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| convergent thinking definition psychology: Encyclopedia of Creativity, Invention, Innovation and Entrepreneurship , 2020-07-30 The second edition of this exhaustive work (ECIIE) comprehensively covers the broad spectrum of topics relating to the process of creativity and innovation, from a wide variety of perspectives (e.g., economics, management, psychology, anthropology, policy, technology, education, the arts) and modes (individual, organization, industry, nation, region). This edition includes some 400 topical entries, definitions of key terms and concepts and review essays, from a global array of more than 250 researchers, business executives, policymakers, and artists, illuminating the many facets of creativity and innovation and highlighting their relationships to such universal concepts as knowledge management, economic opportunity, and sustainability. Entries feature description of key concepts and definition of terms, full-color illustrations, case examples, future directions for research and application, synonyms and cross-references and bibliographic references. |
| convergent thinking definition psychology: Creative Leadership Gerard J. Puccio, Marie Mance, Mary C. Murdock, 2010-12-09 This book demonstrates how creative thinking is an essential element of leadership, especially when bringing about change. It provides a unique combination of conceptual arguments, practical principles, and proven tools to enhance future leaders' effectiveness in creating and managing change. |
| convergent thinking definition psychology: Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning Norbert M. Seel, 2011-10-05 Over the past century, educational psychologists and researchers have posited many theories to explain how individuals learn, i.e. how they acquire, organize and deploy knowledge and skills. The 20th century can be considered the century of psychology on learning and related fields of interest (such as motivation, cognition, metacognition etc.) and it is fascinating to see the various mainstreams of learning, remembered and forgotten over the 20th century and note that basic assumptions of early theories survived several paradigm shifts of psychology and epistemology. Beyond folk psychology and its naïve theories of learning, psychological learning theories can be grouped into some basic categories, such as behaviorist learning theories, connectionist learning theories, cognitive learning theories, constructivist learning theories, and social learning theories. Learning theories are not limited to psychology and related fields of interest but rather we can find the topic of learning in various disciplines, such as philosophy and epistemology, education, information science, biology, and – as a result of the emergence of computer technologies – especially also in the field of computer sciences and artificial intelligence. As a consequence, machine learning struck a chord in the 1980s and became an important field of the learning sciences in general. As the learning sciences became more specialized and complex, the various fields of interest were widely spread and separated from each other; as a consequence, even presently, there is no comprehensive overview of the sciences of learning or the central theoretical concepts and vocabulary on which researchers rely. The Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning provides an up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the specific terms mostly used in the sciences of learning and its related fields, including relevant areas of instruction, pedagogy, cognitive sciences, and especially machine learning and knowledge engineering. This modern compendium will be an indispensable source of information for scientists, educators, engineers, and technical staff active in all fields of learning. More specifically, the Encyclopedia provides fast access to the most relevant theoretical terms provides up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the most important theories within the various fields of the learning sciences and adjacent sciences and communication technologies; supplies clear and precise explanations of the theoretical terms, cross-references to related entries and up-to-date references to important research and publications. The Encyclopedia also contains biographical entries of individuals who have substantially contributed to the sciences of learning; the entries are written by a distinguished panel of researchers in the various fields of the learning sciences. |
| convergent thinking definition psychology: Developing Creative Thinking Skills Brad Hokanson, 2017-08-09 Based on over fifteen years of groundbreaking research, Developing Creative Thinking Skills helps learners demonstrably increase their own creative thinking skills. Focusing on divergent thinking, twelve inventive chapters build one’s capacity to generate a wide range of ideas, both as an individual and as a collaborator. This innovative textbook outlines a semester-long structure for the development of creative thinking skills and can easily be utilized as a self-directed format for those learning outside of a classroom. Readers are stimulated to maximize their own creativity through active exercises, challenges to personal limits and assumptions, and ideas that can help create powerful habits of variance. |
| convergent thinking definition psychology: The Oxford Handbook of Music Psychology Susan Hallam, Ian Cross, Michael Thaut, 2016-01-14 The second edition of The Oxford Handbook of Music Psychology updates the original landmark text and provides a comprehensive review of the latest developments in this fast-growing area of research. Covering both experimental and theoretical perspectives, each of the 11 sections is edited by an internationally recognised authority in the area. The first ten parts present chapters that focus on specific areas of music psychology: the origins and functions of music; music perception, responses to music; music and the brain; musical development; learning musical skills; musical performance; composition and improvisation; the role of music in everyday life; and music therapy. In each part authors critically review the literature, highlight current issues and explore possibilities for the future. The final part examines how, in recent years, the study of music psychology has broadened to include a range of other disciplines. It considers the way that research has developed in relation to technological advances, and points the direction for further development in the field. With contributions from internationally recognised experts across 55 chapters, it is an essential resource for students and researchers in psychology and musicology. |
| convergent thinking definition psychology: Max Wertheimer Productive Thinking Max Wertheimer, 2020-03-30 Max Wertheimer (1880-1943), a pioneer of 20th-century psychology, had a major influence on the development of cognitive psychology, especially the psychology of perception and of productive thinking. His work Productive Thinking (1945), written in New York, is regarded as a milestone in creativity research. Consisting of many examples of creative thought processes - from geometric tasks to socio-psychologically relevant conflict resolutions to the development of Einstein's theory of relativity - the book leads the reader through a multi-faceted body of thought in the psychology of thinking. Only a few texts in psychology have remained significant even after a period of three quarters of a century - Max Wertheimer's Productive Thinking is such an exception. This book, which also presents an exposition of Gestalt psychology, highlights the productive (insightful) versus automatic (unreflected) thought processes for many areas of life. In addition to examples from school teaching, the chapter on the emergence of Albert Einstein's theory of relativity is of lasting interest to today's generation of psychologists, pedagogues, brain researchers, neuroscientists and philosophers. Wertheimer had the unique opportunity to analyze Einstein's thinking in direct conversation. An introductory commentary by Viktor Sarris for this new edition of the first publication of Productive Thinking in 1945 offers a detailed account of the genesis and reception of Wertheimer's work. |
