Ca Technologies Spray Guns



  c.a. technologies spray guns: How to Paint Your Car on a Budget Pat Ganahl, 2006 If your car needs new paint, or even just a touch-up, the cost involved in hiring a professional can be more than you bargained for. Fortunately, there are less expensive alternatives---you can even paint your car at home! In How to Paint Your Car On A Budget, author and veteran DIY hot rodder Pat Ganahl unveils dozens of secrets that will help anyone paint their own car. From simple scuff-and-squirt jobs to fullon, door-jambs-and-everything paint jobs, Ganahl covers everything you need to know to get a great looking coat of paint on your car and save lots of money in the process. This book covers painting equipment, the ins and outs of prep, masking, painting and sanding products and techniques, and real-world advice on how to budget wisely when painting your own car. It's the most practical automotive painting book ever written!
  c.a. technologies spray guns: Official Gazette of the United States Patent and Trademark Office , 2004
  c.a. technologies spray guns: Handbook of sol-gel science and technology. 3. Applications of sol-gel technology Sumio Sakka, 2005 Since Dr. Disiich of Germany prepared a glass lens by the sol-gel method around 1970, sol-gel science and technology has continued to develop. Since then this field has seen remarkable technical developments as well as a broadening of the applications of sol-gel science and technology. There is a growing need for a comprehensive reference that treats both the fundamentals and the applications, and this is the aim of Handbook of Sol-Gel Science and Technology.The primary purpose of sol-gel science and technology is to produce materials, active and non-active including optical, electronic, chemical, sensor, bio- and structural materials. This means that sol-gel science and technology is related to all kinds of manufacturing industries. Thus Volume 1, Sol-Gel Processing, is devoted to general aspects of processing. Newly developed materials such as organic-inorganic hybrids, photonic crystals, ferroelectric coatings, photocatalysts will be covered. Topics in this volume include: Volume 2, Characterization of Sol-Gel Materials and Products, highlights the important fact that useful materials are only produced when characterization is tied to processing. Furthermore, characterization is essential to the understanding of nanostructured materials, and sol-gel technology is a most important technology in this new field. Since nanomaterials display their functional property based on their nano- and micro-structure, characterization is very important. Topics found in Volume 2 include: Sol-gel technology is a versatile technology, making it possible to produce a wide variety of materials and to provide existing substances with novel properties. This technology was applied to producingnovel materials, for example organic-inorganic hybrids, which are quite difficult to make by other fabricating techniques, and it was also applied to producing materials based on high temperature superconducting oxides. Applications of Sol-Gel Technology, (Volume 3), will cover applications such as:
  c.a. technologies spray guns: Handbook of Thermal Spray Technology Joseph R. Davis, 2004-01-01 This reference covers principles, processes, types of coatings, applications, performance, and testing and analysis of thermal spray technology. It will serve as an introduction and guide for those new to thermal spray, and as a reference for specifiers and users of thermal spray coatings and thermal spray experts. Coverage encompasses basics of th
  c.a. technologies spray guns: HVLP Coating Equipment Generic Testing & Quality Assurance Protocol Revision No.1 ,
  c.a. technologies spray guns: Composites Technology Yellowpages , 2002
  c.a. technologies spray guns: The Management of Technological Innovation Mark Dodgson, David M. Gann, Ammon Salter, 2008-02-07 The management of technological innovation (MTI) is one of the most important challenges facing businesses today. Innovation has become the fundamental driver of competitiveness for firms of all sizes in virtually all business sectors and nations.The first edition of this book has become one of the most popular texts for students of innovation and technology management. This new edition sees David Gann and Ammon Salter join Mark Dodgson as authors, drawing on their combined experience of 60 years of researching and teaching MTI. It combines the most relevant theoretical analysis with contemporary and historical empirical evidence to provide a comprehensive, yet concise and readable, guide to the challenges of MTI.By explaining the innovation process the book reveals the broad scope of MTI and its importance for company survival, growth and sustainability. It describes how MTI has to be managed strategically and how this is successfully achieved by formulating and implementing strategy and