capital good definition economics: Capital in the Twenty-First Century Thomas Piketty, 2017-08-14 What are the grand dynamics that drive the accumulation and distribution of capital? Questions about the long-term evolution of inequality, the concentration of wealth, and the prospects for economic growth lie at the heart of political economy. But satisfactory answers have been hard to find for lack of adequate data and clear guiding theories. In this work the author analyzes a unique collection of data from twenty countries, ranging as far back as the eighteenth century, to uncover key economic and social patterns. His findings transform debate and set the agenda for the next generation of thought about wealth and inequality. He shows that modern economic growth and the diffusion of knowledge have allowed us to avoid inequalities on the apocalyptic scale predicted by Karl Marx. But we have not modified the deep structures of capital and inequality as much as we thought in the optimistic decades following World War II. The main driver of inequality--the tendency of returns on capital to exceed the rate of economic growth--today threatens to generate extreme inequalities that stir discontent and undermine democratic values if political action is not taken. But economic trends are not acts of God. Political action has curbed dangerous inequalities in the past, the author says, and may do so again. This original work reorients our understanding of economic history and confronts us with sobering lessons for today. |
capital good definition economics: The Economics of Screening and Risk Sharing in Higher Education Bernhard Eckwert, Itzhak Zilcha, 2015-05-14 The Economics of Screening and Risk Sharing in Higher Education explores advances in information technologies and in statistical and social sciences that have significantly improved the reliability of techniques for screening large populations. These advances are important for higher education worldwide because they affect many of the mechanisms commonly used for rationing the available supply of educational services. Using a single framework to study several independent questions, the authors provide a comprehensive theory in an empirically-driven field. Their answers to questions about funding structures for investments in higher education, students' attitudes towards risk, and the availability of arrangements for sharing individual talent risks are important for understanding the theoretical underpinnings of information and uncertainty on human capital formation. - Investigates conditions under which better screening leads to desirable outcomes such as higher human capital accumulation, less income inequality, and higher economic well-being. - Questions how the role of screening relates to the funding structure for investments in higher education and to the availability of risk sharing arrangements for individual talent risks. - Reveals government policies that are suited for controlling or counteracting detrimental side effects along the growth path. |
capital good definition economics: Capitalism without Capital Jonathan Haskel, Stian Westlake, 2018-10-16 Early in the twenty-first century, a quiet revolution occurred. For the first time, the major developed economies began to invest more in intangible assets, like design, branding, and software, than in tangible assets, like machinery, buildings, and computers. For all sorts of businesses, the ability to deploy assets that one can neither see nor touch is increasingly the main source of long-term success. But this is not just a familiar story of the so-called new economy. Capitalism without Capital shows that the growing importance of intangible assets has also played a role in some of the larger economic changes of the past decade, including the growth in economic inequality and the stagnation of productivity. Jonathan Haskel and Stian Westlake explore the unusual economic characteristics of intangible investment and discuss how an economy rich in intangibles is fundamentally different from one based on tangibles. Capitalism without Capital concludes by outlining how managers, investors, and policymakers can exploit the characteristics of an intangible age to grow their businesses, portfolios, and economies. |
capital good definition economics: Essential Economics Matthew Bishop, 2004-05-01 |
capital good definition economics: The Positive Theory of Capital Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk, 1891 Von Boehm-Bawerk is one of the leading economists of the so-called Austrian school. With Karl Menger and others, he has contributed to the development of a theory of value which has received wide acceptance, and has been the cause of still wider discussion, in the economic world. This theory, as elaborated by Boehm von Bawerk, is based largely upon psychological principles. Its chief feature consists in a searching analysis of ‘subjective value.’ In his “Capital and Interest”, the author makes a brilliant and original study of these two subjects. “The Positive Theory of Capital” is the successor to the work mentioned above. |
capital good definition economics: Introduction to Agent-Based Economics Mauro Gallegati, Antonio Palestrini, Alberto Russo, 2017-08-03 Introduction to Agent-Based Economics describes the principal elements of agent-based computational economics (ACE). It illustrates ACE's theoretical foundations, which are rooted in the application of the concept of complexity to the social sciences, and it depicts its growth and development from a non-linear out-of-equilibrium approach to a state-of-the-art agent-based macroeconomics. The book helps readers gain a better understanding of the limits and perspectives of the ACE models and their capacity to reproduce economic phenomena and empirical patterns. - Reviews the literature of agent-based computational economics - Analyzes approaches to agents' expectations - Covers one of the few large macroeconomic agent-based models, the Modellaccio - Illustrates both analytical and computational methodologies for producing tractable solutions of macro ACE models - Describes diffusion and amplification mechanisms - Depicts macroeconomic experiments related to ACE implementations |
capital good definition economics: Capital and Production Richard von Strigl, 1995 |
