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| canada us dollar exchange rate history: Fixed or Flexible Exchange Rates? History and Perspectives Marin Muzhani, 2018-05-15 This book compares and contrasts flexible versus fixed exchange rate regimes. Beginning with their theoretical justifications, it showcases their observed advantages and disadvantages as they played out in the currency crises of the 1990s and early 2000s across Asia, Europe and Latin America. An analysis of the drivers and implications of these crises singles out fast-paced liberalization and globalization as having played central roles. Moreover it sheds light on some of the factors contributing to the 2008 financial crisis and the key monetary events in its aftermath. An accessible, yet rigorous discussion, supported by extensive evidence, helps readers reach their own conclusions regarding the respective merits of alternative exchange rate systems. |
| canada us dollar exchange rate history: The Young Investor Dan Fournier, 2008 Finally, a book about investing written in plain English for both Canadians and Americans. The Young Investor is the most complete guide to investing in today's global marketplace using the very best online tools and resources. At any age, it is never too late to learn how to invest your money and secure a bright financial future for yourself. The Young Investor will HELP YOU: Learn about investing in very simple terms Learn how to choose investments that are right for you Learn how to manage investments yourself through an online broker Easily access the very best online tools and resources on investing Achieve wealth and realize your most precious dreams Help the SPCA (The author will donate 10% of the net proceeds to SPCA International, see www.spca.com Brief Contents: Chapter - Why Invest? - A Global Market - Investment Types - General Investing Guidelines & Tips - Avoid Mutual Funds…Embrace Exchange-Traded Funds - Anatomy of a Stock - Do it Yourself! Online Investing - Alternative Investment Strategies - The Offshore Advantage Appendix A - Investment Resources Appendix B - Investment Glossary Visit www.TheYoungInvestor.net to: Read Chapter 1 - Why Invest? for FREE Enter a CONTEST to WIN $2,000 to start your own investment portfolio Get additional details about the book Get updates for weblinks found in the book See how to obtain an e-book version of this book for your desktop or handheld computer Learn more about investing |
| canada us dollar exchange rate history: An Exchange Rate History of the United Kingdom Alain Naef, 2022-09-29 This history of sterling shows how the Bank of England defended the pound and managed foreign exchange. |
| canada us dollar exchange rate history: Towards North American Monetary Union? Eric Helleiner, 2006-05-10 Many believe that Canada's deepening economic integration with the United States and the worldwide trend towards currency blocs will eventually lead to a North American monetary union. In the first detailed analysis of Canadian exchange rate politics, Eric Helleiner challenges this view. |
| canada us dollar exchange rate history: Federal Power Commission Reports United States. Federal Power Commission, 1964 Contains all the formal opinions and accompanying orders of the Federal Power Commission ... In addition to the formal opinions, there have been included intermediate decisions which have become final and selected orders of the Commission issued during such period. |
| canada us dollar exchange rate history: A History of the Canadian Dollar James Powell, Bank of Canada, 2005 |
| canada us dollar exchange rate history: Economic Analysis & Canadian Policy David Stager, 2013-10-22 Economic Analysis & Canadian Policy: Seventh Edition deals with concepts and theories in economics and its relation to Canadian economic policies. The major revision in this edition deals with the development of the real sector model for the macroeconomy. The book is divided into two parts. Part I is a general overview of economics and includes topics such as basic economic decisions, economic policies and analysis, supply and demand, market price, and the role of the government in the economy. Part II deals with the Canadian economy - its economic goals, economic growth, and national income; its banking systems; its fiscal policy, public debt, and budget deficit; and international trade policies, patterns, and rationale. Part III covers consumer demand, production costs, supply, market competition, and market structure. Part IV talks about labor market and wages, income distribution in Canada, and regional income disparity. The text is recommended for economists and financial analysts, especially those who would like to study about Canada's economy and its policies. |
| canada us dollar exchange rate history: International Monetary Power David M. Andrews, 2006 This book provides a thorough overview of how money is used as a tool to achieve international political aims. |