delivering value. Chapters provide frameworks, tools and techniques, and case studies on managing: innovation strategy, communities, and networks, R&D, design and new product and service development, operationsand production, and commercialization.Based on robust analysis, the book provides a wide range of empirical evidence from a huge diversity of case studies, with around fifty case studies newly written for this edition. It analyses MTI in all parts of the world, in companies large and small, and in services, manufacturing, and resource-based business sectors.This new edition has been fully revised and updated to reflect the latest teaching and research, and to ensure its continuing relevance to the contemporary world of MTI. It will be an important resource for academics, students, and managers throughout the world, is a recommended text for students of innovation and technology management at postgraduate and undergraduate level, and is particularly valuable for MBA courses.
  c.a. technologies spray guns: The Waterborne Symposium James Wayne Rawlins, Robson F. Storey, 2012 This volume contains dozens of original investigations into the materials, chemistry, formulation and applications of waterborne coatings.
  c.a. technologies spray guns: Fluorinated Coatings and Finishes Handbook Laurence W. McKeen, 2006-03-16 The Handbook of Fluorinated Coatings and Finishes: The Definitive User's Guide is both a reference and a tutorial for understanding fluoropolymer coatings. It discusses the basics of fluorocoating formulations, including ingredients and production processes. Also covered are the coating and curing processes, and defects and trouble-shooting solutions when things do not work as expected, testing performance, and sample commercial applications. It addresses important questions frequently posed by end-user design engineers, coaters, and coatings suppliers in their quest for superior product qualities and shorter product and process development time.
  c.a. technologies spray guns: Thermal Spray 2004 , 2004-01-01
  c.a. technologies spray guns: Thomas Register , 2004
  c.a. technologies spray guns: Exploring Tech Careers, Fourth Edition, 2-Volume Set Ferguson, Ferguson Publishing, 2014-05-14 Praise for the previous edition: ... highly recommended for high school, public, and academic libraries.
  c.a. technologies spray guns: European Electronics Directory 1994 C.G. Wedgwood, 2013-10-22 Companion volume to Components and Sub-Assemblies Directory, providing access to 8000 manufacturers, agents and representatives of electronics systems and equipment. Entries include names of key managers, addresses, fax/telephone numbers, and pocket descriptions of manufacturing and sales programmes. There is also a product index to track the companies involved in any given business lines.
  c.a. technologies spray guns: Summary of Pollution Prevention Case Studies with Economic Data (by SIC Codes) , 1994
  c.a. technologies spray guns: Utech 94 David Reed, Carole Lee, 1994
  c.a. technologies spray guns: Plastics Technology , 1987
  c.a. technologies spray guns: EPA ETV International Forum Meeting Summary July 1314, 2005 Washington, DC ,
  c.a. technologies spray guns: Pro Paint & Body HP1563 Jim Richardson, Tom Horvath, 2011-02-01 This is a revised and updated edition of one of the bestselling paint handbooks in the industry. It includes current information on HVLP paint guns and equipment and waterborne paint technology. It also has sections on hammer and dolly, paintless dent removal, patching panels, spray guns and compressors, paint prep, shooting paint, color sanding, plastic bumper repair, and custom paint tips and tricks.
  c.a. technologies spray guns: Automotive Paint Handbook John Pfanstiehl, 1998 A comprehensive resource that covers the entire field of automotive paint technology.
  c.a. technologies spray guns: HVLP Coating Equipment ITW Automotive Refinishing DeVilbiss Gti600G HVLP Spray Gun ,
  c.a. technologies spray guns: Thermal Spray 2006 Basil Richard Marple, 2006-01-01
  c.a. technologies spray guns: Advanced Surface Coating Techniques for Modern Industrial Applications Roy, Supriyo, Bose, Goutam Kumar, 2020-09-18 In engineering, there are often situations in which the material of the main component is unable to sustain long life or protect itself from adverse operating environments. Moreover, in some cases, different material properties such as anti-friction and wear, anti-corrosive, thermal resistive, super hydrophobic, etc. are required as per the operating conditions. If those bulk components are made of such materials and possess those properties, the cost will be very high. In such cases, a practical solution is surface coating, which serves as a protective barrier to the bulk material from the adverse environment. In the last decade, with enormous effort, researchers and scientists have developed suitable materials to overcome those unfavorable operating