Cons Of Learning A Second Language

  cons of learning a second language: How to Improve Your Foreign Language Immediately Boris Shekhtman, 2003 This book provides a unique set of tools designed to enhance an individual's success in communicati0n in a foreign language environment. The devices presented allow the speaker of a foreign language to demonstrate the level of his/her language more impressively. These techniques were developed and tested by the author with adult professionals in such varied fields as journalism, diplomacy, government, and international business.
  cons of learning a second language: Why You Need a Foreign Language & how to Learn One Edward Trimnell, 2005 The first half of this book examines the commercial, social, and political implications of American monolingualism. The second half of the book explores the techniques and tools that a working professional can use to acqure functional skills in a new language.--Back cover.
  cons of learning a second language: The Way of the Linguist Steve Kaufmann, 2005-11 The Way of The Linguist, A language learning odyssey. It is now a cliché that the world is a smaller place. We think nothing of jumping on a plane to travel to another country or continent. The most exotic locations are now destinations for mass tourism. Small business people are dealing across frontiers and language barriers like never before. The Internet brings different languages and cultures to our finger-tips. English, the hybrid language of an island at the western extremity of Europe seems to have an unrivalled position as an international medium of communication. But historically periods of cultural and economic domination have never lasted forever. Do we not lose something by relying on the wide spread use of English rather than discovering other languages and cultures? As citizens of this shrunken world, would we not be better off if we were able to speak a few languages other than our own? The answer is obviously yes. Certainly Steve Kaufmann thinks so, and in his busy life as a diplomat and businessman he managed to learn to speak nine languages fluently and observe first hand some of the dominant cultures of Europe and Asia. Why do not more people do the same? In his book The Way of The Linguist, A language learning odyssey, Steve offers some answers. Steve feels anyone can learn a language if they want to. He points out some of the obstacles that hold people back. Drawing on his adventures in Europe and Asia, as a student and businessman, he describes the rewards that come from knowing languages. He relates his evolution as a language learner, abroad and back in his native Canada and explains the kind of attitude that will enable others to achieve second language fluency. Many people have taken on the challenge of language learning but have been frustrated by their lack of success. This book offers detailed advice on the kind of study practices that will achieve language breakthroughs. Steve has developed a language learning system available online at: www.thelinguist.com.
  cons of learning a second language: Fluent Forever Gabriel Wyner, 2014-08-05 NATIONAL BESTSELLER • For anyone who wants to learn a foreign language, this is the method that will finally make the words stick. “A brilliant and thoroughly modern guide to learning new languages.”—Gary Marcus, cognitive psychologist and author of the New York Times bestseller Guitar Zero At thirty years old, Gabriel Wyner speaks six languages fluently. He didn’t learn them in school—who does? Rather, he learned them in the past few years, working on his own and practicing on the subway, using simple techniques and free online resources—and here he wants to show others what he’s discovered. Starting with pronunciation, you’ll learn how to rewire your ears and turn foreign sounds into familiar sounds. You’ll retrain your tongue to produce those sounds accurately, using tricks from opera singers and actors. Next, you’ll begin to tackle words, and connect sounds and spellings to imagery rather than translations, which will enable you to think in a foreign language. And with the help of sophisticated spaced-repetition techniques, you’ll be able to memorize hundreds of words a month in minutes every day. This is brain hacking at its most exciting, taking what we know about neuroscience and linguistics and using it to create the most efficient and enjoyable way to learn a foreign language in the spare minutes of your day.
  cons of learning a second language: Understanding Second Language Learning Difficulties Madeline E. Ehrman, 1996-09-26 Ehrman presents the insights, techniques and skills needed to understand why some adult students have difficulties with learning a second language, emphasising the importance of careful investigation and correct diagnosis of the cause.
  cons of learning a second language: Dyslexia and Foreign Language Learning Elke Schneider, Margaret Crombie, 2012-07-26 Offering strategies and techniques for teaching modern foreign languages - an often severely challenging subject for pupils with dyslexia - this book is specifically designed to meet the needs of the busy subject specialist teacher looking for guidance on supporting pupils.
  cons of learning a second language: Second Language Acquisition and Task-Based Language Teaching Mike Long, 2014-07-31 This book offers an in-depth explanation of Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) and the methods necessary to implement it in the language classroom successfully. Combines a survey of theory and research in instructed second language acquisition (ISLA) with insights from language teaching and the philosophy of education Details best practice for TBLT programs, including discussion of learner needs and means analysis; syllabus design; materials writing; choice of methodological principles and pedagogic procedures; criterion-referenced, task-based performance assessment; and program evaluation Written by an esteemed scholar of second language acquisition with over 30 years of research and classroom experience Considers diffusion of innovation in education and the potential impact of TBLT on foreign and second language learning
