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| context effects in psychology: Context Effects in Social and Psychological Research Norbert Schwarz, Seymour Sudman, 1992 0 e The contributors to this book review our current knowledge of context effects in survey research, psychological testing, and social judgement. Drawing on recent developments in cognitive psychology, they offer theoretical accounts of the conditions that lead to the emergence of various context effects and report a number of new experimental studies. At stake now are clear, practical needs in the structuring of reliable tests, and a strong interest to develop a coherent theoretical framework to assess and scrutinize context effects, in addition to the desire to align some of the findings in survey research studies with the discoveries made in the information-processing field. This book attests to a fruitful dialogue between cognitive psychologists and survey researchers, as the cognitive processes initiated by question probes are really beginning to be understood and context effects classified and differentiated. |
| context effects in psychology: Cognition and Motor Processes W. Prinz, A. F. Sanders, 2012-12-06 The issue of the relationship between cognition and motor processes can be - and has been - raised at different levels of analysis. At the neurophysiological level it refers to the interactions between afferent and efferent information. At the neurological and neuropsychological level it relates to the mutual dependencies between the sensory and the motor part of the brain, or, more precisely, between sensory and motor functions of various parts of the brain. In psychology, the issue under debate concerns, at a molecular level, the relationship between percep tion and movement or, at a more molar level, the relations between cognition and action. For the title of this book we deliberately decided to combine two terms that are taken from two of these levels ,in order to emphasize both the multilevel structure of the issues involved and the multidis ciplinary nature of the following contributions. Although the term cognition has been tremendously misused in recent years (at least in psychology), it is still the only term available to serve as a convenient collective name for all sorts of cognitive processes and functions. |
| context effects in psychology: Attitude Strength Richard E. Petty, Jon A. Krosnick, 2014-01-14 Social psychologists have long recognized the possibility that attitudes might differ from one another in terms of their strength, but only recently had the profound implications of this view been explored. Yet because investigators in the area were pursuing interesting but independent programs of research exploring different aspects of strength, there was little articulation of assumptions underlying the work, and little effort to establish a common research agenda. The goals of this book are to highlight these assumptions, to review the discoveries this work has produced, and to suggest directions for future work in the area. The chapter authors include individuals who have made significant contributions to the published literature and represent a diversity of perspectives on the topic. In addition to providing an overview of the broad area of attitude strength, particular chapters deal in depth with specific features of attitudes related to strength and integrate the diverse bodies of relevant theory and empirical evidence. The book will be of interest to graduate students initiating work on attitudes as well as to longstanding scholars in the field. Because of the many potential directions for application of work on attitude strength to amelioration of social problems, the book will be valuable to scholars in various applied disciplines such as political science, marketing, sociology, public opinion, and others studying attitudinal phenomena. |
| context effects in psychology: Neurobiology of Attention Laurent Itti, Geraint Rees, John K. Tsotsos, 2005-03-31 A key property of neural processing in higher mammals is the ability to focus resources by selectively directing attention to relevant perceptions, thoughts or actions. Research into attention has grown rapidly over the past two decades, as new techniques have become available to study higher brain function in humans, non-human primates, and other mammals. Neurobiology of Attention is the first encyclopedic volume to summarize the latest developments in attention research.An authoritative collection of over 100 chapters organized into thematic sections provides both broad coverage and access to focused, up-to-date research findings. This book presents a state-of-the-art multidisciplinary perspective on psychological, physiological and computational approaches to understanding the neurobiology of attention. Ideal for students, as a reference handbook or for rapid browsing, the book has a wide appeal to anybody interested in attention research.* Contains numerous quick-reference articles covering the breadth of investigation into the subject of attention* Provides extensive introductory commentary to orient and guide the reader* Includes the most recent research results in this field of study |
| context effects in psychology: Social Information Processing and Survey Methodology Hans-J. Hippler, Norbert Schwarz, Seymour Sudman, 2012-12-06 Survey researchers have long been aware that the way in which questions are asked determines the obtained responses. However, the exact processes that mediate response effects remained elusive. In the present volume, cognitive psychologists and survey methodologists explore the cognitive processes that underlie respondents' answers to survey questions. The contributors provide an introduction to information processing theories for survey researchers, review current knowledge of response effects in the light of recent theorizing in cognitive psychology, and report a number of experimental studies on question context and question wording. In combination, the chapters provide a theoretical framework for the analysis of response effects in surveys and raise a number of applied and theoretical issues that have so far not been addressed in cognitive psychology. |