| canada us dollar exchange rate history: Trump's War on Capitalism David Stockman, 2024-01-09 Donald Trump had all the right enemies while in office—but that was about all he had right. And with the election of 2024 fast approaching, the essence of the moment is this: Lock him out of both the nomination and the Oval Office. David Stockman, the New York Times and Wall Street Journal bestselling author of The Great Deformation, dissects Trump’s economic policies and exposes him as the failed businessman that he is—not a conservative and definitely not a Republican. The border wall, the tariff war with China, and Trump’s disastrous response to COVID-19 were all remarkably misguided failures of policy that hurt American prosperity. Even his claims of job creation fell flat too—Trump’s tenure was the only presidential term in which private payrolls in the US economy actually shrank—well, at least since Herbert Hoover! America cannot endure another four years of Donald Trump. Nor, can it tolerate another election where a woebegone Democrat wins by default owing to the simple fact that they are not Donald Trump. Trump’s War on Capitalism exposes his miserable record as a big spender, easy moneyman, hard-core protectionist, immigrant-basher, militarist, and all-around Big Government statist—all reason enough to lock Trump out of the 2024 election. |
| canada us dollar exchange rate history: Globalization and Well-being John F. Helliwell, 2002 Researchers and policy-makers are taking a new look at public policies to find broader grounds for assessing their economic and social impacts on individuals, families, communities, and nations. This book introduces this new research on social capital and well-being and applies it to key issues facing individuals and governments in the age of globalization. John Helliwell first looks at the latest evidence about the extent to which globalization has altered the scope and salience of nation-states. He then deals with the implications for both domestic and international policies. Throughout the book, the author emphasizes well-being as an explicit focus for research and for public policies. He argues that, whatever one thinks of globalization, there is ample scope for countries like Canada to not only retain their distinctive qualities but also to have independent national and international policies. Globalization and Well-Being is essential reading for all those trying to think their way through the welter of conflicting assertions about what is left for national policies in today's world. It will be of special interest to those thinking about whether Canada should focus on its North American linkages or on building bridges to the broader international community. |
| canada us dollar exchange rate history: From Wall Street to Bay Street Christopher Kobrak, Joe Martin, 2018-01-01 From Wall Street to Bay Street is the first book for a lay audience to tackle the similarities and differences between the financial systems of Canada and the United States. Christopher Kobrak and Joe Martin reveal the different paths each system has taken since the early nineteenth-century. |
| canada us dollar exchange rate history: Prospects for Canadian-United States Economic Relations Under Free Trade William S. Milberg, Philip F. Bartholomew, 1990 |
| canada us dollar exchange rate history: Toward an East Asian Exchange Rate Regime Duck-Koo Chung, Barry Eichengreen, 2007-05-01 East Asian exchange rates have become a global flashpoint. U.S. policymakers blame artificially low Asian currency values for global imbalances, including America's ballooning current account deficit. The solution, they argue, lies in some combination of greater exchange rate flexibility and the appreciation of Asian currencies against the dollar. Asian officials recognize the need to let their exchange rates rise, but they fear that would hamper growth and cut sharply into the value of their dollar reserves. Toward an East Asian Exchange Rate Regime offers a timely and comprehensive analysis of the resulting debates, drawing on expertise from China, Japan, South Korea, and the United States. The introduction reviews the issues at stake, sketches a variety of proposed exchange rate regimes, and discusses comparisons between East Asia and the West. Subsequent chapters examine the connection between global financial imbalances and East Asian monetary cooperation, China's potential role in regional coordination, the relationship between monetary and trade integration, and different paths toward regional cooperation. Authoritative yet concise, this is an essential primer on East Asian monetary integration. Contributors include Gongpil Choi (Korean Institute of Finance, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco), Masahiro Kawai (University of Tokyo, Asian Development Bank), Kwanho Shin (Korea University), Yunjong Wang (SK Institute), Masaru Yoshitomi (RIETI,Tokyo), and Yongding Yu (Chinese Academy of Social Sciences). |
