Cost Of Forklift Training

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  cost of forklift training: Forklift Training Charlie Gray, 2014-09-04 It is a requirement of The Occupational Safety and Health Administration ( OSHA ) that any person who operates a forklift should receive proper training and be evaluated under a minimum set of safety standards. Carolina Trucking Academy is pleased to offer a program designed to comply with these standards to those who wish to pursue work as a forklift operator.
  cost of forklift training: Complete Forklift Course for Beginners Allan Fowler, 2015-07-07 Complete Forklift Course for Beginners Ever wanted to operate a forklift, but have no idea where to start? Created by Australia's leading online training provider, Your Licence, the Complete Forklift Course for Beginners offers a comprehensive introduction to forklift truck operations and on-the-job requirements, providing aspiring forklift drivers with the key information needed to obtain forklift certification. With a strong focus on safety, this book includes information on: Parts and controls for different forklifts you may use, including propane, LPG and battery powered electric forklifts, as well as reach forklifts. How to plan a job and reduce risks to yourself and others. How to conduct a forklift inspection using a checklist to ensure it's safe to use, and what to do if you find a fault. How to lift, move and place loads. How to figure out the weight and centre of gravity of loads so you don't overload your forklift. How to correctly shut down, secure, refuel and maintain your forklift. How to meet legal requirements when on the job. Along with a step-by-step guide to operations in industrial and warehouse settings, this forklift training book includes a variety of sample assessment questions, allowing you to test your learning along the way. The training material included is mapped to Australian standards, and is suitable for international use. This guide is presented in an easy-to-understand, engaging format, and is suitable for persons of all ages, with a basic/intermediate level of written English skills.
  cost of forklift training: Forklift Safety George Swartz, 1999-06-01 Written for the more than 1.5 million powered industrial truck operators and supervisors in general industry, as well as those in the construction and marine industries, this Second Edition provides an updated guide to training operators in safety and complying with OSHA's 1999 forklift standard. This edition of Forklift Safety includes a new chapter devoted to the new OSHA 1910.178 standard and new information regarding dock safety, narrow aisle trucks, off-dock incidents, tip-over safety, pallet safety, and carbon monoxide.
  cost of forklift training: Safety Standard for Lift Trucks Canadian Standards Association, 2004-01-01
  cost of forklift training: Forklift Operator Training Brad Porcellato, 2019-11-19 This curriculum is intended to be used during Forklift Operator Training. Employers can assign an existing trained operator as their in house trainer. The curriculum includes a copy of the exam and operational test. A printable (PDF) version of the exam / operational test is available on our website at no cost. If you are issuing your own certificates and wallet cards, we'd be happy to email a free template. We can also generate certificates and wallet cards for those who prefer it, at an added cost. Our Forklift Operator Training Course (Curriculum), covers the following items: Due Diligence Basics, Occupational Health & Safety Management, Course Objectives, General Safety Rules, Operator's Daily Check, Terminology, Mast Types, Forklift Tire Types, The Professional Operator, Maintaining Control, Maintaining Stability, The Stability Triangle, Load Handling, Loading & Unloading Vehicles, Batteries, Safe Handling of Propane (LPG) Fuel, Maintenance, Fork Safety, Ergonomics, Common Factors in Forklift Hazards, Forklift Classes, Lift Codes and Images, Minimum Safe Approach Distance - MSAD, Designations, Glossary of Terms and much more.
  cost of forklift training: The Forklifts Have Nothing to Do! Joseph L. Walden, 2003 The Forklifts Have Nothing To Do! provides practical methods for improving supply chain operations. Colonel Joe Walden has spent more than 30 years leading and improving supply chain operations. Improving your supply chain will improve your bottom line, regardless of your industry. His recommendations draw on examples in civilian industry and military operations, including his experiences in Operation Iraqi Freedom and his experience as a consultant to FORTUNE 500 Companies. The examples is this book demonstrate that supply chain operations in the military are very similar to supply chain operations in commercial industry. The successful management of supply chains in the military and corporations has the ability to improve operations for the organization and improve support for the customer.
