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| contingent employment definition economics: Contingent Work Kathleen Barker, Kathleen Christensen, 1998 The successful 1997 strike by the Teamsters against UPS, and the overwhelming support the American public gave the strikers highlighted the impact of contingent work--an umbrella term for a variety of tenuous and insecure employment arrangements. This book examines the consequences of working contingently for the individual, family, and community. |
| contingent employment definition economics: Core and Contingent Work in the European Union Edoardo Ales, Olaf Deinert, Jeff Kenner, 2017-02-23 Labour and social security law studies have addressed the topic of the decline of the standard employment relationship mainly from the point of view of the growing number of atypical relationships. Only a limited number of studies have examined the issue from the perspective of the differentiation between core and contingent work. Such an examination is necessary as the increase in contingent work leads to complicated legal questions which vary between European states depending on the type of contingent arrangements that have become most prevalent. This book analyses, using a comparative approach, these different types of contingency from a national and EU perspective touching on the work relationship from a labour as well as a social security point of view. The aim of the book is to identify and analyse those questions adopting an innovative approach and to put forward proposals for safeguarding social cohesion within undertakings and European society. |
| contingent employment definition economics: Contingent and Alternative Employment Arrangements , 1995 |
| contingent employment definition economics: The Institutionalist Tradition in Labor Economics Dell P. Champlin, Janet T. Knoedler, 2004 Including the views of both labour and institutional economists, this text portrays the institutionalist tradition in labour as it exists today, as well as tracing its historical and theoretical origins. |
| contingent employment definition economics: Contingent Employment in Europe and the United States Ola Bergström, Donald W. Storrie, 2003 'Bergström and Storrie are to be praised for what stands as a highly readable, engaging account of the development of temporary work, and also one that breaks new ground. The focus here is not just on profiling national trends, but also on locating them in a broader regulatory context. At a time when even the most passive regulation is derided for undermining flexibility and holding back growth, the insights contained in this book are of considerable value. In my view, Contingent Employment in Europe and the United States should be essential reading both for academics and policymakers.' - Ian Kirkpatrick, Industrial Relations Journal Contingent Employment in Europe and the United States examines the developments in labour markets in advanced economies in the 21st century, as regards contingent employment. This is defined as employment relationships that can be terminated with minimal costs within a predetermined period of time. This includes fixed-term contracts, temporary agency work and self-employment. Contingent employment has been the subject of much legislative activity in the last decade, at both the national and European level. Temporary agency work, in particular, has recently been extensively deregulated in most European countries and currently we await the fate of a proposed EU directive on agency work. The book is therefore highly topical. |
| contingent employment definition economics: The Elgar Companion to Feminist Economics Janice Peterson, Margaret Lewis, 2001-01-01 Comprehensive reference work introducing readers to the field of feminist economics. It addresses key concepts as well as feminist economic critiques and reconstructions of major economic theories and policy debates. |
| contingent employment definition economics: Monthly Labor Review , 2001-03 Publishes in-depth articles on labor subjects, current labor statistics, information about current labor contracts, and book reviews. |
| contingent employment definition economics: Private Government Elizabeth Anderson, 2019-04-30 Why our workplaces are authoritarian private governments—and why we can’t see it One in four American workers says their workplace is a “dictatorship.” Yet that number almost certainly would be higher if we recognized employers for what they are—private governments with sweeping authoritarian power over our lives. Many employers minutely regulate workers’ speech, clothing, and manners on the job, and employers often extend their authority to the off-duty lives of workers, who can be fired for their political speech, recreational activities, diet, and almost anything else employers care to govern. In this compelling book, Elizabeth Anderson examines why, despite all this, we continue to talk as if free markets make workers free, and she proposes a better way to think about the workplace, opening up space for discovering how workers can enjoy real freedom. |