| context effects in psychology: Cognitive Processing of the Chinese and the Japanese Languages C.K. Leong, Katsuo Tamaoka, 2013-03-09 The area of cognitive processing of Chinese and Japanese is currently attracting a great deal of attention by leading cognitive psychologists. They aim to find out the similarities and differences in processing the morphosyllabic Chinese and Japanese syllabary as compared with alphabetic language systems. Topics under the processing of Chinese include: the use of phonological codes in visual identification of Chinese words, the constraint on such phonological activation, recognition of Chinese homophones, Chinese sentence comprehension and children's errors in writing Chinese characters. Topics under the processing of Japanese include: the automatic recognition of kanji within an interactive-activation framework, On-reading and Kun-reading of kanji characters, processing differences between hiragana and kanji, the effect of polysemy on katakana script, and the writing behavior of Japanese and non-Japanese speakers. The interactive-activation model provides the phonologic-orthographic links in processing both language systems. The present volume should add greatly to our understanding of this topic. Many of the contributors are internationally known for their experimental psychological work. |
| context effects in psychology: On-line Cognition in Person Perception John N. Bassili, 2013-02-01 The contributors to this collection focus on the cognitive processes that take place during the initial acquisition of information about others (on-line processes) rather than later when memory processes begin playing a dominant role (memory-based processes). Utilizing the methods and concepts of social cognition, the book illustrates how the study of on-line cognition can further our understanding of person perception. On-Line Cognition in Person Perception also examines the special cognitive dynamics that are associated with such processes within the domain of social perception. |
| context effects in psychology: Modeling Contextual Effects in Longitudinal Studies Todd D. Little, James A. Bovaird, Noel A. Card, 2007-03-21 This volume reviews the challenges and alternative approaches to modeling how individuals change across time and provides methodologies and data analytic strategies for behavioral and social science researchers. This accessible guide provides concrete, clear examples of how contextual factors can be included in most research studies. Each chapter can be understood independently, allowing readers to first focus on areas most relevant to their work. The opening chapter demonstrates the various ways contextual factors are represented—as covariates, predictors, outcomes, moderators, mediators, or mediated effects. Succeeding chapters review best practice techniques for treating missing data, making model comparisons, and scaling across developmental age ranges. Other chapters focus on specific statistical techniques such as multilevel modeling and multiple-group and multilevel SEM, and how to incorporate tests of mediation, moderation, and moderated mediation. Critical measurement and theoretical issues are discussed, particularly how age can be represented and the ways in which context can be conceptualized. The final chapter provides a compelling call to include contextual factors in theorizing and research. This book will appeal to researchers and advanced students conducting developmental, social, clinical, or educational research, as well as those in related areas such as psychology and linguistics. |
| context effects in psychology: Context Effects in Social and Psychological Research Norbert Schwarz, Seymour Sudman, 1991-11-01 |
| context effects in psychology: Memory and Control of Action , 2011-10-10 Memory and Control of Action |
| context effects in psychology: Time Pressure and Stress in Human Judgment and Decision Making A.J. Maule, O. Svenson, 2013-03-09 Some years ago we, the editors of this volume, found out about each other's deeply rooted interest in the concept of time, the usage of time, and the effects of shortage of time on human thought and behavior. Since then we have fostered the idea of bringing together different perspectives in this area. We are now, there fore, very content that our idea has materialized in the present volume. There is both anecdotal and empirical evidence to suggest that time con straints may affect behavior. Managers and other professional decision makers frequently identify time pressure as a major constraint on their behavior (Isen berg, 1984). Chamberlain and Zika (1990) provide empirical support for this view, showing that complaints of insufficient time are the most frequently report ed everyday minor stressors or hassles for all groups of people except the elderly. Similarly, studies in occupational settings have identified time pressure as one of the central components of workload (Derrich, 1988; O'Donnel & Eggemeier, 1986). |
| context effects in psychology: Environmental Psychology Tony Cassidy, 2013-10-31 This text contains an up-to-date survey of theory, research and practice in environmental psychology, drawing on international literature. It adopts the perspective that physical and social factors are inextricably linked in their influence on human behaviour and experience and that the world in which we live is changed and often damaged by human action.; Throughout the text, the issues which are important in contemporary psychology, such as levels of explanation, methodological diversity and the relationship between psychology and other disciplines, are brought to the fore. The text covers established areas of environmental concern and also brings together research on rarely covered topics, such as the effects of smell, colour and light, and the way in which physical environments influence social identity. |