  cost of forklift training: Forklift Operator Training Brad Porcellato, 2019-11-19 This curriculum is intended to be used during Forklift Operator Training. Employers can assign an existing trained operator as their in house trainer. The curriculum includes a copy of the exam and operational test. A printable (PDF) version of the operational test is available on our website at no cost. If you are issuing your own certificates and wallet cards, we'd be happy to email a free template. We can also generate certificates and wallet cards for those who prefer it, at an added cost. Our Forklift Operator Training Course (Curriculum), covers the following items: Due Diligence Basics, Occupational Health & Safety Management, Course Objectives, General Safety Rules, Operator's Daily Check, Terminology, Mast Types, Forklift Tire Types, The Professional Operator, Maintaining Control, Maintaining Stability, The Stability Triangle, Load Handling, Loading & Unloading Vehicles, Batteries, Safe Handling of Propane (LPG) Fuel, Maintenance, Fork Safety, Ergonomics, Common Factors in Forklift Hazards, Forklift Classes, Lift Codes and Images, Minimum Safe Approach Distance - MSAD, Designations, Glossary of Terms and much more.
  cost of forklift training: Inquizitive Maths for NSW Teacher's Book Stage 1A Kirrily Kuschert, Lynne Outhred, Tom Lowrie, Bob Perry, Sarah Sardelich, Noel Thomas, 2003 ... written specifically to help schools implement the Mathematics K-6 syllabus 2002--Cover.
  cost of forklift training: How I Learned to Let My Workers Lead Ralph Stayer, 2009-09-10 Are your employees like a synchronized V of geese in flight-sharing goals and taking turns leading? Or are they more like a herd of buffalo-blindly following you and standing around awaiting instructions? If they're like buffalo, their passivity and lack of initiative could doom your company. In How I Learned to Let My Workers Lead, you'll discover how to transform buffalo into geese-by reshaping organizational systems and redefining employees' expectations about what it takes to succeed. Since 1922, Harvard Business Review has been a leading source of breakthrough ideas in management practice. The Harvard Business Review Classics series now offers you the opportunity to make these seminal pieces a part of your permanent management library. Each highly readable volume contains a groundbreaking idea that continues to shape best practices and inspire countless managers around the world.
  cost of forklift training: Heavy Equipment Operations NCCER, 2012 This exceptionally produced trainee guide features a highly illustrated design, technical hints and tips from industry experts, review questions and a whole lot more! Key content includes: Orientation to the Trade, Heavy Equipment Safety, Identification of Heavy Equipment, Basic Operational Techniques, Utility Tractors, Introduction to Earth Moving, and Grades-Part One. Instructor Supplements Instructors: Product supplements may be ordered directly through OASIS at http://oasis.pearson.com. For more information contact your Pearson NCCER/Contren Sales Specialist at http://nccer.pearsonconstructionbooks.com/store/sales.aspx. · Annotated Instructor's Guide (AIG) Paperback (Includes access code for Instructor Resource Center) 978-0-13-292166-4 · TestGen Software and Test Questions - Available for download from www.nccerirc.com . Access code comes in AIG and also available separately. · Additional TestGen Software Access Code Cards 978-0-13-292207-4 · PowerPoint® Presentation Slides 978-0-13-292167-1 NCCER CONNECT Trainee Guide Paperback + Access Card Package: $90 978-0-13-303356-4 IG Paperback + Access Card Package: $165 978-0-13-298645-8 Access Card ONLY for Trainee Guide: $65 (does not include print book) 978-0-13-302107-3 Access Card ONLY for IG: $100 (does not include print book) 978-0-13-302146-2 ELECTRONIC Access Code ONLY for Trainee Guide: $65 (must be ordered electronically via OASIS; does not include print book) 978-0-13-302236-0 ELECTRONIC Access Code ONLY for IG: $100 (must be ordered electronically via OASIS; does not include print book) 978-0-13-302237-7
  cost of forklift training: Forklift Operator Training Roger Jefferies, 2011
  cost of forklift training: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations Pocketbook (7orsa) J J Keller, 2010-04-01
  cost of forklift training: Eye Protection in the Workplace United States. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 1987
  cost of forklift training: Stairways and Ladders , 1993
  cost of forklift training: NSC Emergency Medical Response [With DVD and Pocket Guide] National Safety Council, 2011-09 First Responder: Skills in Action program is the most authoritative teaching and learning program available. This new resource gives students the knowledge, skills, and confidence they need to care for victims of sudden illness and accidents. Students will see clearly how to function when no specialized equipment is available and how to perform as key assistants to the emergency medical technician or paramedic who arrives on the scene.
  cost of forklift training: A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO PRODUCT/SERVICE COSTING & PRICING IN THE BUSINESS WORLD DICKSON AKAM NTUH, 2024-04-28 In the dynamic world of business, where profitability is the ultimate pursuit, the realms of costing and pricing reign supreme. Like a master symphony conductor, every entrepreneur and manager must skillfully orchestrate the delicate balance between cost and prices to create a harmonious melody of success. Welcome to a journey that explores the intricacies, methodologies, and strategies behind costing and pricing a voyage that will empower you to navigate the jumble of financial decisions with finesse. Within the pages of this book, we delve deep into the captivating world of costing, where we uncover a treasure trove of methods that unravel the enigma of expenses. From traditional methods like absorption costing and job costing to innovative approaches