| canada us dollar exchange rate history: Crossing the Atlantic Patrick M. Crowley, 2017-11-30 Given the legal, political, economic and social similarities that exist, comparisons between the European Union (EU) and Canada can prove instructive. This volume introduces the rationale for comparing Canada and the EU and reviews the political initiatives that have been undertaken to forge links between the two. Taking the political and economic structure used by the EU, it compares this structure to the Canadian model, at both the federal/supranational level and the local government level. Using various disciplinary approaches and case studies, specific policy areas are used to illustrate these comparisons, and several of the papers in the collection extend these comparisons to the NAFTA level. A highly useful reference tool, Crossing the Atlantic will intrigue and inform an interdisciplinary and inter-regional studies audience. |
| canada us dollar exchange rate history: History of the IMF Kazuhiko Yago, Yoshio Asai, Masanao Itoh, 2015-06-10 This book describes the history of the IMF from its birth, through the Bretton Woods era, and in the aftermath. Special attention is paid to integrating IMF history with the macro-economic policies of member countries and of other international institutions as well. This collection of work presents a clear understanding, inter alia, of the influence of the United States over IMF policy via the National Advisory Committee; the dealings of the IMF with the UK on pound sterling policy; the institutional change of the IMF brought about by Per Jacobsson, the third managing director; and France, Italy, Germany, Canada, and Japan vis-à-vis IMF consultations. It also provides the reader with topics concerning the bankers’ acceptance market function and international liquidity issues in relation to IMF policy; the final chapter sheds light on the long-standing relations between the IMF and China, from the Bretton Woods Agreement to the contemporary period. All the chapters are archive-based academic studies providing deep insights with historical background, which makes this book the first thoroughly independent achievement in the field of IMF history. This book is highly recommended to readers interested in contemporary monetary and financial history and those who seek to obtain a coherent image of postwar international institutions and markets. |
| canada us dollar exchange rate history: Drawing Lines in Sand and Snow Condon, 2016-09-16 This important book addresses the major issues facing the North American continent: security, economic integration, border management, corruption, and illegal migration. |
| canada us dollar exchange rate history: Governing under Stress Marjorie Griffin Cohen, Stephen Clarkson, 2013-07-04 This volume is the first work to emerge from a major international comparative research project exploring the political economy of globalization. This inter-disciplinary team of scholars is focusing on the semi-periphery of world power. Whether defined in social, cultural, economic or simply spatial terms, 'semi-peripheral' countries share two qualities: they are conscious of their subordination to the hegemonic powers at the centre of the global system - the United States and the European Union; they are also strong enough to have some ability to resist their domination. The structural position of these middle powers in global capitalism is unlike those countries at the centre that do not experience domination, and different from those Third World countries on the periphery that have no means to achieve more cultural and political autonomy, more distinctive and diversified development, or greater social equity and better income redistribution. Four countries in North America, Central America, Europe and the Antipodes - namely Canada, Mexico, Norway and Australia - have been selected in order to explore the complexities of globalization from the perspective of the semi-periphery. Opening chapters examine the international institutions, including the North America Free Trade Agreement, the World Trade Organization and the European Union, which now amount to a quasi-constitutional conditioning framework for middle powers under globalization. In the second part, contributors detail the pressures with which these countries have to cope and consider their ability to pursue policies appropriate to the needs and democratically defined goals of each. And in the concluding part, after discussing the new economic, political and social issues of 'governing under stress', they appraise the possibilities for middle powers to chart distinctive national courses in the face of globalization's constraining challenge. |