  cons of learning a second language: First Language Attrition Monika S. Schmid, Barbara Köpke, 2013-05-22 This volume consists of a collection of papers that focus on structural/grammatical aspects of the process of first language attrition. It presents an overview of current research, methodological issues and important questions regarding first language attrition. In particular, it addresses the two most prominent issues in current L1 attrition research: Can attrition effects impact on features of core syntax, or are they limited to interface phenomena?, and; What is the role of age at onset (pre-/post-puberty) in this regard? By investigating attrition in a variety of settings, from a case study of a Spanish-speaking adoptee in the US to an empirical investigation of more than 50 long-term attriters of Turkish in the Netherlands, the investigations presented take a new perspective on these issues. Originally published in Language, Interaction and Acquisition - Langage, Interaction et Acquisition 2:2 (2011).
  cons of learning a second language: The U.S. Foreign Language Deficit Kathleen Stein-Smith, 2016-08-24 This volume explores why Americans are among the least likely in the world to speak another language and how this U.S. foreign language deficit negatively impacts national and economic security, business and career prospects. Stein-Smith exposes how individuals are disadvantaged through their inability to effectively navigate the global workplace and multicultural communities, how their career options are limited by the foreign language deficit, and even how their ability to enjoy travel abroad and cultural pursuits is diminished. Through exploring the impact of the U.S. foreign language deficit, the author speaks to the stakeholders and partners in the campaign for foreign languages, offering guidance on what can and should be done to address it. She examines the next steps needed to develop specific career pathways that will meet the current and future needs of government, business, and industry, and empower foreign language learners through curriculum and career preparation.
  cons of learning a second language: AFFECT IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE AND SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING Dolly J. Young, 1999 Affect in Foreign Language and Second Language Learning offers high school and college/university second language teachers, or teachers-in-training, practical suggestions for creating activities that take into account learner anxieties, frustrations or discomfort in the language learning process. The objective of the book is to offer concrete instructional approaches for language learning that are rooted in second language acquisition research and, at the same time, that promote a low-anxiety classroom environment. The authors of each chapter are specialists in specific areas of language learning and their essays, composed specifically for this volume, lay the groundwork for continued research on affect in language learning. This text is part of the McGraw-Hill Second Language Professional Series, edited by James F. Lee and Bill VanPatten.
  cons of learning a second language: How to Learn a Foreign Language Paul Pimsleur, 2013-10 In this entertaining and groundbreaking book, Dr. Paul Pimsleur, creator of the renowned Pimsleur Method, the world leader in audio-based language learning, shows how anyone can learn to speak a foreign language. If learning a language in high school left you bruised, with a sense that there was no way you can learn another language, How to Learn a Foreign Language will restore your sense of hope. In simple, straightforward terms, Dr. Pimsleur will help you learn grammar (seamlessly), vocabulary, and how to practice pronunciation (and come out sounding like a native). The key is the simplicity and directness of Pimsleur’s approach to a daunting subject, breaking it down piece by piece, demystifying the process along the way. Dr. Pimsleur draws on his own language learning trials and tribulations offering practical advice for overcoming the obstacles so many of us face. Originally published in 1980, How to Learn a Foreign Language is now available on the 50th anniversary of Dr. Pimsleur’s publication of the first of his first audio courses that embodied the concepts and methods found here. It's a fascinating glimpse into the inner workings of the mind of this amazing pioneer of language learning.
  cons of learning a second language: Learning to Learn in a Second Language Pauline Gibbons, 1993 The book is based on the assumption that the classroom program is a major resource for language development, and that a responsive program takes into account the fact that children are not only learning a new language, but that they are learning in that language as well.
  cons of learning a second language: Higher Education and Second Language Learning Rosario Hernández, Paul Rankin, 2015 In this volume, academics involved in teaching second languages at university level describe how they have embraced the challenges involved in facilitating student learning. It sets out practical ideas which can be implemented in everyday contexts, while ensuring that pedagogical practice is underpinned by the relevant theoretical literature.
  cons of learning a second language: Second Language Learning Motivation in a European Context: The Case of Hungary Kata Csizér, 2021-01-04 This book provides an overview of second language (L2) motivation research in a specific European context: Hungary, which has proved to offer an important laboratory for such research, as a number of major political changes over the past 30 years have created a changing background for L2 learning in an increasingly globalized world. The book provides an overview of theoretical research on L2 motivation, together with detailed information on large-scale L2 motivation studies in Hungary. Further, it presents a meta-analysis of the most important investigations, and qualitative data on teachers’ views regarding success in L2 learning. In turn, the interdisciplinary nature of L2 motivation is taken into account and relevant antecedent constructs to L2 motivation are investigated. Lastly, the book outlines possible future directions for L2 motivation research.
