knowledge of science and engineering to engage in public discussions on science-related issues, be careful consumers of scientific and technical information, and enter the careers of their choice. A Framework for K-12 Science Education is the first step in a process that can inform state-level decisions and achieve a research-grounded basis for improving science instruction and learning across the country. The book will guide standards developers, teachers, curriculum designers, assessment developers, state and district science administrators, and educators who teach science in informal environments. |
| computers in science and research: Quantum Computing National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, Intelligence Community Studies Board, Computer Science and Telecommunications Board, Committee on Technical Assessment of the Feasibility and Implications of Quantum Computing, 2019-04-27 Quantum mechanics, the subfield of physics that describes the behavior of very small (quantum) particles, provides the basis for a new paradigm of computing. First proposed in the 1980s as a way to improve computational modeling of quantum systems, the field of quantum computing has recently garnered significant attention due to progress in building small-scale devices. However, significant technical advances will be required before a large-scale, practical quantum computer can be achieved. Quantum Computing: Progress and Prospects provides an introduction to the field, including the unique characteristics and constraints of the technology, and assesses the feasibility and implications of creating a functional quantum computer capable of addressing real-world problems. This report considers hardware and software requirements, quantum algorithms, drivers of advances in quantum computing and quantum devices, benchmarks associated with relevant use cases, the time and resources required, and how to assess the probability of success. |
| computers in science and research: Artificial Unintelligence Meredith Broussard, 2019-01-29 A guide to understanding the inner workings and outer limits of technology and why we should never assume that computers always get it right. In Artificial Unintelligence, Meredith Broussard argues that our collective enthusiasm for applying computer technology to every aspect of life has resulted in a tremendous amount of poorly designed systems. We are so eager to do everything digitally—hiring, driving, paying bills, even choosing romantic partners—that we have stopped demanding that our technology actually work. Broussard, a software developer and journalist, reminds us that there are fundamental limits to what we can (and should) do with technology. With this book, she offers a guide to understanding the inner workings and outer limits of technology—and issues a warning that we should never assume that computers always get things right. Making a case against technochauvinism—the belief that technology is always the solution—Broussard argues that it's just not true that social problems would inevitably retreat before a digitally enabled Utopia. To prove her point, she undertakes a series of adventures in computer programming. She goes for an alarming ride in a driverless car, concluding “the cyborg future is not coming any time soon”; uses artificial intelligence to investigate why students can't pass standardized tests; deploys machine learning to predict which passengers survived the Titanic disaster; and attempts to repair the U.S. campaign finance system by building AI software. If we understand the limits of what we can do with technology, Broussard tells us, we can make better choices about what we should do with it to make the world better for everyone. |
| computers in science and research: Assessing and Responding to the Growth of Computer Science Undergraduate Enrollments National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, Computer Science and Telecommunications Board, Policy and Global Affairs, Board on Higher Education and Workforce, Committee on the Growth of Computer Science Undergraduate Enrollments, 2018-04-28 The field of computer science (CS) is currently experiencing a surge in undergraduate degree production and course enrollments, which is straining program resources at many institutions and causing concern among faculty and administrators about how best to respond to the rapidly growing demand. There is also significant interest about what this growth will mean for the future of CS programs, the role of computer science in academic institutions, the field as a whole, and U.S. society more broadly. Assessing and Responding to the Growth of Computer Science Undergraduate Enrollments seeks to provide a better understanding of the current trends in computing enrollments in the context of past trends. It examines drivers of the current enrollment surge, relationships between the surge and current and potential gains in diversity in the field, and the potential impacts of responses to the increased demand for computing in higher education, and it considers the likely effects of those responses on students, faculty, and institutions. This report provides recommendations for what institutions of higher education, government agencies, and the private sector can do to respond to the surge and plan for a strong and sustainable future for the field of CS in general, the health of the institutions of higher education, and the prosperity of the nation. |
| computers in science and research: Focus on Computer Science Research Albert Tavidze, Susan Shannon, 2004 The books in this series present leading-edge research in the field of computer research, technology and applications. Each contribution has been carefully selected for inclusion based on the significance of the research to the field. Summaries of all chapters are gathered at the beginning of the book and an in-depth index is presented to facilitate access. |
