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| cost benefit analysis in project management: Cost-Benefit Analysis for Development Asian Development Bank, 2013-01-01 The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has been continuously undertaking measures to enhance the effectiveness of its operations. To improve projects both at the preparation and implementation stages, ADB issued the Guidelines for Economic Analysis of Projects in 1997 as a means to enhancing project quality at entry. The conduct of proper economic analysis helps ensure the efficient use of development funds and public resources and thereby increase aid effectiveness. This practical guide is a supplement to the Guidelines for the Economic Analysis of Projects. It provides an overview of recent methodological developments in cost-benefit analysis as well as suggested improvements in the economic analysis of projects in selected sectors through case studies. These case studies illustrate the application of suggested methodologies, taking into account sector-specific needs, as well as difficulties faced by practitioners in terms of data and time constraints during project processing. It also aims to contribute to ADB’s capacity building initiatives as this will be the main reference material for conduct of economic analysis. |
| cost benefit analysis in project management: Benefit-Cost Analysis Harry F. Campbell, Richard P. C. Brown, 2003-05-27 Throughout the text of this introduction to benefit cost analysis, emphasis is on applications, and a worked case study is progressively undertaken as an illustration of the analytical principles in operation. The first part covers basic theory and procedures. Part Two advances to material on internationally tradeable goods and projects that affect market prices, and part Three introduces special topics such as the treatment of risk and uncertainty, income distributional effects and the valuation of non-marketed goods. Instructors' resource web site: http://www.uq.edu.au/economics/bca |
| cost benefit analysis in project management: Decision-making on Mega-projects Hugo Priemus, Bent Flyvbjerg, Bert van Wee, 2008-01-01 It will be useful for those experienced and senior professionals who are charged with authorizing and controlling projects. Recommended. P.F. Rad, Choice Building on the seminal work of Bent Flyvbjerg, this book is a collection of expert contributions that will prove essential to anyone wanting to understand why mega-projects go wrong and how they can be made to work better. Professor Sir Peter Hall, University College London, UK This book offers a refreshing and fascinating look at mega-projects from the perspective of public evaluation and planning. With the changing role of the public sector in planning and implementing large-scale projects and a subsequent strong emergence of private public modes of operation, mega-projects have become a problematic phenomenon. This volume is a major source of information and reference. It provides the reader with unique insights and caveats in mega-projects planning. Peter Nijkamp, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands This book enlarges the understanding of decision-making on mega-projects and suggest recommendations for a more effective, efficient and democratic approach. Authors from different scientific disciplines address various aspects of the decision-making process, such as management characteristics and cost benefit analysis, planning and innovation and competition and institutions. The subject matter is highly diverse, but certain questions remain at the forefront. For example, how do we deal with protracted preparation processes, how do we tackle risks and uncertainties, and how can we best divide the risks and responsibilities among the private and public players throughout the different phases of the project? Presenting a state-of-the-art overview, based on experiences and visions of authors from Europe and North America, this unique book will be of interest to practitioners of large-scale project management, politicians, public officials and private organisations involved in mega-project decision-making. It will also appeal to researchers, consultants and students dealing with substantial engineering projects, complex systems, project management and transport infrastructure. |
| cost benefit analysis in project management: Cost-Benefit Analysis for Project Appraisal Per-Olov Johansson, Bengt Kriström, 2016 This book uses modern economic tools to obtain general equilibrium cost-benefit rules. It not only presents evaluation rules for small projects but also shows how to evaluate large projects as well as mega projects (such as high speed rails and channel tunnels). This is an excellent toolkit for graduate students and policymakers. |
| cost benefit analysis in project management: Cost-Benefit Analysis Euston Quah, Raymond Toh, 2011-10-20 Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is the systematic and analytical process of comparing benefits and costs in evaluating the desirability of a project or programme, often of a social nature and for society as a whole. CBA is fundamental to government decision-making and can be an effective tool for informed decisions on the use of society's scarce resources. This book highlights the main concepts and principles of cost-benefit analysis used in real life cases and actual applications. The book contains rich cases, materials and examples of real life CBA applications with emphasis both on physical and non-physical projects and infrastructure developments in Asia and beyond. The book also discusses techniques frequently used in applied CBA. The first part of the book introduces the key concepts and principles of CBA before Part Two covers some pertinent issues relating to CBA, such as the recent trend of using behavioural economics and frequently used techniques in applied CBA. Finally, in Part Three, case studies are written up to illustrate how CBA is done, and questions for the readers and students to ponder are raised at the end of each chapter. The scope of the case studies is more than just physical infrastructures but will include public sector policies and programmes covering a host of social policies as in health, education, social welfare programmes, and the environment. For each case, there will be illustrations of the key concepts and principles of CBA used. Undertakings analyzed include: the Three Gorges Dam in China the 2008 Beijing Olympics the Costs of Global Warming the Jamuna Bridge in Bangladesh The case studies, many of which have taken or are to take place in developing countries provide a rich background to the principles of the method, and are accompanied by a wealth of explanatory material. As well as being suitable for courses in Cost-Benefit Analysis, Public Finance, Environmental and Health Economics, the book should be of interest to all public policy decision makers and planners. |