like activity-based costing and target costing, we dissect each technique, unveiling their unique merits and demystifying their complexities. As we unravel the intricate web of cost, you will gain the tools to dissect your organization's expenses, assess their impact, and make informed decisions that elevate your business to new heights. However, cost control alone is not enough to navigate the turbulent seas of modern commerce. It is within the symphony of pricing strategies that the true potential for profitability lies. With meticulous attention, we explore the multifaceted landscape of pricing, where art and science converge to shape the market dynamics. From cost-plus pricing and value-based pricing to skimming and penetration pricing, each strategy is dissected, evaluated, and synthesized to equip you with a formidable arsenal of pricing techniques. By understanding the psychology of pricing, market segmentation, and the impact of competitive forces, you will be empowered to set optimal prices that captivate customers, maximize revenues, and ensure long-term sustainability. Yet, the journey does not stop there. Recognizing the inseparable bond between cost and prices, we explore the nexus between the two a realm where profitability and competitiveness intersect. We embark on a quest for cost reduction, uncovering innovative approaches and strategies that can bolster your bottom line without compromising quality. We unearth the power of lean management, process optimization, strategic sourcing, and supply chain efficiencies, allowing you to shape a leaner and more resilient business ecosystem. Moreover, we delve into the realm of iv price optimization, where strategic discounting, pricing psychology, and revenue management techniques converge to unlock new avenues of growth and profit. Throughout this voyage, we embrace the nuances of various industries, from manufacturing to services, retail to technology, and beyond. Drawing from real-world case studies, industry best practices, and expert insights, we distill the essence of costing and pricing to offer practical guidance that transcends organizational boundaries. Regardless of your sector, whether you are a budding entrepreneur, seasoned manager, or aspiring financial expert, this book aims to equip you with the knowledge and skills to make informed decisions, outmaneuver your competitors, and unleash the true potential of your enterprise. As we embark on this transformative journey through the enchanting landscape of costing and pricing, prepare to unlock a new realm of financial daring. Together, let us cross the intricacies of costing methods, cost reduction strategies, and the art of pricing to plan a symphony of profitability that resonates far beyond the realms of commerce. Welcome to the realm where cost and prices converge a world of strategic decision-making, untapped opportunities, and boundless potential.
  cost of forklift training: Forklift Training Montana Safety Bureau, 2021-02-02
  cost of forklift training: Pediatric First Aid, CPR, and AED National Safety Council, 2008 Pediatric First Aid, CPR, and AED is a first edition product for McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Part of a series of titles authored by the National Safety Council, Pediatric First Aid, CPR, and AED covers the material required in a Standard First Aid, CPR and AED course. The focus is teaching the layperson to recognize and act in any pediatric emergency and to sustain life until professional help can arrive. Quality content features information based on the current national guidelines for breathing and cardiac emergencies. Other information includes bleeding control, and first aid for sudden illnesses and injuries. Focus is also on preventing injury and illness in children and the first aid for common illnesses and injuries that children sustain. Information is presented in a concise easy -to-read manner that works as a handy reference after the course.National Safety Council programs and products are designed to benefit all types of learning styles by combining lectures, video presentations, group discussions, and hands-on training.
  cost of forklift training: Pediatric First Aid and CPR National Safety Council, 2001
  cost of forklift training: Safety in Working with Lift Trucks , 2000 This guidance is relevant for anyone with responsibility for the safe operation of lift trucks, eg employers, controllers of worksites, managers, supervisors or operators. Other people involved with lift trucks, eg TU health and safety representatives, may also find it useful. The guidance does not, however, replace formal training. The main areas covered are: the law; types of lift truck; lift truck operators; training; authorisation to drive; the working area; protecting pedestrians and operators; operation of lift trucks; trailers and loading platforms; maintenance; and two appendicies covering training bodies and medical standards for lift truck operators.
  cost of forklift training: The Ultimate Isometrics Manual Paul Wade, 2020-09
  cost of forklift training: Importing Into the United States U. S. Customs and Border Protection, 2015-10-12 Explains process of importing goods into the U.S., including informed compliance, invoices, duty assessments, classification and value, marking requirements, etc.
  cost of forklift training: Chilton's Distribution , 1990