| computers in science and research: When Computers Were Human David Alan Grier, 2013-11-01 Before Palm Pilots and iPods, PCs and laptops, the term computer referred to the people who did scientific calculations by hand. These workers were neither calculating geniuses nor idiot savants but knowledgeable people who, in other circumstances, might have become scientists in their own right. When Computers Were Human represents the first in-depth account of this little-known, 200-year epoch in the history of science and technology. Beginning with the story of his own grandmother, who was trained as a human computer, David Alan Grier provides a poignant introduction to the wider world of women and men who did the hard computational labor of science. His grandmother's casual remark, I wish I'd used my calculus, hinted at a career deferred and an education forgotten, a secret life unappreciated; like many highly educated women of her generation, she studied to become a human computer because nothing else would offer her a place in the scientific world. The book begins with the return of Halley's comet in 1758 and the effort of three French astronomers to compute its orbit. It ends four cycles later, with a UNIVAC electronic computer projecting the 1986 orbit. In between, Grier tells us about the surveyors of the French Revolution, describes the calculating machines of Charles Babbage, and guides the reader through the Great Depression to marvel at the giant computing room of the Works Progress Administration. When Computers Were Human is the sad but lyrical story of workers who gladly did the hard labor of research calculation in the hope that they might be part of the scientific community. In the end, they were rewarded by a new electronic machine that took the place and the name of those who were, once, the computers. |
| computers in science and research: Computers and Society Lisa C. Kaczmarczyk, 2016-04-19 Since computer scientists make decisions every day that have societal context and influence, an understanding of society and computing together should be integrated into computer science education. Showing students what they can do with their computing degree, Computers and Society: Computing for Good uses concrete examples and case studies to high |
| computers in science and research: Writing for Computer Science Justin Zobel, 2004-06-03 A complete update to a classic, respected resource Invaluable reference, supplying a comprehensive overview on how to undertake and present research |
| computers in science and research: Computational Fluid and Solid Mechanics 2003 K.J Bathe, 2003-06-02 Bringing together the world's leading researchers and practitioners of computational mechanics, these new volumes meet and build on the eight key challenges for research and development in computational mechanics.Researchers have recently identified eight critical research tasks facing the field of computational mechanics. These tasks have come about because it appears possible to reach a new level of mathematical modelling and numerical solution that will lead to a much deeper understanding of nature and to great improvements in engineering design.The eight tasks are: - The automatic solution of mathematical models - Effective numerical schemes for fluid flows - The development of an effective mesh-free numerical solution method - The development of numerical procedures for multiphysics problems - The development of numerical procedures for multiscale problems - The modelling of uncertainties - The analysis of complete life cycles of systems - Education - teaching sound engineering and scientific judgement Readers of Computational Fluid and Solid Mechanics 2003 will be able to apply the combined experience of many of the world's leading researchers to their own research needs. Those in academic environments will gain a better insight into the needs and constraints of the industries they are involved with; those in industry will gain a competitive advantage by gaining insight into the cutting edge research being carried out by colleagues in academia. Features - Bridges the gap between academic researchers and practitioners in industry - Outlines the eight main challenges facing Research and Design in Computational mechanics and offers new insights into the shifting the research agenda - Provides a vision of how strong, basic and exciting education at university can be harmonized with life-long learning to obtain maximum value from the new powerful tools of analysis |
| computers in science and research: Introduction to Scientific Computing and Data Analysis Mark H. Holmes, 2023-07-11 This textbook provides an introduction to numerical computing and its applications in science and engineering. The topics covered include those usually found in an introductory course, as well as those that arise in data analysis. This includes optimization and regression-based methods using a singular value decomposition. The emphasis is on problem solving, and there are numerous exercises throughout the text concerning applications in engineering and science. The essential role of the mathematical theory underlying the methods is also considered, both for understanding how the method works, as well as how the error in the computation depends on the method being used. The codes used for most of the computational examples in the text are available on GitHub. This new edition includes material necessary for an upper division course in computational linear algebra. |
| computers in science and research: Cooperative/Collaborative Learning Robyn M. Gillies, 2022-01-26 This book brings together a diverse range of international scholars to highlight recent developments in research on collaborative learning. The emphasis is on research that has a strong evidence base for the work that is presented and includes empirical studies, best evidence synthesis of the relevant research, case studies, and theoretical reports. It also highlights how different technologies have been used to facilitate group interaction, dialogue, and learning. There is much to be gained by sharing and learning about what happens in different disciplines and contexts and how different collaborative pedagogies can be implemented when needed to promote understanding and learning. This book will have strong appeal to pre-service and experienced teachers and researchers who are interested in how different collaborative pedagogies can be embedded in course curricula to promote student engagement and learning. |
