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| calculate difference value hackerrank solution: Cracking the Coding Interview Gayle Laakmann McDowell, 2011 Now in the 5th edition, Cracking the Coding Interview gives you the interview preparation you need to get the top software developer jobs. This book provides: 150 Programming Interview Questions and Solutions: From binary trees to binary search, this list of 150 questions includes the most common and most useful questions in data structures, algorithms, and knowledge based questions. 5 Algorithm Approaches: Stop being blind-sided by tough algorithm questions, and learn these five approaches to tackle the trickiest problems. Behind the Scenes of the interview processes at Google, Amazon, Microsoft, Facebook, Yahoo, and Apple: Learn what really goes on during your interview day and how decisions get made. Ten Mistakes Candidates Make -- And How to Avoid Them: Don't lose your dream job by making these common mistakes. Learn what many candidates do wrong, and how to avoid these issues. Steps to Prepare for Behavioral and Technical Questions: Stop meandering through an endless set of questions, while missing some of the most important preparation techniques. Follow these steps to more thoroughly prepare in less time. |
| calculate difference value hackerrank solution: Guide to Competitive Programming Antti Laaksonen, 2018-01-02 This invaluable textbook presents a comprehensive introduction to modern competitive programming. The text highlights how competitive programming has proven to be an excellent way to learn algorithms, by encouraging the design of algorithms that actually work, stimulating the improvement of programming and debugging skills, and reinforcing the type of thinking required to solve problems in a competitive setting. The book contains many “folklore” algorithm design tricks that are known by experienced competitive programmers, yet which have previously only been formally discussed in online forums and blog posts. Topics and features: reviews the features of the C++ programming language, and describes how to create efficient algorithms that can quickly process large data sets; discusses sorting algorithms and binary search, and examines a selection of data structures of the C++ standard library; introduces the algorithm design technique of dynamic programming, and investigates elementary graph algorithms; covers such advanced algorithm design topics as bit-parallelism and amortized analysis, and presents a focus on efficiently processing array range queries; surveys specialized algorithms for trees, and discusses the mathematical topics that are relevant in competitive programming; examines advanced graph techniques, geometric algorithms, and string techniques; describes a selection of more advanced topics, including square root algorithms and dynamic programming optimization. This easy-to-follow guide is an ideal reference for all students wishing to learn algorithms, and practice for programming contests. Knowledge of the basics of programming is assumed, but previous background in algorithm design or programming contests is not necessary. Due to the broad range of topics covered at various levels of difficulty, this book is suitable for both beginners and more experienced readers. |
| calculate difference value hackerrank solution: Introduction To Algorithms Thomas H Cormen, Charles E Leiserson, Ronald L Rivest, Clifford Stein, 2001 An extensively revised edition of a mathematically rigorous yet accessible introduction to algorithms. |
| calculate difference value hackerrank solution: R for Data Science Hadley Wickham, Garrett Grolemund, 2016-12-12 Learn how to use R to turn raw data into insight, knowledge, and understanding. This book introduces you to R, RStudio, and the tidyverse, a collection of R packages designed to work together to make data science fast, fluent, and fun. Suitable for readers with no previous programming experience, R for Data Science is designed to get you doing data science as quickly as possible. Authors Hadley Wickham and Garrett Grolemund guide you through the steps of importing, wrangling, exploring, and modeling your data and communicating the results. You'll get a complete, big-picture understanding of the data science cycle, along with basic tools you need to manage the details. Each section of the book is paired with exercises to help you practice what you've learned along the way. You'll learn how to: Wrangle—transform your datasets into a form convenient for analysis Program—learn powerful R tools for solving data problems with greater clarity and ease Explore—examine your data, generate hypotheses, and quickly test them Model—provide a low-dimensional summary that captures true signals in your dataset Communicate—learn R Markdown for integrating prose, code, and results |
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| calculate difference value hackerrank solution: Think Like a Programmer V. Anton Spraul, 2012-08-12 The real challenge of programming isn't learning a language's syntax—it's learning to creatively solve problems so you can build something great. In this one-of-a-kind text, author V. Anton Spraul breaks down the ways that programmers solve problems and teaches you what other introductory books often ignore: how to Think Like a Programmer. Each chapter tackles a single programming concept, like classes, pointers, and recursion, and open-ended exercises throughout challenge you to apply your knowledge. You'll also learn how to: –Split problems into discrete components to make them easier to solve –Make the most of code reuse with functions, classes, and libraries –Pick the perfect data structure for a particular job –Master more advanced programming tools like recursion and dynamic memory –Organize your thoughts and develop strategies to tackle particular types of problems Although the book's examples are written in C++, the creative problem-solving concepts they illustrate go beyond any particular language; in fact, they often reach outside the realm of computer science. As the most skillful programmers know, writing great code is a creative art—and the first step in creating your masterpiece is learning to Think Like a Programmer. |