| cost benefit analysis in project management: Cost-benefit Analysis Peter G. Sassone, William A. Schaffer, 1978 Textbook on the theory and methodology of cost benefit analysis - covers criteria for decision making, shadow pricing, discount rate, etc. Bibliography pp. 175 to 177, graphs and statistical tables. |
| cost benefit analysis in project management: Economic Analysis of Projects Lyn Squire, Herman G. van der Tak, World Bank, 1975-01-01 Basic notions of cost-benefit analysis; Derivation of shadow prices; Estimation of shadow prices; Technical derivation of shadow prices. |
| cost benefit analysis in project management: Standard Transport Appraisal Methods , 2020-11-04 Standard Transport Appraisal Methods, Volume 6 in the Advances in Transport Policy and Planning series, assesses both successful and unsuccessful practices and policies from around the world. Chapters in this new release include Transport models, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Value of Travel Time Savings and reliability, Value of Statistical Life, Wider economic benefits, Multi-criteria analysis, Best-Worst Method, Participatory Value Evaluation, Ex-post evaluation, Sustainability assessment, Evaluating Transport Equity, Environmental Impact Assessment, Decision-Support Systems, Deliberative appraisal methods, Critique on appraisal methods, Appraisal methods in developing countries, Research agenda for appraisal methods, and much more. - Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors - Presents the latest release in the Advances in Transport Policy and Planning series |
| cost benefit analysis in project management: Basic Cost Benefit Analysis for Assessing Local Public Projects Barry P. Keating, Maryann O. Keating, 2013-11-25 CBA is an attempt to fully account for all costs associated with a new proposal along with a detailed calculation of specific private and public benefits. Properly employed, CBA is simply a method for assessing a proposal prior to a collective decision by calculating net benefits relative to an alternative project or the default option of doing nothing. |
| cost benefit analysis in project management: Introduction to Cost–Benefit Analysis Ginés de Rus, 2021-03-26 This thoroughly updated second edition incorporates key ideas and discussions on issues such as wider economic impacts, the treatment of risk, and the importance of institutional arrangements in ensuring the correct use of technique. Ginés de Rus considers whether public decisions, such as investing in high-speed rail links, privatizing a public enterprise or protecting a natural area, may improve social welfare. |
| cost benefit analysis in project management: Economic Evaluation of Sustainable Development Vinod Thomas, Namrata Chindarkar, 2019-04-16 This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book presents methods to evaluate sustainable development using economic tools. The focus on sustainable development takes the reader beyond economic growth to encompass inclusion, environmental stewardship and good governance. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide a framework for outcomes. In illustrating the SDGs, the book employs three evaluation approaches: impact evaluation, cost-benefit analysis and objectives-based evaluation. The innovation lies in connecting evaluation tools with economics. Inclusion, environmental care and good governance, thought of as “wicked problems”, are given centre stage. The book uses case studies to show the application of evaluation tools. It offers guidance to evaluation practitioners, students of development and policymakers. The basic message is that evaluation comes to life when its links with socio-economic, environmental, and governance policies are capitalized on. |
| cost benefit analysis in project management: Cost-Benefit Analysis for Project Appraisal Per-Olov Johansson, Bengt Kriström, 2015-10-22 Written by two leading experts, this is a compact guide to the key tools and methods necessary to carry out cost-benefit analysis (CBA). The authors use modern economic tools to obtain general equilibrium cost-benefit rules that can be used to evaluate small projects, as well as large and even mega projects. Intertemporal issues like discounting, the shadow price of capital, and the treatment of risk are covered, and a state-of-the-art summary of available methods for the valuation of unpriced commodities is also included. In addition, the book provides detailed expositions of the marginal cost of public goods (MCPF), the marginal excess burden of taxes (MEB), and second-best evaluation rules, and shows how these concepts are interrelated. The importance of undertaking due diligence in evaluations is highlighted. This is an excellent toolkit for graduate students learning about the principles of CBA, and is a useful guide for government officials and policymakers. |
| cost benefit analysis in project management: Cost-Benefit Analysis for Investment Decisions Chun-Yan Kuo, Arnold Harberger, Glenn Jenkins, 2019-01-22 This is textbook for university students and a manual for professionals. It gives an in-depth treatment of the theory and application of Cost-Benefit Analysis, using an integrated approach where the financial, economic, stakeholder and risk analyses are carried out in a single integrated project model. Fully developed case examples are presented for both public and public private partnership investment expenditures. |
| cost benefit analysis in project management: Cost-benefit Analysis and Project Appraisal in Developing Countries Colin H. Kirkpatrick, John Weiss, 1996 This up-to-date survey demonstrates the ways in which cost benefit analysis has developed in response to changes in economic circumstances and conditions over the past three decades. It covers areas including discounting, the effects method and aid trying. |