| computers in science and research: Applied Physics, System Science and Computers III Klimis Ntalianis, George Vachtsevanos, Pierre Borne, Anca Croitoru, 2019 This book reports on advanced theories and methods in three related fields of research: applied physics, system science and computers. The first part covers applied physics topics, such as lasers and accelerators; fluid dynamics, optics and spectroscopy, among others. It also addresses astrophysics, security, and medical and biological physics. The second part focuses on advances in computers, such as those in the area of social networks, games, internet of things, deep learning models and more. The third part is especially related to systems science, covering swarm intelligence, smart cities, complexity and more. Advances in and application of computer communication, artificial intelligence, data analysis, simulation and modeling are also addressed. The book offers a collection of contributions presented at the 3nd International Conference on Applied Physics, System Science and Computers (APSAC), held in Dubrovnik, Croatia on September 26-28, 2018. Besides presenting new methods, it is also intended to promote collaborations between different communities working on related topics at the interface between physics, computer science and engineering. |
| computers in science and research: Artificial Intelligence in Medicine David Riaño, Szymon Wilk, Annette ten Teije, 2019-06-19 This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 17th Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, AIME 2019, held in Poznan, Poland, in June 2019. The 22 revised full and 31 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 134 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: deep learning; simulation; knowledge representation; probabilistic models; behavior monitoring; clustering, natural language processing, and decision support; feature selection; image processing; general machine learning; and unsupervised learning. |
| computers in science and research: Computers in Life Science Research William Siler, 1975-12-01 45 certainty about Federal policy concern the University of Alabama cardiac in ing the support of training contribute tensive care monitoring system on ob to these difficulties. The problems are solete 1800 computers. Another re too broad and too complex to address sponded most efficaciously pointing out here. They are difficult for both aca that it is too bad that people lose sight of demia and government, and warrant the fact that a system on which a pro the active concern of the entire research gram is developed will always be able community. to do the job; change is not indicated Dr. Robert Macey introduced to the until the system ceases to be appropri ate. conference the exciting world of model development describing an application In another vein, the question opens to the area of membrane transport. The up a wide range of problems that can be discussion of his paper exposed the prob summarized as problems in the diffusion lern the modeler has of gaining ac of computer-based technology. At this ceptance of his particular approach, but juncture biomedical computing joins all mainly it provided a taste of the intellec the rest of biomedicine. The problems of tual excitement that modeling generates diffusion of advances in health research, among both doers and observers. |
| computers in science and research: Location Science Gilbert Laporte, Stefan Nickel, Francisco Saldanha da Gama, 2015-02-25 This comprehensive and clearly structured book presents essential information on modern Location Science. The book is divided into three parts: basic concepts, advanced concepts and applications. Written by the most respected specialists in the field and thoroughly reviewed by the editors, it first lays out the fundamental problems in Location Science and provides the reader with basic background information on location theory. Part II covers advanced models and concepts, broadening and expanding on the content presented in Part I. It provides the reader with important tools to help them understand and solve real-world location problems. Part III is dedicated to linking Location Science with other areas like GIS, telecommunications, healthcare, rapid transit networks, districting problems and disaster events, presenting a wide range of applications. This part enables the reader to understand the role of facility location in such areas, as well as to learn how to handle realistic location problems. The book is intended for researchers working on theory and applications involving location problems and models. It is also suitable as a textbook for graduate courses on facility location. |
| computers in science and research: Deep Learning for Coders with fastai and PyTorch Jeremy Howard, Sylvain Gugger, 2020-06-29 Deep learning is often viewed as the exclusive domain of math PhDs and big tech companies. But as this hands-on guide demonstrates, programmers comfortable with Python can achieve impressive results in deep learning with little math background, small amounts of data, and minimal code. How? With fastai, the first library to provide a consistent interface to the most frequently used deep learning applications. Authors Jeremy Howard and Sylvain Gugger, the creators of fastai, show you how to train a model on a wide range of tasks using fastai and PyTorch. You’ll also dive progressively further into deep learning theory to gain a complete understanding of the algorithms behind the scenes. Train models in computer vision, natural language processing, tabular data, and collaborative filtering Learn the latest deep learning techniques that matter most in practice Improve accuracy, speed, and reliability by understanding how deep learning models work Discover how to turn your models into web applications Implement deep learning algorithms from scratch Consider the ethical implications of your work Gain insight from the foreword by PyTorch cofounder, Soumith Chintala |