| contingent employment definition economics: The Routledge Handbook of Feminist Economics Günseli Berik, Ebru Kongar, 2021-05-23 The Routledge Handbook of Feminist Economics presents a comprehensive overview of the contributions of feminist economics to the discipline of economics and beyond. Each chapter situates the topic within the history of the field, reflects upon current debates, and looks forward to identify cutting-edge research. Consistent with feminist economics’ goal of strong objectivity, this Handbook compiles contributions from different traditions in feminist economics (including but not limited to Marxian political economy, institutionalist economics, ecological economics and neoclassical economics) and from different disciplines (such as economics, philosophy and political science). The Handbook delineates the social provisioning methodology and highlights its insights for the development of feminist economics. The contributors are a diverse mix of established and rising scholars of feminist economics from around the globe who skilfully frame the current state and future direction of feminist economic scholarship. This carefully crafted volume will be an essential resource for researchers and instructors of feminist economics. |
| contingent employment definition economics: The Fissured Workplace David Weil, 2014-02-17 In the twentieth century, large companies employing many workers formed the bedrock of the U.S. economy. Today, on the list of big business's priorities, sustaining the employer-worker relationship ranks far below building a devoted customer base and delivering value to investors. As David Weil's groundbreaking analysis shows, large corporations have shed their role as direct employers of the people responsible for their products, in favor of outsourcing work to small companies that compete fiercely with one another. The result has been declining wages, eroding benefits, inadequate health and safety protections, and ever-widening income inequality. From the perspectives of CEOs and investors, fissuring--splitting off functions that were once managed internally--has been phenomenally successful. Despite giving up direct control to subcontractors and franchises, these large companies have figured out how to maintain the quality of brand-name products and services, without the cost of maintaining an expensive workforce. But from the perspective of workers, this strategy has meant stagnation in wages and benefits and a lower standard of living. Weil proposes ways to modernize regulatory policies so that employers can meet their obligations to workers while allowing companies to keep the beneficial aspects of this business strategy. |
| contingent employment definition economics: Introduction to Business Lawrence J. Gitman, Carl McDaniel, Amit Shah, Monique Reece, Linda Koffel, Bethann Talsma, James C. Hyatt, 2024-09-16 Introduction to Business covers the scope and sequence of most introductory business courses. The book provides detailed explanations in the context of core themes such as customer satisfaction, ethics, entrepreneurship, global business, and managing change. Introduction to Business includes hundreds of current business examples from a range of industries and geographic locations, which feature a variety of individuals. The outcome is a balanced approach to the theory and application of business concepts, with attention to the knowledge and skills necessary for student success in this course and beyond. This is an adaptation of Introduction to Business by OpenStax. You can access the textbook as pdf for free at openstax.org. Minor editorial changes were made to ensure a better ebook reading experience. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. |
| contingent employment definition economics: Contingent Work Polly Callaghan, Heidi Hartmann, 1991 Contingent workers are those employed in jobs that do not fit the traditional description of a full-time, permanent job with benefits. Contingent work takes the form of part-time, temporary, and contract employment. The number of contingent workers in 1988 has been estimated at between 29.9 and 36.6 million, representing 25-30 percent of the civilian work force. Reasons to be disturbed about the growth and magnitude of contingent employment include the following: the potential negative effects on the overall economy; inequities in pay and health benefits and lack of workplace protections that many contingent workers experience; and potential burdens these inequities may place on the welfare system. Those employed in part-time work are disproportionately female, younger (16-24), or older (65+), and those employed in temporary work are disproportionately female, minority, and young. Growth in contingent employment has been motivated by structural shifts, avoidance of fringe benefits costs, and short-and long-run flexibility. Policy options include direct regulation of the quantity of contingent work, reduction of contingent workers by use of other forms of work arrangements to provide flexibility, and reporting by users of contingent workers to a regulatory agency. (Twenty-five figures and one chart are provided. Appendixes include 10 tables, a 19-item bibliography, a list of 6 Economic Policy Institute publications, and a list of 10 other publications of interest.) (YLB) |
