| cost to incorporate a business: Incorporate Your Business Anthony Mancuso, 2011 Explains the advantages, disadvantages and tax consequences of incorporation plus provides step-by-step guidance for incorporating in all 50 states. The 6th edition is updated to cover recent changes in the law, including state, federal and tax law changes-- |
| cost to incorporate a business: Introduction to Business Lawrence J. Gitman, Carl McDaniel, Amit Shah, Monique Reece, Linda Koffel, Bethann Talsma, James C. Hyatt, 2024-09-16 Introduction to Business covers the scope and sequence of most introductory business courses. The book provides detailed explanations in the context of core themes such as customer satisfaction, ethics, entrepreneurship, global business, and managing change. Introduction to Business includes hundreds of current business examples from a range of industries and geographic locations, which feature a variety of individuals. The outcome is a balanced approach to the theory and application of business concepts, with attention to the knowledge and skills necessary for student success in this course and beyond. This is an adaptation of Introduction to Business by OpenStax. You can access the textbook as pdf for free at openstax.org. Minor editorial changes were made to ensure a better ebook reading experience. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. |
| cost to incorporate a business: How to Start a Business in California Entrepreneur Press, 2003 How to Start a Business in Californiais your roadmap to avoid planning, legal and financial pitfalls and direct you through the bureaucratic red tape that often entangles fledgling entrepreneurs. This all-in-one resource goes a step beyond other business how-to books to give you a jump-start on planning for your business and provides you with: Quick reference to the most current mailing and Internet addresses and telephone numbers for federal, state, local and private agencies that will help get your business up and running State population statistics, income and consumption rates, major industry trends and overall business incentives to give you a better picture of doing business in California Checklists, sample forms and a complete sample business plan to assist you with numerous startup details State-specific information on issues like choosing a legal form, selecting a business name, obtaining licenses and permits, registering to pay for taxes and knowing your employer responsibilities Federal and state options for financing your new venture |
| cost to incorporate a business: How to Start a Business in New Mexico Entrepreneur Press, 2004 How to Start a Business in New Mexicois your roadmap to avoid planning, legal and financial pitfalls and direct you through the bureaucratic red tape that often entangles fledgling entrepreneurs. This all-in-one resource goes a step beyond other business how-to books to give you a jump-start on planning for your business and provides you with: Quick reference to the most current mailing and Internet addresses and telephone numbers for federal, state, local and private agencies that will help get your business up and running. State population statistics, income and consumption rates, major industry trends and overall business incentives to give you a better picture of doing business in New Mexico. Checklists, sample forms and a complete sample business plan to assist you with numerous startup details. State-specific information on issues like choosing a legal form, selecting a business name, obtaining licenses and permits, registering to pay for taxes and knowing your employer responsibilities. Federal and state options for financing your new venture. |
| cost to incorporate a business: How to Start a Business in Oregon Entrepreneur Press, 2003 This series covers the federal, state, and local regulations imposed on small businesses, with concise, friendly and up-to-the-minute advice on each critical step of starting your own business. |
| cost to incorporate a business: How to Start a Business in Delaware Entrepreneur Press, 2004 Covers the federal, state and local regulations imposed on small businesses. Concise, friendly and up-to-the-minute, the book details each critical step. |
| cost to incorporate a business: North Dakota Blue Book , 1918 |
| cost to incorporate a business: How to Start a Business in Missouri Entrepreneur Press, 2004 An up-to-the-minute, concise and friendly book that details each critical step of starting your own business. Covers all the federal, state and local regulations. |
| cost to incorporate a business: Fundamentals of Business (black and White) Stephen J. Skripak, 2016-07-29 (Black & White version) Fundamentals of Business was created for Virginia Tech's MGT 1104 Foundations of Business through a collaboration between the Pamplin College of Business and Virginia Tech Libraries. This book is freely available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/70961 It is licensed with a Creative Commons-NonCommercial ShareAlike 3.0 license. |
| cost to incorporate a business: Occupations Code Texas, 1999 |