| context effects in psychology: First Impressions Nalini Ambady, John Joseph Skowronski, 2008-05-23 This volume brings together leading investigators to explore the science of first impressions: how they are formed, their underlying processes, and effects on emotions, cognitions, and behavior. Integrating cutting-edge theories, methods, and findings from diverse research traditions, the book accessibly conveys the big picture of this dynamic area of study. Showcasing the best current work on a fundamental aspect of person perception and social cognition, this book will be read with interest by researchers and students in social and personality psychology, as well as scholars in applied domains. It will fill a unique niche as a text in graduate-level courses. |
| context effects in psychology: Oxford Handbook of Face Perception Andrew J. Calder, 2011-07-28 In the past 30 years, face perception has become an area of major interest within psychology. This is the most comprehensive and commanding review of the field ever published. |
| context effects in psychology: The Psychology of Survey Response Roger Tourangeau, Lance J. Rips, Kenneth Rasinski, 2000-03-13 This valuable book examines the complex psychological processes involved in answering different types of survey questions. Drawing on both classic and modern research from cognitive psychology, social psychology, and survey methodology, the authors examine how survey responses are formulated and they demonstrate how seemingly unimportant features of the survey can affect the answers obtained. The book provides a comprehensive review of the sources of response errors in surveys, and it offers a coherent theory of the relation between the underlying views of the public and the results of public opinion polls. Topics include the comprehension of survey questions, the recall of relevant facts and beliefs, estimation and inferential processes people use to answer survey questions, the sources of the apparent instability of public opinion, the difficulties in getting responses into the required format, and the distortions introduced into surveys by deliberate misreporting. |
| context effects in psychology: Semantic Priming Timothy P. McNamara, 2005-09-08 Semantic priming - the improvement in speed or accuracy to respond to a word when it is preceded by a semantically related word - is addressed in this volume, which provides a succinct and in-depth overview of this important phenomenon. |
| context effects in psychology: Memory and Cognition in Its Social Context Robert S. Wyer, Jr., Thomas K. Srull, 2014-02-04 The first comprehensive theoretical formulation of the way people use information they receive about their social environments to make judgments and behavioral decisions, this volume focuses on the cognitive processes that underlie the use of social information. These include initial interpretation, the representations used to make inferences, and the transformation of these subjective inferences into overt judgment and behavior. In addition, it specifies the role of affect and emotion in information processing, and the role of self-knowledge at different stages of processing. The theoretical model presented here is the first to provide a conceptual integration of existing theory and research in all phases of social information processing. It not only accounts for the major portion of existing research findings, but permits several hypotheses to be generated concerning phenomena that have not yet been empirically investigated. Although focused here on the processing of information about people and events, the formulation proposed has implications for other domains such as personnel appraisal, political decision making, and consumer behavior. |
| context effects in psychology: The Psychology of Later Life Manfred Diehl, Hans-Werner Wahl, 2020 Renowned experts in adult development and aging, Manfred Diehl and Hans-Werner Wahl synthesize decades of psychological research into a comprehensive volume that considers later life in the context of lifespan development, social and physical environmental factors, and historical-cultural influences. In so doing, they review important research on cognitive functioning, behavioral processes, personality and identity development, and overall well-being in middle to late adulthood. Diehl and Wahl's three-part framework helps readers better understand that the development process is influenced by multiple factors and can take many different trajectories. Through this contextualized perspective, they examine the influence that previous life experiences, beginning in early childhood, can have on the aging process in older adults. This includes social relations, technological advances, societal perspectives on aging, and education. The authors also examine the challenges and opportunities of aging, using a strength-based approach to promote a diverse, nuanced understanding of successful, healthy aging. Chapters also conclude with dialogues from other experts in the field, offering multiple different perspectives on the research. |
| context effects in psychology: Basic Processes in Reading Derek Besner, Glyn W. Humphreys, 1991 First Published in 1990. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company. |
| context effects in psychology: The Construction of Preference Sarah Lichtenstein, Paul Slovic, 2006-08-28 One of the main themes that has emerged from behavioral decision research during the past three decades is the view that people's preferences are often constructed in the process of elicitation. This idea is derived from studies demonstrating that normatively equivalent methods of elicitation (e.g., choice and pricing) give rise to systematically different responses. These preference reversals violate the principle of procedure invariance that is fundamental to all theories of rational choice. If different elicitation procedures produce different orderings of options, how can preferences be defined and in what sense do they exist? This book shows not only the historical roots of preference construction but also the blossoming of the concept within psychology, law, marketing, philosophy, environmental policy, and economics. Decision making is now understood to be a highly contingent form of information processing, sensitive to task complexity, time pressure, response mode, framing, reference points, and other contextual factors. |