| contingent employment definition economics: The Economics of Women, Men, and Work Francine D. Blau, Marianne A. Ferber, Anne E. Winkler, 1998 This single, highly accessible volume explores the most current summary and synthesis of research and data from economics and the social sciences on women, men, and work in the labor market and household. Women and Men: Changing Roles in a Changing Economy. The Family as an Economic Unit. The Allocation of Time Between the Household and the Labor Market. Differences in Occupations and Earnings: Overview. Differences in Occupations and Earnings: The Human Capital Model. Differences in Occupations and Earnings: The Role of Labor Market Discrimination. Recent Developments in the Labor Market: Their Impact on Women and Men. Changing Work Roles and the Family. Policies to Balance Paid Work and Family. Gender Differences in Other Countries. Economists, Sociologists, Social Workers, Demographers, Policy Analysts, Labor Market Analysts. Also of interest to noneconomists and students who would like to learn about gender issues in the workplace and in the family but have little, if any, prior background in economics. -- Publisher. |
| contingent employment definition economics: The Shadow Economy Friedrich Schneider, Dominik H. Enste, 2013-02-14 This book presents new data to give an overview of shadow economies from OECD countries and propose solutions to prevent illicit work. |
| contingent employment definition economics: Economic Dignity Gene Sperling, 2021-10-12 “Timely and important . . . It should be our North Star for the recovery and beyond.” —Hillary Clinton “Sperling makes a forceful case that only by speaking to matters of the spirit can liberals root their belief in economic justice in people’s deepest aspirations—in their sense of purpose and self-worth.” —The New York Times When Gene Sperling was in charge of coordinating economic policy in the Obama White House, he found himself surprised when serious people in Washington told him that the Obama focus on health care was a distraction because it was “not focused on the economy.” How, he asked, was the fear felt by millions of Americans of being one serious illness away from financial ruin not considered an economic issue? Too often, Sperling found that we measured economic success by metrics like GDP instead of whether the economy was succeeding in lifting up the sense of meaning, purpose, fulfillment, and security of people. In Economic Dignity, Sperling frames the way forward in a time of wrenching change and offers a vision of an economy whose guiding light is the promotion of dignity for all Americans. |
| contingent employment definition economics: Rethinking Workplace Regulation Katherine V.W. Stone, Harry Arthurs, 2013-02-14 During the middle third of the 20th century, workers in most industrialized countries secured a substantial measure of job security, whether through legislation, contract or social practice. This “standard employment contract,” as it was known, became the foundation of an impressive array of rights and entitlements, including social insurance and pensions, protection against unsociable working conditions, and the right to bargain collectively. Recent changes in technology and the global economy, however, have dramatically eroded this traditional form of employment. Employers now value flexibility over stability, and increasingly hire employees for short-term or temporary work. Many countries have also repealed labor laws, relaxed employee protections, and reduced state-provided benefits. As the old system of worker protection declines, how can labor regulation be improved to protect workers? In Rethinking Workplace Regulation, nineteen leading scholars from ten countries and half a dozen disciplines present a sweeping tour of the latest policy experiments across the world that attempt to balance worker security and the new flexible employment paradigm. Edited by noted socio-legal scholars Katherine V.W. Stone and Harry Arthurs, Rethinking Workplace Regulation presents case studies on new forms of dispute resolution, job training programs, social insurance and collective representation that could serve as policy models in the contemporary industrialized world. The volume leads with an intriguing set of essays on legal attempts to update the employment contract. For example, Bruno Caruso reports on efforts in the European Union to “constitutionalize” employment and other contracts to better preserve protective principles for workers and to extend their legal impact. The volume then turns to the field of labor relations, where promising regulatory strategies have emerged. Sociologist Jelle Visser offers a fresh assessment of the Dutch version of the ‘flexicurity’ model, which attempts to balance the rise in nonstandard employment with improved social protection by indexing the minimum wage and strengthening rights of access to health insurance, pensions, and training. Sociologist Ida Regalia provides an engaging account of experimental local and regional “pacts” in Italy and France that allow several employers to share temporary workers, thereby providing workers job security within the group rather than with an individual firm. The volume also illustrates the power of governments to influence labor market institutions. Legal scholars John Howe and Michael Rawling discuss Australia's innovative legislation on supply chains that holds companies at the top of the supply chain responsible for employment law violations of their subcontractors. Contributors also analyze ways in which more general social policy is being renegotiated in light of the changing nature of work. Kendra Strauss, a geographer, offers a wide-ranging comparative analysis of pension systems and calls for a new model that offers “flexible pensions for flexible workers.” With its ambitious scope and broad inquiry, Rethinking Workplace Regulation illustrates the diverse innovations countries have developed to confront the policy challenges created by the changing nature of work. The experiments evaluated in this volume will provide inspiration and instruction for policymakers and advocates seeking to improve worker’s lives in this latest era of global capitalism. |