| cost to incorporate a business: How to Write a Great Business Plan William A. Sahlman, 2008-03-01 Judging by all the hoopla surrounding business plans, you'd think the only things standing between would-be entrepreneurs and spectacular success are glossy five-color charts, bundles of meticulous-looking spreadsheets, and decades of month-by-month financial projections. Yet nothing could be further from the truth. In fact, often the more elaborately crafted a business plan, the more likely the venture is to flop. Why? Most plans waste too much ink on numbers and devote too little to information that really matters to investors. The result? Investors discount them. In How to Write a Great Business Plan, William A. Sahlman shows how to avoid this all-too-common mistake by ensuring that your plan assesses the factors critical to every new venture: The people—the individuals launching and leading the venture and outside parties providing key services or important resources The opportunity—what the business will sell and to whom, and whether the venture can grow and how fast The context—the regulatory environment, interest rates, demographic trends, and other forces shaping the venture's fate Risk and reward—what can go wrong and right, and how the entrepreneurial team will respond Timely in this age of innovation, How to Write a Great Business Plan helps you give your new venture the best possible chances for success. |
| cost to incorporate a business: Own Your Own Corporation Garrett Sutton, 2008 Bearing the brand name of the No.1 NY Times bestseller OWN YOUR OWN CORPORATION allows readers to learn very quickly and easily the legal secrets and strategies that the rich have used to run their businesses and protect their assets. |
| cost to incorporate a business: How to Start a Business in Colorado Entrepreneur Press, 2007-07-09 SmartStart Your Business Today! How to Start a Business in Colorado is your road map to avoiding operational, legal and financial pitfalls and breaking through the bureaucratic red tape that often entangles new entrepreneurs. This all-in-one resource goes a step beyond other business how-to books to give you a jump-start on planning for your business. It provides you with: Valuable state-specific sample forms and letters on CD-ROM Mailing addresses, telephone numbers and websites for the federal, state, local and private agencies that will help get your business up and running State population statistics, income and consumption rates, major industry trends and overall business incentives to give you a better picture of doing business in Colorado Checklists, sample forms and a complete sample business plan to assist you with numerous startup details State-specific information on issues like choosing a legal form, selecting a business name, obtaining licenses and permits, registering to pay taxes and knowing your employer responsibilities Federal and state options for financing your new venture Resources, cost information, statistics and regulations have all been updated. That, plus a new easier-to-use layout putting all the state-specific information in one block of chapters, make this your must-have guide to getting your business off the ground. |
| cost to incorporate a business: Good Business Bill Novelli, 2021-02-02 An inspiring and practical look inside the mind of Bill Novelli, one of the founders of social marketing, Good Business challenges all of us to change the world for the better and is a blueprint for tackling today's critical issues. From his humble beginnings selling soap in a sales training program to his rapid rise in the fast-paced New York advertising scene, Bill Novelli was well on his way to becoming a leader in the hypercompetitive business world. But it wasn't long before he became disillusioned with the drive for profits at any cost. He knew that his marketing skills made those companies successful, but what good did that success do for the world? That question sent him on a career path that involved taking the marketing and communication tactics long used by big businesses and applying them to social change. He found that this strategy was not only good for the world but also good for business. In Good Business, Novelli begins with his early career success in Mad Men–era marketing, which left him feeling unfulfilled. He describes the process of changing career trajectory: how he helped reposition the Peace Corps; built Porter Novelli, a global PR agency for social impact; fought the Tobacco Wars; and became CEO of AARP, the largest nonprofit in America. Drawing practical lessons and principles from play-by-play stories of his experiences in large and small organizations, Novelli deploys his characteristic wit to stress the importance of building and maintaining connections with people—and engaging them in the cause. Good Business, which is part behind-the-scenes look at crafting social and health policy, part inspirational guide, proves that you can do well (creating economic and financial success for yourself and your company or organization) by doing good (helping to solve the world's and society's major problems). Throughout the book, Novelli shows that you can make a positive social difference regardless of what business you are in or where you are in your career. Readers will come away with the message that anyone who wants to have a positive impact on the world can do it right now from where they are—or can be inspired by Novelli's story to make the leap to somewhere they can. |