| convergent thinking definition psychology: Creativity in Engineering David H Cropley, 2015-01-24 Creativity is like an iceberg - the resulting new idea, or novel solution is only 10% of the effort. The other 90% is the complex interplay of thinking skills and strategies, personal and motivational properties that activate these skills and strategies, and the social and organizational factors of the environment that influence the creative process. Creativity in Engineering focuses on the Process, Person, Product, and Place to understand when and why creativity happens in the engineering environment and how it can be further encouraged. Special Features: - Applies findings in creativity research to the engineering arena - Defines engineering creativity and differentiates it from innovation - Discusses personality and motivational factors that impact creativity - Clarifies the role of creativity in the design process - Details the impact of thinking skills and strategies in creativity - Identifies the role the organization and environment plays in encouraging creativity - Discusses the 4P's of Creativity: Person, Product, Process, and Place - Provides tactics and tools that will help users foster creativity in engineering environments - Identifies how creativity results in innovative new solutions to problems - Applies creativity research and knowledge to the engineering space |
| convergent thinking definition psychology: Creativity and the Wandering Mind David D. Preiss, Diego Cosmelli, James C. Kaufman, 2020-06-20 Creativity and the Wandering Mind: Spontaneous and Controlled Cognition summarizes research on the impact of mind wandering and cognitive control on creativity, including imagination, fantasy and play. Most coverage in this area has either focused on the negative consequences of mind wandering on focused problem solving or the positive effect of mindfulness, but not on the positive consequences of mind wandering. This volume bridges that gap. Research indicates that most people experience mind wandering during a large percentage of their waking time, and that it is a baseline default mode of brain function during the awake but resting state. This volume explores the different kinds of mind wandering and its positive impact on imagination, play, problem-solving, and creative production. - Discusses spontaneous and controlled processes in creativity - Examines the relationship between mind wandering, consciousness, and imagination - Reviews research on problem-solving, imagination, play, and learning - Highlights the positive impact of mind wandering on creative thought and output |
| convergent thinking definition psychology: Mindfulness for Creativity Dr. Danny Penman, 2015-10-01 The original Mindfulness was written for those struggling to cope with the frantic pace of modern life. Mindfulness for Creativity is written for those who want to optimise their work, life and overall wellbeing. The simple mindfulness techniques at the heart of the book have been proven to enhance creativity, problem solving and decision making. They also dissolve anxiety, stress and depression while enhancing mental resilience and overall wellbeing. The four week programme takes just 10-20 minutes per day. The easy-to-follow programme works by clearing your mind and allowing innovative ideas to take form and crystallise. This helps you to spontaneously 'see' the solution to a problem, to conjure up new ideas, or to create works of art and design with true insight and flair. The programme also helps build the courage necessary for you to follow your ideas wherever they should lead - and the resilience to cope with the inevitable knockbacks. This book will help your mind work more effectively so that you can solve problems faster, more intuitively and have the inner confidence to drive your ideas forward. The accompanying CD contains 6 meditations that you can use to build an ongoing practice, mixing and matching meditations to suit your circumstances. |
| convergent thinking definition psychology: Encyclopedia of Creativity , 2011-05-20 The first edition of the successful Encyclopedia of Creativity served to establish the study of creativity is a field in itself. Now completely updated and revised in its second edition, coverage encompasses the definition of creativity, the development and expression of creativity across the lifespan, the environmental conditions that encourage or discourage creativity, creativity within specific disciplines like music, dance, film, art, literature, etc., the relationship of creativity and mental health, intelligence, and learning styles, and the process of being creative. This reference also appeals to a lay audience with articles specifically on the application of creativity to business settings. Available online via ScienceDirect and in limited print release. Named a 2012 Outstanding Academic Title by the American Library Association's Choice publication Serves as a compendium of reviews of a number of domain-specific areas, such as acting, dance, expressive arts, film, food, music, religion, science, sports, theater, and writing. Creativity and education are examined in articles about thought processes, such as developmental trends in creative abilities and potentials, the enhancement of creativity, intelligence, knowledge, play, prodigies, programs and courses, talent and teaching creativity. Cognitive aspects of creativity can be investigated in articles about altered and transitional states, analogies, attention, cognitive style, divergent thinking, flow and optimal experience, metacognition, metaphors, problem-finding, problem-solving, and remote associates. Covers business and organizational creativity in articles about advertising with art, creative visuals, business/management, creativity coaching, creativity exercises, entrepreneurship, group dynamics, innovation, leadership, organizational culture, organizational development, teams, and training, among others. Explicitly examines the complex interrelationship between society and creativity in articles about awards, conformity and conventionality, the creative sector and class of society, cultural diversity, the dark side of creativity, East vs. West, networking, social psychology, war, zeitgeist, and others. Personal and interpersonal creativity is discussed in articles relating to collaboration, family, life stages, mentors, networking, personal creativity and self-actualization. Focuses on scientific information about creativity, there are also articles that discuss brain and neuropsychology, concepts of creativity, definitions of creativity, expertise, longitudinal studies, researching art, artists and art audiences, research methods, phenomenology research and qualitative research. Online version contains an additional 26 biographies of famously creative people |
| convergent thinking definition psychology: Individual Creativity in the Workplace Roni Reiter-Palmon, Victoria L. Kennel, James C. Kaufman, 2018-08-07 Rapid technological change, global competition, and economic uncertainty have all contributed to organizations seeking to improve creativity and innovation. Researchers and businesses want to know what factors facilitate or inhibit creativity in a variety of organizational settings. Individual Creativity in the Workplace identifies those factors, including what motivational and cognitive factors influence individual creativity, as well as the contextual factors that impact creativity such as teams and leadership.The book takes research findings out of the lab and provides examples of these findings put to use in real world organizations. - Identifies factors facilitating or inhibiting creativity in organizational settings - Summarizes research on creativity, cognition, and motivation - Provides real world examples of these factors operating in organizations today - Highlights creative thought processes and how to encourage them - Outlines management styles and leadership to encourage creativity - Explores how to encourage individual creativity in team contexts |