  cost of forklift training: Forklift Operator Training Brad Porcellato, 2019 This curriculum is intended to be used during Forklift Operator Training. Employers can assign an existing trained operator as their in house trainer. The curriculum includes a copy of the exam and operational test. A printable (PDF) version of the exam / operational test is available on our website at no cost. If you are issuing your own certificates and wallet cards, we'd be happy to email a free template. We can also generate certificates and wallet cards for those who prefer it, at an added cost. Our Forklift Operator Training Course (Curriculum), covers the following items: Due Diligence Basics, Occupational Health & Safety Management, Course Objectives, General Safety Rules, Operator's Daily Check, Terminology, Mast Types, Forklift Tire Types, The Professional Operator, Maintaining Control, Maintaining Stability, The Stability Triangle, Load Handling, Loading & Unloading Vehicles, Batteries, Safe Handling of Propane (LPG) Fuel, Maintenance, Fork Safety, Ergonomics, Common Factors in Forklift Hazards, Forklift Classes, Lift Codes and Images, Minimum Safe Approach Distance ? MSAD, Designations, Glossary of Terms and much more.
  cost of forklift training: Leap Robert Castiglione, 2005-01-01
  cost of forklift training: Dangerous Goods , 2010
  cost of forklift training: Agricultural Equipment Technician , 2019
  cost of forklift training: Forklift Daily Inspection Checklist Log Book AllYuss Testers, 2021-08-23 Forklift Daily Inspection Checklist Log Book This book contains: Cover page with Company name and Dates used & Area for NOTES Quick Index and NUMBERED PAGES to easily searching your orders Book Features: 127 pages (120 Records) unique interior design Premium matte cover design Travel Size - Perfectly Sized at 6 x 9 Perfect binding cover; no need to worry about pages accidentally ripping High-quality papers for any type of pencil, pen, or ink
  cost of forklift training: Cutting Costs Fred H. Neu, 2013-02-20 Addressing a topic of critical importance to every business, this book provides managers at all levels the tools to conduct a successful cost-cutting and productivity-improvement program. Cost cutting and improving productivity are objectives that have always been—and continue to be—critically important to businesses. Today, being efficient isn't simply best practice; it's essential to preventing layoffs and facility closures. In Cutting Costs: Successful Strategies for Improving Productivity, a certified management consultant with nearly four decades of experience presents his highly relevant and extensive knowledge to help businesses make significant improvements and be more successful. Providing a practical progression of information that is simple to understand and easy to put to use and benefit from, Fred H. Neu's advice and insights will be invaluable to all business owners, managers with budget responsibility, business finance and accounting professionals, management consultants, business school instructors, and business school students.
  cost of forklift training: Washington State Traffic Control Flagger Certification Evergreen Safety Council, 2021-05
  cost of forklift training: Warehousing for Freight and Logitics Brent Glesby, 2012-01-01 Chapter 1 Warehousing Introduction - Manufacturer’s needs vs. Distributor’s needs, Storage and Distribution Cycle Chapter 2 Material Handling Systems – types, costs and benefits Chapter 3 Material Storage and Pick Systems - High density vs. Order selection systems (Hybrid system), Automated systems, Roll form steel vs. Structural steel, Front End frame leg protection, Weight Capacity and Load Rating, Lean or ‘out of square’ end frames, Paint options, Signage, Location set up (Zone, Section, Position and Level), Base Plates, SafetyBars Chapter 4 Warehouse Operations - Receiving or Inbound , Stocking or Put-Away, Stock Rotation and Replenishment to Pick Line, Order Selection or Picking, A-B-C movers, Single vs. Batch orders, Benchmarking, Cases per order, Cases per line item, Cases per hour, Lines per hour Shipping or Loading, Loading Techniques, Product Protection Supplies, Pallets, Inventory Control, Cycle Counting, Full Physical count, Inventory Count Process Flowchart, Product Holds, Reporting, Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), Scanning & RFID = Real Time, Special Services, Adding Value, Warehouse Productivity Chapter 5 Design of Material Storage and Case Pick Systems - Inventory levels, SKUs, inbound and outbound, Rack to Aisle Ratio, Pick Positions, Utilization Rate, Usable Pallet Positions, Square Foot per Usable Pallet Position, Cost per Usable Pallet Position, Three Rack layout plans and Cost comparison, Critical Dimensions in the Storage/Picking Area, Aisle Width, Rack cut- throughs or cut-unders Chapter 6 Design and Systems of the Loading Dock Area – Dock Doors, Dock shelters, airbags, cushion seal and drop curtains, Dock Leveler or Plates, Trailer Restraints, Dock Interlock systems, Interior Door Systems, Door Activation systems, Bollards Chapter 7 Design and Systems of other Warehouse Areas - Maintenance Shop, Mechanical Room, Battery Charging Room, Order Staging area, Exterior Truck Yard , Ceiling height or Clear height Chapter 8 Property Maintenance and Building Systems - Walls and Wall Protection, Floor , Fibre reinforced floor, Floor flatness, Roof (Built Up or Multi-ply Bitumen, Metal Clad, EPDM), Fire Prevention Systems, Lighting Types and Levels, Temperature Records, Security System, Energy Efficiency, Risk Management and Insurance Emergency Plan, Back Up / Contingency Plan Chapter 9 How to purchase 3rd Party Warehousing - Why outsource your warehousing? High Cost of Construction Capital, Sharing the Cost of Fixed Expenses, Experts in the Industry, Accessing a Larger Pool of Space and Handling Equipment when necessary, Ability to Tender the Business and Move if necessary, Information required by the 3rd party to bid on your business Cost Drivers and Rates, Variable Costs, Fixed Costs, Budget Rates, Cost Plus arrangement, Activity Rates for Storage, Handling and Case Pick, Tie and Tier considerations, Special Services, Typical 3rd Party Rates, Tips and suggestions when purchasing warehousing services, Warehousing Contracts, Insurance, Terms and Conditions, Warehouseman’s lien act