  cons of learning a second language: Book Fiesta! Pat Mora, 2009-03-10 Take a ride in a long submarine or fly away in a hot air balloon. Whatever you do, just be sure to bring your favorite book! Rafael López's colorful illustrations perfectly complement Pat Mora's lilting text in this delightful celebration of El día de los niños/El día de los libros; Children's Day/Book Day. Toon! Toon! Includes a letter from the author and suggestions for celebrating El día de los niños/El día de los libros; Children's Day/Book Day. Pasea por el mar en un largo submarino o viaja lejos en un globo aerostático. No importa lo que hagas, ¡no olvides traer tu libro preferido! Las coloridas ilustraciones de Rafael López complementan perfectamente el texto rítmico de Pat Mora en esta encantadora celebración de El día de los niños/El día de los libros. ¡Tun! ¡Tun! Incluye una carta de la autora y sugerencias para celebrar El día de los niños/El día de los libros. The author will donate a portion of the proceeds from this book to literacy initiatives related to Children's Day/Book Day. La autora donará una porción de las ganancias de este libro a programas para fomentar la alfabetización relacionados con El día de los niños/El día de los libros.
  cons of learning a second language: Second Language Learning and Language Teaching Vivian Cook, 2016-05-05 Second Language Learning and Language Teaching provides an introduction to the application of second language acquisition research to language teaching. Assuming no previous background in second language acquisition or language teaching methods, this text starts by introducing readers to the basic issues of second language acquisition research. It then examines how people learn particular aspects of the second language, such as grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation and the writing system, and at the strategies they adopt in their learning and the differences between individuals. Final chapters look at second language learning in a broader context – the goals of language teaching and how teaching methods relate to SLA research. This newly updated fifth edition builds on the comprehensive scope of earlier editions while also addressing more recent developments in the field, particularly multilingual approaches to language teaching.
  cons of learning a second language: Learning a Second Language Through Interaction , 1999-01-01 This text examines different perspectives on the role that interaction plays in second language acquisition. In addition the effects of language aptitude on input processing are considered, and the contribution that interaction makes to the acquisition of grammatical knowledge is discussed.
  cons of learning a second language: Second Language Learning Through Cooperative Learning Julie High, 1993 Introduction. Foundations : language learning through cooperative learning -- Structures -- Social roles -- Getting to know you -- Making words mine -- Guided grammar experiences -- Writing skills -- Lesson designs -- References & resources
  cons of learning a second language: The Power of Babel John McWhorter, 2003-01-07 There are approximately six thousand languages on Earth today, each a descendant of the tongue first spoken by Homo sapiens some 150,000 years ago. While laying out how languages mix and mutate over time, linguistics professor John McWhorter reminds us of the variety within the species that speaks them, and argues that, contrary to popular perception, language is not immutable and hidebound, but a living, dynamic entity that adapts itself to an ever-changing human environment. Full of humor and imaginative insight, The Power of Babel draws its illustrative examples from languages around the world, including pidgins, Creoles, and nonstandard dialects.
  cons of learning a second language: Lexical Issues in Language Learning Birgit Harley, 1995 The empirical studies in this text address key issues in the development and use of vocabulary by child bilinguals and older second-language learners. The thematic focus in this collection of articles is on the assessment of lexical development in bilinguals at different points in the lifespan.
  cons of learning a second language: Deep Learning for Coders with fastai and PyTorch Jeremy Howard, Sylvain Gugger, 2020-06-29 Deep learning is often viewed as the exclusive domain of math PhDs and big tech companies. But as this hands-on guide demonstrates, programmers comfortable with Python can achieve impressive results in deep learning with little math background, small amounts of data, and minimal code. How? With fastai, the first library to provide a consistent interface to the most frequently used deep learning applications. Authors Jeremy Howard and Sylvain Gugger, the creators of fastai, show you how to train a model on a wide range of tasks using fastai and PyTorch. You’ll also dive progressively further into deep learning theory to gain a complete understanding of the algorithms behind the scenes. Train models in computer vision, natural language processing, tabular data, and collaborative filtering Learn the latest deep learning techniques that matter most in practice Improve accuracy, speed, and reliability by understanding how deep learning models work Discover how to turn your models into web applications Implement deep learning algorithms from scratch Consider the ethical implications of your work Gain insight from the foreword by PyTorch cofounder, Soumith Chintala