conditions, and they have used advanced deposition techniques to enhance the adhesion and surface texturing of the coatings. Advanced Surface Coating Techniques for Modern Industrial Applications is a highly sought reference source that compiles the recent research trends in these new and emerging surface coating materials, deposition techniques, properties of coated materials, and their applications in various engineering and industrial fields. The book particularly focuses on 1) coating materials including anti-corrosive materials and nanomaterials, 2) coating methods including thermal spray and electroless disposition, and 3) applications such as surface engineering and thin film application. The book is ideal for engineers, scientists, researchers, academicians, and students working in fields like material science, mechanical engineering, tribology, chemical and corrosion science, bio-medical engineering, biomaterials, and aerospace engineering.
  c.a. technologies spray guns: Shreir's Corrosion , 2009-02-27 This four-volume reference work builds upon the success of past editions of Elsevier’s Corrosion title (by Shreir, Jarman, and Burstein), covering the range of innovations and applications that have emerged in the years since its publication. Developed in partnership with experts from the Corrosion and Protection Centre at the University of Manchester, Shreir’s Corrosion meets the research and productivity needs of engineers, consultants, and researchers alike. Incorporates coverage of all aspects of the corrosion phenomenon, from the science behind corrosion of metallic and non-metallic materials in liquids and gases to the management of corrosion in specific industries and applications Features cutting-edge topics such as medical applications, metal matrix composites, and corrosion modeling Covers the benefits and limitations of techniques from scanning probes to electrochemical noise and impedance spectroscopy
  c.a. technologies spray guns: National emission standards for hazardous air pollutants (NESHAP) for source category large appliances surface coating operations background information for proposed standards ,
  c.a. technologies spray guns: Popular Mechanics , 1993-03 Popular Mechanics inspires, instructs and influences readers to help them master the modern world. Whether it’s practical DIY home-improvement tips, gadgets and digital technology, information on the newest cars or the latest breakthroughs in science -- PM is the ultimate guide to our high-tech lifestyle.
  c.a. technologies spray guns: Popular Mechanics , 1993-03 Popular Mechanics inspires, instructs and influences readers to help them master the modern world. Whether it’s practical DIY home-improvement tips, gadgets and digital technology, information on the newest cars or the latest breakthroughs in science -- PM is the ultimate guide to our high-tech lifestyle.
  c.a. technologies spray guns: Coatings for High-Temperature Structural Materials National Research Council, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, National Materials Advisory Board, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, Committee on Coatings for High-Temperature Structural Materials, 1996-06-13 This book assesses the state of the art of coatings materials and processes for gas-turbine blades and vanes, determines potential applications of coatings in high-temperature environments, identifies needs for improved coatings in terms of performance enhancements, design considerations, and fabrication processes, assesses durability of advanced coating systems in expected service environments, and discusses the required inspection, repair, and maintenance methods. The promising areas for research and development of materials and processes for improved coating systems and the approaches to increased coating standardization are identified, with an emphasis on materials and processes with the potential for improved performance, quality, reproducibility, or manufacturing cost reduction.
  c.a. technologies spray guns: How to Paint Your Car Dennis W. Parks, 2013-06-15 How to Paint Your Car reveals the techniques, tricks, and technology behind automotive painting through 400 color photos, clear captions, detailed text, and step-by-step how-to sequences.You’ll learn the latestinformation about paint chemistry, waterborne paints, spray guns, body fillers, surface prep, site prep, as well as respirators and other safety gear that every automotive painter must know.With step-by-step detail, you’ll learn how to properly prepare your car for paint work, including minor bodywork, surface preparation, rust removal, masking, priming and final coating. How to Paint Your Car also includes information about custom touches and effects as well as how to care for your paint after application, including information on buffing compounds, waxes, and other care products.Everything you need to know to feel comfortable and confident in undertaking your own paint project, whether a touch-up job or a complete respray, is covered in How to Paint Your Car.
