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| c.e.r science: Writing in Middle School Science Scott Phillips, 2018-06-04 Are you frustrated your middle school science students can't write? Whether you call them Claim, Evidence, Reasoning (CER) or Conclusions Based on Data (CBDs), seemingly all science teachers struggle with student writing. This simple six-sentence, step-by-step, one-day lesson allows students to produce fantastic work in minutes. You'll grade each paper in seconds and truly know who understands the material and who does not. Students will write them in minutes and you'll learn to grade them in seconds! The author went from using them three times per year to more than sixty times per year because they are the most effective method to guage student understanding. Change the way you teach writing in middle school science forever! |
| c.e.r science: The Knowledge Gap Natalie Wexler, 2020-08-04 The untold story of the root cause of America's education crisis--and the seemingly endless cycle of multigenerational poverty. It was only after years within the education reform movement that Natalie Wexler stumbled across a hidden explanation for our country's frustrating lack of progress when it comes to providing every child with a quality education. The problem wasn't one of the usual scapegoats: lazy teachers, shoddy facilities, lack of accountability. It was something no one was talking about: the elementary school curriculum's intense focus on decontextualized reading comprehension skills at the expense of actual knowledge. In the tradition of Dale Russakoff's The Prize and Dana Goldstein's The Teacher Wars, Wexler brings together history, research, and compelling characters to pull back the curtain on this fundamental flaw in our education system--one that fellow reformers, journalists, and policymakers have long overlooked, and of which the general public, including many parents, remains unaware. But The Knowledge Gap isn't just a story of what schools have gotten so wrong--it also follows innovative educators who are in the process of shedding their deeply ingrained habits, and describes the rewards that have come along: students who are not only excited to learn but are also acquiring the knowledge and vocabulary that will enable them to succeed. If we truly want to fix our education system and unlock the potential of our neediest children, we have no choice but to pay attention. |
| c.e.r science: What's Your Evidence? Carla Zembal-Saul, Katherine L. McNeill, Kimber Hershberger, 2013 With the view that children are capable young scientists, authors encourage science teaching in ways that nurture students' curiosity about how the natural world works including research-based approaches to support all K-5 children constructing scientific explanations via talk and writing. Grounded in NSF-funded research, this book/DVD provides K-5 teachers with a framework for explanation (Claim, Evidence, Reasoning) that they can use to organize everything from planning to instructional strategies and from scaffolds to assessment. Because the framework addresses not only having students learn scientific explanations but also construct them from evidence and evaluate them, it is considered to build upon the new NRC framework for K-12 science education, the national standards, and reform documents in science education, as well as national standards in literacy around argumentation and persuasion, including the Common Core Standards for English Language Arts (Common Core State Standards Initiative, 2010).The chapters guide teachers step by step through presenting the framework for students, identifying opportunities to incorporate scientific explanation into lessons, providing curricular scaffolds (that fade over time) to support all students including ELLs and students with special needs, developing scientific explanation assessment tasks, and using the information from assessment tasks to inform instruction. |
| c.e.r science: Science John Michels (Journalist), 1887 Vols. for 1911-13 contain the Proceedings of the Helminothological Society of Washington, ISSN 0018-0120, 1st-15th meeting. |
| c.e.r science: A Framework for K-12 Science Education National Research Council, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Board on Science Education, Committee on a Conceptual Framework for New K-12 Science Education Standards, 2012-02-28 Science, engineering, and technology permeate nearly every facet of modern life and hold the key to solving many of humanity's most pressing current and future challenges. The United States' position in the global economy is declining, in part because U.S. workers lack fundamental knowledge in these fields. To address the critical issues of U.S. competitiveness and to better prepare the workforce, A Framework for K-12 Science Education proposes a new approach to K-12 science education that will capture students' interest and provide them with the necessary foundational knowledge in the field. A Framework for K-12 Science Education outlines a broad set of expectations for students in science and engineering in grades K-12. These expectations will inform the development of new standards for K-12 science education and, subsequently, revisions to curriculum, instruction, assessment, and professional development for educators. This book identifies three dimensions that convey the core ideas and practices around which science and engineering education in these grades should be built. These three dimensions are: crosscutting concepts that unify the study of science through their common application across science and engineering; scientific and engineering practices; and disciplinary core ideas in the physical sciences, life sciences, and earth and space sciences and for engineering, technology, and the applications of science. The overarching goal is for all high school graduates to have sufficient knowledge of science and engineering to engage in public discussions on science-related issues, be careful consumers of scientific and technical information, and enter the careers of their choice. A Framework for K-12 Science Education is the first step in a process that can inform state-level decisions and achieve a research-grounded basis for improving science instruction and learning across the country. The book will guide standards developers, teachers, curriculum designers, assessment developers, state and district science administrators, and educators who teach science in informal environments. |