| canada us dollar exchange rate history: Orderly Change David M. Andrews, 2011-03-15 The Bretton Woods Conference of 1944 resulted in the formation of the International Monetary Fund and World Bank and helped lay the foundation for an unprecedented expansion of international commerce. Yet six decades later, at the beginning of the twenty-first century, the central characteristics of the Bretton Woods system remain disputed—and the subject of continuing public policy debate. Relying on extensive access to IMF, World Bank, and other archives, the authors show that the history of international monetary relations since Bretton Woods is one of orderly change—that is, change within a sturdy but supple framework. Even during the years of fixed exchange rates, very different practices characterized international monetary relations immediately after World War II, during the 1950s, and during the 1960s. Later, when the fixed exchange-rate system collapsed, underlying commitments to trade liberalization in the context of continuing national economic policy autonomy survived and even flourished. However, the resulting international economic order is now in grave danger: the tension between states' autonomy and their mutual openness has become acute, as international monetary structures no longer appear capable of mediating between these objectives. David M. Andrews and the contributors to Orderly Change examine past transitions as a means of suggesting possible avenues for current and future policymaking. |
| canada us dollar exchange rate history: Britain and Canada and Their Large Neighboring Monetary Unions Amy Verdun, 2006 Britain is confronted with the EU and its Economic and Monetary Union or the 'eurozone' an area of 12 EU Member States in which the Euro is the single currency. At a time in which the discussion revolves around the future of national currencies, this work looks at the question of monetary integration for the cases of Britain and Canada. |
| canada us dollar exchange rate history: Exchange Rate Chaos Charles R. Geisst, 2002-01-04 The Bretton Woods system ensured a quarter of a century of relative stability on the world's financial markets. The quarter of a century which has followed has brought financial chaos and excessive financial volatility. Exchange Rate Chaos: 25 Years of Financial and Consumer Democracy describes and compares US and British financial history during this period. It highlights: * similarites in financial developments between the two countries * consumer democracy: Have the wishes of consumers dominated exchange rate policy? * The decline of the small investor and the hegemony of financial institutions * How the floating exchange rates are manipulated to government advantage One of the few financial histories to deal with the postwar period, this book shows how financial developments have shaped contemporary society and politics. |
| canada us dollar exchange rate history: The Dollarization Debate Dominick Salvatore, James W. Dean, Thomas Willett, 2003-03-27 This book takes a global approach, with an emphasis on North and Latin America respectfully, by discussing one of today's most controversial topics in business; Dollarization. With the collapse of the former Soviet Union, and the formation of the Euro in Europe, many countries and debating whether or not a common currency is in their best interest. This intriguing volume brings together the leading participants in the current dollarization debates. Many advocate the notion of a common currency, while others feel that in doing so will create financial costs for all that take part, with the severity varying from country to country. |
| canada us dollar exchange rate history: Money in International Exchange Ronald I. McKinnon, 1979-06-21 Focusing on monetization of international trade per se, this text analyses common financial practices of merchants and manufacturers, commercial banks, and central banks. |
| canada us dollar exchange rate history: National Currencies and Globalization Paul Bowles, 2007-12-11 This book provides an innovative and systematic analysis of the implications of the theories of globalization for national currencies; and critically examines whether, as a result, the world is heading for fewer currencies. |
| canada us dollar exchange rate history: Money and Exchange in Europe and America, 1600-1775 John J. McCusker, 1992-01 Money and Exchange in Europe and America, 1600-1775: A Handbook |
| canada us dollar exchange rate history: Hard Money, Hard Times Lars Osberg, Pierre Fortin, 1998 Eight leading economists discuss the recent history of monetary policy and its effects on the economy. |