capital good definition economics: A Whole New Mind Daniel H. Pink, 2006-03-07 New York Times Bestseller An exciting--and encouraging--exploration of creativity from the author of When: The Scientific Secrets of Perfect Timing The future belongs to a different kind of person with a different kind of mind: artists, inventors, storytellers-creative and holistic right-brain thinkers whose abilities mark the fault line between who gets ahead and who doesn't. Drawing on research from around the world, Pink (author of To Sell Is Human: The Surprising Truth About Motivating Others) outlines the six fundamentally human abilities that are absolute essentials for professional success and personal fulfillment--and reveals how to master them. A Whole New Mind takes readers to a daring new place, and a provocative and necessary new way of thinking about a future that's already here. |
capital good definition economics: Terms Of Trade: Glossary Of International Economics (2nd Edition) Alan V Deardorff, 2014-03-24 Have you ever wondered what a term in international economics means? This useful reference book offers a glossary of terms in both international trade and international finance, with emphasis on economic issues. It is intended for students getting their first exposure to international economics, although advanced students will also find it useful for some of the more obscure terms that they have forgotten or never encountered.Besides an extensive glossary of terms that has been expanded about 50% from the first edition, there is a picture gallery of diagrams used to explain key concepts such as the Edgeworth Production Box and the Offer Curve Diagram in international economics. This section is followed by over 30 lists of terms that occur a lot in international economics, grouped by subject to help users find terms that they cannot recall.Prior to an enlarged bibliography is an expanded section on the origins of terms in international economics, which records what the author has been able to learn about the origins of some of the terms used in international economics. This is a must-have portable glossary in international trade and international economics! |
capital good definition economics: Credit Insurance Miran Jus, 2013-02-26 This monograph is practically oriented, presenting a survey and explanation of credit insurance services for protection of short-term trade receivables primarily against commercial risk of insolvency and protracted default. The subject matter (i.e., main functions, features and principles of credit insurance with detailed description of credit insurance coverage, insurance conditions, and credit insurance policy management) follows procedural stages and presents commercial, financial, legal, and practical points of view which emphasize the needs of both the providers of these services and their clients – existing and potential credit insured companies – as well as other practitioners. - Explains how credit insurance has changed from an esoteric type of property insurance into a flexible and frequently used credit risk mitigation tool used on a global basis - Compares credit insurance with self-insurance and equivalent substitutes - Describes the types of insurance available and how to obtain and manage credit insurance policies |
capital good definition economics: The Experience Economy B. Joseph Pine, James H. Gilmore, 1999 This text seeks to raise the curtain on competitive pricing strategies and asserts that businesses often miss their best opportunity for providing consumers with what they want - an experience. It presents a strategy for companies to script and stage the experiences provided by their products. |
capital good definition economics: An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations Adam Smith, 1822 |
capital good definition economics: Strategies of Banks and Other Financial Institutions Rajesh Kumar, 2014-07-16 How and why do strategic perspectives of financial institutions differ by class and region? Strategies of Banks and Other Financial Institutions: Theories and Cases is an introduction to global financial institutions that presents both theoretical and actual aspects of markets and institutions. The book encompasses depository and non-depository Institutions; money markets, bond markets, and mortgage markets; stock markets, derivative markets, and foreign exchange markets; mutual funds, insurance, and pension funds; and private equity and hedge funds. It also addresses Islamic financing and consolidation in financial institutions and markets. Featuring up-to-date case studies in its second half, Strategies of Banks and Other Financial Institutions proposes a useful theoretical framework and strategic perspectives about risk, regulation, markets, and challenges driving the financial sectors. - Describes theories and practices that define classes of institutions and differentiate one financial institution from another - Presents short, focused treatments of risk and growth strategies by balancing theories and cases - Places Islamic banking and finance into a comprehensive, universal perspective |
capital good definition economics: The Economics of Welfare Arthur Cecil Pigou, 1920 |
capital good definition economics: Economics, Accounting and the True Nature of Capitalism Jacques Richard, Alexandre Rambaud, 2021-11-29 Almost all economists, whether classical, neoclassical or Marxist, have failed in their analyses of capitalism to consider the underpinning systems of accounting. This book draws attention to this lacuna, focusing specifically on the concept of capital: a major concept that dominates all teaching and practice in both economics and management. It is argued that while for the practitioners of capitalism – in accounting and business – the capital in their accounts is a debt to be repaid (or a thing to be kept), for economists, it has been considered a means (or even a resource or an asset) intended to be worn out. This category error has led to economists failing to comprehend the true nature of capitalism. On this basis, this book proposes a new definition of capitalism that brings about considerable changes in the attitude to be had towards this economic system, in particular, the means to bring about its replacement. This book will be of significant interest to readers of political economy, history of economic thought, critical accounting and heterodox economics. |