| c.e.r science: Advice for a Young Investigator Santiago Ramon Y Cajal, 2004-02-27 An anecdotal guide for the perplexed new investigator as well as a refreshing resource for the old pro, covering everything from valuable personality traits for an investigator to social factors conducive to scientific work. Santiago Ramón y Cajal was a mythic figure in science. Hailed as the father of modern anatomy and neurobiology, he was largely responsible for the modern conception of the brain. His groundbreaking works were New Ideas on the Structure of the Nervous System and Histology of the Nervous System in Man and Vertebrates. In addition to leaving a legacy of unparalleled scientific research, Cajal sought to educate the novice scientist about how science was done and how he thought it should be done. This recently rediscovered classic, first published in 1897, is an anecdotal guide for the perplexed new investigator as well as a refreshing resource for the old pro. Cajal was a pragmatist, aware of the pitfalls of being too idealistic—and he had a sense of humor, particularly evident in his diagnoses of various stereotypes of eccentric scientists. The book covers everything from valuable personality traits for an investigator to social factors conducive to scientific work. |
| c.e.r science: Past, Present and Future of Computing Education Research Mikko Apiola, Sonsoles López-Pernas, Mohammed Saqr, 2023-04-17 This book presents a collection of meta-studies, reviews, and scientometric analyses that together reveal a fresh picture about the past, present, and future of computing education research (CER) as a field of science. The book begins with three chapters that discuss and summarise meta-research about the foundations of CER, its disciplinary identity, and use of research methodologies and theories. Based on this, the book proceeds with several scientometric analyses, which explore authors and their collaboration networks, dissemination practices, international collaboration, and shifts in research focus over the years. Analyses of dissemination are deepened in two chapters that focus on some of the most influential publication venues of CER. The book also contains a series of country-, or region-level analyses, including chapters that focus on the evolution of CER in the Baltic Region, Finland, Australasia, Israel, and in the UK & Ireland. Two chapters present case studies of influential CER initiatives in Sweden and Namibia. This book also includes chapters that focus on CER conducted at school level, and cover crucially important issues such as technology ethics, algorithmic bias, and their implications for CER.In all, this book contributes to building an understanding of the past, present and future of CER. This book also contributes new practical guidelines, highlights topical areas of research, shows who to connect with, where to publish, and gives ideas of innovative research niches. The book takes a unique methodological approach by presenting a combination of meta-studies, scientometric analyses of publication metadata, and large-scale studies about the evolution of CER in different geographical regions. This book is intended for educational practitioners, researchers, students, and anyone interested in CER. This book was written in collaboration with some of the leading experts of the field. |
| c.e.r science: Science Education Research and Practice in Asia Mei-Hung Chiu, 2016-06-10 This book discusses the scope of science education research and practice in Asia. It is divided into five sections: the first consists of nine chapters providing overviews of science education in Asia (China, Lebanon, Macau, Malaysia, Mongolia, Oman, Singapore, Taiwan, and Thailand). The second section offers chapters on content analysis of research articles, while the third includes three chapters on assessment and curriculum. The fourth section includes four chapters on innovative technology in science education; and the fifth section consists of four chapters on professional development, and informal learning. Each section also has additional chapters providing specific comments on the content. This collection of works provides readers with a starting point to better understand the current state of science education in Asia. |
| c.e.r science: Ready, Set, SCIENCE! National Research Council, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Center for Education, Board on Science Education, Heidi A. Schweingruber, Andrew W. Shouse, Sarah Michaels, 2007-11-30 What types of instructional experiences help K-8 students learn science with understanding? What do science educators, teachers, teacher leaders, science specialists, professional development staff, curriculum designers, and school administrators need to know to create and support such experiences? Ready, Set, Science! guides the way with an account of the groundbreaking and comprehensive synthesis of research into teaching and learning science in kindergarten through eighth grade. Based on the recently released National Research Council report Taking Science to School: Learning and Teaching Science in Grades K-8, this book summarizes a rich body of findings from the learning sciences and builds detailed cases of science educators at work to make the implications of research clear, accessible, and stimulating for a broad range of science educators. Ready, Set, Science! is filled with classroom case studies that bring to life the research findings and help readers to replicate success. Most of these stories are based on real classroom experiences that illustrate the complexities that teachers grapple with every day. They show how teachers work to select and design rigorous and engaging instructional tasks, manage classrooms, orchestrate productive discussions with culturally and linguistically diverse groups of students, and help students make their thinking visible using a variety of representational tools. This book will be an essential resource for science education practitioners and contains information that will be extremely useful to everyone �including parents �directly or indirectly involved in the teaching of science. |