| context effects in psychology: The Great Mental Models, Volume 1 Shane Parrish, Rhiannon Beaubien, 2024-10-15 Discover the essential thinking tools you’ve been missing with The Great Mental Models series by Shane Parrish, New York Times bestselling author and the mind behind the acclaimed Farnam Street blog and “The Knowledge Project” podcast. This first book in the series is your guide to learning the crucial thinking tools nobody ever taught you. Time and time again, great thinkers such as Charlie Munger and Warren Buffett have credited their success to mental models–representations of how something works that can scale onto other fields. Mastering a small number of mental models enables you to rapidly grasp new information, identify patterns others miss, and avoid the common mistakes that hold people back. The Great Mental Models: Volume 1, General Thinking Concepts shows you how making a few tiny changes in the way you think can deliver big results. Drawing on examples from history, business, art, and science, this book details nine of the most versatile, all-purpose mental models you can use right away to improve your decision making and productivity. This book will teach you how to: Avoid blind spots when looking at problems. Find non-obvious solutions. Anticipate and achieve desired outcomes. Play to your strengths, avoid your weaknesses, … and more. The Great Mental Models series demystifies once elusive concepts and illuminates rich knowledge that traditional education overlooks. This series is the most comprehensive and accessible guide on using mental models to better understand our world, solve problems, and gain an advantage. |
| context effects in psychology: What the Face Reveals Paul Ekman, Erika L. Rosenberg, 2005-04-14 While we have known for centuries that facial expressions can reveal what people are thinking and feeling, it is only recently that the face has been studied scientifically for what it can tell us about internal states, social behavior, and psychopathology. Today's widely available, sophisticated measuring systems have allowed us to conduct a wealth of new research on facial behavior that has contributed enormously to our understanding of the relationship between facial expression and human psychology. The chapters in this volume present the state-of-the-art in this research. They address key topics and questions, such as the dynamic and morphological differences between voluntary and involuntary expressions, the relationship between what people show on their faces and what they say they feel, whether it is possible to use facial behavior to draw distinctions among psychiatric populations, and how far research on automating facial measurement has progressed. The book also includes follow-up commentary on all of the original research presented and a concluding integration and critique of all the contributions made by Paul Ekman. As an essential reference for all those working in the area of facial analysis and expression, this volume will be indispensable for a wide range of professionals and students in the fields of psychology, psychiatry, and behavioral medicine. |
| context effects in psychology: Cognitive Aspects of Survey Methodology Thomas B. Jabine, 1984 |
| context effects in psychology: Laziness Does Not Exist Devon Price, 2021-01-05 From social psychologist Dr. Devon Price, a conversational, stirring call to “a better, more human way to live” (Cal Newport, New York Times bestselling author) that examines the “laziness lie”—which falsely tells us we are not working or learning hard enough. Extra-curricular activities. Honors classes. 60-hour work weeks. Side hustles. Like many Americans, Dr. Devon Price believed that productivity was the best way to measure self-worth. Price was an overachiever from the start, graduating from both college and graduate school early, but that success came at a cost. After Price was diagnosed with a severe case of anemia and heart complications from overexertion, they were forced to examine the darker side of all this productivity. Laziness Does Not Exist explores the psychological underpinnings of the “laziness lie,” including its origins from the Puritans and how it has continued to proliferate as digital work tools have blurred the boundaries between work and life. Using in-depth research, Price explains that people today do far more work than nearly any other humans in history yet most of us often still feel we are not doing enough. Filled with practical and accessible advice for overcoming society’s pressure to do more, and featuring interviews with researchers, consultants, and experiences from real people drowning in too much work, Laziness Does Not Exist “is the book we all need right now” (Caroline Dooner, author of The F*ck It Diet). |
| context effects in psychology: Laws of UX Jon Yablonski, 2020-04-21 An understanding of psychology—specifically the psychology behind how users behave and interact with digital interfaces—is perhaps the single most valuable nondesign skill a designer can have. The most elegant design can fail if it forces users to conform to the design rather than working within the blueprint of how humans perceive and process the world around them. This practical guide explains how you can apply key principles in psychology to build products and experiences that are more intuitive and human-centered. Author Jon Yablonski deconstructs familiar apps and experiences to provide clear examples of how UX designers can build experiences that adapt to how users perceive and process digital interfaces. You’ll learn: How aesthetically pleasing design creates positive responses The principles from psychology most useful for designers How these psychology principles relate to UX heuristics Predictive models including Fitts’s law, Jakob’s law, and Hick’s law Ethical implications of using psychology in design A framework for applying these principles |