capital good definition economics: A Tea Reader Katrina Avila Munichiello, 2017-03-21 A Tea Reader contains a selection of stories that cover the spectrum of life. This anthology shares the ways that tea has changed lives through personal, intimate stories. Read of deep family moments, conquered heartbreak, and peace found in the face of loss. A Tea Reader includes stories from all types of tea people: people brought up in the tea tradition, those newly discovering it, classic writings from long-ago tea lovers and those making tea a career. Together these tales create a new image of a tea drinker. They show that tea is not simply something you drink, but it also provides quiet moments for making important decisions, a catalyst for conversation, and the energy we sometimes need to operate in our lives. The stories found in A Tea Reader cover the spectrum of life, such as the development of new friendships, beginning new careers, taking dream journeys, and essentially sharing the deep moments of life with friends and families. Whether you are a tea lover or not, here you will discover stories that speak to you and inspire you. Sit down, grab a cup, and read on. |
capital good definition economics: The Theory of the Leisure Class Thorstein Veblen, 2005-12 In The Theory Of The Leisure Class, His First And Best-Known Work, Thorstein Veblen Challenges Some Of Man S Most Cherished Standards Of Behavior And With Devastating Wit And Satire Exposes The Hollowness Of Many Of Our Canons Of Taste, Education, Dress And Culture. Veblen Uses The Leisure Class As His Example Because It Is This Class That Sets The Standards Followed By Every Level Of Society.The Sign Of Membership In The Leisure Class Is Exemption From Industrial Toil And The Mark Of Success Is Lavish Expenditure Conspicuous Consumption Is The Famous Term He Invented To Describe Spending Which Satisfies No Real Need But Is A Mark Of Prestige.The Process Veblen Criticized Continues Today The Same Worship Of An Empty Scale Of Values, The Same Urge To Prove Oneself Better Than One S Neighbor By The Conspicuous Accumulation Of Useless Objects And By Time And Money-Wasting Activities. |
capital good definition economics: Stakeholder Capitalism Klaus Schwab, 2021-01-27 Reimagining our global economy so it becomes more sustainable and prosperous for all Our global economic system is broken. But we can replace the current picture of global upheaval, unsustainability, and uncertainty with one of an economy that works for all people, and the planet. First, we must eliminate rising income inequality within societies where productivity and wage growth has slowed. Second, we must reduce the dampening effect of monopoly market power wielded by large corporations on innovation and productivity gains. And finally, the short-sighted exploitation of natural resources that is corroding the environment and affecting the lives of many for the worse must end. The debate over the causes of the broken economy—laissez-faire government, poorly managed globalization, the rise of technology in favor of the few, or yet another reason—is wide open. Stakeholder Capitalism: A Global Economy that Works for Progress, People and Planet argues convincingly that if we don't start with recognizing the true shape of our problems, our current system will continue to fail us. To help us see our challenges more clearly, Schwab—the Founder and Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum—looks for the real causes of our system's shortcomings, and for solutions in best practices from around the world in places as diverse as China, Denmark, Ethiopia, Germany, Indonesia, New Zealand, and Singapore. And in doing so, Schwab finds emerging examples of new ways of doing things that provide grounds for hope, including: Individual agency: how countries and policies can make a difference against large external forces A clearly defined social contract: agreement on shared values and goals allows government, business, and individuals to produce the most optimal outcomes Planning for future generations: short-sighted presentism harms our shared future, and that of those yet to be born Better measures of economic success: move beyond a myopic focus on GDP to more complete, human-scaled measures of societal flourishing By accurately describing our real situation, Stakeholder Capitalism is able to pinpoint achievable ways to deal with our problems. Chapter by chapter, Professor Schwab shows us that there are ways for everyone at all levels of society to reshape the broken pieces of the global economy and—country by country, company by company, and citizen by citizen—glue them back together in a way that benefits us all. |
capital good definition economics: The Price of Capital Goods: A Driver of Investment Under Threat Weicheng Lian, Natalija Novta, Evgenia Pugacheva, Mr.Yannick Timmer, Petia Topalova, 2019-06-28 Over the past three decades, the price of machinery and equipment fell dramatically relative to other prices in advanced and emerging market and developing economies. Using cross-country and sectoral data, we show that the decline in the relative price of tangible tradable capital goods provided a significant impetus to the capital deepening that took place during the same time period. The broad-based decline in the relative price of machinery and equipment, in turn, was driven by the faster productivity growth in the capital goods producing sectors relative to the rest of the economy, and deeper trade integration, which induced domestic producers to lower prices and increase their efficiency. Our findings suggest an additional channel through which rising trade tensions and sluggish productivity could threaten real investment growth going forward. |
capital good definition economics: Good Capitalism, Bad Capitalism, and the Economics of Growth and Prosperity William J. Baumol, Robert E. Litan, Carl J. Schramm, 2007-01-01 In this important book, William J. Baumol, Robert E. Litan, and Carl J. Schramm contend that the answers to these questions lie within capitalist economies, though many observers make the mistake of believing that capitalism is of a single kind. Writing in an accessible style, the authors dispel that myth, documenting four different varieties of capitalism, some Good and some Bad for growth. The authors identify the conditions that characterize Good Capitalism--the right blend of entrepreneurial and established firms, which can vary among countries--as well as the features of Bad Capitalism. They examine how countries catching up to the United States can move faster toward the economic frontier, while laying out the need for the United States itself to stick to and reinforce the recipe for growth that has enabled it to be the leading economic force in the world. This pathbreaking book is a must read for anyone who cares about global growth and how to ensure America's economic future. |