| computers in science and research: Computers, Schools and Students Cedric Cullingford, Nusrat Haq, 2016-05-23 How have schools been affected by the introduction of computer technology, and has it changed the school life and experience of students? This book uses research from both large and small secondary schools, including those specializing in technology and those with higher numbers of pupils with special needs, to look at the results of all the political initiatives and investment in ICT. The authors found that the ambitious expectations fell short of reality. Their research into the reasons for this shortfall can help teachers understand and develop ways to make the best use of computers in their schools. It is equally informative for educational researchers and policy-makers. |
| computers in science and research: Affective Computing Rosalind W. Picard, 2000-07-24 According to Rosalind Picard, if we want computers to be genuinely intelligent and to interact naturally with us, we must give computers the ability to recognize, understand, even to have and express emotions. The latest scientific findings indicate that emotions play an essential role in decision making, perception, learning, and more—that is, they influence the very mechanisms of rational thinking. Not only too much, but too little emotion can impair decision making. According to Rosalind Picard, if we want computers to be genuinely intelligent and to interact naturally with us, we must give computers the ability to recognize, understand, even to have and express emotions. Part 1 of this book provides the intellectual framework for affective computing. It includes background on human emotions, requirements for emotionally intelligent computers, applications of affective computing, and moral and social questions raised by the technology. Part 2 discusses the design and construction of affective computers. Although this material is more technical than that in Part 1, the author has kept it less technical than typical scientific publications in order to make it accessible to newcomers. Topics in Part 2 include signal-based representations of emotions, human affect recognition as a pattern recognition and learning problem, recent and ongoing efforts to build models of emotion for synthesizing emotions in computers, and the new application area of affective wearable computers. |
| computers in science and research: The Future of Computer Science Research in the U.S. United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, 2005 |
I can't access other computers on the network after the windows …
Dec 7, 2024 · Assuming that SMB 1.0 is enabled on all the computers (control panel/turn windows features on or off): First ensure that all the computers are in the same Workgroup (Right click …
SOLVED - I suddenly cannot access shared folders on my home …
Feb 16, 2025 · I have two computers on my home network. One (W11 Version 10.0.26100 Build 26100) serves a folder of photos, the other USED TO access it. I am now suddenly unable to …
Cannot see any computers in network, windows 11
May 30, 2023 · I then changed the Windows feature "SMB 1.0" setting on both computers (I checked the box as you indicated). That made a difference. Now the Tower computer displays …
Completely Remove Microsoft Copilot and Block Future Installations
Jan 24, 2025 · The script below is deployed to computers to uninstall Copilot where it is already installed. Get-AppxPackage -AllUsers | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq 'Microsoft.Copilot' } | …
How do I unlink/unsync two computers that share the same …
Jan 16, 2023 · I have a pc that I use for a small business and just bought a new laptop for home. When setting up my laptop, I used the same Microsoft account as my pc. When installing, it …
Sync Multiple computers to a Single OneDrive Account
Mar 16, 2021 · From your description, you are using “Folder backup” feature with OneDrive sync app and trying to backup and sync your “Documents” folder to one work account from two …
Can I use my Microsoft 365 software on two different computers?
Nov 30, 2023 · As per your description, yes, you can use your Microsoft 365 package suite on two different computers. With a single Microsoft 365 subscription license, you can install Microsoft …
Computer not visible in network folder - Microsoft Community
Dec 6, 2021 · I have 4 computers running Win10 21H2 on my home LAN. I have network file sharing enabled on each computer. All the computers can see each other's network shares, …
Syncing one outlook account on two different computers
Feb 7, 2022 · To seamlessly sync email, contacts & calendar data between two different devices - regardless of whether those devices are computers, tablets or mobile, requires the use of an …
Can't Upgrade to 11 but can't afford a new PC, What are we …
Nov 20, 2024 · Could you point us at a site or link that would advise us how to do a clean install of Windows 11 while at same time using our existing Windows 10 license. Can't see buying a …
Science and Computers in Soviet Society - JSTOR
science and technology that emerged were the following: a strong elementary and high school educational system, continuity in research efforts, a tradition of excellence in some areas of …
Systematic review of adaptive learning research designs, …
appeared in Computers and Education. The majority of the studies occurred in higher edu-cation in Taiwan and the United States, with the highest concentration in the computer ... International …
SCHOOL COMPUTER USE AND STUDENT ACADEMIC …
Aug 10, 2020 · to computers and internet been invested has in many K-12 schools in the U.S.[29]. The 2007 U.S. Census Bureau statistics suggested that as of 2004, about 72% of students …
Computer Applications in the Biological Sciences - DTIC
handling technology to research in the life sciences; several areas of research that may be consistent with DARPA research goals are suggested. [1 focuses upon the use of computers in …
OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES OF NANOTECHNOLOGY …
There are various areas of computers that stand to gain from the innovations of Nanotechnology. The data storage field is an area where number of different technologies are at work.