| convergent thinking definition psychology: A Theory of Creative Thinking Kekang He, 2017-06-13 This book examines research on creative thinking, both current and historical. It explores two dimensions of human thought (time and space) and two modes of thinking (conscious and unconscious) as well as both left and right brain functions and artistic and scientific creative activities. The book proposes a Double Circulation” model of creative thinking and argues that imagery thinking, intuitive thinking and logical thinking are main parts of creative thinking and that dialectical thinking and horizontal-vertical thinking are the guides for highly complex problem-solving thoughts and strategies.The book focuses on education and psychology and also covers how to use ICT to promote students’ creative thinking skills. Researchers will benefit from the Double Circulation model, which provides a new perspective on conducting creative thinking research. The book is also a valuable resource for graduate students in the fields of educational technology and psychology and for all readers who are interested in creative thinking. |
| convergent thinking definition psychology: Primary Process Thinking Robert R. Holt, 2008-12-19 Volume one of this comprehensive approach to one of Freud's most important conceptual achievements, the theory of thinking, examines the emergence and changes in his conceptions of primary and secondary process thought in their theoretical and clinical contexts. Unlike most treatments, which emphasize their embeddedness in metapsychology, the text demonstrates the empirical grounding of these concepts in observation and describes how it led to a method of quantitative measurement. A summary of major, theoretically relevant findings with that method, plus a critical review of post-Freudian reexaminations of primary process, leads to a reformulation of the psychoanalytic theory of thinking that is, in Rubinstein's term, protoneurophysiological: as consistent as possible with contemporary knowledge in the brain sciences. In so doing, the author attempts to convert a psychoanalytic theory into a set of testable propositions using objectively quantifiable, scientific concepts. Moreover, he shows how data obtained with his method can be used to confront the theoretical propositions, verifying some, rejecting some, and significantly modifying others. Volume two is an enclosed compact disc. The first ten chapters constitute a detailed scoring manual, designed to be self-teaching, for applying the concepts of primary process, its controls and defenses, to data from the Rorschach and Thematic Apperception Tests, dreams, and free verbal data. The remaining chapters treat its reliability and validity, including a critical summary of over one hundred researches from around the world, demonstrating how it can be used not only to test psychoanalytic propositions but to illuminate issues in clinical psychiatry, clinical and developmental psychology, and personality. A concluding chapter points to many promising directions for further research. |
| convergent thinking definition psychology: Rethinking Creativity Robert W. Weisberg, 2020-09-10 Discover how creativity depends on inside-the-box thinking-that's right, not outside the box-and a new perspective on creative thinking. |
| convergent thinking definition psychology: Playfulness J. Nina Lieberman, 2014-05-12 Playfulness: Its Relationship to Imagination and Creativity focuses on a discussion of the play element in play. This book discusses the differentiation between play and exploratory behavior based on familiar versus novel aspects in the factual givens. Organized into seven chapters, this book begins with an overview of the role of play, imagination, and creativity in psychological research. This text then examines the theoretical model that indicates the role of playfulness in affective, cognitive, and social functioning, and particularly relates these links to creativity and imagination. Other chapters consider playfulness as behavior at later stages of development. This book discusses as well some of the variables considered in relation to playfulness, including sex differences, social class, and level of intelligence. This book is intended to be suitable for professionals and advanced students in a number of disciplines. Developmental and educational psychologists as well as educators will also find this book useful. |
| convergent thinking definition psychology: The Associative Basis of the Creative Process Sarnoff A. Mednick, Martha T. Mednick, 1965 |
| convergent thinking definition psychology: Creativity Mark A. Runco, 2014-02-27 An integrative introduction to the theories and themes in research on creativity, the second edition of Creativity is both a reference work and text for courses in this burgeoning area of research. The book begins with a discussion of the theories of creativity (Person, Product, Process, Place), the general question of whether creativity is influenced by nature or nurture, what research has indicated of the personality and style of creative individuals from a personality analysis standpoint, and how social context affects creativity. This wide-ranging work then proceeds to coverage of issues such as gender differences, whether creativity can be enhanced, if creativity is related to poor mental or physical health, and much more. The book contains boxes covering special interest items, including one-page biographies of famous creative individuals, and activities for a group or individual to test or encourage creativity, as well as references to Internet sites relating to creativity. - Includes all major theories and perspectives on creativity - Consolidates recent research into a single source - Includes key terms defined and text boxes with interesting related material - Single authored for clarity and consistency of presentation |
| convergent thinking definition psychology: The Creative Self Maciej Karwowski, James C. Kaufman, 2017-02-22 The Creative Self reviews and summarizes key theories, studies, and new ideas about the role and significance self-beliefs play in one's creativity. It untangles the interrelated constructs of creative self-efficacy, creative metacognition, creative identity, and creative self-concept. It explores how and when creative self-beliefs are formed as well as how creative self-beliefs can be strengthened. Part I discusses how creativity plays a part in one's self-identity and its relationship with free will and efficacy. Part II discusses creativity present in day-to-day life across the lifespan. Part III highlights the intersection of the creative self with other variables such as mindset, domains, the brain, and individual differences. Part IV explores methodology and culture in relation to creativity. Part V, discusses additional constructs or theories that offer promise for future research on creativity. - Explores how beliefs about one's creativity are part of one's identity - Investigates the development of self-beliefs about creativity - Identifies external and personality factors influencing self-beliefs about creativity - Incorporates worldwide research with cross-disciplinary contributors |