| context effects in psychology: A Little Life Hanya Yanagihara, 2016-01-26 NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • A stunning “portrait of the enduring grace of friendship” (NPR) about the families we are born into, and those that we make for ourselves. A masterful depiction of love in the twenty-first century. NATIONAL BOOK AWARD FINALIST • MAN BOOKER PRIZE FINALIST • WINNER OF THE KIRKUS PRIZE A Little Life follows four college classmates—broke, adrift, and buoyed only by their friendship and ambition—as they move to New York in search of fame and fortune. While their relationships, which are tinged by addiction, success, and pride, deepen over the decades, the men are held together by their devotion to the brilliant, enigmatic Jude, a man scarred by an unspeakable childhood trauma. A hymn to brotherly bonds and a masterful depiction of love in the twenty-first century, Hanya Yanagihara’s stunning novel is about the families we are born into, and those that we make for ourselves. Look for Hanya Yanagihara’s latest bestselling novel, To Paradise. |
| context effects in psychology: Scarcity Sendhil Mullainathan, Eldar Shafir, 2013-09-03 A surprising and intriguing examination of how scarcity—and our flawed responses to it—shapes our lives, our society, and our culture |
| context effects in psychology: The Science of Adolescent Risk-Taking National Research Council, Institute of Medicine, Board on Children, Youth, and Families, Committee on the Science of Adolescence, 2011-02-25 Adolescence is a time when youth make decisions, both good and bad, that have consequences for the rest of their lives. Some of these decisions put them at risk of lifelong health problems, injury, or death. The Institute of Medicine held three public workshops between 2008 and 2009 to provide a venue for researchers, health care providers, and community leaders to discuss strategies to improve adolescent health. |
| context effects in psychology: Interactive Processes in Reading Alan M. Lesgold, Charles A. Perfetti, 2017-11-06 Originally published in 1981, this volume is the edited proceedings of a conference held at the Learning Research and Development Center of the University of Pittsburgh in September 1979. The 15 chapters share a number of common issues. These include the role of contextual influences on lexical access, specific models of lexical access and word pronunciation, speech and visual processes in reading, the role of knowledge in comprehension, and sources of skill difference and skill development. |
| context effects in psychology: The Mind in Context Batja Mesquita, Lisa Feldman Barrett, Eliot R. Smith, 2010-01-29 Most psychology research still assumes that mental processes are internal to the person, waiting to be expressed or activated. This compelling book illustrates that a new paradigm is forming in which contextual factors are considered central to the workings of the mind. Leading experts explore how psychological processes emerge from the transactions of individuals with their physical, social, and cultural environments. The volume showcases cutting-edge research on the contextual nature of such phenomena as gene expression, brain networks, the regulation of hormones, perception, cognition, personality, knowing, learning, and emotion. |
| context effects in psychology: Processing of Visible Language Paul A. Kolers, 2013-11-21 The second symposium on processing visible language constituted a different mix of participants from the first. Greater emphasis was given to the design of language, both in its historical development and in its current display; and to practical questions associated with machine-implementation oflanguage, in the interactions of person and computer, and in the characteristics of the physical and environmental objects that affect the interaction. Another change was that a special session on theory capped the proceedings. Psychologists remained heavily involved, however, both as contributors to and as discussants of the work pre sented. The motivation of the conferences remains one of bringing together graphic designers, engineers, and psychologists concerned with the display and acquisition of visible language. The papers separately tended to emphasize the one of the three disciplines that mark their authors' field of endeavor, but are constructed to be general rather than parochial. Moreover, within the three disciplines, papers emphasized either the textual or the more pictorial aspects. For example, a session on writing systems ranged from principles that seem to characterize all such systems to specific papers on ancient Egyptian writing, modern Korean, and English shorthand. The complementary session on the nontextual media opened with a discussion of general principles of pictorial communication and included papers on communicating instructions, general information, or religious belief through designs and other pictorial forms, as well as a discussion. of misrepresentation. |
| context effects in psychology: Flow Mihaly Csikszent, 1991-03-13 An introduction to flow, a new field of behavioral science that offers life-fulfilling potential, explains its principles and shows how to introduce flow into all aspects of life, avoiding the interferences of disharmony. |
| context effects in psychology: Theoretical Aspects of Memory Michael Gruneberg, Peter E Morris, 2006-09-21 Recent years have seen major developments in our understanding of how memories works. Aspects of Memory gives a clear introduction by some of the world's leading experts. The first two chapters of set past theorising about memory in an historical context and identify the major aspects of memory to be captured by any theoretical account. Later chapters go on to discuss theoretical accounts of working memory, the development of memory, implicity memory, and context-dependent memory. A final section discusses the respective strengths and problems of naturalistic and laboratory research on memory.Aspects of Memory provides an excellent authoritative textbook of current approaches to memory. |
| context effects in psychology: Food Components to Enhance Performance Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board, Committee on Military Nutrition Research, 1994-02-01 The physiological or psychological stresses that employees bring to their workplace affect not only their own performance but that of their co-workers and others. These stresses are often compounded by those of the job itself. Medical personnel, firefighters, police, and military personnel in combat settingsâ€among othersâ€experience highly unpredictable timing and types of stressors. This book reviews and comments on the performance-enhancing potential of specific food components. It reflects the views of military and non-military scientists from such fields as neuroscience, nutrition, physiology, various medical specialties, and performance psychology on the most up-to-date research available on physical and mental performance enhancement in stressful conditions. Although placed within the context of military tasks, the volume will have wide-reaching implications for individuals in any job setting. |