| canada us dollar exchange rate history: Approaches to Greater Flexibility of Exchange Rates C. Fred Bergsten, George Nikolaus Halm, 2015-03-08 This volume contains the papers presented and comments made at two conferences on the controversial subject of greater flexibility of exchange rates. The first of the conferences was held at Oyster Bay, New York, early in 1969, the second at Bürgenstock, Switzerland, in the summer of 1969. One half of the 40 conferees were academic economists, the others were practitioners of the foreign exchange markets, mostly bankers and a few executives of international business firms. Both the opposition to greater flexibility of exchange rates and the advocacy of more flexible systems are represented in these papers. The contrast between fixed or jumping exchange rates and gliding exchange rates is clearly described and the various systems of increased flexibility, such as the wider band and the crawling peg, are explained and examined. Originally published in 1970. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905. |
| canada us dollar exchange rate history: Price Adjustment for Forest Products Under Fixed and Floating Exchange Rate Regimes Virve Susanna Laaksonen, 1998 |
| canada us dollar exchange rate history: Russian Currency and Finance Steve H. Hanke, Lars Jonung, Kurt Schuler, 2005-08-18 As the new Russian state struggles with the transition to a market economy, the need for radical monetary reform becomes increasingly urgent. The choice of reform is crucial, for it will largely determine Russia's future economic performance. In order to break free of the lingering effects of Soviet central planning, the new Russian state needs a stable, convertible currency. Steve H. Hanke, Lars Jonung and Kurt Schuler propose that Russia establishes a currency board which would issue a Russian currency fully convertible with international currency, backed 100 per cent by international bonds. The international community would aid in establishing the currency board by providing the initial reserves. Early supplies of this new Russian currency would be distributed free to Russian citizens. The authors give detailed explanations of how the currency board could be established and how it would work. |
| canada us dollar exchange rate history: Canadian Policy Debates and Case Studies in Honour of David Laidler Robert Leeson, 2009-12-18 This volume brings together some of the world's leading economists, to focus primarily on Canadian policy issues and case study debates in honour of David Laidler. Commemorating his success and active participation in the research and analysis of monetary policy. |
| canada us dollar exchange rate history: Macroeconomics (Canadian Edition) N. Gregory Mankiw, William M. Scarth, 2010-01-22 Mankiw's masterful text covers the field as accessibly and concisely as possible, in a way that emphasizes the relevance of macroeconomics's classical roots and its current practice. Featuring the latest data, new case studies focused on recent events, and a number of significant content updates, the Fourth Edition takes the Mankiw legacy even further. It offers the clearest, most up-to-date, most accessible course in macroeconomics in the most concise presentation possible. |
| canada us dollar exchange rate history: OECD Economic Surveys: Canada 1997 OECD, 1997-11-03 This 1997 edition of OECD's periodic surveys of Canada's economy examines recent economic developments, policies and prospects. It includes a special feature on the tax system. |
| canada us dollar exchange rate history: The International Monetary System Robert J. Carbaugh, Liang-Shing Fan, 1976 International monetary reform is of vital importance to the countries of the world. Although many studies have been made of the structure and problems of the international payment mechanism, few provide an analytical survey of the international monetary system. This study analyzes the structural and operational limitations of past systems as well as the major reform proposals for modifying and/or replacing the current system with a new payment mechanism. The authors describe the structure and nature of the international payment system and identify the issues relating to international adjustment, liquidity, and confidence. They discuss the nature of international liquidity, including liquidity's purpose, sources of demand and supply, and potential shortcomings. They analyze the theoretical and empirical implications of the gold standard. Of primary concern is the extent to which the actual operations of the system corresponded to the theoretical role of the gold standard, and the nature and limitations of the so-called dollar-gold system that prevailed in the past quarter century until 1971. The major reform proposals of the international payment mechanism are next discussed. Included are the proposals of historical interest such as Keynes, Triffin, Bernstein, Stamp, Angell, Rueff, and the currently debated issues of the Special Drawing Rights standard, freely floating exchange rates, and the wider-band and crawling-pegged exchange rate mechanisms. Finally the authors analyze the nature, operation, and future role of the managed float exchange rate system, which resulted from the international monetary crisis of 1973. Of particular interest are the effects of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries' (OPEC) cartel on the U.S. dollar as a reserve currency, and the monetary effects of the cartel's balance-of-payments surplus on the world financial markets. This study provides the historical background, the institutional framework, and a balanced analysis of problems involved in the international monetary system. It will be of interest to all students of economics and finance, and should be read by anyone wishing to understand the world of ever-expanding trade. |