  cost of forklift training: The Engineer , 1994
  cost of forklift training: Cases on Learning Design and Human Performance Technology Stefaniak, Jill, 2019-07-05 As a company grows and new business opportunities are presented, there is an expectation that employee performance will grow and improve as the organization does. One method to improve performance is through systematic, data-driven technology that analyzes all affecting aspects of an organization. A better understanding of how this quality-improving technology can be integrated within a variety of different industries is needed in order to develop strategies and interventions that address an organizational need. Cases on Learning Design and Human Performance Technology provides a collection of cases that demonstrate how principles of learning design and human performance technology have been employed within organizations in a variety of industries to address business problems, quality improvement initiatives, and business opportunities. While highlighting topics including intervention design, workflow procedures, and employee development, this book is ideally designed for managers, executives, human resources, IT specialists, academicians, business professionals, industry practitioners, researchers, and students.
  cost of forklift training: Disruptive Technologies in Education and Workforce Development Delello, Julie A., McWhorter, Rochell R., 2024-07-17 The education sector and workforce each face significant challenges in adapting to the unprecedented pace of technological advancement. Integrating artificial intelligence (AI), big data analytics, and other disruptive technologies is reshaping job roles and even entire industries, creating a pressing need for individuals and institutions to keep pace with these transformations. However, understanding and harnessing these technologies' potential can be daunting, especially without comprehensive resources that provide insights into their multifaceted impacts. Disruptive Technologies in Education and Workforce Development offers a comprehensive solution by exploring the profound implications of disruptive and emerging technologies. This book provides a roadmap for educators, policymakers, and professionals seeking to navigate the complexities of the digital age. The book focuses on innovative teaching and learning approaches, equipping readers with the knowledge and strategies to leverage these technologies effectively.
  cost of forklift training: Management of Off-Highway Plant and Equipment D.J. Edwards, F.C. Harris, Ron McCaffer, 2003-09-02 Management of Off-highway Plant and Equipment provides a working knowledge of plant management for today's engineers, managers and students, and explains concisely and clearly the factors to be considered during investment in, and management of, construction equipment. It compares the cost of leasing with those of purchase, discusses ways of achieving optimum economic usage of plant, and covers issues of health and safety, licensing and the logistics of maintenance.
  cost of forklift training: The National Agricultural Directory 2011 , 2010
  cost of forklift training: Fathom , 1972
  cost of forklift training: Federal Register , 1992-01-27
  cost of forklift training: Effective Training P. Nick Blanchard, James W. Thacker, Dana M. Cosby, 2023-10-04 Formerly published by Chicago Business Press, now published by Sage Effective Training: Systems, Strategies, and Practices is unique in its integration of theory with effective and practical training applications. Authors P. Nick Blanchard, James W. Thacker, and Dana Cosby examine the relationship between change management and training, introduce the ADDIE model as an overarching framework for the training process, and consider perspectives relevant to small businesses. Additionally, this text provides a step-by-step process for developing learning objectives and highlights the importance of integrating both learning and design theories in creating successful training programs. The Seventh Edition adds new material while enhancing the ease of reading and understanding. The end of each relevant chapter (needs analysis, design, development and implementation, and evaluation) features an example of the process of developing an actual training program (Fabrics, Inc.). At the end of each chapter are discussion questions, cases, and exercises to enhance understanding.
  cost of forklift training: Training in Units United States. Department of the Army, 1993
Costco Wholesale Corporation (COST) - Yahoo Finance
Find the latest Costco Wholesale Corporation (COST) stock quote, history, news and other vital information to help you with your stock trading and investing.