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| calculate difference value hackerrank solution: Constraint Processing Rina Dechter, 2003-05-05 Constraint reasoning has matured over the last three decades with contributions from a diverse community of researchers in artificial intelligence, databases and programming languages, operations research, management science, and applied mathematics. In Constraint Processing, Rina Dechter synthesizes these contributions, as well as her own significant work, to provide the first comprehensive examination of the theory that underlies constraint processing algorithms. |
| calculate difference value hackerrank solution: Python Projects for Beginners Connor P. Milliken, 2019-11-15 Immerse yourself in learning Python and introductory data analytics with this book’s project-based approach. Through the structure of a ten-week coding bootcamp course, you’ll learn key concepts and gain hands-on experience through weekly projects. Each chapter in this book is presented as a full week of topics, with Monday through Thursday covering specific concepts, leading up to Friday, when you are challenged to create a project using the skills learned throughout the week. Topics include Python basics and essential intermediate concepts such as list comprehension, generators and iterators, understanding algorithmic complexity, and data analysis with pandas. From beginning to end, this book builds up your abilities through exercises and challenges, culminating in your solid understanding of Python. Challenge yourself with the intensity of a coding bootcamp experience or learn at your own pace. With this hands-on learning approach, you will gain the skills you need to jumpstart a new career in programming or further your current one as a software developer. What You Will Learn Understand beginning and more advanced concepts of the Python languageBe introduced to data analysis using pandas, the Python Data Analysis libraryWalk through the process of interviewing and answering technical questionsCreate real-world applications with the Python languageLearn how to use Anaconda, Jupyter Notebooks, and the Python Shell Who This Book Is For Those trying to jumpstart a new career into programming, and those already in the software development industry and would like to learn Python programming. |
| calculate difference value hackerrank solution: Elements of Programming Interviews Adnan Aziz, Tsung-Hsien Lee, Amit Prakash, 2012 The core of EPI is a collection of over 300 problems with detailed solutions, including 100 figures, 250 tested programs, and 150 variants. The problems are representative of questions asked at the leading software companies. The book begins with a summary of the nontechnical aspects of interviewing, such as common mistakes, strategies for a great interview, perspectives from the other side of the table, tips on negotiating the best offer, and a guide to the best ways to use EPI. The technical core of EPI is a sequence of chapters on basic and advanced data structures, searching, sorting, broad algorithmic principles, concurrency, and system design. Each chapter consists of a brief review, followed by a broad and thought-provoking series of problems. We include a summary of data structure, algorithm, and problem solving patterns. |
| calculate difference value hackerrank solution: Getting Started with SQL Thomas Nield, 2016-02-11 Businesses are gathering data today at exponential rates and yet few people know how to access it meaningfully. If you’re a business or IT professional, this short hands-on guide teaches you how to pull and transform data with SQL in significant ways. You will quickly master the fundamentals of SQL and learn how to create your own databases. Author Thomas Nield provides exercises throughout the book to help you practice your newfound SQL skills at home, without having to use a database server environment. Not only will you learn how to use key SQL statements to find and manipulate your data, but you’ll also discover how to efficiently design and manage databases to meet your needs. You’ll also learn how to: Explore relational databases, including lightweight and centralized models Use SQLite and SQLiteStudio to create lightweight databases in minutes Query and transform data in meaningful ways by using SELECT, WHERE, GROUP BY, and ORDER BY Join tables to get a more complete view of your business data Build your own tables and centralized databases by using normalized design principles Manage data by learning how to INSERT, DELETE, and UPDATE records |
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| calculate difference value hackerrank solution: Dynamic Programming Art Lew, Holger Mauch, 2006-10-09 This book provides a practical introduction to computationally solving discrete optimization problems using dynamic programming. From the examples presented, readers should more easily be able to formulate dynamic programming solutions to their own problems of interest. We also provide and describe the design, implementation, and use of a software tool that has been used to numerically solve all of the problems presented earlier in the book. |