| convergent thinking definition psychology: A Student's Dictionary of Psychology Dr Nicky Hayes, Peter Stratton, Nicky Hayes, 2013-11-26 A Student’s Dictionary of Psychology is an essential reference for all undergraduate psychology students and those studying psychology for the first time, including those in related disciplines such as health care and social science. It provides the reader with clear definitions of key concepts from all areas of psychology. This new edition of A Student’s Dictionary of Psychology adopts a slightly different format and extended content to previous editions, but it continues to be an ‘explaining’ dictionary rather than simply a set of one-line definitions. Following up all the references and cross-references relating to a topic should give the reader a reasonable overview of the subject; in that sense, the authors have often referred to it as a kind of random-access textbook, as well as a dictionary of the main terms in psychology. Key features include: Over 2,400 entries in total; Extensive cross referencing for easy navigation; Mini biographies of key psychologists; Common abbreviations and a list of key reference works; Study notes section. This new edition includes increased coverage of psychoneurology, social, clinical, and cognitive psychology, and research methodology, as well as several other terms which have come into common usage in recent years. It also includes a list of common abbreviations, and expanded coverage of significant figures in the history of psychology. This comprehensive dictionary will support the reader all the way through their psychology studies. |
| convergent thinking definition psychology: Illuminating Schizophrenia Ann Olson, 2013-06-18 Dr. Ann Olson, a doctor of Psychology, has written a book consisting of biography, art and analysis of the various types of schizophrenia. The author is also a poet, essayist, artist and sufferer who has endured years of misdiagnosed psychiatric disorders to finally arrive at her present diagnosis of Undifferentiated Schizophrenia. The book is a compilation of her personal experiences with the disorder, her life with her schizophrenic ex-husband, her own mental illness, her mental health counseling work and commentary of her renown neuropsychologist father. Through Olson's writing and first-hand experience with the illness, the reader is given deep insight into this illness from both the inside experience and the outside theories regarding it. There are discussions of the diagnosis and history of schizophrenia and the many subtypes. There are also analyses of patients suffering with it and with whom Dr. Olson has worked. Olson's poetry is a perspective into the thoughts and feelings of schizophrenics. A significant theme in this book is the stigma of mental illness and how to deal and overcome the negativity associated with those laboring under this illness. Dr. Olson provides insights from the perspective of not just a schizophrenic but of a university academic and lecturer in Psychology. This should be a help to the individual and the families that suffer through the effects of this devastating illness and for those who treat schizophrenic in professional settings. This book contains research, poetry, self-help suggestions, a glossary of psychology terms and extensive bibliography. |
| convergent thinking definition psychology: Creating Great Choices Jennifer Riel, Roger L. Martin, 2017-08-29 The rarest of business books that teaches decision makers how to think, not what to think. - Malcolm Gladwell When it comes to our hardest choices, it can seem as though making trade-offs is inevitable. But what about those crucial times when accepting the obvious trade-off just isn't good enough? What do we do when the choices in front of us don't get us what we need? Rather than choosing the least worst option, Creating Great Choices offers a model that guides you towards a new and superior answer... integrative thinking. First introduced by world-renowned strategic thinker Roger Martin in The Opposable Mind, integrative thinking is an approach to problem solving that uses opposing ideas as the basis for innovation. Now, in Creating Great Choices, Martin and his longtime thinking partner Jennifer Riel vividly illustrate how integrative thinking works, and how to do it. The book includes fresh stories of successful integrative thinkers that will demystify the process of creative problem solving, as well as practical tools and exercises to help readers engage with the ideas. And it lays out the authors' four-step methodology for creating great choices, which can be applied in virtually any context. The result is a replicable, thoughtful approach to finding a third and better way to make important choices in the face of unacceptable trade‐offs. Insightful and instructive, Creating Great Choices blends storytelling, theory, and hands-on advice to help any leader or manager facing a tough choice. |
| convergent thinking definition psychology: Creativity and Music Education Timothy Sullivan, Lee Willingham, 2002-09-15 Seventeen contributors make a compelling case for including creativity as part of the music classroom, from kindergarten to teacher training courses. Practical solutions and time tested practices are provided. |
| convergent thinking definition psychology: The Agile Mind Wilma Koutstaal, 2012 In this book, Wilma Koutstaal covers all aspects of agile thought, and how it emerges from and interacts with memory, perception, emotion, executive control, motivation, and action, as well as how it is related to creativity, mediated by learning and environmental input, enhanced by plasticity, and destroyed by rigidity. The Agile Mind brings together much theory and work in cognitive neuroscience and cognitive psychology, so will be a valuable resource for researchers in those fields. |
| convergent thinking definition psychology: Creativity and Development R. Keith Sawyer, Vera John-Steiner, Seana Moran, Robert J. Sternberg, David Henry Feldman, Howard Gardner, Jeanne Nakamura, Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, 2003-09-04 What is creativity, and where does it come from? Creativity and Development explores the fascinating connections and tensions between creativity research and developmental psychology, two fields that have largely progressed independently of each other-until now. In this book, scholars influential in both fields explore the emergence of new ideas, and the development of the people and situations that bring them to fruition. The uniquely collaborative nature of Oxford's Counterpoints series allows them to engage in a dialogue, addressing the key issues and potential benefits of exploring the connections between creativity and development. Creativity and Development is based on the observation that both creativity and development are processes that occur in complex systems, in which later stages or changes emerge from the prior state of the system. In the 1970s and 1980s, creativity researchers shifted their focus from personality traits to cognitive and social processes, and the co-authors of this volume are some of the most influential figures in this shift. The central focus on system processes results in three related volume themes: how the outcomes of creativity and development emerge from dynamical processes, the interrelation between individual processes and social processes, and the role of mediating artifacts and domains in developmental and creative processes. The chapters touch on a wide range of important topics, with the authors drawing on their decades of research into creativity and development. Readers will learn about the creativity of children's play, the creative aspects of children's thinking, the creative processes of scientists, the role of education and teaching in creative development, and the role of multiple intelligences in both creativity and development. The final chapter is an important dialogue between the authors, who engage in a roundtable discussion and explore key questions facing contemporary researchers, such as: Does society suppress children's creativity? Are creativity and development specific to an intelligence or a domain? What role do social and cultural contexts play in creativity and development? Creativity and Development presents a powerful argument that both creativity scholars and developmental psychologists will benefit by becoming more familiar with each other's work. |