| context effects in psychology: Basic Color Terms Brent Berlin, Paul Kay, 1991 Explores the psychophysical and neurophysical determinants of cross-linguistic constraints on the shape of color lexicons. |
| context effects in psychology: Attention and Performance V P. M. A. Rabbitt, Stanislav Dornič, 1975 |
| context effects in psychology: Attention and Performance VI Stanislav Dornic̆, 2022-08-19 Originally published in 1977, this sixth volume of an international series presented new and original material in the broad area of human performance. Included are the most recent findings, modern methodologies, and latest models and theories that indicate the trends and focus on recent points of debate. Among the topics covered are reaction processes, perceptual encoding, selective attention, visual search, processing a recognition of words as well as the reading process, and memory. This volume will be of paramount interest to experimental psychologists, from graduate students to post-graduate research workers. |
| context effects in psychology: Understanding Priming Effects in Social Psychology Daniel C. Molden, 2014-01-10 How incidentally activated social representations affect subsequent thoughts and behaviors has long interested social psychologists. Recently, such priming effects have provoked debate and skepticism. Originally a special issue ofSocial Cognition, this book examines the theoretical challenges researchers must overcome to further advance priming studies and considers how these challenges can be met. The volume aims to reduce the confusion surrounding current discussions by more thoroughly considering the many phenomena in social psychology that the term ?priming? encompasses, and closely examining the psychological processes that explain when and how different types of priming effects occur. |
| context effects in psychology: The Promise of Adolescence National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Board on Children, Youth, and Families, Committee on the Neurobiological and Socio-behavioral Science of Adolescent Development and Its Applications, 2019-07-26 Adolescenceâ€beginning with the onset of puberty and ending in the mid-20sâ€is a critical period of development during which key areas of the brain mature and develop. These changes in brain structure, function, and connectivity mark adolescence as a period of opportunity to discover new vistas, to form relationships with peers and adults, and to explore one's developing identity. It is also a period of resilience that can ameliorate childhood setbacks and set the stage for a thriving trajectory over the life course. Because adolescents comprise nearly one-fourth of the entire U.S. population, the nation needs policies and practices that will better leverage these developmental opportunities to harness the promise of adolescenceâ€rather than focusing myopically on containing its risks. This report examines the neurobiological and socio-behavioral science of adolescent development and outlines how this knowledge can be applied, both to promote adolescent well-being, resilience, and development, and to rectify structural barriers and inequalities in opportunity, enabling all adolescents to flourish. |
| context effects in psychology: Organization of Memory Endel Tulving, 1972 |
What is 'Context' on Android? - Stack Overflow
Aug 26, 2010 · The context allows multiple instances of the system to coexist in a single process, each with its own context. later in the comment section, you will find another comment by bjornw. If you just grep a codebase you'll see hundreds of …
How to change the value of a Context with useContext?
Feb 18, 2019 · 1) Is the useContext hook strictly a means of consuming the context values? 2) Is there a recommended way, using React hooks, to update values from the child component, which will then trigger component re-rendering for any …
Understanding the Python with statement and context managers
Creating context managers is done by implementing __enter__() and __exit__() in a normal class. __enter__() tells what to do when a context manager starts and __exit__() when a context manager exists (giving the exception to the __exit__() method …
How to get bean using application context in spring boot
Dec 4, 2015 · @Component public class Example { @Autowired private ApplicationContext context; public MyService getMyServiceBean() { return context.getBean(MyService.class); } // your code uses getMyServiceBean() } Update 2023.10.13. If …
How can I implement DbContext Connection String in .NET Core?
Mar 31, 2017 · 3) If using Entity Framework add a database context service (MyDbContext is the context class generated by EF). You also want to tell the built-in dependency injection how to instantiate your database context: …
Louisiana State University LSU Scholarly Repository
Running Head: CONTEXT DEPENDENT MEMORY Context Dependent Memory 2 . Abstract . Past studies have shown context dependency effects for recognition memory but not for …
Psychological Science …
School of Psychology, University of Newcastle; and . 3. Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University. Abstract. Context effects—preference changes that depend on …
Context effects in embodied lexical-semantic processing
lexical context suggesting a non-prototypical (but not unfamil-iar) use of the objects would influence the observed congruency effects. To this end object words were always preceded by …
Color Constancy and Contextual Effects on Color Appearance
reflectance from this mixed signal. In addition to illumination, the spatial context of an object may also affect its color appearance. In this chapter, we discuss how viewing context affects color …
Effects of Intellectual Humility in the Context of Affective ...