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| calculate difference value hackerrank solution: An Introduction to Analysis Robert C. Gunning, 2018-03-20 An essential undergraduate textbook on algebra, topology, and calculus An Introduction to Analysis is an essential primer on basic results in algebra, topology, and calculus for undergraduate students considering advanced degrees in mathematics. Ideal for use in a one-year course, this unique textbook also introduces students to rigorous proofs and formal mathematical writing--skills they need to excel. With a range of problems throughout, An Introduction to Analysis treats n-dimensional calculus from the beginning—differentiation, the Riemann integral, series, and differential forms and Stokes's theorem—enabling students who are serious about mathematics to progress quickly to more challenging topics. The book discusses basic material on point set topology, such as normed and metric spaces, topological spaces, compact sets, and the Baire category theorem. It covers linear algebra as well, including vector spaces, linear mappings, Jordan normal form, bilinear mappings, and normal mappings. Proven in the classroom, An Introduction to Analysis is the first textbook to bring these topics together in one easy-to-use and comprehensive volume. Provides a rigorous introduction to calculus in one and several variables Introduces students to basic topology Covers topics in linear algebra, including matrices, determinants, Jordan normal form, and bilinear and normal mappings Discusses differential forms and Stokes's theorem in n dimensions Also covers the Riemann integral, integrability, improper integrals, and series expansions |
| calculate difference value hackerrank solution: How to Design Programs, second edition Matthias Felleisen, Robert Bruce Findler, Matthew Flatt, Shriram Krishnamurthi, 2018-05-25 A completely revised edition, offering new design recipes for interactive programs and support for images as plain values, testing, event-driven programming, and even distributed programming. This introduction to programming places computer science at the core of a liberal arts education. Unlike other introductory books, it focuses on the program design process, presenting program design guidelines that show the reader how to analyze a problem statement, how to formulate concise goals, how to make up examples, how to develop an outline of the solution, how to finish the program, and how to test it. Because learning to design programs is about the study of principles and the acquisition of transferable skills, the text does not use an off-the-shelf industrial language but presents a tailor-made teaching language. For the same reason, it offers DrRacket, a programming environment for novices that supports playful, feedback-oriented learning. The environment grows with readers as they master the material in the book until it supports a full-fledged language for the whole spectrum of programming tasks. This second edition has been completely revised. While the book continues to teach a systematic approach to program design, the second edition introduces different design recipes for interactive programs with graphical interfaces and batch programs. It also enriches its design recipes for functions with numerous new hints. Finally, the teaching languages and their IDE now come with support for images as plain values, testing, event-driven programming, and even distributed programming. |
| calculate difference value hackerrank solution: Python Programming and Numerical Methods Qingkai Kong, Timmy Siauw, Alexandre Bayen, 2020-11-27 Python Programming and Numerical Methods: A Guide for Engineers and Scientists introduces programming tools and numerical methods to engineering and science students, with the goal of helping the students to develop good computational problem-solving techniques through the use of numerical methods and the Python programming language. Part One introduces fundamental programming concepts, using simple examples to put new concepts quickly into practice. Part Two covers the fundamentals of algorithms and numerical analysis at a level that allows students to quickly apply results in practical settings. - Includes tips, warnings and try this features within each chapter to help the reader develop good programming practice - Summaries at the end of each chapter allow for quick access to important information - Includes code in Jupyter notebook format that can be directly run online |
| calculate difference value hackerrank solution: Art and Science of Java Eric Roberts, 2013-07-17 In The Art and Science of Java, Stanford professor and well-known leader in Computer Science Education Eric Roberts emphasizes the reader-friendly exposition that led to the success of The Art and Science of C. By following the recommendations of the Association of Computing Machinery's Java Task Force, this first edition text adopts a modern objects-first approach that introduces readers to useful hierarchies from the very beginning. Introduction; Programming by Example; Expressions; Statement Forms; Methods; Objects and Classes; Objects and Memory; Strings and Characters; Object-Oriented Graphics; Event-Driven Programs; Arrays and ArrayLists; Searching and Sorting; Collection Classes; Looking Ahead. A modern objects-first approach to the Java programming language that introduces readers to useful class hierarchies from the very beginning. |