capital good definition economics: Economics in One Lesson Henry Hazlitt, 2010-08-11 With over a million copies sold, Economics in One Lesson is an essential guide to the basics of economic theory. A fundamental influence on modern libertarianism, Hazlitt defends capitalism and the free market from economic myths that persist to this day. Considered among the leading economic thinkers of the “Austrian School,” which includes Carl Menger, Ludwig von Mises, Friedrich (F.A.) Hayek, and others, Henry Hazlitt (1894-1993), was a libertarian philosopher, an economist, and a journalist. He was the founding vice-president of the Foundation for Economic Education and an early editor of The Freeman magazine, an influential libertarian publication. Hazlitt wrote Economics in One Lesson, his seminal work, in 1946. Concise and instructive, it is also deceptively prescient and far-reaching in its efforts to dissemble economic fallacies that are so prevalent they have almost become a new orthodoxy. Economic commentators across the political spectrum have credited Hazlitt with foreseeing the collapse of the global economy which occurred more than 50 years after the initial publication of Economics in One Lesson. Hazlitt’s focus on non-governmental solutions, strong — and strongly reasoned — anti-deficit position, and general emphasis on free markets, economic liberty of individuals, and the dangers of government intervention make Economics in One Lesson every bit as relevant and valuable today as it has been since publication. |
capital good definition economics: Putting Purpose Into Practice Colin Mayer, Bruno Roche, 2021 This is the first book to provide a precise description of how companies can put purpose into practice. Based on groundbreaking research undertaken between Oxford University and Mars Catalyst, it offers an accessible account of why corporate purpose is so important and how it can be implemented to address the major challenges the world faces today. |
capital good definition economics: Principles Ray Dalio, 2018-08-07 #1 New York Times Bestseller “Significant...The book is both instructive and surprisingly moving.” —The New York Times Ray Dalio, one of the world’s most successful investors and entrepreneurs, shares the unconventional principles that he’s developed, refined, and used over the past forty years to create unique results in both life and business—and which any person or organization can adopt to help achieve their goals. In 1975, Ray Dalio founded an investment firm, Bridgewater Associates, out of his two-bedroom apartment in New York City. Forty years later, Bridgewater has made more money for its clients than any other hedge fund in history and grown into the fifth most important private company in the United States, according to Fortune magazine. Dalio himself has been named to Time magazine’s list of the 100 most influential people in the world. Along the way, Dalio discovered a set of unique principles that have led to Bridgewater’s exceptionally effective culture, which he describes as “an idea meritocracy that strives to achieve meaningful work and meaningful relationships through radical transparency.” It is these principles, and not anything special about Dalio—who grew up an ordinary kid in a middle-class Long Island neighborhood—that he believes are the reason behind his success. In Principles, Dalio shares what he’s learned over the course of his remarkable career. He argues that life, management, economics, and investing can all be systemized into rules and understood like machines. The book’s hundreds of practical lessons, which are built around his cornerstones of “radical truth” and “radical transparency,” include Dalio laying out the most effective ways for individuals and organizations to make decisions, approach challenges, and build strong teams. He also describes the innovative tools the firm uses to bring an idea meritocracy to life, such as creating “baseball cards” for all employees that distill their strengths and weaknesses, and employing computerized decision-making systems to make believability-weighted decisions. While the book brims with novel ideas for organizations and institutions, Principles also offers a clear, straightforward approach to decision-making that Dalio believes anyone can apply, no matter what they’re seeking to achieve. Here, from a man who has been called both “the Steve Jobs of investing” and “the philosopher king of the financial universe” (CIO magazine), is a rare opportunity to gain proven advice unlike anything you’ll find in the conventional business press. |
capital good definition economics: Economic Security: Neglected Dimension of National Security ? National Defense University (U S ), National Defense University (U.S.), Institute for National Strategic Studies (U S, Sheila R. Ronis, 2011-12-27 On August 24-25, 2010, the National Defense University held a conference titled “Economic Security: Neglected Dimension of National Security?” to explore the economic element of national power. This special collection of selected papers from the conference represents the view of several keynote speakers and participants in six panel discussions. It explores the complexity surrounding this subject and examines the major elements that, interacting as a system, define the economic component of national security. |