| c.e.r science: Arguing From Evidence in Middle School Science Jonathan Osborne, Brian M. Donovan, J. Bryan Henderson, Anna C. MacPherson, Andrew Wild, 2016-08-30 Teaching your students to think like scientists starts here! Use this straightforward, easy-to-follow guide to give your students the scientific practice of critical thinking today's science standards require. Ready-to-implement strategies and activities help you effortlessly engage students in arguments about competing data sets, opposing scientific ideas, applying evidence to support specific claims, and more. Use these 24 activities drawn from the physical sciences, life sciences, and earth and space sciences to: Engage students in 8 NGSS science and engineering practices Establish rich, productive classroom discourse Extend and employ argumentation and modeling strategies Clarify the difference between argumentation and explanation Stanford University professor, Jonathan Osborne, co-author of The National Resource Council’s A Framework for K-12 Science Education—the basis for the Next Generation Science Standards—brings together a prominent author team that includes Brian M. Donovan (Biological Sciences Curriculum Study), J. Bryan Henderson (Arizona State University, Tempe), Anna C. MacPherson (American Museum of Natural History) and Andrew Wild (Stanford University Student) in this new, accessible book to help you teach your middle school students to think and argue like scientists! |
| c.e.r science: Helping Students Make Sense of the World Using Next Generation Science and Engineering Practices Christina V. Schwarz, Cynthia Passmore, Brian J. Reiser , 2017-01-31 When it’s time for a game change, you need a guide to the new rules. Helping Students Make Sense of the World Using Next Generation Science and Engineering Practices provides a play-by-play understanding of the practices strand of A Framework for K–12 Science Education (Framework) and the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). Written in clear, nontechnical language, this book provides a wealth of real-world examples to show you what’s different about practice-centered teaching and learning at all grade levels. The book addresses three important questions: 1. How will engaging students in science and engineering practices help improve science education? 2. What do the eight practices look like in the classroom? 3. How can educators engage students in practices to bring the NGSS to life? Helping Students Make Sense of the World Using Next Generation Science and Engineering Practices was developed for K–12 science teachers, curriculum developers, teacher educators, and administrators. Many of its authors contributed to the Framework’s initial vision and tested their ideas in actual science classrooms. If you want a fresh game plan to help students work together to generate and revise knowledge—not just receive and repeat information—this book is for you. |
| c.e.r science: A Dictionary of Dental Science Lovick Pierce Anthony, 1922 |
| c.e.r science: Time for Science Education Michael Matthews, 2012-12-06 The book's argument depends, as do most proposals in education, upon cer tain positions in the philosophy of education. I believe that education should be primarily concerned with developing understanding, with initiation into worth while traditions of intellectual achievement, and with developing capacities for clear, analytic and critical thought. These have been the long-accepted goals of liberal education. In a liberal education, students should come to know and appre ciate a variety of disciplines, know them at an appropriate depth, see the interconnectedness of the disciplines, or the modes of thought, and finally have some critical disposition toward what is being learned, to be genuinely open minded about intellectual things. These liberal goals are contrasted with goals such as professional training, job preparation, promotion of self-esteem, social engineering, entertainment, or countless other putative purposes of schooling that are enunciated by politicians, administrators, and educators. The book's argument might be consistent with other views of education especially ones about the training of specialists (sometimes called a professional view of education)-but the argument fits best with a liberal view of education. The liberal hope has always been that if education is done well, then other per sonal and social goods will follow. The development of informed, critical, and moral capacities is the cornerstone for personal and social achievements. |
| c.e.r science: Catalogue Museum of the History of Education (University of Leeds), 1980 |
| c.e.r science: Uncovering Student Ideas in Science: 25 formative assessment probes Page Keeley, 2005 V. 1. Physical science assessment probes -- Life, Earth, and space science assessment probes. |
| c.e.r science: Teaching Better Bradley A. Ermeling, Genevieve Graff-Ermeling, 2016-03-03 Discover the power of collaborative inquiry! This unique, visually stunning resource is packed with details to ignite and sustain the collaborative improvement of teaching and learning. Includes US and international case studies, powerful metaphors, application exercises, a leader’s guide, a companion website, digital templates, and more. Learn what lesson study and collaborative inquiry can and should look like. Find the guidance you need to lead and support schoolwide, inquiry-based improvement! “A true inspiration for educators who want to improve both their own craft and the methods of the profession.” Jim Stigler & James Hiebert, Authors of The Teaching Gap |