Problem Solving and Computers in a Learning Environment
self sufficient science at the 1960‟s until today. Here is a rough chronology of that progress: 1950‟s – 1960‟s: Polya‟s ideas on the use of heuristic strategies in PS ([13], [16], etc). 1970‟s: …
Innovations in Culturally-based Science Education through …
New Science of Learning: Cognition, Computers and Collaboration in Education. New York: Springer. Megan Bang2, Douglas Medin3, Karen Washinawatok4, Shannon Chapman5 I. …
Benefits of ICT in Education Dean Henderson - IDOSR
students who were offering computers science and information technology (IT) leaving the rest of the students and teachers in dilemma. Various research studies indicated several reasons for …
A Study on the basics of Quantum Computing - arXiv.org
2.2 Limitations of Classical Computers and birth of art of Quantum Computing 2.2.1 Public key Cryptography and Classical factoring of big integers. 2.2.2 Quantum Factoring 2.2.3 Searching …
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL …
1. History of Computers in Pharmaceutical Research and Development: A Narrative 3 Donald B. Boyd and Max M. Marsh 2. Computers as Data Analysis and Data Management Tools in …
Advantages and disadvantages of using computersIn …
International Journal of Engineering, Science and Mathematics Vol. 7 Issue 4, April 2018, ISSN: 2320-0294 Impact Factor: 6.765 ... Use of Computers in education and research has …
Research Methods in Computing: Writing a Research …
Professor of Computer Science Department of Computer Science, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland. Presentation for Trinity CS post-grads, April 2011, Dublin Writing a Research Proposal A …
Research Challenges in Computer Science and Engineering …
Jonathan S. Turner received the MS and PhD degrees in computer science from Northwestern University in 1979 and 1981. He holds the Henry Edwin Sever Chair of Engineering at …
Application of Computer in Nursing, - Afe Babalola University
computers • Informatics is computer science plus information science. ... Use of Computers in Nursing Research • Problem identification • Literature Search • Research design • Data …
C o m p u t e r S c i e n c e P r o g r a m – L S A - Shiksha.com
Computer science is an exceptional field. Computers have been around for only 70 years while most other scientific disciplines have been around for centuries. Progress in computer science …
Human–Computer Interaction - Wiley Online Library
science, anthropology, computer science, industrial engineering, sociology, communication, and many other disciplines. Research in the area mainly consists of two perspectives—computer …
The Role of Computers and Ethics in Pharmaceutical Research
pharmaceutical research from manufacturing to pre-clinical & clinical development and product life cycle management. In this growing era, besides the advert applications of computers in …
The Use of Computers in Agriculture: A Key to Century: A …
generation, the same computers have been used to mechanization, automation and to develop decision support system for taking strategic decision on the agricultural production and …
A Review of Analog Computing - University of Tennessee
tical general-purpose analog computers; (4) discusses the theoretical power of analog computation and in particular the issue of whether analog computing is in some sense more …
ROLE OF COMPUTERS IN IMPROVING TEACHING AND …
writing of research projects. Teachers can use word processing to prepare their lesson plans in preparation of the teaching and learning process. Computers have also allowed schools to …
Introduction to Quantum Computers - Information …
Research Computing Center University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3420 Introduction to Quantum Computers. Objectives & Prerequisites •After this workshop, you …
The Use of Computers in Agriculture: A Key to Century: A …
2 002. Glob. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. production system. The application of the computer in agriculture research originally exploited for the
Introduction to Quantum Computing - NASA Technical …
computer science, and quantum physics as well as knowledge of prior algorithms and innate creativity •The ugly –Contemporary quantum computers provide too few qubits even to …
AI-Based Modeling: Techniques, Applications and Research
SN Computer Science (2022) 3:158 Page 3 of 20 158 SN Computer Science Why Articial Intelligence in Today’s Research and Applications? In this section, our goal is to motivate the …
Exploringthe*BenefitsandChallenges*of*Using*Laptop*Computers*inHigher …
Research on beneficial laptop behaviours in the classroom can be organized into five areas: note-taking, academic activities, access to resources, academic success, and communication. …
Computer Science Syllabus - Caribbean Examinations Council
associated technologies, has led to an increased globalisation of the world economy. Computer Science, including the Internet, has significantly changed personal communication, commerce …
Challenges and solutions when using technologies in the …
Unfortunately, some research suggests that professional development has a greater impact on teachers’ noninstructional (e.g., research, administrative) tasks than on student instruction. A …
The Positive Effects of Technology on Teaching and Student …
math and science achievement scores. Students’ who spent a lot of time using technology were shown to have increased science knowledge. They also performed better on math skills. …
Review article - arXiv.org
Computer Science Review 00 (2023) 1–37 Computer Science Review Review article Systematic Literature Review: Quantum Machine Learning and its ... Department of Computers and …
A REPORT ON Priorities for Weather Research - NOAA …
7.1 Science -Behavioral and Social Science, Earth System Science, Emerging Sciences, and Education and Research (67) 7.2 Computing (71) 7.3 Workforce Development (74) 7.4 …
Introduction SCC5933 Research Methodology in Computer …
Introduction Method I “Thescientificmethodisasetof basicrulesforascientistto developacontrolledexperimentinordertotestandobserveevents ...