capital good definition economics: The Fourth Industrial Revolution Klaus Schwab, 2017-01-03 World-renowned economist Klaus Schwab, Founder and Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum, explains that we have an opportunity to shape the fourth industrial revolution, which will fundamentally alter how we live and work. Schwab argues that this revolution is different in scale, scope and complexity from any that have come before. Characterized by a range of new technologies that are fusing the physical, digital and biological worlds, the developments are affecting all disciplines, economies, industries and governments, and even challenging ideas about what it means to be human. Artificial intelligence is already all around us, from supercomputers, drones and virtual assistants to 3D printing, DNA sequencing, smart thermostats, wearable sensors and microchips smaller than a grain of sand. But this is just the beginning: nanomaterials 200 times stronger than steel and a million times thinner than a strand of hair and the first transplant of a 3D printed liver are already in development. Imagine “smart factories” in which global systems of manufacturing are coordinated virtually, or implantable mobile phones made of biosynthetic materials. The fourth industrial revolution, says Schwab, is more significant, and its ramifications more profound, than in any prior period of human history. He outlines the key technologies driving this revolution and discusses the major impacts expected on government, business, civil society and individuals. Schwab also offers bold ideas on how to harness these changes and shape a better future—one in which technology empowers people rather than replaces them; progress serves society rather than disrupts it; and in which innovators respect moral and ethical boundaries rather than cross them. We all have the opportunity to contribute to developing new frameworks that advance progress. |
capital good definition economics: Land Martin Adams, 2015-03-03 What if we lived in a world where everyone had enough? A world where everyone mattered and where people lived in harmony with nature? What if the solution to our economic, social, and ecological problems was right underneath our feet? Land has been sought after throughout human history. Even today, people struggle to get onto the property ladder and view real estate as an important way to build wealth. Yet, as the reader will discover through this book, the act of owning land—and our urge to profit from it—causes economic booms and busts, social and cultural decline, and environmental devastation. Land: A New Paradigm for a Thriving World introduces a radically new economic model that ensures a more fair and abundant reality for everyone. It is a book for those who dream of a better world, for themselves and future generations. Table of Contents Introduction Part I: The Cost of Ignorance 1. The Production of Wealth 2. The Value of Location 3. The Free Market 4. Social Decline 5. Business Recessions 6. Ecocide 7. Earth, Our Home Part II: A New Paradigm for a Thriving World 8. Restoring Communities 9. Keep What You Earn, Pay for What You Use 10. Local Autonomy 11. Affordable Housing 12. Thriving Cities 13. Sustainable Farming 14. The Price of Peace 15. A New Paradigm Epilogue: A Personal Note Appendix: The Math Behind the Science References & Suggestions for Further Reading Endnotes Index |
capital good definition economics: Principles of Conflict Economics Charles H. Anderton, John R. Carter, 2009-03-16 Conflict economics contributes to an understanding of violent conflict in two important ways. First, it applies economic analysis to diverse conflict activities such as war, arms races, and terrorism, showing how they can be understood as purposeful choices responsive to underlying incentives. Second, it treats appropriation as a fundamental economic activity, joining production and exchange as a means of wealth acquisition. Drawing on a half-century of scholarship, this book presents a primer on the key themes and principles of conflict economics. Although much work in the field is abstract, the book is made accessible to a broad audience of scholars, students and policymakers by relying on historical data, relatively simple graphs and intuitive narratives. In exploring the interdependence of economics and conflict, the book presents current perspectives of conflict economics in novel ways and offers new insights into economic aspects of violence. |
capital good definition economics: The Code of Capital Katharina Pistor, 2020-11-03 Capital is the defining feature of modern economies, yet most people have no idea where it actually comes from. What is it, exactly, that transforms mere wealth into an asset that automatically creates more wealth? The Code of Capital explains how capital is created behind closed doors in the offices of private attorneys, and why this little-known fact is one of the biggest reasons for the widening wealth gap between the holders of capital and everybody else. In this revealing book, Katharina Pistor argues that the law selectively codes certain assets, endowing them with the capacity to protect and produce private wealth. With the right legal coding, any object, claim, or idea can be turned into capital - and lawyers are the keepers of the code. Pistor describes how they pick and choose among different legal systems and legal devices for the ones that best serve their clients' needs, and how techniques that were first perfected centuries ago to code landholdings as capital are being used today to code stocks, bonds, ideas, and even expectations--assets that exist only in law. A powerful new way of thinking about one of the most pernicious problems of our time, The Code of Capital explores the different ways that debt, complex financial products, and other assets are coded to give financial advantage to their holders. This provocative book paints a troubling portrait of the pervasive global nature of the code, the people who shape it, and the governments that enforce it.--Provided by publisher. |