| contingent employment definition economics: The Changing Nature of Work National Research Council, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Committee on Techniques for the Enhancement of Human Performance: Occupational Analysis, 1999-09-07 Although there is great debate about how work is changing, there is a clear consensus that changes are fundamental and ongoing. The Changing Nature of Work examines the evidence for change in the world of work. The committee provides a clearly illustrated framework for understanding changes in work and these implications for analyzing the structure of occupations in both the civilian and military sectors. This volume explores the increasing demographic diversity of the workforce, the fluidity of boundaries between lines of work, the interdependent choices for how work is structured-and ultimately, the need for an integrated systematic approach to understanding how work is changing. The book offers a rich array of data and highlighted examples on: Markets, technology, and many other external conditions affecting the nature of work. Research findings on American workers and how they feel about work. Downsizing and the trend toward flatter organizational hierarchies. Autonomy, complexity, and other aspects of work structure. The committee reviews the evolution of occupational analysis and examines the effectiveness of the latest systems in characterizing current and projected changes in civilian and military work. The occupational structure and changing work requirements in the Army are presented as a case study. |
| contingent employment definition economics: Nonstandard Work in Developed Economies Susan N. Houseman, Machiko Ōsawa, 2003 Comprises a collection of papers which use an interdisciplinary and cross-country comparative framework to understand why nonstandard work has grown in so many countries and its implications for workers. |
| contingent employment definition economics: Nonstandard Work in Developed Economies Susan N. Houseman, Machiko Ōsawa, 2003 Comprises a collection of papers which use an interdisciplinary and cross-country comparative framework to understand why nonstandard work has grown in so many countries and its implications for workers. |
| contingent employment definition economics: Nonstandard Work Françoise J. Carré, 2000 Comprises a collection of papers which discuss the decline of the standard employment relationship and the emerging new employment arrangements. Focuses on the 1990s. |
| contingent employment definition economics: What Do Unions Do? Thomas S. Barrows, 2017-09-08 One of the best-known and most-quoted books ever written on labor unions is What Do Unions Do? by Richard Freeman and James Medoff. Published in 1984, the book proved to be a landmark because it provided the most comprehensive and statistically sophisticated empirical portrait of the economic and socio-political effects of unions, and a provocative conclusion that unions are on balance beneficial for the economy and society.The present volume represents a twentieth-anniversary retrospective and evaluation of What Do Unions Do? The objectives are threefold: to evaluate and critique the theory, evidence, and conclusions of Freeman and Medoff; to provide a comprehensive update of the theoretical and empirical literature on unions since the publication of their book; and to offer a balanced assessment and critique of the effects of unions on the economy and society. Toward this end, internationally recognized representatives of labor and management cover the gamut of subjects related to unions.Topics covered include the economic theory of unions; the history of economic thought on unions; the effect of unions on wages, benefits, capital investment, productivity, income inequality, dispute resolution, and job satisfaction; the performance of unions in an international perspective; the reasons for the decline of unions; and the future of unions. The volume concludes with a chapter by Richard Freeman in which he assesses the arguments and evidence presented in the other chapters and presents his evaluation of how What Do Unions Do? stands up in the light of twenty years of additional experience and research. This highly readable volume is a state-of-the-art survey by internationally recognized experts on the effects and future of labor unions. It will be the benchmark for years to come. |
| contingent employment definition economics: Welfare, Inequality and Social Citizenship Daniel Edmiston, 2020-02-12 Exploring the lived realities of both poverty and prosperity in the UK, this book examines the material and symbolic significance of welfare austerity and its implications for social citizenship and inequality. The book offers a rare and vivid insight into the everyday lives, attitudes and behaviours of the rich as well as the poor, demonstrating how those marginalised and validated by the existing welfare system make sense of the prevailing socio-political settlement and their own position within it. Through the testimonies of both affluent and deprived citizens, the book problematises dominant policy thinking surrounding the functions and limits of welfare, examining the civic attitudes and engagements of the rich and the poor, to demonstrate how welfare austerity and rising structural inequalities secure and maintain institutional legitimacy. The book offers a timely contribution to academic and policy debates pertaining to citizenship, welfare reform and inequality. |