| cost to incorporate a business: The White Coat Investor James M. Dahle, 2014-01 Written by a practicing emergency physician, The White Coat Investor is a high-yield manual that specifically deals with the financial issues facing medical students, residents, physicians, dentists, and similar high-income professionals. Doctors are highly-educated and extensively trained at making difficult diagnoses and performing life saving procedures. However, they receive little to no training in business, personal finance, investing, insurance, taxes, estate planning, and asset protection. This book fills in the gaps and will teach you to use your high income to escape from your student loans, provide for your family, build wealth, and stop getting ripped off by unscrupulous financial professionals. Straight talk and clear explanations allow the book to be easily digested by a novice to the subject matter yet the book also contains advanced concepts specific to physicians you won't find in other financial books. This book will teach you how to: Graduate from medical school with as little debt as possible Escape from student loans within two to five years of residency graduation Purchase the right types and amounts of insurance Decide when to buy a house and how much to spend on it Learn to invest in a sensible, low-cost and effective manner with or without the assistance of an advisor Avoid investments which are designed to be sold, not bought Select advisors who give great service and advice at a fair price Become a millionaire within five to ten years of residency graduation Use a Backdoor Roth IRA and Stealth IRA to boost your retirement funds and decrease your taxes Protect your hard-won assets from professional and personal lawsuits Avoid estate taxes, avoid probate, and ensure your children and your money go where you want when you die Minimize your tax burden, keeping more of your hard-earned money Decide between an employee job and an independent contractor job Choose between sole proprietorship, Limited Liability Company, S Corporation, and C Corporation Take a look at the first pages of the book by clicking on the Look Inside feature Praise For The White Coat Investor Much of my financial planning practice is helping doctors to correct mistakes that reading this book would have avoided in the first place. - Allan S. Roth, MBA, CPA, CFP(R), Author of How a Second Grader Beats Wall Street Jim Dahle has done a lot of thinking about the peculiar financial problems facing physicians, and you, lucky reader, are about to reap the bounty of both his experience and his research. - William J. Bernstein, MD, Author of The Investor's Manifesto and seven other investing books This book should be in every career counselor's office and delivered with every medical degree. - Rick Van Ness, Author of Common Sense Investing The White Coat Investor provides an expert consult for your finances. I now feel confident I can be a millionaire at 40 without feeling like a jerk. - Joe Jones, DO Jim Dahle has done for physician financial illiteracy what penicillin did for neurosyphilis. - Dennis Bethel, MD An excellent practical personal finance guide for physicians in training and in practice from a non biased source we can actually trust. - Greg E Wilde, M.D Scroll up, click the buy button, and get started today! |
| cost to incorporate a business: How to Start a Business in Tennessee Entrepreneur Press, 2003-09-25 This series covers the federal, state, and local regulations imposed on small businesses, with concise, friendly and up-to-the-minute advice on each critical step of starting your own business. |
| cost to incorporate a business: Ultimate LLC Compliance Guide Michael Spadaccini, 2011-02-01 Business owners received critical instruction on the vital operations, legal formalities and periodic filing requirements necessary to keep their LLCs in compliance and prevent legal and tax liabilities. Essential operations such as day-to-day management, record keeping, calling and conducting meetings, recording LLC actions through the drafting of minutes, accepting investment and issuing LLC stock, periodic reporting requirements and more are all covered in detail. Includes complete definitions and explanations of all concepts surrounding LLCs and the roles and responsibilities of owners and manager. More than just a book of forms, it distills complex concepts in a clear, concise writing style to help demystify the process. • Contains a complete reference section with legal requirements, filing fees, taxation requirements and maintenance requirements for all 50 states • A complete reference section compares and contrasts the legal requirements, filing fees, taxation requirements and periodic maintenance requirements for all the 50 states in a comprehensive state-by-state guide • Includes special sections for nonprofits and tax-exempt organizations • Dozens of LLC sample forms that cover the widest possible range of LLC compliance are available via download. • Entire chapter devoted to minimizing personal liability risk • Covers LLC legal formalities, internal governance, record-keeping, vital LLC mechanics and more |