| canada us dollar exchange rate history: How to Buy U.S. Real Estate with the Personal Property Purchase System Kimberley Marr, 2012-02-27 HOW TO BUY U.S. REAL ESTATE WITH THE PERSONAL PROPERTY PURCHASE SYSTEM If you are thinking about buying real estate in the United States, either as a vacation property or an investment opportunity, this book provides you with comprehensive yet easy-to-understand information. Kimberley Marr, a Canadian real estate broker, has teamed up with a group of cross-border legal and tax professionals, mortgage specialists and U.S. real estate brokers each with years of experience. The Personal Property Purchase System outlines processes and considerations when purchasing property in the United States. U.S. destinations, especially in the Sunbelt, are popular choices for Canadians who are looking for a vacation/second property or investment opportunity. Statistics show that Canadians have been among the largest foreign groups of buyers of U.S. real estate. Price, accessibility, strength of the Canadian currency and similarities in culture are the primary reasons. But, you must keep in mind that the U.S. is a different country, with different laws. You need to be aware of these laws and comply with them. How to Buy U.S. Real Estate highlights important considerations in deciding what you want in a U.S. property, in what location and at what price. You will learn about Canadian and U.S. mortgages, titling options, foreclosures and short-sale property, medical and other insurance needs, currency issues, and much more. Put the Personal Property Purchase System to work for you. It will provide you with valuable information and help you make the decision that is right for your personal or investment strategy. —PAMELA ALEXANDER, CEO RE/MAX Integra Corporation Kimberley Marr has demonstrated outstanding cross-border knowledge as a real estate broker, and has written a terrific primer that is a must-read for all Canadians looking to buy U.S. real estate. —DAVID ALTRO, Attorney, Managing Partner, Altro & Associates, LLP A well-written and thoughtful guide to purchasing U.S. real estate. The tools and checklists are so helpful that I plan to use them for my next home purchase. —SUSAN INEZ POSKUS, President, Thomas C. Roberge & Company |
| canada us dollar exchange rate history: The 1988 Economic Report of the President United States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee, 1988 |
| canada us dollar exchange rate history: Introduction to Finance Ronald W. Melicher, Edgar A. Norton, 2013-10-28 The fifteenth edition of Introduction to Finance: Markets, Investments, and Financial Management builds upon the successes of its earlier editions while maintaining a fresh and up-to-date coverage of the field of finance. Distinguished authors Ron Melicher and Edgar Norton continue to cover the three major financial areas: institutions and markets, investments, and financial management. Their effective structure equips instructors with maximum flexibility for how the course is taught, and students with an integrated perspective of the different foundations of finance. This survey of the basic knowledge, concepts, and terms of the discipline is appropriate for all students. For those who do not plan to take additional courses in finance, it provides a valuable overview. For those who want to take additional coursework in finance, it provides a solid foundation for their future studies and careers. |
| canada us dollar exchange rate history: The Role of Exchange Rates in Canadian-U.S. Lumber Trade Darius Mainard Adams, 1986 |
| canada us dollar exchange rate history: Thirty Years of Failure Robert MacNeil, 2019-11-13T00:00:00Z Thirty years ago, Canada was a climate leader, designing policy to curb rising emissions and demanding the same of other countries. But in the intervening decades, Canada has become more of a climate villain, rejecting global attempts to slow climate change and ignoring ever-increasing emissions at home. How did Canada go from climate leader to climate villain? In Thirty Years of Failure, Robert MacNeil examines Canada’s changing climate policy in meticulous detail and argues that the failure of this policy is due to a perfect storm of interrelated and mutually reinforcing cultural, political and economic factors — all of which have made a functional and effective national climate strategy impossible. But as MacNeil reveals, the factors preventing a sensible, sustainable climate policy in Canada are also the keys to change, and he offers readers an understanding of the strategies and policies required to decarbonize the Canadian economy and make Canada a global leader on climate change once again. |