| c.e.r science: Manfish Jennifer Berne, 2012-10-26 A colorfully illustrated biography of a little French boy who would become an internationally known oceanographer and champion of the seas. Once upon a time in France, a baby was born under the summer sun. His parents named him Jacques. As he grew, Jacques fell in love with the sea. He dreamed of breathing beneath the waves and swimming as gracefully as a fish. In fact, he longed to become a manfish. Jacques Cousteau grew up to become a champion of the seas and one of the best-known oceanographers in the world. In this lovely biography, poetic text and gorgeous paintings come together to create a portrait of Cousteau that is as magical as it is inspiring. Praise for Manfish “Berne offers a luminous picture-book biography about Jacques Cousteau . . . . Puybaret’s smooth-looking acrylic paintings extend the words’ elegant simplicity and beautifully convey the sense of infinite, underwater space.” —Booklist (starred review) “This moving tribute to the great nautical observer and filmmaker is shot through with an authentically childlike sense of adventure and the thrill of discovery . . . . This poetic profile of a doer and a dreamer is certain to inspire fresh interest in discovering, and in caring for, our world’s wonders.” —Kirkus Reviews (starred review) “A new generation of children is introduced to the pioneering oceanographer and filmmaker. Beginning with Cousteau’s childhood in France where he marveled at the sea and dreamed of breathing underwater, Berne reveals the unique mix of curiosity, ingenuity, and passion that drove Cousteau to make underwater exploration possible.” —School Library Journal |
| c.e.r science: Science Digest , 1942 |
| c.e.r science: Theoretical Frameworks for Research in Chemistry/science Education George M. Bodner, MaryKay Orgill, 2007 Part of the Prentice Hall Series in Educational Innovation, this concise new volume is the first book devoted entirely to describing and critiquing the various theoretical frameworks used in chemistry education/science education research – with explicit examples of related studies. Provides a broad spectrum of theoretical perspectives upon which readers can base educational research. Includes an extensive list of relevant references. Presents a consistent framework for each subject area/chapter. A useful guide for practicing chemists, chemistry instructors, and chemistry educators for learning how to do basic educational research within the context of their own instructional laboratories and classrooms. |
| c.e.r science: Bugs and Bugsicles Amy S. Hansen, 2010 Every fall, insects disappear. And every spring, they return. Where do they go? The author and illustrator re-create the insects' movements and reveal their secrets. |
| c.e.r science: Basic Science for Core Medical Training and the MRCP Neil Herring, Robert Wilkins, 2015 1: Genetics 2: Cellular, Molecular and Membrane biology 3: Biochemistry and Metabolism 4: Immunology 5: Infectious Diseases 6: Statistics and Epidemiology 7: Haematology 8: Clinical Pharmacology 9: Rheumatology 10: Cardiology 11: Respiratory Medicine 12: Neurology 13: Psychiatry 14: Gastroenterology 15: Endocrinology 16: Nephrology 17: Dermatology. |
| c.e.r science: Why Torture Doesn’t Work Shane O'Mara, 2015-11-30 Torture is banned because it is cruel and inhumane. But as Shane O’Mara writes in this account of the human brain under stress, another reason torture should never be condoned is because it does not work the way torturers assume it does. In countless films and TV shows such as Homeland and 24, torture is portrayed as a harsh necessity. If cruelty can extract secrets that will save lives, so be it. CIA officers and others conducted torture using precisely this justification. But does torture accomplish what its defenders say it does? For ethical reasons, there are no scientific studies of torture. But neuroscientists know a lot about how the brain reacts to fear, extreme temperatures, starvation, thirst, sleep deprivation, and immersion in freezing water, all tools of the torturer’s trade. These stressors create problems for memory, mood, and thinking, and sufferers predictably produce information that is deeply unreliable—and, for intelligence purposes, even counterproductive. As O’Mara guides us through the neuroscience of suffering, he reveals the brain to be much more complex than the brute calculations of torturers have allowed, and he points the way to a humane approach to interrogation, founded in the science of brain and behavior. Torture may be effective in forcing confessions, as in Stalin’s Russia. But if we want information that we can depend on to save lives, O’Mara writes, our model should be Napoleon: “It has always been recognized that this way of interrogating men, by putting them to torture, produces nothing worthwhile.” |
| c.e.r science: The Large Hadron Collider Lyndon R. Evans, 2009-01-01 Describes the technology and engineering of the Large Hadron collider (LHC), one of the greatest scientific marvels of this young 21st century. This book traces the feat of its construction, written by the head scientists involved, placed into the context of the scientific goals and principles. |
| c.e.r science: Computer Science Education Research Sally Fincher, Marian Petre, 2004-01-01 This book provides an overview of how to approach computer science education research from a pragmatic perspective. It represents the diversity of traditions and approaches inherent in this interdisciplinary area, while also providing a structure within which to make sense of that diversity. It provides multiple 'entry points'- to literature, to methods, to topics Part One, 'The Field and the Endeavor', frames the nature and conduct of research in computer science education. Part Two, 'Perspectives and Approaches', provides a number of grounded chapters on particular topics or themes, written by experts in each domain. These chapters cover the following topics: * design * novice misconceptions * programming environments for novices * algorithm visualisation * a schema theory view on learning to program * critical theory as a theoretical approach to computer science education research Juxtaposed and taken together, these chapters indicate just how varied the perspectives and research approaches can be. These chapters, too, act as entry points, with illustrations drawn from published work. |