  c.a. technologies spray guns: Handbook on Pet Film and Sheets, Urethane Foams, Flexible Foams, Rigid Foams, Speciality Plastics, Stretch Blow Moulding, Injection Blow Moulding, Injection and Co-Injection Preform Technologies NIIR Board of Consultants & Engineers, 2018-01-09 Polyester or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is an unreinforced, semi-crystalline thermo-plastic polyester derived from polyethylene terephthalate. Its excellent wear resistance, low coefficient of friction, high flexural modulus, and superior dimensional stability make it a versatile material for designing mechanical and electro-mechanical parts. PET is fully recyclable and can be easily reprocessed into many other products for many different applications. However, unlike paper and other cellulose products, PET does not readily decompose. However, biodegradable additives are available that enhance the biodegradation of this plastic without affecting the physical properties. Formation of a flexible polyurethane foam is an intricate process employing unique hardware, multiple ingredients and at least two simultaneous reactions. The urethane forming reaction occurs between the isocyanate and the polyol. Polyurethanes, also known as polycarbamates, belong to a larger class of compounds called polymers. Polyurethanes can be produced in four different forms including elastomers, coatings, flexible foams, and cross-linked foams. Elastomers are materials that can be stretched but will eventually return to their original shape. They are useful in applications that require strength, flexibility, abrasion resistance, and shock absorbing qualities. Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers can be molded and shaped into different parts. This makes them useful as base materials for automobile parts, ski boots, roller skate wheels, cable jackets, and other mechanical goods. When these elastomers are spun into fibers they produce a flexible material called spandex. Spandex is used to make sock tops, bras, support hose, swimsuits, and other athletic apparel. Co-injection is the process of injecting two resins simultaneously through a single gate to form a multi-layer structure. Recently, there has been a re-emergence of interest in co-injection technology spurred on by the development of new resins, barrier systems, controls, and hardware technologies. Increasing demand of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) from food and beverage sector like in carbonated soft drinks packaging, increase demand for packaged food due to rise in consumption of frozen and processed food, rise in demand for electronics and automotive applications/industries and ecofriendly substitution are the most important driving factors in the polyethylene terephthalate market. Also, rapid urbanization, innovative packaging and high economic growth is contribution in increasing the demand for polyethylene terephthalate regardless of the geographical location. This book will be a mile stone for its readers who are new to this sector, will also find useful for professionals, entrepreneurs, those studying and researching in this important area. TAGS Production Process for Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Production and Manufacturing, PET Sheet Making, PET Packaging Film Production, Packaging Films Manufacture, Production of PET Film, Polyester Film Production, PET Film Manufacturing, PET Film Making Plant, PET Film Production, PET Sheet Production, Production of PET Sheet, Film/Sheet Production, PET Sheet Manufacturing Business, PET Sheet Manufacture, PET Sheet Making Unit, How Polyurethane is Made? Manufacturing of Urethane Foams, Manufacturing of Polyurethane Foams, Urethane Foam Manufacturing, Urethane Foam Production, Manufacturing of PU Foam, How to Make Polyurethane Flexible Foam, Making of Polyurethane Foams, Production of Polyurethane Foam, Polyurethane Foam Making Plant, Polyurethane Flexible Foam Production, PU Foam Manufacturing Process, Process for Making Polyurethane Foam, Production Plant of Polyurethane Foam, Flexible Polyurethane Foam Manufacturing Business, Polyurethane Foam Production Process, Flexible Polyurethane Foam Production, Flexible Polyurethane Foam Manufacture, Polyurethane Rigid Foam Manufacturing Process, Production of Rigid Polyurethane Foam, Rigid Polyurethane Foaming Process, Specialty Plastic Manufacturing, Speciality Plastics, Foams Manufacturing Plant, Specialty Packaging, Stretch Blow Molding, Stretch Blow Molding Machine, Stretch Blow Moulding Process, Stretch Blow Moulding for Plastic, Injection Blow Moulding, Extrusion Blow Moulding, Injection And Extrusion Blow Molding, Co-Injection Technology, PET Film Manufacturing Project Ideas, Projects on Small Scale Industries, Small Scale Industries Projects Ideas, PET Film