  cons of learning a second language: Polyglot: How I Learn Languages Kat— Lomb, 2008-01-01 KAT LOMB (1909-2003) was one of the great polyglots of the 20th century. A translator and one of the first simultaneous interpreters in the world, Lomb worked in 16 languages for state and business concerns in her native Hungary. She achieved further fame by writing books on languages, interpreting, and polyglots. Polyglot: How I Learn Languages, first published in 1970, is a collection of anecdotes and reflections on language learning. Because Dr. Lomb learned her languages as an adult, after getting a PhD in chemistry, the methods she used will be of particular interest to adult learners who want to master a foreign language.
  cons of learning a second language: The Rust Programming Language (Covers Rust 2018) Steve Klabnik, Carol Nichols, 2019-09-03 The official book on the Rust programming language, written by the Rust development team at the Mozilla Foundation, fully updated for Rust 2018. The Rust Programming Language is the official book on Rust: an open source systems programming language that helps you write faster, more reliable software. Rust offers control over low-level details (such as memory usage) in combination with high-level ergonomics, eliminating the hassle traditionally associated with low-level languages. The authors of The Rust Programming Language, members of the Rust Core Team, share their knowledge and experience to show you how to take full advantage of Rust's features--from installation to creating robust and scalable programs. You'll begin with basics like creating functions, choosing data types, and binding variables and then move on to more advanced concepts, such as: Ownership and borrowing, lifetimes, and traits Using Rust's memory safety guarantees to build fast, safe programs Testing, error handling, and effective refactoring Generics, smart pointers, multithreading, trait objects, and advanced pattern matching Using Cargo, Rust's built-in package manager, to build, test, and document your code and manage dependencies How best to use Rust's advanced compiler with compiler-led programming techniques You'll find plenty of code examples throughout the book, as well as three chapters dedicated to building complete projects to test your learning: a number guessing game, a Rust implementation of a command line tool, and a multithreaded server. New to this edition: An extended section on Rust macros, an expanded chapter on modules, and appendixes on Rust development tools and editions.
  cons of learning a second language: Debates in Second Language Education Ernesto Macaro, Robert Woore, 2021-11-29 Debates in Second Language Education provides an up-to-date account of the key debates and areas of controversy in the field of second language learning and teaching. Adopting a broad and comparative perspective and emphasising the importance of considering a variety of learning contexts, it encourages students and practising teachers to engage with contemporary issues and developments in learning and teaching. Chapters are designed to stimulate thinking and understanding in relation to theory and practice, and help language educators to make informed judgements by arguing from a position based on theoretical knowledge and understanding. Bringing together leading contributors in the field, the book discusses a wide range of issues relating to second language learning and teaching including: the relationship between age and success in language learning aptitude versus motivation as predictors of successful language learning linguistic diversity and plurilingualism the teaching of grammar and vocabulary the value of phonics learning pronunciation the second language only versus the multilingual debate With reflective points in every chapter, Debates in Second Language Education will be a valuable resource for any student or practising teacher, as well as for those engaged in initial teacher education, continuing professional development or Master's level study. It will also be of interest to second language acquisition researchers and those studying applied linguistics.
  cons of learning a second language: Cognitive Processing in Second Language Acquisition Martin Pütz, Laura Sicola, 2010 This edited volume represents state of the field research linking cognition and second language acquisition, reflecting the experience of the learner when engaged in noticing, input/output processing, retrieval, and even attrition of target forms. Contributions are both theoretical and practical, describing a variety of L1, L2 and L3 combinations from around the world as observed in spoken, written, and computer-mediated contexts. The book relates conditions of language, task, medium or environment to how learners make decisions about language, with discussions about the application or efficacy of these conditions on linguistic success and development, and pedagogical implications.
  cons of learning a second language: Second Language Learning in the Early School Years: Trends and Contexts Victoria A. Murphy, 2014-05-07 Provides a much-needed overview of current themes and research on child second language learning.
  cons of learning a second language: Ask a Manager Alison Green, 2018-05-01 From the creator of the popular website Ask a Manager and New York’s work-advice columnist comes a witty, practical guide to 200 difficult professional conversations—featuring all-new advice! There’s a reason Alison Green has been called “the Dear Abby of the work world.” Ten years as a workplace-advice columnist have taught her that people avoid awkward conversations in the office because they simply don’t know what to say. Thankfully, Green does—and in this incredibly helpful book, she tackles the tough discussions you may need to have during your career. You’ll learn what to say when • coworkers push their work on you—then take credit for it • you accidentally trash-talk someone in an email then hit “reply all” • you’re being micromanaged—or not being managed at all • you catch a colleague in a lie • your boss seems unhappy with your work • your cubemate’s loud speakerphone is making you homicidal • you got drunk at the holiday party Praise for Ask a Manager “A must-read for anyone who works . . . [Alison Green’s] advice boils down to the idea that you should be professional (even when others are not) and that communicating in a straightforward manner with candor and kindness will get you far, no matter where you work.”