COST Stock Price | Costco Wholesale Corp. Stock Quote (U.S ...
3 days ago · COST | Complete Costco Wholesale Corp. stock news by MarketWatch. View real-time stock prices and stock quotes for a full financial overview.

COST Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of COST is the amount or equivalent paid or charged for something : price. How to use cost in a sentence.

COST | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
COST definition: 1. the amount of money needed to buy, do, or make something: 2. the amount of money needed for a…. Learn more.

Cost - definition of cost by The Free Dictionary
cost - value measured by what must be given or done or undergone to obtain something; "the cost in human life was enormous"; "the price of success is hard work"; "what price glory?"

Cost - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms - Vocabulary.com
The cost of something is how much money you need to spend on it. The high cost of a fancy coffee drink might surprise you. A new car costs thousands of dollars, while in some places …

What is a Cost? - Definition | Meaning | Example
Definition: A cost is an expenditure required to produce or sell a product or get an asset ready for normal use. In other words, it’s the amount paid to manufacture a product, purchase inventory, …

Costco Wholesale Corporation (COST) - Yahoo Finance
Find the latest Costco Wholesale Corporation (COST) stock quote, history, news and other vital information to help you with your stock trading and investing.

COST Stock Price | Costco Wholesale Corp. Stock Quote (U.S ...
3 days ago · COST | Complete Costco Wholesale Corp. stock news by MarketWatch. View real-time stock prices and stock quotes for a full financial overview.

COST Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of COST is the amount or equivalent paid or charged for something : price. How to use cost in a sentence.

COST | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
COST definition: 1. the amount of money needed to buy, do, or make something: 2. the amount of money needed for a…. Learn more.

Cost - definition of cost by The Free Dictionary
cost - value measured by what must be given or done or undergone to obtain something; "the cost in human life was enormous"; "the price of success is hard work"; "what price glory?"

Cost - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms - Vocabulary.com
The cost of something is how much money you need to spend on it. The high cost of a fancy coffee drink might surprise you. A new car costs thousands of dollars, while in some places …

What is a Cost? - Definition | Meaning | Example
Definition: A cost is an expenditure required to produce or sell a product or get an asset ready for normal use. In other words, it’s the amount paid to manufacture a product, purchase inventory, …