| contingent employment definition economics: Working in Silicon Valley Alan Hyde, 2015-06-11 This work examines the relationship between the rapid technological and economic growth characteristic of high technology districts and their distinct labor market institutions - short job tenures, rapid turnover, flat firm hierarchies, weak internal labor markets, high use of temporary labor, unusual uses of independent contracting, little unionization, unusual employee organization (e.g., chat groups, and ethnic organization), unequal income, minimal employment discrimination litigation, flexible compensation (especially stock options), and heavy use of immigrants on short-term visas. The author suggests that while these distinctive labor market institutions are somewhat unorthodox and may present legal problems, they play essential roles in high growth. |
| contingent employment definition economics: Reconstructing Solidarity Virginia Lee Doellgast, Nathan Lillie, Valeria Pulignano, 2018 Work is widely thought to have become more precarious. Many people feel that unions represent the interests of protected workers in good jobs at the expense of workers with insecure employment, low pay, and less generous benefits. Reconstructing Solidarity: Labour Unions, Precarious Work, and the Politics of Institutional Change in Europe argues the opposite: that unions try to represent precarious workers using a variety of creative campaigning and organizing tactics. Where unions can limit employers' ability to 'exit' labour market institutions and collective agreements, and build solidarity across different groups of workers, this results in a virtuous circle, establishing union control over the labour market. Where they fail to do so, it sets in motion a vicious circle of expanding precarity based on institutional evasion by employers. Ieconstructing Solidarity examines how unions build, or fail to build, inclusive worker solidarity to challenge this vicious circle and to re-regulate increasingly precarious jobs. Comparative case studies from fourteen European countries describe the struggles of workers and unions in industries such as local government, retail, music, metalworking, chemicals, meat packing, and logistics. Their findings argue against the thesis that unions act primarily to protect labour market insiders at the expense of outsiders. |
| contingent employment definition economics: Law and Employment James J. Heckman, Carmen Pages, 2007-11-01 Law and Employment analyzes the effects of regulation and deregulation on Latin American labor markets and presents empirically grounded studies of the costs of regulation. Numerous labor regulations that were introduced or reformed in Latin America in the past thirty years have had important economic consequences. Nobel Prize-winning economist James J. Heckman and Carmen Pagés document the behavior of firms attempting to stay in business and be competitive while facing the high costs of complying with these labor laws. They challenge the prevailing view that labor market regulations affect only the distribution of labor incomes and have little or no impact on efficiency or the performance of labor markets. Using new micro-evidence, this volume shows that labor regulations reduce labor market turnover rates and flexibility, promote inequality, and discriminate against marginal workers. Along with in-depth studies of Colombia, Peru, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Jamaica, and Trinidad, Law and Employment provides comparative analysis of Latin American economies against a range of European countries and the United States. The book breaks new ground by quantifying not only the cost of regulation in Latin America, the Caribbean, and in the OECD, but also the broader impact of this regulation. |
| contingent employment definition economics: Working in the Global Economy Roblyn Simeon, 2013 It is clear that although the human resource management field has been drastically affected by global competition over the last twenty years, most of the research and publications in the field are geared to providing corporations with an understanding of their business environment. This book takes an entirely different approach by looking at the job and career markets from the point of view of individuals who are searching for new strategies to develop their careers in a global environment. This book offers readers the tools they need to evaluate and manage their career environment and personal career profiles, and ultimately, to have a rewarding global career. |