—Booklist (starred review) “The author’s friendly, warm, no-nonsense writing is a pleasure to read, and her advice can be widely applied to relationships in all areas of readers’ lives. Ideal for anyone new to the job market or new to management, or anyone hoping to improve their work experience.”—Library Journal (starred review) “I am a huge fan of Alison Green’s Ask a Manager column. This book is even better. It teaches us how to deal with many of the most vexing big and little problems in our workplaces—and to do so with grace, confidence, and a sense of humor.”—Robert Sutton, Stanford professor and author of The No Asshole Rule and The Asshole Survival Guide “Ask a Manager is the ultimate playbook for navigating the traditional workforce in a diplomatic but firm way.”—Erin Lowry, author of Broke Millennial: Stop Scraping By and Get Your Financial Life Together
  cons of learning a second language: Deep Learning Ian Goodfellow, Yoshua Bengio, Aaron Courville, 2016-11-10 An introduction to a broad range of topics in deep learning, covering mathematical and conceptual background, deep learning techniques used in industry, and research perspectives. “Written by three experts in the field, Deep Learning is the only comprehensive book on the subject.” —Elon Musk, cochair of OpenAI; cofounder and CEO of Tesla and SpaceX Deep learning is a form of machine learning that enables computers to learn from experience and understand the world in terms of a hierarchy of concepts. Because the computer gathers knowledge from experience, there is no need for a human computer operator to formally specify all the knowledge that the computer needs. The hierarchy of concepts allows the computer to learn complicated concepts by building them out of simpler ones; a graph of these hierarchies would be many layers deep. This book introduces a broad range of topics in deep learning. The text offers mathematical and conceptual background, covering relevant concepts in linear algebra, probability theory and information theory, numerical computation, and machine learning. It describes deep learning techniques used by practitioners in industry, including deep feedforward networks, regularization, optimization algorithms, convolutional networks, sequence modeling, and practical methodology; and it surveys such applications as natural language processing, speech recognition, computer vision, online recommendation systems, bioinformatics, and videogames. Finally, the book offers research perspectives, covering such theoretical topics as linear factor models, autoencoders, representation learning, structured probabilistic models, Monte Carlo methods, the partition function, approximate inference, and deep generative models. Deep Learning can be used by undergraduate or graduate students planning careers in either industry or research, and by software engineers who want to begin using deep learning in their products or platforms. A website offers supplementary material for both readers and instructors.
  cons of learning a second language: Second Language Teaching & Learning David Nunan, 1999 Second Language Teaching and Learning is a practical guide to the methodology of task-based language instruction. Replete with illustrative scenarios and topics for discussion and writing, this professional title provides the pedagogical overview that ESL/EFL teachers need to teach with Atlas, Go For It!, Listen In, and Expressions!
  cons of learning a second language: Education of Immigrant Students Aaron Wolfgang, 1975
  cons of learning a second language: Current Issues in Second/Foreign Language Teaching and Teacher Development Thomai Alexiou, Christina Gitsaki, 2016-01-14 Current Issues in Second/Foreign Language Teaching and Teacher Development: Research and Practice represents a collection of selected papers from the 17th World Congress of the International Association of Applied Linguistics (AILA), which was held in August 2014 in Brisbane, Australia. The volume comprises 18 chapters presenting current research projects and discussing issues related to second language acquisition, teaching and teacher education in a variety of contexts from around the world. This collection of research papers will be of use to both new and seasoned researchers in the field of applied linguistics. Teacher educators, language teachers and language policy makers will find this volume equally useful as the papers address current issues in language education.
  cons of learning a second language: Informal Second Language Acquisition Through Entertainment Mediums. Advantages and Disadvantages Nurul Nadiah Mohammed Ali, 2020-05-15 Essay from the year 2019 in the subject Speech Science / Linguistics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, language: English, abstract: This essay seeks to determine the advantages and disadvantages of informal second language acquisition through entertainment mediums. The purpose of this essay is to explore the effectiveness of the entertainment medium as a platform for second language acquisition. It was anticipated that the knowledge generated from this deconstruction would afford new perspectives on the process of second language acquisition for today’s generation. The essay concludes that informal second language acquisition through the entertainment medium provides an effective platform for the language learner although some disadvantages still persist in this system.
  cons of learning a second language: Maintaining Your Second Language Eve Lindemuth Bodeux, 2016-03-31 This book is for advanced learners of a second language such as translators, interpreters, teachers, the parents of bilingual children, journalists, international business people, heritage speakers and other language lovers. It contains practical strategies, tips and resources related to maintaining a foreign language. It targets those who are already fluent in a second (or third) language and who are looking for ways to maintain their skills long-term. This book will help advanced foreign language speakers find their path to continued language fluency and linguistic success. It provides innovative approaches to self-study, the benefits of singing even if you can't carry a tune, the role of technology in language maintenance and retention, how to play word and other games, and much more. It also provides links and references to many helpful language-related resources. If you love languages, this book is for you!