| calculate difference value hackerrank solution: Programming Challenges Steven S Skiena, Miguel A. Revilla, 2006-04-18 There are many distinct pleasures associated with computer programming. Craftsmanship has its quiet rewards, the satisfaction that comes from building a useful object and making it work. Excitement arrives with the flash of insight that cracks a previously intractable problem. The spiritual quest for elegance can turn the hacker into an artist. There are pleasures in parsimony, in squeezing the last drop of performance out of clever algorithms and tight coding. The games, puzzles, and challenges of problems from international programming competitions are a great way to experience these pleasures while improving your algorithmic and coding skills. This book contains over 100 problems that have appeared in previous programming contests, along with discussions of the theory and ideas necessary to attack them. Instant online grading for all of these problems is available from two WWW robot judging sites. Combining this book with a judge gives an exciting new way to challenge and improve your programming skills. This book can be used for self-study, for teaching innovative courses in algorithms and programming, and in training for international competition. The problems in this book have been selected from over 1,000 programming problems at the Universidad de Valladolid online judge. The judge has ruled on well over one million submissions from 27,000 registered users around the world to date. We have taken only the best of the best, the most fun, exciting, and interesting problems available. |
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| calculate difference value hackerrank solution: R Programming for Data Science Roger D. Peng, 2012-04-19 Data science has taken the world by storm. Every field of study and area of business has been affected as people increasingly realize the value of the incredible quantities of data being generated. But to extract value from those data, one needs to be trained in the proper data science skills. The R programming language has become the de facto programming language for data science. Its flexibility, power, sophistication, and expressiveness have made it an invaluable tool for data scientists around the world. This book is about the fundamentals of R programming. You will get started with the basics of the language, learn how to manipulate datasets, how to write functions, and how to debug and optimize code. With the fundamentals provided in this book, you will have a solid foundation on which to build your data science toolbox. |
| calculate difference value hackerrank solution: Computational Intelligence Andries P. Engelbrecht, 2007-10-22 Computational Intelligence: An Introduction, Second Edition offers an in-depth exploration into the adaptive mechanisms that enable intelligent behaviour in complex and changing environments. The main focus of this text is centred on the computational modelling of biological and natural intelligent systems, encompassing swarm intelligence, fuzzy systems, artificial neutral networks, artificial immune systems and evolutionary computation. Engelbrecht provides readers with a wide knowledge of Computational Intelligence (CI) paradigms and algorithms; inviting readers to implement and problem solve real-world, complex problems within the CI development framework. This implementation framework will enable readers to tackle new problems without any difficulty through a single Java class as part of the CI library. Key features of this second edition include: A tutorial, hands-on based presentation of the material. State-of-the-art coverage of the most recent developments in computational intelligence with more elaborate discussions on intelligence and artificial intelligence (AI). New discussion of Darwinian evolution versus Lamarckian evolution, also including swarm robotics, hybrid systems and artificial immune systems. A section on how to perform empirical studies; topics including statistical analysis of stochastic algorithms, and an open source library of CI algorithms. Tables, illustrations, graphs, examples, assignments, Java code implementing the algorithms, and a complete CI implementation and experimental framework. Computational Intelligence: An Introduction, Second Edition is essential reading for third and fourth year undergraduate and postgraduate students studying CI. The first edition has been prescribed by a number of overseas universities and is thus a valuable teaching tool. In addition, it will also be a useful resource for researchers in Computational Intelligence and Artificial Intelligence, as well as engineers, statisticians, operational researchers, and bioinformaticians with an interest in applying AI or CI to solve problems in their domains. Check out http://www.ci.cs.up.ac.za for examples, assignments and Java code implementing the algorithms. |
| calculate difference value hackerrank solution: Quant Job Interview Questions and Answers Mark Joshi, Nick Denson, Nicholas Denson, Andrew Downes, 2013 The quant job market has never been tougher. Extensive preparation is essential. Expanding on the successful first edition, this second edition has been updated to reflect the latest questions asked. It now provides over 300 interview questions taken from actual interviews in the City and Wall Street. Each question comes with a full detailed solution, discussion of what the interviewer is seeking and possible follow-up questions. Topics covered include option pricing, probability, mathematics, numerical algorithms and C++, as well as a discussion of the interview process and the non-technical interview. All three authors have worked as quants and they have done many interviews from both sides of the desk. Mark Joshi has written many papers and books including the very successful introductory textbook, The Concepts and Practice of Mathematical Finance. |