capital good definition economics: Credit Engineering for Bankers Morton Glantz, Johnathan Mun, 2010-11-25 More efficient credit portfolio engineering can increase the decision-making power of bankers and boost the market value of their banks. By implementing robust risk management procedures, bankers can develop comprehensive views of obligors by integrating fundamental and market data into a portfolio framework that treats all instruments similarly. Banks that can implement strategies for uncovering credit risk investments with the highest return per unit of risk can confidently build their businesses. Through chapters on fundamental analysis and credit administration, authors Morton Glantz and Johnathan Mun teach readers how to improve their credit skills and develop logical decision-making processes. As readers acquire new abilities to calculate risks and evaluate portfolios, they learn how credit risk strategies and policies can affect and be affected by credit ratings and global exposure tracking systems. The result is a book that facilitates the discipline of market-oriented portfolio management in the face of unending changes in the financial industry. - Concentrates on the practical implementation of credit engineering strategies and tools - Demonstrates how bankers can use portfolio analytics to increase their insights about different groups of obligors - Investigates ways to improve a portfolio's return on risk while minimizing probability of insolvency |
capital good definition economics: Principles of Economics 2e Steven A. Greenlaw, David Shapiro, Timoth Taylor, 2017-10-11 |
capital good definition economics: The Distribution of Wealth John Bates Clark, 1899 |
capital good definition economics: Understanding Capital Duncan K. FOLEY, Duncan K Foley, 2009-06-30 Understanding Capital is a brilliantly lucid introduction to Marxist economic theory. Duncan Foley builds an understanding of the theory systematically, from first principles through the definition of central concepts to the development of important applications. |
capital good definition economics: Agglomeration Economics Edward L. Glaeser, 2010-04-15 When firms and people are located near each other in cities and in industrial clusters, they benefit in various ways, including by reducing the costs of exchanging goods and ideas. One might assume that these benefits would become less important as transportation and communication costs fall. Paradoxically, however, cities have become increasingly important, and even within cities industrial clusters remain vital. Agglomeration Economics brings together a group of essays that examine the reasons why economic activity continues to cluster together despite the falling costs of moving goods and transmitting information. The studies cover a wide range of topics and approach the economics of agglomeration from different angles. Together they advance our understanding of agglomeration and its implications for a globalized world. |
capital good definition economics: Handbook of Computable General Equilibrium Modeling Peter B. Dixon, Dale Jorgenson, 2013-11-14 In this collection of 17 articles, top scholars synthesize and analyze scholarship on this widely used tool of policy analysis, setting forth its accomplishments, difficulties, and means of implementation. Though CGE modeling does not play a prominent role in top US graduate schools, it is employed universally in the development of economic policy. This collection is particularly important because it presents a history of modeling applications and examines competing points of view. - Presents coherent summaries of CGE theories that inform major model types - Covers the construction of CGE databases, model solving, and computer-assisted interpretation of results - Shows how CGE modeling has made a contribution to economic policy |
capital good definition economics: Principles of Economics Alfred Marshall, 1898 |
capital good definition economics: Economic Growth, second edition Robert J. Barro, Xavier I. Sala-I-Martin, 2003-10-10 The long-awaited second edition of an important textbook on economic growth—a major revision incorporating the most recent work on the subject. This graduate level text on economic growth surveys neoclassical and more recent growth theories, stressing their empirical implications and the relation of theory to data and evidence. The authors have undertaken a major revision for the long-awaited second edition of this widely used text, the first modern textbook devoted to growth theory. The book has been expanded in many areas and incorporates the latest research. After an introductory discussion of economic growth, the book examines neoclassical growth theories, from Solow-Swan in the 1950s and Cass-Koopmans in the 1960s to more recent refinements; this is followed by a discussion of extensions to the model, with expanded treatment in this edition of heterogenity of households. The book then turns to endogenous growth theory, discussing, among other topics, models of endogenous technological progress (with an expanded discussion in this edition of the role of outside competition in the growth process), technological diffusion, and an endogenous determination of labor supply and population. The authors then explain the essentials of growth accounting and apply this framework to endogenous growth models. The final chapters cover empirical analysis of regions and empirical evidence on economic growth for a broad panel of countries from 1960 to 2000. The updated treatment of cross-country growth regressions for this edition uses the new Summers-Heston data set on world income distribution compiled through 2000. |
capital good definition economics: The Formation and Stocks of Total Capital John W. Kendrick, Yvonne Lethem, Jennifer Rowley, 1976 |
capital good definition economics: Economics Mark P.. Taylor, Nicholas Gregory Mankiw, 2014 Now firmly established as one of the leading economics principles texts in the UK and Europe, this exciting new third edition of Economics by N. Gregory Mankiw (Harvard University) and Mark P. Taylor (Warwick University), has undergone some significant restructuring and reorganization to more directly match economics students’ course structures and learning and assessment needs. There are new sections covering microeconomic and macroeconomic topics and concepts in more depth, whilst at the same time retaining the book’s reputation for clarity, authority and real world relevance. |