  cons of learning a second language: Attention in a Social World Michael I. Posner, 2012-01-19 This volume summarizes the research on the brain mechanisms of attention, especially those from human imaging studies. Michael I. Posner places this research in the context of human development, educational applications, and brain pathology.
  cons of learning a second language: Practice in a Second Language Robert DeKeyser, 2007-03-12 This volume focuses on 'practice' from a theoretical perspective and includes implications for the classroom.
  cons of learning a second language: Second Language Acquisition Myths Steven Brown, Jenifer Larson-Hall, 2012-03-15 This volume was conceived as a first book in SLA for advanced undergraduate or introductory master’s courses that include education majors, foreign language education majors, and English majors. It’s also an excellent resource for practicing teachers. Both the research and pedagogy in this book are based on the newest research in the field of second language acquisition. It is not the goal of this book to address every SLA theory or teach research methodology. It does however address the myths and questions that non-specialist teacher candidates have about language learning. Steven Brown is the co-author of the introductory applied linguistics textbook Understanding Language Structure, Interaction, and Variation textbook (and workbook). The myths challenged in this book are: § Children learn languages quickly and easily while adults are ineffective in comparison. § A true bilingual is someone who speaks two languages perfectly. § You can acquire a language simply through listening or reading. § Practice makes perfect. § Language students learn (and retain) what they are taught. § Language learners always benefit from correction. § Individual differences are a major, perhaps the major, factor in SLA. § Language acquisition is the individual acquisition of grammar.
  cons of learning a second language: The Last Lingua Franca Nicholas Ostler, 2010-11-23 Examines the rise and fall of English as the most widely spoken language in human history and discusses what language will overtake its dominance as English-speaking nations are challenged by the rising wealth of Brazil, Russia, India and China.
  cons of learning a second language: What Language Is John McWhorter, 2013-02-12 New York Times bestselling author and renowned linguist, John McWhorter, explores the complicated and fascinating world of languages. From Standard English to Black English; obscure tongues only spoken by a few thousand people in the world to the big ones like Mandarin - What Language Is celebrates the history and curiosities of languages around the world and smashes our assumptions about correct grammar. An eye-opening tour for all language lovers, What Language Is offers a fascinating new perspective on the way humans communicate. From vanishing languages spoken by a few hundred people to major tongues like Chinese, with copious revelations about the hodgepodge nature of English, John McWhorter shows readers how to see and hear languages as a linguist does. Packed with Big Ideas about language alongside wonderful trivia, What Language Is explains how languages across the globe (the Queen's English and Surinam creoles alike) originate, evolve, multiply, and divide. Raising provocative questions about what qualifies as a language (so-called slang does have structured grammar), McWhorter also takes readers on a marvelous journey through time and place-from Persian to the languages of Sri Lanka- to deliver a feast of facts about the wonders of human linguistic expression.
  cons of learning a second language: First Language Use in Second and Foreign Language Learning Miles Turnbull, Jennifer Dailey-O'Cain, 2009-08-24 This volume offers fresh perspectives on a controversial issue in applied linguistics and language teaching by focusing on the use of the first language in communicative or immersion-type classrooms. It includes new work by both new and established scholars in educational scholarship, second language acquisition, and sociolinguistics, as well as in a variety of languages, countries, and educational contexts. Through its focus at the intersection of theory, practice, curriculum and policy, the book demands a reconceptualization of code-switching as something that both proficient and aspiring bilinguals do naturally, and as a practice that is inherently linked with bilingual code-switching.
  cons of learning a second language: Master Japanese: How to Learn Japanese Through Anywhere Immersion John Fotheringham, 2019-10-24 Learn Japanese when you want, where you want, and how you want. Ditch boring textbooks and expensive classes, and learn through Anywhere Immersion instead: it's more fun, more effective, more efficient, more convenient, more personalized, and less expensive. This step-by-step guide to independent language learning shows you: 1) How to immerse yourself in Japanese wherever you live; 2) How to learn Japanese by doing instead of studying; 3) How to optimize your time, timing, memory, and more, 4) How to conquer fear, master motivation, and build habits; and 5) How to choose the right resources, tools, and methods. Today's the day to stop wasting time and start making progress. Begin your learning journey with Master Japanese as your guide.
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• The primary source for both first (L1) and second language (L2) learning is the learner’s participative, contextualized experience of language. Language learning is largely usage …