| calculate difference value hackerrank solution: Data Structures and Algorithms Made Easy CareerMonk Publications, Narasimha Karumanchi, 2008-05-05 Data Structures And Algorithms Made Easy: Data Structure And Algorithmic Puzzles is a book that offers solutions to complex data structures and algorithms. There are multiple solutions for each problem and the book is coded in C/C++, it comes handy as an interview and exam guide for computer... |
| calculate difference value hackerrank solution: Programming Pearls Jon Bentley, 2016-04-21 When programmers list their favorite books, Jon Bentley’s collection of programming pearls is commonly included among the classics. Just as natural pearls grow from grains of sand that irritate oysters, programming pearls have grown from real problems that have irritated real programmers. With origins beyond solid engineering, in the realm of insight and creativity, Bentley’s pearls offer unique and clever solutions to those nagging problems. Illustrated by programs designed as much for fun as for instruction, the book is filled with lucid and witty descriptions of practical programming techniques and fundamental design principles. It is not at all surprising that Programming Pearls has been so highly valued by programmers at every level of experience. In this revision, the first in 14 years, Bentley has substantially updated his essays to reflect current programming methods and environments. In addition, there are three new essays on testing, debugging, and timing set representations string problems All the original programs have been rewritten, and an equal amount of new code has been generated. Implementations of all the programs, in C or C++, are now available on the Web. What remains the same in this new edition is Bentley’s focus on the hard core of programming problems and his delivery of workable solutions to those problems. Whether you are new to Bentley’s classic or are revisiting his work for some fresh insight, the book is sure to make your own list of favorites. |
| calculate difference value hackerrank solution: Learning Java Through Games Lubomir Stanchev, 2013-11-12 Learning Java Through Games teaches students how to use the different features of the Java language as well as how to program. Suitable for self-study or as part of a two-course introduction to programming, the book covers as much material as possible from the latest Java standard while requiring no previous programming experience. Taking an applic |
| calculate difference value hackerrank solution: Wingless Flight R. Dale Reed, Darlene Lister, Much has been written about the famous conflicts and battlegrounds of the East during the American Revolution. Perhaps less familiar, but equally important and exciting, was the war on the western frontier, where Ohio Valley settlers fought for the land they had claimed -- and for their very lives. George Rogers Clark stepped forward to organize the local militias into a united front that would defend the western frontier from Indian attacks. Clark was one of the few people who saw the importance of the West in the war effort as a whole, and he persuaded Virginia's government to lend support to his efforts. As a result Clark was able to cross the Ohio, saving that part of the frontier from further raids. Lowell Harrison captures the excitement of this vital part of American history while giving a complete view of George Rogers Clark's significant achievements. Lowell H. Harrison, is a professor emeritus of history at Western Kentucky University and is the author or co-author of numerous books, including Lincoln of Kentucky, A New History of Kentucky, and Kentucky's Governors. |
| calculate difference value hackerrank solution: Data Science Solutions Manav Sehgal, 2017-02-07 The field of data science, big data, machine learning, and artificial intelligence is exciting and complex at the same time. Data science is also rapidly growing with new tools, technologies, algorithms, datasets, and use cases. For a beginner in this field, the learning curve can be fairly daunting. This is where this book helps. The data science solutions book provides a repeatable, robust, and reliable framework to apply the right-fit workflows, strategies, tools, APIs, and domain for your data science projects. This book takes a solutions focused approach to data science. Each chapter meets an end-to-end objective of solving for data science workflow or technology requirements. At the end of each chapter you either complete a data science tools pipeline or write a fully functional coding project meeting your data science workflow requirements. SEVEN STAGES OF DATA SCIENCE SOLUTIONS WORKFLOW Every chapter in this book will go through one or more of these seven stages of data science solutions workflow. STAGE 1: Question. Problem. Solution. Before starting a data science project we must ask relevant questions specific to our project domain and datasets. We may answer or solve these during the course of our project. Think of these questions-solutions as the key requirements for our data science project. Here are some templates that can be used to frame questions for our data science projects. Can we classify an entity based on given features if our data science model is trained on certain number of samples with similar features related to specific