capital good definition economics: Economy, Society and Public Policy The Core Team, 2019 Economy, Society, and Public Policy is a new way to learn economics. It is designed specifically for students studying social sciences, public policy, business studies, engineering and other disciplines who want to understand how the economy works and how it can be made to work better. Topical policy problems are used to motivate learning of key concepts and methods of economics. It engages, challenges and empowers students, and will provide them with the tools to articulate reasoned views on pressing policy problems. This project is the result of a worldwide collaboration between researchers, educators, and students who are committed to bringing the socially relevant insights of economics to a broader audience.KEY FEATURESESPP does not teach microeconomics as a body of knowledge separate from macroeconomicsStudents begin their study of economics by understanding that the economy is situated within society and the biosphereStudents study problems of identifying causation, not just correlation, through the use of natural experiments, lab experiments, and other quantitative methodsSocial interactions, modelled using simple game theory, and incomplete information, modelled using a series of principal-agent problems, are introduced from the beginning. As a result, phenomena studied by the other social sciences such as social norms and the exercise of power play a roleThe insights of diverse schools of thought, from Marx and the classical economists to Hayek and Schumpeter, play an integral part in the bookThe way economists think about public policy is central to ESPP. This is introduced in Units 2 and 3, rather than later in the course. |
capital good definition economics: The Nature of Capital and Income Irving Fisher, 2018-10-18 This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. |
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Economics Made Easy - U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Capital investment — The payments made to purchase or rent capital assets. Total factor productivity — The efficiency at which combined inputs are used to produce output of goods …
What Are Remittances? - IMF
More stable than capital flows. Remittance flows tend to be more stable than capital flows, and . they tend to be countercyclical—increasing during economic downturns or after a natural …
1.2 - smartexamresources.com
Capital Investment increases the quantity of capital. Worn out and outdated goods are gradually replaced by good quality ones Technological advancements has made it possible for better …
2024 IB Economics Definition List Macroeconomics (SL) …
Economics teacher support material 4 2024 IB Economics Definition List Macroeconomics (SL) created by First Class Economics Interest rate The price of credit/borrowed money. …
UNIT I - BUSINESS ECONOMICS - SBAA1103 - Sathyabama …
Robbins gave a more scientific definition of Economics. (scarcity definition) "Economics is the science which studies human behavior as a relationship between ends and scarce means …
CHAPTER 5: PERSONAL CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES
CHAPTER 5: PERSONAL CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES 5-3 this chapter.) Table 5.1—Content of PCE. Category of expenditure Comments Market-based p urchases of new …
Open Economy Macroeconomics - NCERT
the good is ten dollars, she would need to know how much it would cost her in Indian rupees. That is, she will need to know the price of dollar in terms of ... and the capital account 1. 6.1.1 …
0455 y20 sm 2 - Cambridge Assessment International Education
ECONOMICS 0455/02 Paper 2 Structured Questions For examination from 2020 MARK SCHEME Maximum Mark: 90 ... Cut flowers tend to be a luxury good (1) as income rises, …
CHAPTER What Is Economics? - Pearson
4 CHAPTER 1 WHAT IS ECONOMICS? Capital The tools, instruments, machines, buildings and other constructions that businesses now use to produce goods and services are called capital. …
6 BASIC ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES - The National Institute of …
ECONOMICS Notes 45 6 BASIC ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES Production, consumption and capital formation are called the basic economic activities of an economy. Scarce resources are used …
Water As Property The Four Different Types of Goods
Aug 11, 2021 · In other words, a public good is one that all within the relevant public must enjoy more or less equally, or no one can enjoy the good at all. Public goods generally are free …
The Concept of Infrastructure: Definition, Classification and ...
infrastructure with regard to the three attributes: technological (capital goods or good, i.e. rep ‑ resented by a large number of units, thus significantly outstripping demand for it), economic …
Engineering Economics Lecture - MIT OpenCourseWare
from Paul Samuelson and William Nordhaus, Economics, 12th Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1985. WHAT IS ENGINEERING ECONOMICS? The application of economic principles to …
ECONOMICSFOR ON-LINE GLOSSARY OF TERMS & CONCEPTS
Capital: Broadly defined, capital represents the tools which people use when they work, in order to make their work more productive and efficient. Under capitalism, capital can also refer to a …
Environmental Economics, Ecological Economics, and the …
capital) outweighs the extra natural resources that get used up in the production of KM. At this stage all we can say is that this is not obvious' (Pearce and Turner, 1990, p. 49). (iii) A limit to …
Capital Goods - Executive Summary - DSIR
A comparative assessment of Indian capital goods industry vis-à-vis that of competing countries point out to the following key points: 1. Privatisation of capital goods industry in major …
Category 2: Capital Goods - GHG Protocol
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Sample Test: Economics - University of North Carolina at …
a. natural resources, labor, capital, and money b. natural resources, capital, goods, and services c. natural resources, labor, capital, and entrepreneurs d. natural resources, money, labor, and …
Evolution of the Concept of Capital– A Historical …
capital in some detail. The concept of capital is indeed a very broad one, which has been the subject of varied interpretations. The concept of capital has a key place in economics as one …
Health as Human Capital and its Impact on Economic …
HEALTH AS HUMAN CAPITAL AND ITS IMPACT ON ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE 305 In this paper we argue that health is not only a consumption good that adds to wellbeing, but also an …
Capital Utilization, Economic Growth and Convergence
Department of Economics Terry College of Business University of Georgia Athens, GA 30602-6254 ... (2003) introduce a second capital good, in the form of knowledge or public capital, into …
INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING ECONOMICS - assakkaf