| cost to incorporate a business: How to Start a Business in New Hampshire Entrepreneur Press, 2004-03-16 How to Start a Business in New Hampshire is your roadmap to avoid planning, legal and financial pitfalls and direct you through the bureaucratic red tape that often entangles fledgling entrepreneurs. This all-in-one resource goes a step beyond other business how-to books to give you a jump-start on planning for your business and provides you with: Quick reference to the most current mailing and Internet addresses and telephone numbers for federal, state, local and private agencies that will help get your business up and running. State population statistics, income and consumption rates, major industry trends and overall business incentives to give you a better picture of doing business in New Hampshire. Checklists, sample forms and a complete sample business plan to assist you with numerous startup details. State-specific information on issues like choosing a legal form, selecting a business name, obtaining licenses and permits, registering to pay for taxes and knowing your employer responsibilities. Federal and state options for financing your new venture. |
| cost to incorporate a business: Tribal Business Structure Handbook Karen J. Atkinson, Kathleen M. Nilles, 2009 A comprehensive resource on the formation of tribal business entities. Hailed in Indian Country Today as offering one-stop knowledge on business structuring, the Handbook reviews each type of tribal business entity from the perspective of sovereign immunity and legal liability, corporate formation and governance, federal tax consequences and eligibility for special financing. Covers governmental entities and common forms of business structures. |
| cost to incorporate a business: Finance Code , 1997 |
| cost to incorporate a business: Working With Independent Contractors Stephen Fishman, 2020-07-28 Hire independent contractors without running into trouble Independent contractors (ICs) do every conceivable type of workfrom accounting to web developmentand gig economy websites make it easy to find and hire qualified ICs. Working with independent contractors saves your business money and gives you flexibility in hiring. But there are risks in trying to establish IC relationships. Simply calling a worker an independent contractor doesnt make them one. This book shows you how to avoid mistakes that can lead to lawsuits or costly fines from the IRS and state agencies. Learn how to: determine who qualifies as an IC document the IC relationship in a written agreement assess the risks of hiring freelancers and gig workers safeguard your companys intellectual property, and handleand settlean IRS audit. The 10th editioncompletely revised to reflect the latest changes in the lawincludes detailed examples of how a business should hire independent contractors. With downloadable forms: comes with invaluable forms that let you document a workers IC status and create strong contracts. Easy to download and tailor to your own situation, details inside. |
| cost to incorporate a business: Guide to Federal Incorporation , 2011 |
| cost to incorporate a business: How to Start a Business in Maine Entrepreneur Press, 2004 How to Start a Business in Maineis your roadmap to avoid planning, legal and financial pitfalls and direct you through the bureaucratic red tape that often entangles fledgling entrepreneurs. This all-in-one resource goes a step beyond other business how-to books to give you a jump-start on planning for your business and provides you with: Quick reference to the most current mailing and Internet addresses and telephone numbers for federal, state, local and private agencies that will help get your business up and running State population statistics, income and consumption rates, major industry trends and overall business incentives to give you a better picture of doing business in Maine Checklists, sample forms and a complete sample business plan to assist you with numerous startup details State-specific information on issues like choosing a legal form, selecting a business name, obtaining licenses and permits, registering to pay for taxes and knowing your employer responsibilities Federal and state options for financing your new venture |
| cost to incorporate a business: Business and Commerce Code Texas, 1968 |
| cost to incorporate a business: Tips & Traps When Incorporating Your Business Jeffery Jensen, Brian Radford, Stephen Bulpitt, 2005-09-20 Tactics for small business owners to incorporate on their own and reap big rewards Tips & Traps When Incorporating Your Business is for millions of small business owners who want to incorporate their businesses but are intimidated by the legal complexities and fees associated with the process. The authors clearly describe the types of corporations and explain the legal and tax advantages of each. Then, following the acclaimed Tips & Traps format, they: Walk readers step-by-step through the process--from picking a name to filing paperwork, issuing shares, and running shareholder meetings Supply samples of all the necessary forms, agreements, and other documents Provide checklists covering legal, financial, and tax-related aspects of incorporating Explain the different types of corporations and their key characteristics (including owner liability, tax treatment, documents needed, and management styles) Explore the right locations to incorporate a particular business, and how to raise capital for that corporation |