| c.e.r science: The Teenage Brain Frances E. Jensen, Amy Ellis Nutt, 2015-01-06 A New York Times Bestseller Renowned neurologist Dr. Frances E. Jensen offers a revolutionary look at the brains of teenagers, dispelling myths and offering practical advice for teens, parents and teachers. Dr. Frances E. Jensen is chair of the department of neurology in the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. As a mother, teacher, researcher, clinician, and frequent lecturer to parents and teens, she is in a unique position to explain to readers the workings of the teen brain. In The Teenage Brain, Dr. Jensen brings to readers the astonishing findings that previously remained buried in academic journals. The root myth scientists believed for years was that the adolescent brain was essentially an adult one, only with fewer miles on it. Over the last decade, however, the scientific community has learned that the teen years encompass vitally important stages of brain development. Samples of some of the most recent findings include: Teens are better learners than adults because their brain cells more readily build memories. But this heightened adaptability can be hijacked by addiction, and the adolescent brain can become addicted more strongly and for a longer duration than the adult brain. Studies show that girls' brains are a full two years more mature than boys' brains in the mid-teens, possibly explaining differences seen in the classroom and in social behavior. Adolescents may not be as resilient to the effects of drugs as we thought. Recent experimental and human studies show that the occasional use of marijuana, for instance, can cause lingering memory problems even days after smoking, and that long-term use of pot impacts later adulthood IQ. Multi-tasking causes divided attention and has been shown to reduce learning ability in the teenage brain. Multi-tasking also has some addictive qualities, which may result in habitual short attention in teenagers. Emotionally stressful situations may impact the adolescent more than it would affect the adult: stress can have permanent effects on mental health and can to lead to higher risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression. Dr. Jensen gathers what we’ve discovered about adolescent brain function, wiring, and capacity and explains the science in the contexts of everyday learning and multitasking, stress and memory, sleep, addiction, and decision-making. In this groundbreaking yet accessible book, these findings also yield practical suggestions that will help adults and teenagers negotiate the mysterious world of adolescent development. |
| c.e.r science: Fire Effects on Soils and Restoration Strategies A Cerda, 2009-01-05 This book has been published a decade after Fires Effects on Ecosystems by DeBano, Neary, and Folliott (1998), and builds on their foundation to update knowledge on natural post-fire processes and describe the use and effectiveness of various restoration strategies that may be applied when human intervention is warranted. The chapters in this book, |
| c.e.r science: Blue Dreams Lauren Slater, 2018-02-20 The explosive story of the discovery and development of psychiatric medications, as well as the science and the people behind their invention, told by a riveting writer and psychologist who shares her own experience with the highs and lows of psychiatric drugs. Although one in five Americans now takes at least one psychotropic drug, the fact remains that nearly seventy years after doctors first began prescribing them, not even their creators understand exactly how or why these drugs work -- or don't work -- on what ails our brains. Lauren Slater's revelatory account charts psychiatry's journey from its earliest drugs, Thorazine and lithium, up through Prozac and other major antidepressants of the present. Blue Dreams also chronicles experimental treatments involving Ecstasy, magic mushrooms, the most cutting-edge memory drugs, placebos, and even neural implants. In her thorough analysis of each treatment, Slater asks three fundamental questions: how was the drug born, how does it work (or fail to work), and what does it reveal about the ailments it is meant to treat? Fearlessly weaving her own intimate experiences into comprehensive and wide-ranging research, Slater narrates a personal history of psychiatry itself. In the process, her powerful and groundbreaking exploration casts modern psychiatry's ubiquitous wonder drugs in a new light, revealing their ability to heal us or hurt us, and proving an indispensable resource not only for those with a psychotropic prescription but for anyone who hopes to understand the limits of what we know about the human brain and the possibilities for future treatments. |
| c.e.r science: Benchmarks for Science Literacy American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1994-01-06 Published to glowing praise in 1990, Science for All Americans defined the science-literate American--describing the knowledge, skills, and attitudes all students should retain from their learning experience--and offered a series of recommendations for reforming our system of education in science, mathematics, and technology. Benchmarks for Science Literacy takes this one step further. Created in close consultation with a cross-section of American teachers, administrators, and scientists, Benchmarks elaborates on the recommendations to provide guidelines for what all students should know and be able to do in science, mathematics, and technology by the end of grades 2, 5, 8, and 12. These grade levels offer reasonable checkpoints for student progress toward science literacy, but do not suggest