| convergent thinking definition psychology: Domain Specificity of Creativity John Baer, 2015-11-06 Recent research findings have challenged the idea that creativity is domain-general. Domain Specificity of Creativity brings together the research information on domain specificity in creativity -- both the research that supports it and answers to research arguments that might seem to challenge it. The implications for domain specificity affect how we move forward with theories of creativity, testing for creativity, and teaching for creativity. The book outlines what these changes are and how creativity research and applications of that research will change in light of these new findings. - Summarizes research regarding domain specificity in creativity - Outlines implications of these findings for creativity theory, testing, and teaching - Identifies unanswered questions and new research opportunities |
| convergent thinking definition psychology: George Eliot's Intellectual Life Avrom Fleishman, 2010-02-18 It is well known that George Eliot's intelligence and her wide knowledge of literature, history, philosophy and religion shaped her fiction, but until now no study has followed the development of her thinking through her whole career. This intellectual biography traces the course of that development from her initial Christian culture, through her loss of faith and working out of a humanistic and cautiously progressive world view, to the thought-provoking achievements of her novels. It focuses on her responses to her reading in her essays, reviews and letters as well as in the historical pictures of Romola, the political implications of Felix Holt, the comprehensive view of English society in Middlemarch, and the visionary account of personal inspiration in Daniel Deronda. This portrait of a major Victorian intellectual is an important addition to our understanding of Eliot's mind and works, as well as of her place in nineteenth-century British culture. |
| convergent thinking definition psychology: Critical Creative Processes Mark A. Runco, 2003 A wide range of processes is covered, including those which are entirely personal, and those which are interpersonal. In addition to addressing the notion that creativity requires both divergent and critical processes, this volume describes the roles played by traditional intelligence, language, and attributions in creative work.--BOOK JACKET. |
| convergent thinking definition psychology: Encyclopedia of Human Behavior , 2012-03-16 The Encyclopedia of Human Behavior, Second Edition, Three Voluime Set is an award-winning three-volume reference on human action and reaction, and the thoughts, feelings, and physiological functions behind those actions. Presented alphabetically by title, 300 articles probe both enduring and exciting new topics in physiological psychology, perception, personality, abnormal and clinical psychology, cognition and learning, social psychology, developmental psychology, language, and applied contexts. Written by leading scientists in these disciplines, every article has been peer-reviewed to establish clarity, accuracy, and comprehensiveness. The most comprehensive reference source to provide both depth and breadth to the study of human behavior, the encyclopedia will again be a much-used reference source. This set appeals to public, corporate, university and college libraries, libraries in two-year colleges, and some secondary schools. Carefully crafted, well written, and thoroughly indexed, the encyclopedia helps users-whether they are students just beginning formal study of the broad field or specialists in a branch of psychology-understand the field and how and why humans behave as we do. Named a 2013 Outstanding Academic Title by the American Library Association's Choice publication Concise entries (ten pages on average) provide foundational knowledge of the field Each article features suggested further readings, a list of related websites, a 5-10 word glossary and a definition paragraph, and cross-references to related articles in the encyclopedi Newly expanded editorial board and a host of international contributors from the United States, Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Ireland, Israel, Japan, Sweden, and the United Kingdom |
| convergent thinking definition psychology: The Cambridge Handbook of Creativity and Personality Research Gregory J. Feist, Roni Reiter-Palmon, James C. Kaufman, 2017-03-06 As individual subjects, creativity and personality have been the focus of much research and many publications. This Cambridge Handbook is the first to bring together these two topics and explores how personality and behavior affects creativity. Contributors from around the globe present cutting-edge research about how personality traits and motives make creative behavior more likely. Many aspects of personality and behavior are examined in the chapters, including genius, emotions, psychopathology, entrepreneurship, and multiculturalism, to analyse the impact of these on creativity. The Cambridge Handbook of Creativity and Personality Research will be the definitive resource for researchers, students and academics who study psychology, personality, and creativity. |
| convergent thinking definition psychology: A Student's Dictionary of Psychology and Neuroscience Nicky Hayes, Peter Stratton, 2022-03-14 An essential reference work for any student studying psychology for the first time, A Student's Dictionary of Psychology and Neuroscience (Seventh Edition) provides over 2,500 definitions of complex concepts in clear and accessible language alongside helpful diagrams. The dictionary offers comprehensive coverage of the main contemporary terms in psychology and neuroscience. This new edition features updated references which will be particularly relevant to the key areas of neuroscience and neuropsychology and also to recent concepts of psychological significance, such as expanded coverage of research methods, internet psychology, cognitive psychology and social psychology. The dictionary also features end material with useful notes for constructing student essays as well as key references and a list of common abbreviations. Extensive cross-referencing allows students to follow up and identify further details of a given topic, and mini-biographies of key psychologists help to provide relevant context. A Student's Dictionary of Psychology and Neuroscience is the perfect accompaniment for any student newly encountering this fascinating subject, those taking related disciplines in the health or social sciences, or professionals wanting to familiarise themselves with key terms and ideas. |
| convergent thinking definition psychology: The Neuroscience of Creativity Anna Abraham, 2018-10-25 Discover how the creative brain works across musical, literary, visual artistic, kinesthetic and scientific spheres, and how to study it. |
| convergent thinking definition psychology: Introduction to Psychology Jennifer Walinga, Charles Stangor, This book is designed to help students organize their thinking about psychology at a conceptual level. The focus on behaviour and empiricism has produced a text that is better organized, has fewer chapters, and is somewhat shorter than many of the leading books. The beginning of each section includes learning objectives; throughout the body of each section are key terms in bold followed by their definitions in italics; key takeaways, and exercises and critical thinking activities end each section. |