| cost to incorporate a business: LLC Vs. S-Corp Vs. C-Corp Mike Piper, 2019-07-22 The LLC, S-Corp, or C-Corp question is one of essential importance: Make the right decision, and you'll be paying less tax; you'll know your personal assets are protected from lawsuits against your business; and you might even save yourself some money on accounting and legal fees. Make the wrong decision, and you'll be paying an unnecessary amount of tax; you'll be wasting money on legal bills; and you'll be only a lawsuit away from losing your home and other personal assets. Find the following, explained in plain-English with no legal jargon: The basics of sole proprietorship, partnership, LLC, S-Corp, and C-Corp taxation. How to protect your personal assets from lawsuits against your business. When the protection offered by an LLC will work. (And more importantly, when it will not!) Which business structures could reduce your federal income tax or self-employment tax. |
| cost to incorporate a business: Charlie's Entrepreneurial Journey Lawrence J Spiegel, 2006-05 Then Frank said something that changed my life-one of the first things he'd said in years that truly made sense to me. Maybe you should start your own business, Chuck. He shrugged his shoulders and toyed with the closely shaved hair at his temples, the only hair remaining on his otherwise balding skull. You're sharp, a great writer, great creative guy. You've led teams here a number of times and people seem to like you. My dread turned to confusion, even mild irritation. Start my own business? How? I don't have any real savings, I don't manufacture anything, I don't know the first thing about running a company I stopped as Frank put up his hand to interrupt. Your greatest adversary is the man in the mirror. What Charlie didn't realize as he was losing his job was the amazing opportunity ahead of him. His time was now! Charlie had always dreamed of running his own business, being his own boss, and finally getting paid for his effort. In the following months Charlie built his business foundation from the ground up. Marketing, accounting, manufacturing, franchising and financing are just some of the topics Charlie tackles in his pursuit of the perfect business plan. Join Charlie on his journey of selecting a business and learn how his principles can help you in selecting your business. Now, it's my turn to challenge you-what's keeping you from starting your own business? Fear of failure? A lack of funds? No expertise? Let me tell you YOUR TIME IS NOW! |
| cost to incorporate a business: The Business Strategy Game Arthur A. Thompson, 1999 |
| cost to incorporate a business: Incorporating Your Business For Dummies The Company Corporation, 2011-03-16 If you’re a business owner, incorporation can help you protect your personal assets and cut down your tax bill. But all the paperwork and legalese can make incorporation seem like more trouble than it’s worth. Incorporating Your Business For Dummies offers all the savvy tips you need to get incorporated — starting today! Whether your business is big or small, incorporating isn’t as simple as it could be. This handy reference makes incorporation make sense, and guides you through the process step by step. From handling the mountain of paperwork to getting back to business once you’re finished, Incorporating Your Business For Dummies offers a wealth of helpful advice on these and many more topics: Knowing whether or not incorporation can help you Choosing the type of entity that will work best for your business Dealing with shareholders and shareholder agreements Transferring money and assets in or out of the corporation Documenting corporate actions and maintaining compliance Finding the right attorney, accountant, tax advisor, and other professionals Written by the experts at The Company Corporation, who handle more than 100,000 incorporations every year, this helpful book offers the kind of advice you can only get from professionals — but in a user-friendly, lingo-free format. Whether you just want a little help with the paperwork, or don’t even know what a corporation is, you’ll find everything you need to know: What limited liability means Corporate statutes, bylaws, and articles Choosing directors and assigning duties The benefits of S corporation status Deciding where to incorporate Registering corporate names and domain names Balancing equity versus debt Understanding shareholder rights Getting your financial information in order Hiring a professional to help with corporate compliance If you want step-by-step help on setting up your corporation, dealing with the paperwork, and getting off on the right foot, Incorporating Your Business For Dummies is the only resource you need. Packed with the kind of tips and advice you’ll find nowhere else, it’s the uncomplicated way to get incorporated. |
| cost to incorporate a business: Of Interest to Lawyers and All Concerned with Incorporating Business Enterprises Broun-Green company, New York, 1899 |
| cost to incorporate a business: Financial Management for Small Businesses Steven D. Hanson, Lindon J. Robison, J. Roy Black, 2017 |
| cost to incorporate a business: Forming and Operating California Limited Liability Companies Richard G. Burt, 1995-01-01 |
| cost to incorporate a business: Delaware Corporation Law and Practice David A. Drexler, Lewis S. Black, A. Gilchrist Sparks, 2002 |
| cost to incorporate a business: The Balanced Scorecard Robert S. Kaplan, David P. Norton, 2005 |