| contingent employment definition economics: What Do Unions Do? Thomas S. Barrows, 2017-09-08 One of the best-known and most-quoted books ever written on labor unions is What Do Unions Do? by Richard Freeman and James Medoff. Published in 1984, the book proved to be a landmark because it provided the most comprehensive and statistically sophisticated empirical portrait of the economic and socio-political effects of unions, and a provocative conclusion that unions are on balance beneficial for the economy and society.The present volume represents a twentieth-anniversary retrospective and evaluation of What Do Unions Do? The objectives are threefold: to evaluate and critique the theory, evidence, and conclusions of Freeman and Medoff; to provide a comprehensive update of the theoretical and empirical literature on unions since the publication of their book; and to offer a balanced assessment and critique of the effects of unions on the economy and society. Toward this end, internationally recognized representatives of labor and management cover the gamut of subjects related to unions.Topics covered include the economic theory of unions; the history of economic thought on unions; the effect of unions on wages, benefits, capital investment, productivity, income inequality, dispute resolution, and job satisfaction; the performance of unions in an international perspective; the reasons for the decline of unions; and the future of unions. The volume concludes with a chapter by Richard Freeman in which he assesses the arguments and evidence presented in the other chapters and presents his evaluation of how What Do Unions Do? stands up in the light of twenty years of additional experience and research. This highly readable volume is a state-of-the-art survey by internationally recognized experts on the effects and future of labor unions. It will be the benchmark for years to come. |
| contingent employment definition economics: For the time being. Accounting for inconclusive findings concerning the effects of temporary employment relationships on solidary behavior of employees , |
| contingent employment definition economics: Handbook of Human Resource Management in Government Stephen E. Condrey, 2010-10-26 HANDBOOK OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN GOVERNMENT, THIRD EDITION The practice of public human resource management has evolved significantly in recent years due to increased outsourcing, privatization, and the diminution of public employee rights. This thoroughly revised and updated edition of the classic reference Handbook of Human Resource Management in Government offers authoritative, state-of-the-art information for public administrators and human resource professionals. The third edition features contributions from noted experts in the field, including Donald E. Klingner, Mary E. Guy, Jonathan P. West, Jeffrey L. Brudney, Montgomery Van Wart, J. J. Steven Ott, Norma M. Riccucci, and many more. Praise for the Handbook of Human Resource Management in Government This third edition of the Handbook of Human Resource Management in Government is an essential resource for scholars, practitioners, and general readers in need of concise summaries of up-to-date, cutting-edge, public personnel administration research. No other handbook on the market more concisely, more comprehensively, more clearly synthesizes this vast, rapidly changing field that remains so vital to effective government performance. RICHARD STILLMAN, editor-in-chief, Public Administration Review The Handbook of Human Resource Management in Government comprehensively and seamlessly blends theory and practice. The result is a clear road map that can finally make HR a key player in helping the government meet the unprecedented challenges facing our nation, our states, and our communities. BOB LAVIGNA, vice president, Research, Partnership for Public Service, Washington, DC With each successive edition, Condrey's Handbook of Human Resource Management in Government becomes a more essential tool for graduate students who wish to improve their understanding of this field. Condrey's own expertise has enabled him to take contributions from leading experts in the field and shape them into a reader that is comprehensive, engaging, and authoritative. DONALD E. KLINGNER, University of Colorado Distinguished Professor, School of Public Affairs, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs; former president, American Society for Public Administration; and fellow, National Academy of Public Administration |
| contingent employment definition economics: Applied Economics and the Critical Realist Critique Paul Downward, 2005-08-18 This intriguing new book examines and analyses the role of critical realism in economics and specifically how this line of thought can be applied to the real world. With contributions from such varying commentators as Sheila Dow, Wendy Olsen and Fred Lee, this new book is unique in its approach and will be of great interest to both economic methodologists and those involved in applied economic studies. |
| contingent employment definition economics: Chaos Or Community? Holly Sklar, 1995 Holly Sklar presents a disturbing vision of the modern, corporation-dominated America, where the rich get richer, the poor are mired in poverty, and the society no longer cares for its children. |