| canada us dollar exchange rate history: The Canadian Encyclopedia James H. Marsh, 1999 This edition of The Canadian Encyclopedia is the largest, most comprehensive book ever published in Canada for the general reader. It is COMPLETE: every aspect of Canada, from its rock formations to its rock bands, is represented here. It is UNABRIDGED: all of the information in the four red volumes of the famous 1988 edition is contained here in this single volume. It has been EXPANDED: since 1988 teams of researchers have been diligently fleshing out old entries and recording new ones; as a result, the text from 1988 has grown by 50% to over 4,000,000 words. It has been UPDATED: the researchers and contributors worked hard to make the information as current as possible. Other words apply to this extraordinary work of scholarship: AUTHORITATIVE, RELIABLE and READABLE. Every entry is compiled by an expert. Equally important, every entry is written for a Canadian reader, from the Canadian point of view. The finished work - many years in the making, and the equivalent of forty average-sized books - is an extraordinary storehouse of information about our country. This book deserves pride of place on the bookshelf in every Canadian Home. It is no accident that the cover of this book is based on the Canadian flag. For the proud truth is that this volume represents a great national achievement. From its formal inception in 1979, this encyclopedia has always represented a vote of faith in Canada; in Canada as a separate place whose natural worlds and whose peoples and their achievements deserve to be recorded and celebrated. At the start of a new century and a new millennium, in an increasingly borderless corporate world that seems ever more hostile to nationaldistinctions and aspirations, this Canadian Encyclopedia is offered in a spirit of defiance and of faith in our future. The statistics behind this volume are staggering. The opening sixty pages list the 250 Consultants, the roughly 4,000 Contributors (all experts in the field they describe) and the scores of researchers, editors, typesetters, proofreaders and others who contributed their skills to this massive project. The 2,640 pages incorporate over 10,000 articles and over 4,000,000 words, making it the largest - some might say the greatest - Canadian book ever published. There are, of course, many special features. These include a map of Canada, a special page comparing the key statistics of the 23 major Canadian cities, maps of our cities, a variety of tables and photographs, and finely detailed illustrations of our wildlife, not to mention the colourful, informative endpapers. But above all the book is encyclopedic - which the Canadian Oxford Dictionary describes as embracing all branches of learning. This means that (with rare exceptions) there is satisfaction for the reader who seeks information on any Canadian subject. From the first entry A mari usque ad mare - from sea to sea (which is Canada's motto, and a good description of this volume's range) to the Zouaves (who mustered in Quebec to fight for the beleaguered Papacy) there is the required summary of information, clearly and accurately presented. For the browser the constant variety of entries and the lure of regular cross-references will provide hours of fasination. The word encyclopedia derives from Greek expressions alluding to a grand circle of knowledge. Our knowledge has expandedimmeasurably since the time that one mnd could encompass all that was known.Yet now Canada's finest scientists, academics and specialists have distilled their knowledge of our country between the covers of one volume. The result is a book for every Canadian who values learning, and values Canada. |
| canada us dollar exchange rate history: Advances in Intelligent Data Analysis V Michael Berthold, 2003-08-21 This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Intelligent Data Analysis, IDA 2003, held in Berlin, Germany in August 2003. The 56 revised papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 180 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on machine learning, probability and topology, classification and pattern recognition, clustering, applications, modeling, and data processing. |