Effect of the Gamified Second Language Vocabulary …
Mar 5, 2023 · scholars all around the globe have been conducting trials on the pros and cons of using ... gamification's effect on vocabulary acquisition and second language learning have …

Debate as a pedagogical tool for developing speaking skills …
skills in second language education Abid el Majidi Utrecht University, Netherlands Rick de Graaff Utrecht University, Netherlands Daniel Janssen ... cate that debate can be a fruitful avenue for …

THE STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF TASK BASED …
learners to improve their language competence by challenging them to complete meaningful tasks” (CDC 1999:41 as cited in Nunan 2004 pg 13,14).Because of pronouncements like this …

The Effect of Dual-Language and Transitional-Bilingual …
learning, dual-language instruction appears to be more effective than transitional-bilingual ... Research has also shown that home-language skills predict second-language learning; …

Effect of Inductive and Deductive Teaching on Learning …
over any language. English language is being taught as first, second or foreign language in many countries. Consider whether inductive or deductive teaching is more effective for learning …

Current Research Findings on Two-Way Bilingual Immersion …
• 90/10 – the target language is used for 90% of the instructional day in grades K-1, after which more English is added at each grade level until grades 4-5, when the proportion is about …

Using Self-Assessment as a Tool for English Language …
recommendations will be given for the implementation of self-assessment in learning English as a second language (ESL) classrooms. Keywords: assessment for learning, English as a second …

The Effect of Inductive and Deductive Teaching on EFL …
The inductive and deductive approaches to teaching English as a second or foreign language (TESOL) are common in the teaching-learning context. The inductive approach is a sort of …

Cooperative Learning and Second Language Teaching
PART I COOPERATIVE LEARNING AND SECOND LANGUAGE CLASSROOMS Introduction 3 1 Roots of cooperative learning in general education 9 George M. Jacobs, Steven G. …

The Promise of Bilingual and Dual Immersion Education
competing hypotheses about what kinds of learning environments are most effective for children . ... strong foundation in one language are better equipped to learn a second language (relative …

Arguments for and Against Using Task-based Approach to …
consistent with studies on second language learning, which demonstrates that language acquisition requires intelligible input and substantive output [9]. Besides this, authentic tasks …

SLA THEORIES AN OVERVIEW OF SLA THEORIES WITH A …
where language attainment takes place. In the 1950’s, theories on language learning and particularly, second language attainment, started gaining more attention (Birdsong, 2004). …

Vocabulary Teaching Based on Semantic-Field
second language learning. Second language learners must learn thousands of words that speakers and writers of English use before they communicate smoothly with native speakers. …

Sheltered Instruction: Best Practices for ELLs in the …
Second Language Learners’ Needs Though it is true that many features of sheltered instruc-tion are just good teaching practices, some features are specific to second language learning and …

Peer Feedback, Benefits and Drawbacks - TCI thaijo
It is beneficial not onlyon the development of second-language writing andthe language-learning process as a whole but also cooperative and collaborative learning supports and social …

THE IMPACT OF COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION
ENVIRONMENTS ON FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE by Hassan Saleh Mahdi Najran University, King Abdulaziz Road, Najran, Saudi Arabia ... (SCMC) …

The Use of Literature in the Language Classroom: Methods …
literature as a second language teaching tool [11]. Firstly, the linguistic criterion defends that literature should be used in language teaching, because it provides the learner with genuine, …

Handbook of Practical Second Language Teaching and …
Learning contexts and language teaching 1 1 The changing landscape of English language teaching and learning 3 David Nunan 2 Second language literacy: kindergarten to grade 12 24 …

Why Use Music in English Language Learning? A Survey of …
between music and language that are substantiated by research in the fields of cognitive science, anthropology, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, First Language Acquisition (FLA) and Second …

Second Language Acquisition in Early Childhood - De Gruyter
Second Language Acquisition in Early Childhood* JÜRGEN M. MEISEL 1. Simultaneous versus successive bilingualism There is a broad consensus in the research literature on the …

The Least a Second Language Acquisition Theory Needs
second language. "Acquisition" is a subconscious process identical in all important ways to the process children utilize in acquiring their first language, while "learning" is a conscious process …

A Review of Cooperative Language Learning Approach
Nov 20, 2021 · A Review of Cooperative Language Learning Approach Ling Cheng . Guilin University of Technology . Keywords: Cooperative Language Learning, foreign language …