| convergent thinking definition psychology: Creativity and Problem Solving (The Brian Tracy Success Library) Brian Tracy, 2014-10-15 The hallmark of an exceptional career is the ability to devise innovative solutions for work challenges. Therefore, creative thinking skills are vital for your professional advancement. Recent research has revealed a direct causality between ideas and profitability, which means that in today’s competitive and technology-rich work environment, the most crucial element separating an extraordinary career from an ordinary one is creative thinking skills. As one of the world's premiere success experts, Brian Tracy knows anyone can become more creative by practicing with a few helpful tools. This concise, easy-to-read book guides you to immediately begin generating a stream of productive ideas. In Creativity & Problem Solving, Tracy reveals 21 proven techniques that will help you: Stimulate the three primary triggers to creativity Inspire a creative mindset in staff through recognition, rewards, and environment Use methods to solve problems, improve systems, devise new products, and come up with fresh, exciting marketing angles Ask focused questions to generate elegant solutions Understand the difference between mechanical and adaptive thinking Rigorously evaluate new ideas without shutting down the creative impulse Containing mind-stimulating exercises and down-to-earth strategies, Creativity & Problem Solving will help you tap into the root source of their own intuitive genius--and gain the winning edge they’ve been missing all this time. |
| convergent thinking definition psychology: From Conditioning to Conscious Recollection Howard Eichenbaum, Neal J. Cohen, 2004-11-18 This cutting-edge book offers a theoretical account of the evolution of multiple memory systems of the brain. The authors conceptualize these memory systems from both behavioral and neurobiological perspectives, guided by three related principles. First, that our understanding of a wide range of memory phenomena can be advanced by breaking down memory into multiple forms with different operating characteristics. Second, that different forms of memory representation are supported by distinct brain pathways with circuitry and neural coding properties. Third, that the contributions of different brain systems can be compared and contrasted by distinguishing between dedicated (or specific) and elaborate (or general) memory systems. A primary goal of this work is to relate the neurobiological properties of dedicated and elaborate systems to their neuropsychological counterparts, and in so doing, account for the phenomenology of memory, from conditioning to conscious recollection. |
| convergent thinking definition psychology: The Brain Book Phil Dobson, 2022 Your brain is your most valuable asset, and yet we are taught so little about it. The one thing that's involved in all your feelings, thoughts and actions, and you're never given the manual. Consequently few of us realize our potential. Recent developments in neuroscience demonstrate that your brain is like a muscle; you can increase your brain power, and even change and develop your brain over time. Grounded in scientific research, this book gives you 50 ways to get more from your brain. You'll gain an understanding of how your brain works and how you can boost your mental performance. You'll discover how to improve your focus and memory, and how you can enhance your problem-solving skills. You'll even learn how you can program your brain and keep it younger for longer. |
| convergent thinking definition psychology: The Psychology of Problem Solving Janet E. Davidson, Robert J. Sternberg, 2003-06-09 Problems are a central part of human life. The Psychology of Problem Solving organizes in one volume much of what psychologists know about problem solving and the factors that contribute to its success or failure. There are chapters by leading experts in this field, including Miriam Bassok, Randall Engle, Anders Ericsson, Arthur Graesser, Keith Stanovich, Norbert Schwarz, and Barry Zimmerman, among others. The Psychology of Problem Solving is divided into four parts. Following an introduction that reviews the nature of problems and the history and methods of the field, Part II focuses on individual differences in, and the influence of, the abilities and skills that humans bring to problem situations. Part III examines motivational and emotional states and cognitive strategies that influence problem solving performance, while Part IV summarizes and integrates the various views of problem solving proposed in the preceding chapters. |
| convergent thinking definition psychology: Simply Psychology Michael W. Eysenck, 2012-12-06 This textbook provides a comprehensive account of psychology for all those with little or no previous knowledge of the subject. It covers the main areas of psychology, including social psychology, developmental psychology, cognitive psychology, personality, intelligence, and biological psychology.; Each chapter contains definitions of key terms, together with several multiple-choice questions and answers, and semi- structured essay questions. In addition, every chapter contains a Personal Viewpoint section, which encourages the reader to compare his or her views on psychology with the relevant findings of psychologists. The last chapter is devoted to study skills, and provides numerous practical hints for readers who want to study more effectively. |
| convergent thinking definition psychology: The Multifaceted Nature Of Creativity In The Teaching Of Geometry Dorit Patkin, Atara Shriki, Ilana Levenberg, 2020-09-24 Geometry is one of the most ancient branches of mathematics. In order to 'understand geometry', learners should be able to infer in a deductive way as well as be endowed with enhanced visual competences. These prerequisites render plane geometry and solid geometry challenging for both teaching and learning. Hence, it is essential to consider creative ways for teaching the various branches of geometry in order to respond to the varied difficulties, while fostering deductive thinking and visual competences.This book aims to provide readers with a broad knowledge of the various aspects of creativity and its assessment and to expose them to creative methods and approaches to the teaching of geometry. The content of the book is grounded in the research literature that engages in creativity in general and in creativity in teaching in particular.The chapters collected in the book present the multifaceted nature of geometry teaching in a creative-integrated way while exposing the readers to the beauty of geometry. |
| convergent thinking definition psychology: Creativity and Giftedness Donald J. Treffinger, Sally M. Reis, Series Editor, 2004-03-11 The expert guide to the major issues, the chief trends, and the most effective models for nurturing creativity! Recognizing, assessing, and nurturing creativity continue to be dynamic, evolving topics in gifted education. The articles in Creativity and Giftedness offer over 20 years of research, insight, and practical applications designed to pique the interest of gifted students and inspire them to reach their full potential. Key features include: A rich portrait of the origins, current state, and future of the field of creativity from Donald J. Treffinger, Director of the Center for Creative Learning Examples and practical suggestions for putting research findings to use Sixteen influential articles from pioneers in creativity as well as from current leaders in the field The readings in this ready-reference debunk the many misconceptions about the connection between creativity and giftedness, and lend clarity to the most critical issues in this often nebulous area of gifted research. The ERGE Series: The National Association for Gifted Children series Essential Readings in Gifted Education is a 12-volume collection of seminal articles from Gifted Child Quarterly. Put the knowledge and power of more than 25 years of research on giftedness and talent into your hands with the leading theories, studies, and findings the experts in the field have to offer. |
| convergent thinking definition psychology: Inner Speech Peter Langland-Hassan, Agustín Vicente, 2018 Inner Speech focuses on a familiar and yet mysterious element of our daily lives. In light of renewed interest in the general connections between thought, language, and consciousness, this anthology develops a number of important new theories about internal voices and raises questions about their nature and cognitive functions. |
Convergent vs. divergent thinking: Finding the right balance …
Convergent thinking focuses on finding one well-defined solution to a problem. Divergent thinking is the opposite of convergent thinking and involves more creativity.