Effects of Intellectual Humility in the Context of Affective Polarization: Approaching and Avoiding Others in Controversial Political Discussions Larissa Knöchelmann and J. Christopher Cohrs …
Context-Dependent Memory for Meaningful Material: …
showed context dependency. Thus, Smith (1988) concluded that the extent to which environmental context a•ected retrieval of meaningful material was unresolved. We were …
FRAMING EFFECTS - University of California, San Diego
COMMUNICATION, and can only be fully understood in the context of those processes. Experimental framing effects involve utterances selected by “speakers” for “listeners”, but the …
Positive Psychology in Context: Effects of Expressing …
Positive Psychology in Context: Effects of Expressing Gratitude in Ongoing Relationships Depend on Perceptions of Enactor Responsiveness Sara B. Algoe and University of North Carolina at …
Process and Context: Longitudinal Effects of the
Parents’ involvement and parental warmth have been linked to many positive child outcomes. In addition to these positive associations, contemporary developmental theory stresses the
An Interactive Activation Model of Context Effects in Letter …
Jul 31, 1981 · and context in perception have been studied using stimuli comprising letters since the beginning of experimental psychology. These studies show clearly that perceptual pro …
Survey Questionnaire Construction - Census.gov
Dec 21, 2006 · context effects The effects that prior questions have on subsequent responses. open question A survey question that does not offer response categories. recency effect …
Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology/Revue …
SPECIAL ISSUE: KATZ—LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION Marking Multiple Meanings: Salience and Context Effects Shir Givoni1, 3, Dafna Bergerbest2, and Rachel Giora3 1 School …
Criminality in Context: The Psychological Foundations of …
PSYCHOLOGY, CRIME, AND JUSTICE SERIES Cop Watch: Spectators, Social Media, and Police Reform Hans Toch Criminality in Context: The Psychological Foundations of Criminal …
2 three variations on the social psychology of bilinguality: …
Three variations on the social psychology of bilinguality: Context effects in motivation, usage and identity. In A. Weatherall, B. Watson & C. Gallois \(Eds.\) Language, Discourse and Social …
Of Mice and Men: What Animal Research Can Tell Us About …
Yet, the psychological underpinnings of such context effects are still not well understood. The main goal of the current article is to illustrate how animal research can provide a deeper …
The outlandish, the realistic, and the real: contextual …
Keywords: context effects, decision making, hypothetical scenarios, responsibility, trolley problems INTRODUCTION Psychologists and philosophers use hypothetical dilemmas to
How Similarity Between Choice Options Affects Decisions …
whether context effects that have been found in decisions-from-description research can also be observed in experience-based decisions. Foreshadowing our results, the context played a vital …
Marital Conflict: Correlates, Structure, and Context - Fincham
Structure, and Context Frank D. Fincham 1 Psychology Department, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York Abstract Marital conflict has deleteri-ous effects on mental, physical, and family …
Made to stick : why some - Internet Archive
Contagion (Social psychology). 3. Context effects (Psychology). I. Heath, Dan.' II. Title. HM1033.H43 2007 3O2'.13-dc22 2006046467. Printed in the United States of America on acid …
Speech categorization in context: Joint effects of nonspeech …
context effects on speech categorization when context and target are presented to opposite ears Holt and Lotto, 2002; Lotto et al., 2003 and findings demonstrating effects of non-adjacent …
Age Differences in Context Use During Reading and …
Aug 29, 2024 · Downstream Effects on Recognition Memory Katja I. Haeuser and Jutta Kray Department of Psychology, Saarland University Collaborative Research Center Information …
How Context Affects Choice - Harvard Business School
tial effects of context on business and/or society—would like to know when, and which, context effects are likely to have a first-order impact in the settings that are most relevant. The second …
Mark scheme (A-level) : Paper 2 Psychology in context - June …
MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY – 7182/2 – JUNE 2018 4 Section A Approaches in Psychology 0 1 Which of the following statements about the cognitive approach is FALSE? …
AP Psychology Sample Student Responses and Scoring …
AP Psychology Sample Student Responses and Scoring Commentary Inside: Free Response Question 1 ... Point 1: Context-dependent memory Responses must link Jackie’s use of …
What drives young children to over-imitate? Investigating the …
Investigating the effects of age, context, action type and transitivity Zanna Clay*1,2, Harriet Over3, Claudio Tennie2,4 1 Psychology Department, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE 2 …
Environmental context-dependent memory: A review and …
Context Effects Experimental studies of the effects of environmental context on various aspects of memory date back at least to Carr (1925), who examined influences of incidental …
Journal of Reading Behavior
52 Journal of Reading Behavior There was a significant main effect for context condition, F(3, 44) = 13.70, p <.001. Three planned orthogonal comparisons indicated greater recall in the two ap-