| contingent employment definition economics: Analyzing Oppression Ann E. Cudd, 2006 Analyzing Oppression presents a new, integrated theory of social oppression, which tackles the fundamental question that no theory of oppression has satisfactorily answered: if there is no natural hierarchy among humans, why are some cases of oppression so persistent? Cudd argues that the explanation lies in the coercive co-opting of the oppressed to join in their own oppression. This answer sets the stage for analysis throughout the book, as it explores the questions of how and why the oppressed join in their oppression. Cudd argues that oppression is an institutionally structured harm perpetrated on social groups by other groups using direct and indirect material, economic, and psychological force. Among the most important and insidious of the indirect forces is an economic force that operates through oppressed persons' own rational choices. This force constitutes the central feature of analysis, and the book argues that this force is especially insidious because it conceals the fact of oppression from the oppressed and from others who would be sympathetic to their plight. The oppressed come to believe that they suffer personal failings and this belief appears to absolve society from responsibility. While on Cudd's view oppression is grounded in material exploitation and physical deprivation, it cannot be long sustained without corresponding psychological forces. Cudd examines the direct and indirect psychological forces that generate and sustain oppression. She discusses strategies that groups have used to resist oppression and argues that all persons have a moral responsibility to resist in some way. In the concluding chapter Cudd proposes a concept of freedom that would be possible for humans in a world that is actively opposing oppression, arguing that freedom for each individual is only possible when we achieve freedom for all others. |
| contingent employment definition economics: Raising the Floor Andy Stern, 2016-06-14 Raising the Floor confronts America's biggest economic challenge-the fundamental restructuring of the economy and the emerging disruptive technology that threaten secure jobs and income. Andy Stern convincingly shows why it is time to consider a universal basic income as the nation's twenty-first-century solution to increasing inequality. In 2010, troubled by watching families chase the now-elusive American Dream, Andy Stern began a five-year journey to investigate how technology will impact jobs and the future of work. Stern, formerly the head of the nation's most influential and fastest-growing union, the Service Employees International Union, investigated these issues with a wide range of CEOs, futurists, economists, workers, entrepreneurs, and investment bankers who are shaping the future. The sobering assessment that emerged from his research-across the political spectrum, from libertarians at the CATO Institute to the leaders of the progressive left-is that this time is different: there will be meager benefits that come with full-time work and fewer good jobs overall. Facing such a challenging moment, Stern's solution is fittingly bold: to establish a universal basic income by eliminating many current government programs and adding new resources. At once vivid, provocative, and pragmatic, Raising the Floor will spark a national conversation about creating the new American Dream. |
| contingent employment definition economics: The Earthscan Reader in Environmental Economics Anil Markandya, 2017-10-03 Environmental economics may hold the key to the successful management of the world's accelerating environmental problems, from transport and pollution to the wholesale degradation of much of the Third World, climate change and loss of the ozone layer. Increasingly a range of professionals and policy makers as well as environmentalists and the economists themselves are turning to it to show how to arrive at decisions on these complicated and vital issues. This reader brings together the most important contributions to the subject. Sections of it cover the theoretical issues, the different ways of valuing the environment, economic instruments of environmental policy, environment and development and global environmental problems. An extensive introduction by the editors maps out the area and the development of the arguments within it. As a whole the volume makes an indispensable sourcebook for those in any way involved with these questions. Anil markandya is one of the authors of Blueprint for a Green Economy and Blueprint 2: Greening the Global Economy. |
| contingent employment definition economics: Community Economics , 1999 |
| contingent employment definition economics: Good Jobs, Bad Jobs, No Jobs Tony Avirgan, Sarah Gammage, 2005 |
| contingent employment definition economics: The Employment Relationship: Key Challenges for HR Paul Sparrow, Cary L. Cooper, 2012-05-04 Challenges Facing the Employment Relationship in Future Organizations addresses the issues of change within employee relationships resulting from the impact of factors such as: * international competitive pressures * technological change * changing individual expectations and behaviours The new employment contract is analysed from inside and outside organizations and the issues are addressed from both a human resource management and work psychology perspective. This book: * Reviews the phenomenon of globalization, outlining the current impacts on the employment relationship and summarizing the assumed impacts on future work * Looks at the employment relationship from a labour market perspective and reviews the evidence on an increasing individualization of the employment relationship * Reviews work by psychologists on the changing psychological contract * Provides an overview of new forms of work organization, drawing attention to research on virtual organization and implications of e-enablement * Outlines the challenges to the employment relation on a global scale |