a rigid formula for teaching. Benchmarks is not a proposed curriculum, nor is it a plan for one: it is a tool educators can use as they design curricula that fit their student's needs and meet the goals first outlined in Science for All Americans. Far from pressing for a single educational program, Project 2061 advocates a reform strategy that will lead to more curriculum diversity than is common today. IBenchmarks emerged from the work of six diverse school-district teams who were asked to rethink the K-12 curriculum and outline alternative ways of achieving science literacy for all students. These teams based their work on published research and the continuing advice of prominent educators, as well as their own teaching experience. Focusing on the understanding and interconnection of key concepts rather than rote memorization of terms and isolated facts, Benchmarks advocates building a lasting understanding of science and related fields. In a culture increasingly pervaded by science, mathematics, and technology, science literacy require habits of mind that will enable citizens to understand the world around them, make some sense of new technologies as they emerge and grow, and deal sensibly with problems that involve evidence, numbers, patterns, logical arguments, and technology--as well as the relationship of these disciplines to the arts, humanities, and vocational sciences--making science literacy relevant to all students, regardless of their career paths. If Americans are to participate in a world shaped by modern science and mathematics, a world where technological know-how will offer the keys to economic and political stability in the twenty-first century, education in these areas must become one of the nation's highest priorities. Together with Science for All Americans, Benchmarks for Science Literacy offers a bold new agenda for the future of science education in this country, one that is certain to prepare our children for life in the twenty-first century. |
| c.e.r science: Initial National Priorities for Comparative Effectiveness Research Institute of Medicine, Board on Health Care Services, Committee on Comparative Effectiveness Research Prioritization, 2009-11-14 Clinical research presents health care providers with information on the natural history and clinical presentations of disease as well as diagnostic and treatment options. In today's healthcare system, patients, physicians, clinicians and family caregivers often lack the sufficient scientific data and evidence they need to determine the best course of treatment for the patients' medical conditions. Initial National Priorities for Comparative Effectiveness Research(CER) is designed to fill this knowledge gap by assisting patients and healthcare providers across diverse settings in making more informed decisions. In this 2009 report, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Comparative Effectiveness Research Prioritization establishes a working definition of CER, develops a priority list of research topics, and identifies the necessary requirements to support a robust and sustainable CER enterprise. As part of the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, Congress appropriated $1.1 billion in federal support of CER, reflecting legislators' belief that better decisions about the use of health care could improve the public's health and reduce the cost of care. The Committee on Comparative Effectiveness Research Prioritization was successful in preparing a list 100 top priority CER topics and 10 recommendations for best practices in the field. |
| c.e.r science: A Vision and Plan for Science Teaching and Learning Brett Moulding, Rodger Bybee, Nicole Paulson, 2015-04-01 This book provides teachers with useful tools to help students understand science. The book translates current science education research from theory into classroom instruction. The experience of the authors with teachers was utilized to help translate research into what works for quality science teaching and learning. The book establishes the fundamentals for learning science in a simple, straightforward approach that teachers can successfully implement immediately with great success. The utility of the book comes from the way the big ideas for science are related to implementation in classroom instruction and the myriad of examples the book employs. The book is consistent with A Framework for K-12 Science Education and the Next Generation Science Standards; an obvious consequence of the authors being on the writing committees for A Framework for K-12 Science Education and Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). The authors fully realize that all states, school districts, and classroom teachers will not implement the NGSS. However, these documents will have a significant influence on school programs and classroom practices. The book is structured to support professional teachers and professional learning communities. Questions are provided with each chapter to support reflection on the ideas presented in the chapter. Structuring the chapters for this purpose also leads to some redundancies, this is intentional and hopefully will not distract from the experience for those wishing to read the book cover to cover. |