THE - BinYaprak
Contagion (Social psychology) 3. Causation. 4. Context effects (Psychology) I. Title. HM1033.G53 2000 302--dc21 99-047576 10 987654321 Design: Meryl Sussman Levavi/Digitext, Inc. …
Pretraining Context Effects: Training Assignment as Feedback …
Journal of Applied Psychology 1995, Vol. 80, No. 2,226-238 ... 002I-9010/95/S3.00 Pretraining Context Effects: Training Assignment as Feedback Miguel A. Quinones Rice University
Social Context Effects in Persuasion: The Effects of ... - Springer
will be addressed later in this chapter (e.g., the effects of group discussion on atti tude change, Lamm & Myers, 1978), relatively little attention has been paid to the effects of the social …
Central locus for nonspeech context effects on phonetic …
et al. ~2000! suggest that nonspeech context effects are pri-marily due to masking. On the other hand, they propose that speech context effects are due specifically to perception of speech …
Does coaching work? A meta-analysis on the effects of …
context, The Journal of Positive Psychology: Dedicated to furthering research and promoting good practice, DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2013.837499 ... tive effects on all outcomes with effect sizes …
Willingness to Communicate in a Second Language
context. This Element then categorizes six key perspectives that have informed WTC research: social psychological, cultural, dynamic, ecological, multimodal, and digital. By analyzing …
Context Effects in Social and Psychological Research
Norbert Schwarz Seymour Sudman Editors Context Effects in Social and Psychological Research With 10 Illustrations Springer-Verlag New York Berlin Heidelberg London Paris
Game Management, Context Effects, and Calibration: The
Game Management, Context Effects, and Calibration 97 whatever is deemed best for an optimal flow of the game. Hence, there is a trade-off
Choice Modeling and Assortment Optimization in the …
The context effects are well explored in marketing and psychology literature. However, in the revenue management literature, there is much less work that incorporates these effects in …
Trustworthy but not lust-worthy: context-specific - JSTOR
effects of resemblance on attractiveness were significantly lower. In the context of a long-term relationship, where both prosocial regard and sexual appeal are important criteria, facial …
Continued effects of context reinstatement in recognition
CONTINUED CONTEXT EFFECTS 3 Continued effects of context reinstatement in recognition When an item one tries to memorize occurs in a certain context, reinstating this particular …
Positive Psychology and Cultural Sensitivity: A Review of the …
aspect of positive psychology places individuals in a societal context and focuses on their position within the community. These desirable traits include: “responsibility, nurturance, altruism, …
The neuroscience of placebo effects: connecting context
Review, share many similarities with context effects on visual perception 22–24 , memory 25 , decision making 26–28 , athletic 29 and cognitive 30 performance, and other pro
The effect of context attractiveness on product ... - Springer
2.1 Context effects and product attractiveness Research in cognitive psychology has successfully demonstrated that the context affects consumers’ perceptions of target stimuli (Bless and …
Media Context and Advertising Effectiveness: The Role of …
findings on the effects of these media context factors. Two aspects in particular will be discussed: the mod-erating effect of product category involvement on the relationship between ad/context …
Attitudes: Introduction and Scope - Annenberg School for …
as an impressive amount of research on context effects in the study of attitudes. Moreover, conceptualizing attitudes as memories but not judgments could possibly exclude the literature …
The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology
Publisher Psychology Press Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37- ... of priming effects across context changes …
Not Not Just Just for for Consumers: Consumers: Context …
limitedtoconsumerchoiceandhigh-leveldecisions,andit indicatesthat contexteffects maybeamenabletoageneral explanation at the level of the basic decision process. We …
High-level context effects on spatial displacement: the …
context effects in spatial displacement. They provide a novel approach to estimating the remembered location of an implied motion image by employing a cursor-positioning task. Both …
Can different contexts affect memory recall? - ResearchGate
effects of context change on recall and recognition is an issue well worth investigating. The results of this research have a variety of uses for real-life contextual stimuli, for example in ...
How context changes the neural basis of perception and …
Context is traditionally considered like a Maggi seasoning, ‘‘spicing up’’ the core of cognitive processing. This is unlikely to be correct. Quite on the contrary, context is not something we …
An Interactive Activation Model of Context Effects in
An Interactive Activation Model of Context Effects in Letter Perception: Part 2. The Contextual Enhancement Effect and Some Tests and Extensions of the Model David E. Rumelhart and …
Context effects in games: Local versus global sequential …
Context effects in games: Local versus global sequential effects on choice in the prisoner’s dilemma game Ivo Vlaev∗ and Nick Chater Department of Psychology University College …