classes?Do the samples, in a given dataset, cluster in specific classes based on similar or correlated features?Can our machine learning model recognise and classify new inputs based on prior training on a sample of similar inputs?STAGE 2: Acquire. Search. Create. Catalog.This stage involves data acquisition strategies including searching for datasets on popular data sources or internally within your organisation. We may also create a dataset based on external or internal data sources. The acquire stage may feedback to the question stage, refining our problem and solution definition based on the constraints and characteristics of the acquired datasets. STAGE 3: Wrangle. Prepare. Cleanse.The data wrangle phase prepares and cleanses our datasets for our project goals. This workflow stage starts by importing a dataset, exploring the dataset for its features and available samples, preparing the dataset using appropriate data types and data structures, and optionally cleansing the data set for creating model training and solution testing samples. The wrangle stage may circle back to the acquire stage to identify complementary datasets to combine and complete the existing dataset. STAGE 4: Analyse. Patterns. Explore.The analyse phase explores the given datasets to determine patterns, correlations, classification, and nature of the dataset. This helps determine choice of model algorithms and strategies that may work best on the dataset. The analyse stage may also visualize the dataset to determine such patterns. STAGE 5: Model. Predict. Solve.The model stage uses prediction and solution algorithms to train on a given dataset and apply this training to solve for a given problem. STAGE 6: Visualize. Report. Present.The visualization stage can help data wrangling, analysis, and modeling stages. Data can be visualized using charts and plots suiting the characteristics of the dataset and the desired results.Visualization stage may also provide the inputs for the supply stage.STAGE 7: Supply. Products. Services.Once we are ready to monetize our data science solution or derive further return on investment from our projects, we need to think about distribution and data supply chain. This stage circles back to the acquisition stage. In fact we are acquiring data from someone else's data supply chain. |
| calculate difference value hackerrank solution: Flexbox in CSS Estelle Weyl, 2017-05-25 Layout designers rejoice: CSS finally has an update that will make your lives easier. Flexible box layout, often called Flexbox, frees you from the challenges of creating layouts with floats and padding? and lets you specify containers and their contents instead. The new model means you can specify the directions in which material flows, how content wraps, and the ways components can expand to fill a space. Whether you've been creating large sites or small, fixed sites or responsive sites, flexbox will simplify your work. |
| calculate difference value hackerrank solution: C# 3.0 Design Patterns Judith Bishop, 2007-12-10 If you want to speed up the development of your .NET applications, you're ready for C# design patterns -- elegant, accepted and proven ways to tackle common programming problems. This practical guide offers you a clear introduction to the classic object-oriented design patterns, and explains how to use the latest features of C# 3.0 to code them. C# Design Patterns draws on new C# 3.0 language and .NET 3.5 framework features to implement the 23 foundational patterns known to working developers. You get plenty of case studies that reveal how each pattern is used in practice, and an insightful comparison of patterns and where they would be best used or combined. This well-organized and illustrated book includes: An explanation of design patterns and why they're used, with tables and guidelines to help you choose one pattern over another Illustrated coverage of each classic Creational, Structural, and Behavioral design pattern, including its representation in UML and the roles of its various players C# 3.0 features introduced by example and summarized in sidebars for easy reference Examples of each pattern at work in a real .NET 3.5 program available for download from O'Reilly and the author's companion web site Quizzes and exercises to test your understanding of the material. With C# 3.0 Design Patterns, you learn to make code correct, extensible and efficient to save time up front and eliminate problems later. If your business relies on efficient application development and quality code, you need C# Design Patterns. |
| calculate difference value hackerrank solution: Hacker's Delight Henry S. Warren, 2013 Compiles programming hacks intended to help computer programmers build more efficient software, in an updated edition that covers cyclic redundancy checking and new algorithms and that includes exercises with answers. |
| calculate difference value hackerrank solution: Measuring the Digital Transformation A Roadmap for the Future OECD, 2019-03-11 Measuring the Digital Transformation: A Roadmap for the Future provides new insights into the state of the digital transformation by mapping indicators across a range of areas – from education and innovation, to trade and economic and social outcomes – against current digital policy issues, as presented in Going Digital: Shaping Policies, Improving Lives. |
| calculate difference value hackerrank solution: Competitive Programming 2 Steven Halim, Felix Halim, 2011 |