| contingent employment definition economics: Punishing the Poor Loïc Wacquant, 2009-05-22 The punitive turn of penal policy in the United States after the acme of the Civil Rights movement responds not to rising criminal insecurity but to the social insecurity spawned by the fragmentation of wage labor and the shakeup of the ethnoracial hierarchy. It partakes of a broader reconstruction of the state wedding restrictive “workfare” and expansive “prisonfare” under a philosophy of moral behaviorism. This paternalist program of penalization of poverty aims to curb the urban disorders wrought by economic deregulation and to impose precarious employment on the postindustrial proletariat. It also erects a garish theater of civic morality on whose stage political elites can orchestrate the public vituperation of deviant figures—the teenage “welfare mother,” the ghetto “street thug,” and the roaming “sex predator”—and close the legitimacy deficit they suffer when they discard the established government mission of social and economic protection. By bringing developments in welfare and criminal justice into a single analytic framework attentive to both the instrumental and communicative moments of public policy, Punishing the Poor shows that the prison is not a mere technical implement for law enforcement but a core political institution. And it reveals that the capitalist revolution from above called neoliberalism entails not the advent of “small government” but the building of an overgrown and intrusive penal state deeply injurious to the ideals of democratic citizenship. Visit the author’s website. |
| contingent employment definition economics: Employee Relations in Context David Farnham, 2000 This volume analyses the issues surrounding employment today and explores the challenges that lie at the heart of the workplace. This second edition has been thoroughly revised and updated |
| contingent employment definition economics: Employment Security Sukti Dasgupta, 2001 As labour markets become more flexible, employment security is negativelyaffected. Protected formal employment has fallen, and various kinds of non-standardemployment have emerged. This paper explores some conceptual and related empiricalissues surrounding employment security in the light of recent developments in thelabour market. It takes into account subjective and objective elements of employmentsecurity, and differentiates between contractual, behavioural and governance indicatorsat the national, enterprise and individual levels. |
CONTINGENT Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of CONTINGENT is dependent on or conditioned by something else. How to use …
CONTINGENT | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
CONTINGENT definition: 1. a group of people representing an organization or country, or a part of a military force: …
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When an event or situation is contingent, it means that it depends on some other event or fact. For example, …
CONTINGENT definition and meaning | Collins English Dict…
A contingent is a group of people representing a country or organization at a meeting or other event. The strong …
Contingent - definition of contingent by The Free Dictio…
1. dependent on something not yet certain; conditional: plans contingent on the weather. 2. liable to happen or not; …
CONTINGENT Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of CONTINGENT is dependent on or conditioned by something else. How to use contingent in a sentence. Synonym Discussion of Contingent.
CONTINGENT | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
CONTINGENT definition: 1. a group of people representing an organization or country, or a part of a military force: 2…. Learn more.
Contingent - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms - Vocabulary.com
When an event or situation is contingent, it means that it depends on some other event or fact. For example, sometimes buying a new house has to be contingent upon someone else buying …
CONTINGENT definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
A contingent is a group of people representing a country or organization at a meeting or other event. The strong British contingent suffered mixed fortunes. The whistles from the large …
Contingent - definition of contingent by The Free Dictionary
1. dependent on something not yet certain; conditional: plans contingent on the weather. 2. liable to happen or not; uncertain; possible: contingent expenses. 3. happening by chance or without …
contingent - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
May 28, 2025 · An event which may or may not happen; that which is unforeseen, undetermined, or dependent on something future. That which falls to one in a division or apportionment …
How to Use Contingency vs contingent Correctly - GRAMMARIST
Contingent means conditional, dependent on chance, occuring dependent on circumstance. When used in this sense, contingent is an adjective. When used as a noun, contingent means …
What does contingent mean? - Definitions.net
Contingent generally refers to something that is dependent on something else or subject to change due to certain conditions or circumstances. It typically represents uncertainty or a …
CONTINGENT Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
Contingent definition: dependent for existence, occurrence, character, etc., on something not yet certain; conditional (often followed by on orupon ).. See examples of CONTINGENT used in a …
Contingent Definition & Meaning | Britannica Dictionary
CONTINGENT meaning: depending on something else that might or might not happen usually + on or upon