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Much of the pedagogy emphasizes this type of thinking called convergent thinking, in which there is a single correct solution and the students are encouraged to produce factual information …
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Convergent Thinking: Type of thinking in which the number of possible solutions is narrowed down to the single best solution. Divergent Thinking: Type of thinking in which the number of …
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Convergent thought is defined and measured in terms of the ability to perform on tasks where there is a single correct solution, while divergent thought is defined and measured in terms of …
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The first question involves convergent thinking while the second involves divergent thinking. According to Guilford, divergent thinking is responsible for creativity. Studies have also …
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instruction to engage in divergent and convergent thinking. Findings indicated that following divergent thinking methods with a method that facilitates convergent thinking in problem
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Convergent Thinking Definition Psychology: The Divergent and Convergent Thinking Book Dorte Nielsen,2017-02-28 An introduction to divergent and convergent thinking Guidelines to …
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Sep 1, 2017 · convergent thinking, depends on symbols, con-cepts, and rules. Directed thinking is deliberate and purposeful. It is through directed thinking that we solve problems; formulate and …
Full reference: Gabora, L. (2018). The neural basis and …
There is empirical evidence for oscillations in convergent and divergent thinking, and a relationship between divergent thinking and chaos (Guastello, 1998). The capacity to shift …
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Divergent thinking unfolds and broadens; convergent thinking narrows down and focuses, filtering the set of creative options to identify and clarify the next step.
Divergent & Convergent Thinking
Convergent thinking was a term created by American psychologist Joy Paul Guildford, known for his psychometric study of human intelligence, meaning the ability to give the ‘right’ answer.
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studies have explored movement’s effect on convergent thinking ability and divergent creative potential. This study aimed to investigate the effect of embodiment on convergent problem …
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Forming mental representations of objects or events. Images can be formed based on various sensory experiences, including vision, hearing, taste, and touch. Mental images can be …
1.1 FEATURES OF THOUGHT Thought can refer to the …
Convergent thinking is the type of thinking that focuses on coming up with the single, well-established answer to a problem. It is oriented toward deriving the single best, or most often …
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It is convergent thinking that converts divergent thinking into practicality. Students in the schools are trained for convergent thinking. Answering multiple-choice questions (MCQs) require …
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Our findings will provide important details about creativity, especially convergent and divergent thinking and their relation to personality. The findings will display how definitions of convergent …
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In this view, creative thought encompasses two fundamental pro-cesses; divergent thinking—the ability to generate multiple novel ideas, solutions, or possibilities in an open-ended …
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Thinking styles can be categorized into divergent thinking and convergent thinking. Divergent thinking involves generating multiple ideas, exploring different possibilities, and thinking …
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convergent thinking (i.e., questions that require students to narrow-in or converge on one, and only one, correct answer). Insert open-ended, divergent-thinking questions into your lecture …
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intuitive thinking as an adjunct to analytical thinking, both of which he presented as examples of higher-level cognition. The framework known as Dimensions of Learning (DOL) also makes …
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Curriculum Development; and the role of creative thinking skills in the crea-tivep roblem -solving process. Keywords: Creativity, structure of Intellect, divergent thinking, transfor-mation, …
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Convergent thinking is the opposite to divergent thinking where it is very outcome focused and seeks to provide solutions that have been generated from a set out ideas, data points or …
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Much of the pedagogy emphasizes this type of thinking called convergent thinking, in which there is a single correct solution and the students are encouraged to produce factual information …
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evaluating ideas. Research in cognitive psychology offers several per-spectives on creativity. For one, it offers insight into cognitive thinking processes relevant to creativity, whereby two widely …
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Psychology Faculty Publications Department of Psychology 5-1-2019 ... Divergent thinking tests are often used in creativity research as measures of creative potential. However, …
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method of science, a premise, creative thinking, core feature, divergent thinking, to explore, deviant, convergent thinking. FOLLOW-UP Task 1. Decide whether the following statements …
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Mcinerney, 2004; convergent thinking emphasizes producing a single response Efklides, 2011), has generally been divided into personal knowledge (e.g., hobbies, memory characteristics,
Problem Solving and Decision-Making Review Guide
A) THINKING 1) PROBLEM SOLVING STRATEGIES o Algorithms Definition: Example: o Heuristics Definition: Example: o Insight Definition: Example: 2) OBSTACLES to PROBLEM …
Divergent thinking is linked with convergent thinking
Divergent thinking is linked with convergent thinking; imp l c a ton s f rd e v y ... cschool of Psychology, k newcastle University ... used definition is that it is the generation of novel and ...