DOCUMENT RESUME IR 010 857 - ed
TITLE Computers in Education: Realizing the Potential. Chairmen's Report of a Research Conference, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, November 20-24, 1982. INSTITUTION Office of …
Exploring Quantum Computing's Potential Breakthroughs and …
Lecturer-Department of Computer Science Dhofar University Oman mukesh@du.edu.om Dr. Yogita D. Bhise Assistant Professor Computer Engineeeing K. K. Wagh Institute of …
HISTORICAL RESEARCH IN THE AGE OF THE COMPUTER: …
Abstract: Computers are a useful research tool that his torians have only recently acquired. The advantages of speed and consistancy that computers can offer to analyti cal study are well …
The 1990s: The Formative Years of Digital Libraries
2.2 Computer science research For a period beginning in the 1990s, digital libraries were a recognized topic of computer science research. All parties gained from this partnership. …
ASCR 40 - Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
ASCR@40 FOUR DECADES OF DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY LEADERSHIP IN ADVANCED SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING RESEARCH A Report from the Advanced Scientific Computing …
Machine Learning: Algorithms, Real-World Applications and …
160 Page 2 of 21 SN Computer Science (2021) 2:160 SN Computer Science latesttechnologiesinthefourthindustrialrevolution(4IR orIndustry4.0)[103, 105].“Industry4.0 ...
Strategic Plan - Computer Science
2. Stanford Computer Science Department 2.1 Mission The research mission of the Stanford Computer Science Department is to lead the world in computer science and engineering …
The Impact of Quantum Computing on Present Cryptography
Two kinds of quantum computers exists; universal and non-universal. The main difference between the two is that universal quantum computers are developed to perform any given task, …
The Utilisation of Computer Technology in Environmental …
computers to help them in environmental research. According to Jessup (2009), Oak (2008) and Pillai (2008) computers play an important role in assisting students to access learning related …
Exploring the Application of Sanskrit in Computer …
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN: 2319-7064 SJIF (2022): 7.942 Volume 13 Issue 6, June 2024 Fully Refereed | Open Access | Double Blind Peer Reviewed …
The Future of Computational Linguistics: On Beyond …
1Baidu Research, Sunnyvale, CA, United States, 2University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States Over the decades, fashions in Computational Linguistics have changed again …
Computer Hardware - An Overview - IJSR
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064 Index Copernicus Value (2013): 6.14 | Impact Factor (2014): 5.611 Volume 4 Issue 10, October 2015 www.ijsr.net …
From “Impact” to Social Process: Computers in Society and …
Handbook of Science and Technology Studies (Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, 1994) by Paul N. Edwards School of Information ... providing the social and organizational nucleus for …
The Negative Effects of Technology for Students and …
too many technology programs, or an excessive amount of screen time. Through research, it has been determined that the overuse of technology devices is now a worldwide phenomenon that …
Download A Guide To Medical Computing Computers In …
A Guide To Medical Computing Computers In ... A Guide to Medical Computing aims to present an account of both the clinical applications and the computer science aspects of computing in …
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STUDENTS’ EXPOSURE TO …
In recent years, computers have been used extensively for various reasons by wide user groups. School-age children use computers for entertainment, communication, and education, etc. …