| calculate difference value hackerrank solution: A Course in Game Theory Martin J. Osborne, Ariel Rubinstein, 1994-07-12 A Course in Game Theory presents the main ideas of game theory at a level suitable for graduate students and advanced undergraduates, emphasizing the theory's foundations and interpretations of its basic concepts. The authors provide precise definitions and full proofs of results, sacrificing generalities and limiting the scope of the material in order to do so. The text is organized in four parts: strategic games, extensive games with perfect information, extensive games with imperfect information, and coalitional games. It includes over 100 exercises. |
| calculate difference value hackerrank solution: Algorithms and Data Structures Niklaus Wirth, 1986 |
| calculate difference value hackerrank solution: Concepts and Techniques in Genomics and Proteomics N Saraswathy, P Ramalingam, 2011-07-01 Concepts and techniques in genomics and proteomics covers the important concepts of high-throughput modern techniques used in the genomics and proteomics field. Each technique is explained with its underlying concepts, and simple line diagrams and flow charts are included to aid understanding and memory. A summary of key points precedes each chapter within the book, followed by detailed description in the subsections. Each subsection concludes with suggested relevant original references. - Provides definitions for key concepts - Case studies are included to illustrate ideas - Important points to remember are noted |
| calculate difference value hackerrank solution: Dynamic Programming for Coding Interviews Meenakshi, Kamal Rawat, 2017-01-18 I wanted to compute 80th term of the Fibonacci series. I wrote the rampant recursive function, int fib(int n){ return (1==n || 2==n) ? 1 : fib(n-1) + fib(n-2); } and waited for the result. I wait… and wait… and wait… With an 8GB RAM and an Intel i5 CPU, why is it taking so long? I terminated the process and tried computing the 40th term. It took about a second. I put a check and was shocked to find that the above recursive function was called 204,668,309 times while computing the 40th term. More than 200 million times? Is it reporting function calls or scam of some government? The Dynamic Programming solution computes 100th Fibonacci term in less than fraction of a second, with a single function call, taking linear time and constant extra memory. A recursive solution, usually, neither pass all test cases in a coding competition, nor does it impress the interviewer in an interview of company like Google, Microsoft, etc. The most difficult questions asked in competitions and interviews, are from dynamic programming. This book takes Dynamic Programming head-on. It first explain the concepts with simple examples and then deep dives into complex DP problems. |
| calculate difference value hackerrank solution: Statistical Methods for Machine Learning Jason Brownlee, 2018-05-30 Statistics is a pillar of machine learning. You cannot develop a deep understanding and application of machine learning without it. Cut through the equations, Greek letters, and confusion, and discover the topics in statistics that you need to know. Using clear explanations, standard Python libraries, and step-by-step tutorial lessons, you will discover the importance of statistical methods to machine learning, summary stats, hypothesis testing, nonparametric stats, resampling methods, and much more. |
| calculate difference value hackerrank solution: Top 20 coding interview problems asked in Google with solutions Lin Quan, 2014-02-07 Must Have for Google Aspirants !!! This book is written for helping people prepare for Google Coding Interview. It contains top 20 programming problems frequently asked @Google with detailed worked-out solutions both in pseudo-code and C++(and C++11). Matching Nuts and Bolts OptimallySearching two-dimensional sorted arrayLowest Common Ancestor(LCA) ProblemMax Sub-Array ProblemCompute Next Higher Number2D Binary SearchString Edit DistanceSearching in Two Dimensional SequenceSelect Kth Smallest ElementSearching in Possibly Empty Two Dimensional SequenceThe Celebrity ProblemSwitch and Bulb ProblemInterpolation SearchThe Majority ProblemThe Plateau ProblemSegment ProblemsEfficient PermutationThe Non-Crooks ProblemMedian Search ProblemMissing Integer Problem |
| calculate difference value hackerrank solution: Competitive Programming in Python Christoph Dürr, Jill-Jênn Vie, 2020-12-17 Want to kill it at your job interview in the tech industry? Want to win that coding competition? Learn all the algorithmic techniques and programming skills you need from two experienced coaches, problem setters, and jurors for coding competitions. The authors highlight the versatility of each algorithm by considering a variety of problems and show how to implement algorithms in simple and efficient code. Readers can expect to master 128 algorithms in Python and discover the right way to tackle a problem and quickly implement a solution of low complexity. Classic problems like Dijkstra's shortest path algorithm and Knuth-Morris-Pratt's string matching algorithm are featured alongside lesser known data structures like Fenwick trees and Knuth's dancing links. The book provides a framework to tackle algorithmic problem solving, including: Definition, Complexity, Applications, Algorithm, Key Information, Implementation, Variants, In Practice, and Problems. Python code included in the book and on the companion website. |
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Calculator.net's sole focus is to provide fast, comprehensive, convenient, free online calculators in a plethora of areas. Currently, we have around 200 calculators to help you "do the math" …
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