| c.e.r science: Reductionism in Art and Brain Science Eric R. Kandel, 2016-08-30 Are art and science separated by an unbridgeable divide? Can they find common ground? In this new book, neuroscientist Eric R. Kandel, whose remarkable scientific career and deep interest in art give him a unique perspective, demonstrates how science can inform the way we experience a work of art and seek to understand its meaning. Kandel illustrates how reductionism—the distillation of larger scientific or aesthetic concepts into smaller, more tractable components—has been used by scientists and artists alike to pursue their respective truths. He draws on his Nobel Prize-winning work revealing the neurobiological underpinnings of learning and memory in sea slugs to shed light on the complex workings of the mental processes of higher animals. In Reductionism in Art and Brain Science, Kandel shows how this radically reductionist approach, applied to the most complex puzzle of our time—the brain—has been employed by modern artists who distill their subjective world into color, form, and light. Kandel demonstrates through bottom-up sensory and top-down cognitive functions how science can explore the complexities of human perception and help us to perceive, appreciate, and understand great works of art. At the heart of the book is an elegant elucidation of the contribution of reductionism to the evolution of modern art and its role in a monumental shift in artistic perspective. Reductionism steered the transition from figurative art to the first explorations of abstract art reflected in the works of Turner, Monet, Kandinsky, Schoenberg, and Mondrian. Kandel explains how, in the postwar era, Pollock, de Kooning, Rothko, Louis, Turrell, and Flavin used a reductionist approach to arrive at their abstract expressionism and how Katz, Warhol, Close, and Sandback built upon the advances of the New York School to reimagine figurative and minimal art. Featuring captivating drawings of the brain alongside full-color reproductions of modern art masterpieces, this book draws out the common concerns of science and art and how they illuminate each other. |
| c.e.r science: Theory and Methods for Sociocultural Research in Science and Engineering Education Gregory J. Kelly, Judith L. Green, 2018-12-17 Introducing original methods for integrating sociocultural and discourse studies into science and engineering education, this book provides a much-needed framework for how to conduct qualitative research in this field. The three dimensions of learning identified in the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) create a need for research methods that examine the sociocultural components of science education. With cutting-edge studies and examples consistent with the NGSS, this book offers comprehensive research methods for integrating discourse and sociocultural practices in science and engineering education and provides key tools for applying this framework for students, pre-service teachers, scholars, and researchers. |
| c.e.r science: Scientific Papers of the Institute of Algological Research, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University Hokkaidō Daigaku, Sapporo, Japan. Rigakubu. Kaisō Kenkyūjo, Muroran, 1950 |
| c.e.r science: Science, Explanation, and Rationality James H. Fetzer, 2000-12-07 Carl G. Hempel exerted greater influence upon philosophers of science than any other figure during the 20th century. In this far-reaching collection, distinguished philosophers contribute valuable studies that illuminate and clarify the central problems to which Hempel was devoted. The essays enhance our understanding of the development of logical empiricism as the major intellectual influence for scientifically-oriented philosophers and philosophically-minded scientists of the 20th century. |
| c.e.r science: Good Practice In Science Teaching: What Research Has To Say Osborne, Jonathan, Dillon, Justin, 2010-05-01 This volume provides a summary of the findings that educational research has to offer on good practice in school science teaching. It offers an overview of scholarship and research in the field, and introduces the ideas and evidence that guide it. |
| c.e.r science: Martin Gardner's Science Magic Martin Gardner, 2012-09-19 Fun and fascinating, 89 simple magic tricks will teach both children and adults the scientific principles behind electricity, magnetism, sound, gravity, water, and more. Only basic everyday items are needed. Includes 89 black-and-white illustrations. |
| c.e.r science: Understanding Philosophy of Science James Ladyman, 2012-08-06 Few can imagine a world without telephones or televisions; many depend on computers and the Internet as part of daily life. Without scientific theory, these developments would not have been possible. In this exceptionally clear and engaging introduction to philosophy of science, James Ladyman explores the philosophical questions that arise when we reflect on the nature of the scientific method and the knowledge it produces. He discusses whether fundamental philosophical questions about knowledge and reality might be answered by science, and considers in detail the debate between realists and antirealists about the extent of scientific knowledge. Along the way, central topics in philosophy of science, such as the demarcation of science from non-science, induction, confirmation and falsification, the relationship between theory and observation and relativism are all addressed. Important and complex current debates over underdetermination, inference to the best explaination and the implications of radical theory change are clarified and clearly explained for those new to the subject. |
| c.e.r science: The Advance , 1905 |
| c.e.r science: Science Warm-Ups, Grades 5 - 8 Linda Armstrong, Schyrlet Cameron, Carolyn Craig, Gary Raham, 2017-01-03 Science Warm-Ups by Mark Twain for fifth–eighth grades features over 300 warm-ups and covers the following topics: -general science -life science -the human body -space science -technology This middle school science workbook provides activities to get students ready for the day. Each page of Science Warm-Ups consists of four warm-up activities that you can cut apart and use separately, making them ideal for whole-class or individual instruction. You can also use these activities as bell-ringers, transparencies, digital copies, and in learning centers. Mark Twain Media Publishing Company provides engaging supplemental books and eye-catching decorations for middle-grade and upper-grade classrooms. This product line is designed by leading educators and features a variety of subjects, including history, fine arts, science, language arts, social studies, government, math, and behavior management. |
| c.e.r science: Undergraduate Catalog North Carolina State University, 1927 |
What are the differences between .pem, .cer, and .der?