Manufacturing Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Project Profile on Small Scale Industries, How to Start PET Sheet Manufacturing Industry in India, PET Film Manufacturing Projects, New Project Profile on PET Film Manufacturing Industries, Project Report on PET Film Manufacturing Industry, Detailed Project Report on PET Film Manufacturing, Project Report on PET Sheet Manufacturing, Pre-Investment Feasibility Study on PET Sheet Manufacturing, Techno-Economic Feasibility Study on PET Sheet Manufacturing, Feasibility Report on Polyurethane Rigid Foam Manufacturing, Free Project Profile on PET Sheet Manufacturing, Project Profile on Polyurethane Rigid Foam Manufacturing, Download Free Project Profile on Polyurethane Foam Production, Industrial Project Report on Polyurethane Foam Production
  c.a. technologies spray guns: American Woodworker , 1994-12 American Woodworker magazine, A New Track Media publication, has been the premier publication for woodworkers all across America for 25 years. We are committed to providing woodworkers like you with the most accurate and up-to-date plans and information -- including new ideas, product and tool reviews, workshop tips and much, much more.
  c.a. technologies spray guns: Gun Curious David Yamane, 2024-06-01 More than ever, it feels like cultural and political divisions over firearms are tearing the United States apart. Guns are an undeniable and contradictory presence in America, both widely owned and controversial. This book does something remarkable: it promotes insight over animosity in understanding the complex reality of guns in America. It challenges firearms skeptics, entertains enthusiasts, and informs the uncommitted by taking readers on a surprising journey inside gun culture. A lifelong liberal from the San Francisco Bay Area, David Yamane became a new gun owner as a 42-year-old and embarked on an immersive twelve-year study of American gun culture. Weaving together his personal experiences and sociological observations to explain why guns make sense to those who own them, he illuminates defensive gun ownership, the risk of negative outcomes associated with firearms, and what responsible gun ownership looks like in the twenty-first century. This book lowers the heat on America's inflamed arguments about firearms and models the civil discussions we desperately need.
  c.a. technologies spray guns: Thomas Register of American Manufacturers and Thomas Register Catalog File , 2002 Vols. for 1970-71 includes manufacturers' catalogs.
  c.a. technologies spray guns: American Woodworker , 1992-09 American Woodworker magazine, A New Track Media publication, has been the premier publication for woodworkers all across America for 25 years. We are committed to providing woodworkers like you with the most accurate and up-to-date plans and information -- including new ideas, product and tool reviews, workshop tips and much, much more.
  c.a. technologies spray guns: Regulatory Encounters Lee Axelrad, Robert A. Kagan, 2000-10-02 This is a pathbreaking contribution to a much neglected area of academic study.—Bridget M. Hutter, London School of Economics Regulatory Encounters is an extremely impressive book that contains rich, varied, and convincing case studies on an important topic, American 'adversarial legalism.'—R. Shep Melnick, Boston College
  c.a. technologies spray guns: Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports , 1995
  c.a. technologies spray guns: Directory of United States Importers , 2009 A list of U.S. importers and the products they import. The main company listing is geographic by state while products are listed by Harmonized Commodity Codes. There are also alphabetical company and product indexes.
  c.a. technologies spray guns: Federal Register , 1977
  c.a. technologies spray guns: Particle Technology and Applications Sunggyu Lee, Kimberly H. Henthorn, 2016-04-19 Particle Technology and Applications presents the theoretical and technological background of particle science and explores up-to-date applications of particle technologies in the chemical, petrochemical, energy, mechanical, and materials industries. It looks at the importance of particle science and technology in the development of efficient chemi
  c.a. technologies spray guns: Corporate Technology Directory , 1988 This multi-volume directory which lists more than 40,000 companies is indexed by company name, geographic area, SIC code, and non-U.S. parent companies. Profiles are provided for each company listed, and company rankings given under each industry.
  c.a. technologies spray guns: Code of Federal Regulations , 2006 Special edition of the Federal Register, containing a codification of documents of general applicability and future effect ... with ancillaries.
Tire Size Calculator - Compare Tire Sizes - Tacoma World
Tire size calculator compares diameter, width, circumference and speedometer differences for any two tire sizes.