| canada us dollar exchange rate history: Emerging Economies and the Transformation of International Business Subhash C. Jain, 2006 The economic power of Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRICs) is rapidly increasing, changing the landscape of global economics and politics. Top scholars of international business address in this vital volume the markets, strategy implications, challenges and possibilities of this new economic reality. As these four nations acquire greater economic clout, the opportunities for other countries increase. The contributors describe the favorable circumstances these evolving economies could provide for the US and other countries, such as expanded markets and services, higher returns on investments, and new partners in building a more peaceful and prosperous world. In contrast, they also discuss risks to traditional industries and possible challenges to positions on human rights and intellectual property protections, environmental standards, free markets and democratic governments. The volume emphasizes the need for companies to adopt strategies to stay ahead in the changing business environment. Governments must also design and implement new policies geared toward mutually beneficial relationships with BRICs. This enlightening study will be of great interest to students and scholars of international business. Executives of large companies will find it of great practical use when planning their organization s future strategies. |
Canada - Wikipedia
Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's …
Home - Canada.ca
In Canada or abroad, advice, advisories, passports, visit Canada, events, attractions
Canada | History, Population, Immigration, Capital, & Currency …
6 days ago · Canada, the second largest country in the world in area, occupying roughly the northern two-fifths of the continent of North America. Despite Canada’s great size, it is one of …
Canada Maps & Facts - World Atlas
Jan 8, 2024 · Canada is the largest country in North America. Canada is bordered by non-contiguous US state of Alaska in the northwest and by 12 other US states in the south. The …
Canada - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Canada is a country in North America. Its land reaches from the Atlantic Ocean to the east to the Pacific Ocean to the west. The Arctic Ocean is to the north of Canada. Canada's land area is 9.98 …
Canada - The World Factbook
6 days ago · Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic.
Canada - New World Encyclopedia
A federation now comprising ten provinces and three territories, Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy with King Charles III as its head of state. It is a bilingual …
Canada Country Profile - National Geographic Kids
Canada is a vast and rugged land. From north to south it spans more than half the Northern Hemisphere. From east to west it stretches almost 4,700 miles (7,560 kilometers) across six time...
Canada in Brief | Destination Canada - Media Centre
Canada is a diverse, progressive, peaceful and welcoming nation known for its pristine wilderness and stunning natural beauty. It’s vast and varied — a place for both bucket list adventure and …
Canada | The Canadian Encyclopedia
The name “Canada,” is derived from the Iroquoian word kanata, meaning a village or settlement. On 13 August 1535, as Jacques Cartier was nearing Île d'Ant...
Canada - Wikipedia
Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's …
Home - Canada.ca
In Canada or abroad, advice, advisories, passports, visit Canada, events, attractions
Canada | History, Population, Immigration, Capital, & Currency …
6 days ago · Canada, the second largest country in the world in area, occupying roughly the northern two-fifths of the continent of North America. Despite Canada’s great size, it is one of …
Canada Maps & Facts - World Atlas
Jan 8, 2024 · Canada is the largest country in North America. Canada is bordered by non-contiguous US state of Alaska in the northwest and by 12 other US states in the south. The …
Canada - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Canada is a country in North America. Its land reaches from the Atlantic Ocean to the east to the Pacific Ocean to the west. The Arctic Ocean is to the north of Canada. Canada's land area is 9.98 …
Canada - The World Factbook
6 days ago · Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic.
Canada - New World Encyclopedia
A federation now comprising ten provinces and three territories, Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy with King Charles III as its head of state. It is a bilingual …
Canada Country Profile - National Geographic Kids
Canada is a vast and rugged land. From north to south it spans more than half the Northern Hemisphere. From east to west it stretches almost 4,700 miles (7,560 kilometers) across six time...
Canada in Brief | Destination Canada - Media Centre
Canada is a diverse, progressive, peaceful and welcoming nation known for its pristine wilderness and stunning natural beauty. It’s vast and varied — a place for both bucket list adventure and …
Canada | The Canadian Encyclopedia
The name “Canada,” is derived from the Iroquoian word kanata, meaning a village or settlement. On 13 August 1535, as Jacques Cartier was nearing Île d'Ant...