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Some thinking is highly private and may use symbols having personal meaning. Such thinking is called as Autistic Thinking. Example, day dreaming. There are certain other types of thinking …
Problem Solving and Decision-Making Review Guide
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1School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, England; and 2Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada Abstract Dual-process and …
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DEFINITION “Divergent thinking is the essence of Creativity” Guilford “Creativity is the Capacity of person to ... Uncreative Thinking means Convergent Thinking “Converge” Means to tend …
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Quick Estimate of Convergent Thinking Standard Definition of Creativity Divergent thinking (DT) tests are probably the most common-ly used measures of creative potential. Several extensive …
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“thinking processes” are referred to as divergent thinking and convergent thinking. Here are four examples: DIVERGENT THINKING Generating alternatives Free-fl owing open discussion …
www.ijcer.net Divergent Thinking and Convergent Thinking: …
Key words: Divergent thinking, Convergent thinking, Mathematics textbook analysis, Creativity, Open-ended tasks. Introduction. Divergent thinking (DT) and convergent thinking (CT), which …
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Convergent thinking is the process of finding a single best solution to a problem that we are trying to solve (Williams, 2003). Many tests that are used in schools, ... Cognitivism is the …
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brainstorming, “thinking outside the box,” etc. • Malia considers many different topics for her research paper/uses an innovative approach to help her to do well on the assignment. …
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psychology. Definition of Psychology, subject matter / nature of Psychology as a bio science, social science or pure science. The eclectic approach of modern Psychology. Emergence of …
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Decision making is often influenced by errors in thinking associated with the confirmation bias, the representativeness heuristic, and the availability heuristic.
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divergent thinking tests, problem-solving tasks or products to assess creativity (Long, 2014). Eysenck (1993) framed divergent-convergent interactions as important to conceptualizations …
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Education & Psychology Department ... creativity and comment on the impact of cultural and social contexts on the definition of creativity. Examining the main themes from Craft, Sternberg …
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Thinking and Problem Solving: • Thinking: Definition and types of thinking: Convergent and Divergent thinking. • Problem solving: strategies- Trial and error, Insight, Algorithm and …
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Created Date: 8/31/2020 12:10:56 PM
Reconsidering Divergent and Convergent Thinking in Creativity
and convergent thinking tasks also differ in terms of the required number of solutions to solve the task (i.e., divergent thinking tasks require numerous solutions, convergent thinking tasks …
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Creativity, Divergent thinking, Convergent Thinking, Creativity Support Tools ACM Reference Format: Jonas Frich, Midas Nouwens, Kim Halskov, and Peter Dalsgaard. 2021. How Digital …
The Tower of Hanoi in Dynamic Creative Problem Solving
The current study investigates convergent thinking in relation to two types of “spectrum” disorders, the autism spectrum and negative symptom schizotypy in a non-clinical sample. ! …
Give Your Ideas Some Legs: The Positive Effect of Walking on …
Apr 21, 2014 · Guilford (1967) argued that divergent thinking is distinct from convergent thinking. The compound remote-association test (CRA), created by Bowden and Jung-Beeman (2003) …
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A) THINKING 1) PROBLEM SOLVING STRATEGIES o Algorithms Definition: Example: o Heuristics Definition: Example: o Insight Definition: Example: 2) OBSTACLES to PROBLEM …
Divergence and convergence of mental forces of children …
thinking forms either in levels of cognitive abilities or types of functions of the mind. Problem Types for Measuring Divergent and Convergent Thinking The use of divergent or convergent …
Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
Examining the impact of children’s exploration behaviors on creativity Natalie S. Evansa,⇑, Rachael D. Todaroa, Molly A. Schlesingera, Roberta Michnick Golinkoffb, Kathy Hirsh …
Running head: The Shifting Sands of Creative Thinking
For Correspondence: Paul Sowden, School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK. p.sowden@surrey.ac.uk ... ”. Thus, their definition acknowledges that creativity …
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thinking. • Engage personal, organizational, and social benefits of CPS. • Use tools for divergent and convergent thinking. • Practice specific CPS methods in the service of personal, …
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Thinking & Reasoning Divergent thinking is linked with convergent thinking; implications for models of creativity Bruce, S. Rawlingsa,b, Daisy Chetwynd-Talbota, Erin Husbanda, Aisling …
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Creativity in mathematics performance: The role of divergent …
Jul 15, 2020 · and convergent thinking can be applied in both types of tasks. Mechanisms of divergent and convergent thinking Based on leading creativity theory (Brophy, 2001; Guilford, …
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thinking, the search for multiple solutions to a single problem, and convergent thinking, the quest for a single solution either through an analytical process or the experience of insight.
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DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY SYLLABUS FOR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME For Batch 2021-2024 . Semester I Course Code Title of the Paper Course Category Teaching ...
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Divergent Thinking & Convergent Thinking Divergent Thinking ：Generate a large amount of responses, following different perspectives, in original ways of thinking. Fluency: fluency in …
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thinking and problem solving use conceptual process models that involve both divergent and convergent thinking. Rickards (1994) identified models that con-sider both divergent and …
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“Divergent thinking can affect the dance routine by helping Linda and Dimitri think outside the box for new and better dance routines.” : “The dance performance includes new and creative steps …
What Is Convergent Thinking In Psychology Full PDF
Understanding Convergent Thinking The effects of divergent thinking and convergent thinking upon creative abilities Convergent Thinking for Advanced Learners, Grades 3–5 Advances on …
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66 PSYCHOLOGY SECONDARY COURSE Thinking and Problem Solving In Activity 1 You may not be able to solve the problem, because of the mental set that one has to keep the lines …
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Columbia University Justice Lab EAJUSTICE.ORG 3 negative consequences of risk-taking,23 their premature cognitive control system tends to drive them towards engaging in dangerous …