| cost to incorporate a business: Are You Ready to Incorporate? Socrates Media, 2005-09 Nothing is more exhilarating and more frightening than starting your own business. You face so many decisions to be made, strategies to consider and tactics to implement, not the least of which is how your business is to be structured and organized. Are You Ready to Incorporate? is an indispensable resource that will help you make your most important business decisions. Book jacket. |
| cost to incorporate a business: Incorporate Your Business Anthony Mancuso, 2021-06-29 This is a comprehensive, but easy-to-use guide for anyone who wants to form a corporation in any state. This edition is updated to cover all changes to state, federal, and tax law. |
| cost to incorporate a business: Incorporate Your Business Robert A. Cooke, 2004-11-17 With real-world examples, charts, and tables, this handy guide will help you calculate the benefits of incorporation for your business—before you decide to take the leap. For small business owners, with Incorporate Your Business you'll master all the fundamentals, including: Overall benefits of incorporation Tax changes under incorporation Various types of corporations Completing all the paperwork correctly Setting up a corporate structure Electing officers and setting up the board Holding important organizational meetings |
| cost to incorporate a business: Winning in Biz Ron Santini, 2006 |
| cost to incorporate a business: Small Business Management Timothy S. Hatten, 2019-01-02 Now with SAGE Publishing, Timothy S. Hatten’s Seventh Edition of Small Business Management equips students with the tools they need to navigate the important financial, legal, marketing, managerial, and operational decisions to help them create and maintain a sustainable competitive advantage in small business. Strong emphasis is placed on application with Experiential Learning Activities and application of technology and social media throughout. New cases, real-world examples, and illuminating features spotlight the diverse, innovative contributions of small business owners to the economy. Whether students dream of launching a new venture, purchasing a franchise, managing a lifestyle business, or joining the family company, they will learn important best practices for competing in the modern business world. This title is accompanied by a complete teaching and learning package. |
| cost to incorporate a business: Survey of Current Business , 2003 |
Costco Wholesale Corporation (COST) - Yahoo Finance
Find the latest Costco Wholesale Corporation (COST) stock quote, history, news and other vital information to help you with your stock trading and investing.
COST Stock Price | Costco Wholesale Corp. Stock Quote (U.S ...
3 days ago · COST | Complete Costco Wholesale Corp. stock news by MarketWatch. View real-time stock prices and stock quotes for a full financial overview.
COST Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of COST is the amount or equivalent paid or charged for something : price. How to use cost in a sentence.
COST | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
COST definition: 1. the amount of money needed to buy, do, or make something: 2. the amount of money needed for a…. Learn more.
Cost - definition of cost by The Free Dictionary
cost - value measured by what must be given or done or undergone to obtain something; "the cost in human life was enormous"; "the price of success is hard work"; "what price glory?"
Cost - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms - Vocabulary.com
The cost of something is how much money you need to spend on it. The high cost of a fancy coffee drink might surprise you. A new car costs thousands of dollars, while in some places penny …
What is a Cost? - Definition | Meaning | Example
Definition: A cost is an expenditure required to produce or sell a product or get an asset ready for normal use. In other words, it’s the amount paid to manufacture a product, purchase inventory, …
Costco Wholesale Corporation (COST) - Yahoo Finance
Find the latest Costco Wholesale Corporation (COST) stock quote, history, news and other vital information to help you with your stock trading and investing.
COST Stock Price | Costco Wholesale Corp. Stock Quote (U.S ...
3 days ago · COST | Complete Costco Wholesale Corp. stock news by MarketWatch. View real-time stock prices and stock quotes for a full financial overview.
COST Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of COST is the amount or equivalent paid or charged for something : price. How to use cost in a sentence.
COST | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
COST definition: 1. the amount of money needed to buy, do, or make something: 2. the amount of money needed for a…. Learn more.
Cost - definition of cost by The Free Dictionary
cost - value measured by what must be given or done or undergone to obtain something; "the cost in human life was enormous"; "the price of success is hard work"; "what price glory?"
Cost - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms - Vocabulary.com
The cost of something is how much money you need to spend on it. The high cost of a fancy coffee drink might surprise you. A new car costs thousands of dollars, while in some places …
What is a Cost? - Definition | Meaning | Example
Definition: A cost is an expenditure required to produce or sell a product or get an asset ready for normal use. In other words, it’s the amount paid to manufacture a product, purchase inventory, …