How to retouch paint CA License Plate..??? - Tacoma World
Oct 26, 2009 · CA Vehicle: 2012 DCSB PreRunner TRD Sport Bilstein 5100s all around, Toytec Eibach coils, Toytec 1.5" AAL, Light Racing UCAs, 285/70r17 Nitto Terra Grapplers, 17x9 Eagle …

CA Commercial Registration for all pick up trucks - Tacoma World
Jun 18, 2024 · I was just out of state last week and saw a billboard that goes something like CA has a tax of $1.55 (or something) extra per gallon vs 66 and 58 cents in AZ and TX. It was an …

Toyota Tacoma Forums - Tacoma World
Forum for Toyota Tacoma owners and enthusiasts, 4th gen through 1st gen. Discuss and ask questions. Show off your truck in the free gallery.

Considering a 2025 Tacoma?????? - Tacoma World
Oct 9, 2019 · 1st let me say I am a Tacomaholic, having had a 12, 15, 19 and a 22. Like an "IDIOT" i traded my 22 in on a 25 Honda CRV.

Knock off RSI Smartcap - Tacoma World
Feb 14, 2023 · I went down this rabbit hole when initially cap shopping, even emailing the guy. Bottom line, he's a drop shipper from CA imports them from Alibaba/China. They're junk. Save …

Five months RSI SmartCap review - Tacoma World
Dec 14, 2023 · Central Coast CA Vehicle: 6sp Manual TRD PRO - Lunar Rock '21 Evo A SmartCap, Cali Raised Sliders (0 degree), 2WD low Mod, Puddle Pods, 3 switch overhead panel, 8 slot …

Recommend Power steering fluid - Tacoma World
Jan 7, 2010 · Long Beach area, Ca Vehicle: 04 Tacoma Double Cab, 4WD, TRD Off-Road SC with 7th injector. ICON 2.5 shocks and coil overs, SPC UCA, EMU Dakar rear springs. FrontRunner …

OBDII error - No communication - Tacoma World
Apr 15, 2011 · CA Vehicle: 05 Dbl Cab 4x4 6" Fabtech with coilovers 33" nitto mud grapplers. Had the same thing happen ...

The cost of a decent paint job? - Tacoma World
Mar 21, 2018 · I have a regular cab 95.5 Tacoma. Just wondering how much one should spend on a decent paint job? P.S. The truck has no rust or dents.

Tire Size Calculator - Compare Tire Sizes - Tacoma World
Tire size calculator compares diameter, width, circumference and speedometer differences for any two tire sizes.

How to retouch paint CA License Plate..??? - Tacoma World
Oct 26, 2009 · CA Vehicle: 2012 DCSB PreRunner TRD Sport Bilstein 5100s all around, Toytec Eibach coils, Toytec 1.5" AAL, Light Racing UCAs, 285/70r17 Nitto Terra Grapplers, 17x9 Eagle …

CA Commercial Registration for all pick up trucks - Tacoma World
Jun 18, 2024 · I was just out of state last week and saw a billboard that goes something like CA has a tax of $1.55 (or something) extra per gallon vs 66 and 58 cents in AZ and TX. It was an …

Toyota Tacoma Forums - Tacoma World
Forum for Toyota Tacoma owners and enthusiasts, 4th gen through 1st gen. Discuss and ask questions. Show off your truck in the free gallery.

Considering a 2025 Tacoma?????? - Tacoma World
Oct 9, 2019 · 1st let me say I am a Tacomaholic, having had a 12, 15, 19 and a 22. Like an "IDIOT" i traded my 22 in on a 25 Honda CRV.

Knock off RSI Smartcap - Tacoma World
Feb 14, 2023 · I went down this rabbit hole when initially cap shopping, even emailing the guy. Bottom line, he's a drop shipper from CA imports them from Alibaba/China. They're junk. Save …

Five months RSI SmartCap review - Tacoma World
Dec 14, 2023 · Central Coast CA Vehicle: 6sp Manual TRD PRO - Lunar Rock '21 Evo A SmartCap, Cali Raised Sliders (0 degree), 2WD low Mod, Puddle Pods, 3 switch overhead panel, 8 slot …

Recommend Power steering fluid - Tacoma World
Jan 7, 2010 · Long Beach area, Ca Vehicle: 04 Tacoma Double Cab, 4WD, TRD Off-Road SC with 7th injector. ICON 2.5 shocks and coil overs, SPC UCA, EMU Dakar rear springs. FrontRunner …

OBDII error - No communication - Tacoma World
Apr 15, 2011 · CA Vehicle: 05 Dbl Cab 4x4 6" Fabtech with coilovers 33" nitto mud grapplers. Had the same thing happen ...

The cost of a decent paint job? - Tacoma World
Mar 21, 2018 · I have a regular cab 95.5 Tacoma. Just wondering how much one should spend on a decent paint job? P.S. The truck has no rust or dents.