A Critical Evaluation of Krashen’s Monitor Model
that in learning English as a second language, some children or adults would learn the present tense earlier than past tense, learn nouns earlier that the possessives of nouns, etc. Krashen …

How do differences in exposure affect English language …
learning. Then the second part addresses studies on language learning from out-of-school exposure. In the majority of studies, English was the target language (TL). 2.1. School …

Lexical Approach to Second Language Teaching. ERIC Digest.
LEXIS IN LANGUAGE TEACHING AND LEARNING . In the lexical approach, lexis in its various types is thought to play a central role in language teaching and learning. Nattinger (1980, p. …

One Child, - Brookes Publishing Co.
One Child, Two Languages A Guide for Early Childhood Educators of Children Learning English as a Second Language SECOND EDITION by Patton O. Tabors, Ed.D.

THE PROS AND CONS OF INTEGRATING COLLABORATIVE …
2 p-ISSN: 2721-3374, e-ISSN: 2721-9348 based on student-centered learning approach paradigm. It is a learner-centered approach that facilitates students

CONNECTING THEORY AND PRACTICE: A CONNECTIONIST …
connectionism as a model for Second Language Acquisition. Connectionism is a psychological, cognitive and computational theory that explains how second language learning is processed …

Theory and practice in second language syllabus design
Theory and practice in second language syllabus design Johann L. van der Wait The syllabus is an essential factor in the achievement of communicative competence in second language …

Circular seating arrangements: Approaching the social crux in …
room communities with overall positive effects on learning, emotions, and well-being. Yet students and their teachers within certain language classroom contexts, due to sociocultural limitations, …

Communicative Language Teaching: Possibilities and …
focus in language teaching from learning about the language to learning to communicate in the language. However, there are problems associated with it. … The most serious criticism of CA …

Krashen’s Monitor Model Theory: A Critical Perspective - iafor
The acquisition-learning hypothesis implies that conscious learning plays a comparatively minor role in second language learning. Acquiring a language is more successful and longer lasting …

The Role of Metalanguage in Supporting Academic …
Language Learning ISSN 0023-8333 The Role of Metalanguage in Supporting Academic Language Development Mary J. Schleppegrell University of Michigan ... and second language …

Metacognition and Second/Foreign Language Learning - ed
Keywords: metacognitive strategies, metacognitive awareness, second/foreign language learning 1. Introduction Learning strategies play an important role in the success of language …

A Study of Chomsky’s Universal Grammar in Second …
programmes for both L2 courses and the learning of the majority language by minority language children and adults. SLA is useful both for language learning and language teaching. As for …

How (Not) to Teach English Vocabulary - ed
learning. While the focus of this article is on the learning and teaching of English vocabulary in a second- or foreign-language context, many of the discussed principles are likely to be …

The Pros and Cons of Requiring SCRATCH in the Applied …
second / foreign language learning and teaching theories, as well as their own personal fields of specialization and interests, from teaching language and literature, to other content areas like …

Second Language Learning Theories - پاپیروس
to second language (L2) learning, the implications of advances in generative linguistics and the “social turn” in L2 research, with re-worked chapters on functional, sociocultural and …

Immigrants differ in their language proficiency along a range …
Second, language skills are complementary to the education and experience acquired before migration and facilitate the transfer of these skills into the new job environment. Language …

Advantages and Disadvantages in Spanish Immersion: A …
Sep 22, 2003 · Language immersion, or simply immersion, is a method of teaching a second language in which the learners' second language (L2) is the medium of classroom instruction. …

EDUCATION SYSTEM AND ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING …
specifically focusing on its system, the English as a second language, the challenges of teaching and learning English as a second language, and the benefits of learning the English language …

the language challenge The Language Challenge in the …
foundation in the HL, the majority of African-language students learning through English will only score between 20% and 40% in English by the time they reach Grade 126. This lack of …

Translation in Foreign Language Teaching: A Brief Overview …
language as a structural system, lead to the rise of the Audio-Lingual Method of second language teaching, which made use of constant structural drills in the target language followed by …

An Examination of the Factors and Challenges to Adopting
The power of gamification in foreign language learning is widely recognized among foreign language teachers. Gamification activities motivate language learners when used properly in …

Creating a More Bilingual Texas - ed
different levels of language and academic subject instruction. On the whole, bilingual programs, particularly dual language programs, are considered the most effective and ESL programs are …

PROS AND CONS OF ERROR CORRECTION IN TEACHING …
drawn to their role in second language acquisition. It was Corder who showed to whom information about errors would be helpful (teachers, researchers, and students) and how. But …