Mar 30, 2014 · .pem, .cer and .der are all file extensions for files that may contain a X.509 v3 certificate. The .der extension DER is the method of encoding the data that makes up the …
How do I view the details of a digital certificate .cer file?
Jan 19, 2017 · I am using Windows and have been given a .cer file. How can I view the details of it?
what is the difference between .cer & pfx file [closed]
A .cer file only has the public key (this is what you typically exchange with integration partners); it can be used to verify tokens or client authentication requests, and it is what is received by an …
How to convert a .cer to a .p12 file - Stack Overflow
Dec 5, 2023 · I have two .cer files (developer and distribution) both are loaded into Keystore Access on Mac OS X. However I'm unable to export as a .p12 file. I tried OpenSSL, but still no …
What is the difference between .CER and .CRT? [closed]
Jan 28, 2020 · Is there a difference between .cer and .crt. I know they both are same SSL certificate format, but don't know what is the difference between them. If there no difference, …
ssl - Convert .crt file to .cer and .key - Stack Overflow
Aug 15, 2014 · I was asked to help converting a certificate for a renewal. I was given the domainname.crt file along with some intermediate .crt files, but no .key file. They want me to …
How do I convert a .cer certificate to .pem? - Server Fault
Apr 1, 2011 · 25 To convert a .cer file to .pem, open a terminal and run the following command: openssl x509 -inform der -in certificate.cer -outform pem -out certificate.pem Replace …
What is the difference between a cer, pvk, and pfx file?
Feb 18, 2010 · A CER file can be in binary (ASN.1 DER) or encoded with Base-64 with header and footer included (PEM), Windows will recognize either of these layout. PVK files: Stands for …
How to generate a .pfx and .cer file on Windows - Stack Overflow
Mar 30, 2022 · A .cer file contains the public key + some info about the entity that generated the certificate. A .pfx file contains the certificate + the private key, and can be password protected.
ssl - Get .crt & .key files from .cer file - Stack Overflow
Sep 5, 2022 · The following command is used to sign a string via openssl: smime -sign -signer cert.crt -inkey key.key -engine gost -binary -noattr Given a .cer file that was said to contain key …
What are the differences between .pem, .cer, and .der?
Mar 30, 2014 · .pem, .cer and .der are all file extensions for files that may contain a X.509 v3 certificate. The .der extension DER is the method of encoding the data that makes up the …
How do I view the details of a digital certificate .cer file?
Jan 19, 2017 · I am using Windows and have been given a .cer file. How can I view the details of it?
what is the difference between .cer & pfx file [closed]
A .cer file only has the public key (this is what you typically exchange with integration partners); it can be used to verify tokens or client authentication requests, and it is what is received by an …
How to convert a .cer to a .p12 file - Stack Overflow
Dec 5, 2023 · I have two .cer files (developer and distribution) both are loaded into Keystore Access on Mac OS X. However I'm unable to export as a .p12 file. I tried OpenSSL, but still no …
What is the difference between .CER and .CRT? [closed]
Jan 28, 2020 · Is there a difference between .cer and .crt. I know they both are same SSL certificate format, but don't know what is the difference between them. If there no difference, …
ssl - Convert .crt file to .cer and .key - Stack Overflow
Aug 15, 2014 · I was asked to help converting a certificate for a renewal. I was given the domainname.crt file along with some intermediate .crt files, but no .key file. They want me to …
How do I convert a .cer certificate to .pem? - Server Fault
Apr 1, 2011 · 25 To convert a .cer file to .pem, open a terminal and run the following command: openssl x509 -inform der -in certificate.cer -outform pem -out certificate.pem Replace …
What is the difference between a cer, pvk, and pfx file?
Feb 18, 2010 · A CER file can be in binary (ASN.1 DER) or encoded with Base-64 with header and footer included (PEM), Windows will recognize either of these layout. PVK files: Stands for …
How to generate a .pfx and .cer file on Windows - Stack Overflow
Mar 30, 2022 · A .cer file contains the public key + some info about the entity that generated the certificate. A .pfx file contains the certificate + the private key, and can be password protected.
ssl - Get .crt & .key files from .cer file - Stack Overflow
Sep 5, 2022 · The following command is used to sign a string via openssl: smime -sign -signer cert.crt -inkey key.key -engine gost -binary -noattr Given a .cer file that was said to contain key …