n Economics deals with the behavior of people n Utility – “Utility is the power of a good or service to satisfy human needs” Dr. Assakkaf Slide No. 8 • A. J. Clark School of Engineering • …
Classification by Broad Economic Categories Rev - UNSD
Categories included food, industrial supplies, capital equipment, and consumer durables and non-durables. 3. In accordance with the Commission’s request, a revised draft of the BEC was …
The Microeconomic Foundations of Aggregate Production …
1 wL are the and labor and capital shares at that point, and s is the elasticity of substitution between capital and labor. The popular Cobb-Douglas specification obtains in the limit s!1. …
GOODS AND SERVICES - Edutopia
capital/ goods Explain that people use resources to produce a good or service. There are natural resources which are not manmade, human resources, which are the service providers, and …
The Economics of Productivity - Scholars at Harvard
The economics of IT begins with the precipitous and continuing fall in semiconductor prices. ... output will increase in proportion to capital and labor inputs. By contrast the successful …
Lectures in Labor Economics - Massachusetts Institute of …
The standard approach in labor economics views human capital as a set of skills/characteristics that increase a worker’s productivity. This is a useful start-ing place, and for most practical …
HUMAN CAPITAL DEFINITIONS AND APPROACHES
After comparing different views on the definition and understanding of human capital, we can conclude that, in principle, there is microeconomic and macroeconomic approach. In …
Basic SNA concepts v25 - United Nations
Oct 14, 2013 · The activity of gross fixed capital formation, like intermediate consumption, is restricted to institutional units in their capacity as producers, being defined as the value of their …
Production Economics-Meaning & Definition, Nature and …
choice are applied to the use of resources of land, labour, capital and management in the farming industry. Goals of Production Economics The following are the goals of agricultural production …
Category 1: Purchased Goods and Services - GHG Protocol
listed in order of how specific2 the calculation is to the individual supplier of a good or service. However, companies need not always use the most specific method as a first preference (see …
Goods and Services Account - IMF
sumption, or use in capital formation. 10.3 Production is an activity in which an enter-prise uses inputs (intermediate inputs, labor, pro-duced and nonproduced assets) in order to transform …
THE MACROECONOMICS OF FINANCIAL SPECULATION
but there might be depreciation. Speci–cally, a unit of capital in period tbecomes 1 units at the start of the next period where 0 denotes the depreciation rate. To keep the supply of capital …
Lecture notes for Macroeconomics I, 2004 - Yale Department …
be interpreted in terms of technology: this is a one-good, or one-sector, economy, where the only good can be used both for consumption and as capital (investment). Equation (2.2) describes …
Heterogeneous Capital, the Production Function and the
the marginal product of capital is compatible with these relations . if, and only if, the conditions of production of the capital good are always identical with those of the consumption good: an …
Assessing Dynamic Efficiency: Theory and Evidence
of claims on existing capital goods and consumption. This feature of the model is important, because much of the risk associated with holding capital in actual economies involves …
Concepts of Capital Change, Capital Consumption and …
capital may be enormous and may be either upward or down-ward. The more limited definition of capital consumption is also more suitable for measuring current net additions to the capital …
FUNDAMENTALS OF ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT …
This definition is not of much importance to man and his welfare. Welfare definition: This definition was given by Alfred Marshall. He was the follower of Adam smith. He wrote a famous book …
GLOSSARY: NATIONAL INCOME AND PRODUCT …
Definition . Accrual accounting Method of accounting that records the sale of goods or assets when ownership is transferred, the sale of services when they are provided, ... Capital In …
Chapter 1: What Is Economics? - Welcome to Mrs. Quarles' …
Capital is unique in that it is the result of pro-duction. A bulldozer, for example, is a capital good used in construction. It also was built in a factory, which makes it the result of earlier produc …
ECONOMICS - INFLIBNET Centre
Economics is the study of how people (or organizations) can choose to use the scarce or limited resources to produce various good and services and distribute them to various members of …
Introduction Chapter 1 - Cambridge University Press
Economics must try to fi nd how best to use scarce resources so that waste can be avoided. Defi ning economics, we can therefore say that: Economics is the study of choices leading to …
Durable Goods Theory for Real World Markets - American …
Economics, Johnson Graduate School of Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. ... Bulow considers a monopolist of a perfectly durable good who sells output in each of two …
Balance of Payments - UNSW Sydney
Definition The Balance of Payments is a monetary record of transactions into and out of Australia over a period of time. ... 3.Capital and Financial outflow DEMAND 1.Reciepts for exports of …
L EXPERT TUITION
capital good to 1.5 consumer goods (accept variations of this such as 20 capital goods forgoes 30 consumer goods OR 1 consumer good forgoes 0.66 capital goods) / Accept reference to the …
Balance of Payments Manual - IMF
Definition and Coverage 74 Distinction Between Current and Capital Transfers 74 Classification 75 Valuation and Timing 76 XVI. Structure and Characteristics of the Capital and Financial …
What is Agricultural economics? - Pearson
Definition of economicS 5 microeconomics versus macroeconomics 5 ... resources or, more simply, capital. Manufactured resources are machines, equip-ment, and structures. A product …
Is Social Capital a Good Concept? - JSTOR
that any definition of social capital focus on the sources rather than consequences [...] this approach eliminates an entity such as 'trust' from the definition of social capital" Lin (2001, pp. …