| cost benefit analysis in project management: Project Risk and Cost Analysis Michael S. Dobson PMP, Deborah Singer Dobson M.Ed., 2011-08-15 Project Risk and Cost Analysis focuses on risk in the context of project management, primarily in the area of risk’s effects on project costs, with emphasis on the many modern tools that help you and your organization quantify and manage project risk. You will learn how to perform a formal risk and cost analysis, apply the Earned Value Method to risk management, and adjust schedule and budget reserves appropriately for your project conditions. The book follows the basic project risk management approach as laid out in A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide), 4th Edition, popularly known as the PMBOK® Guide, along with other sources listed in the bibliography and suggested reading. This is an ebook version of the AMA Self-Study course. If you want to take the course for credit you need to either purchase a hard copy of the course through amaselfstudy.org or purchase an online version of the course through www.flexstudy.com. |
| cost benefit analysis in project management: Cost-benefit Analysis and Water Resources Management Roy Brouwer, David William Pearce, 2005 How are the economic values of water and water quality accounted for in policy and project appraisal? This important book gives an overview of the state-of-the-art in Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) in water resources management throughout Europe and North America, along with an examination of current applications. The distinguished authors highlight problems and challenges encountered in the use of CBA in 15 country-specific case studies. Based on these case studies, the value and limits of CBA in water resources management are assessed and special attention is paid to the institutional and policy context in which CBA is carried out. Cost-Benefit Analysis and Water Resources Management is written for both academics and policymakers interested in the use and usefulness of CBA in water resources management. |
| cost benefit analysis in project management: Cost-benefit Analysis for Developing Countries Robert J. Brent, 1998 Using case studies, economic theory and empirical research, the author of this work analyzes developments in project appraisal using the approach recommended by the World Bank. Considerations include: investment criteria; risk analysis; the social discount rate; and the basic needs approach. |
| cost benefit analysis in project management: Information Systems Project Management Jolyon Hallows, 2005 Plan, Information Systems Project Management helps you successfully deliver your projects on time, on budget, and with desired results. |
| cost benefit analysis in project management: Cost-Benefit Analysis and the Environment Recent Developments OECD, 2006-01-30 An in-depth assessment of the most recent conceptual and methodological developments in cost-benefit analysis and the environment. |
| cost benefit analysis in project management: The Globalization of Cost-Benefit Analysis in Environmental Policy Michael A. Livermore, Richard L. Revesz, 2013-02-21 This book argues in favor of using cost-benefit analysis globally and examines the positive impact it can have in developing countries using relevant case studies. The book discusses the potential for cost-benefit analysis to provoke a global shift toward stronger and more effective economic policies. |
| cost benefit analysis in project management: Enterprise Architecture Planning Steven H. Spewak, Steven C. Hill, 1993 Enterprise Architecture Planning (EAP) is a high-level blueprint for data, applications, and technology that is a cost-effective long-term solution. The authors give you a common-sense approach to EAP, supported by examples of architectures, procedures, checklists, and useful guidelines. |
| cost benefit analysis in project management: Theory and Practice in Policy Analysis M. Granger Morgan, 2017-10-12 Many books instruct readers on how to use the tools of policy analysis. This book is different. Its primary focus is on helping readers to look critically at the strengths, limitations, and the underlying assumptions analysts make when they use standard tools or problem framings. Using examples, many of which involve issues in science and technology, the book exposes readers to some of the critical issues of taste, professional responsibility, ethics, and values that are associated with policy analysis and research. Topics covered include policy problems formulated in terms of utility maximization such as benefit-cost, decision, and multi-attribute analysis, issues in the valuation of intangibles, uncertainty in policy analysis, selected topics in risk analysis and communication, limitations and alternatives to the paradigm of utility maximization, issues in behavioral decision theory, issues related to organizations and multiple agents, and selected topics in policy advice and policy analysis for government. |
| cost benefit analysis in project management: Guidelines for Project Appraisal Arie Kuyvenhoven, L. B. M. Mennes, 1985 |
| cost benefit analysis in project management: Cost-benefit Analysis and Project Appraisal in Developing Countries Colin H. Kirkpatrick, John Weiss, 1996-01-01 The techniques and methods of project appraisal in developing countries have been considerably expanded and refined since they were first introduced in the late 1960s. This up-to-date and authoritative survey volume demonstrates the ways in which cost-benefit analysis has developed in response to changes in economic circumstances and conditions over the past three decades. An international group of academic and professional economists covers areas including problems in the practical application of cost-benefit techniques by international agencies, the treatment of income distribution, discounting, the effects method, the logical framework as a complement to project appraisal, aid tying, risk criteria in decision making, benefit valuation in the water sector, the appraisal of technical assistance projects, privatization in transition economies and shadow pricing in transition economies. Professor Kirkpatrick and Professor Weiss have prepared an insightful overview essay introducing the broad selection of work presented in this volume. |
| cost benefit analysis in project management: The Theory of Cost-benefit Analysis Jean Drèze, 1985 |
| cost benefit analysis in project management: The Cost-Benefit Revolution Cass R. Sunstein, 2019-09-24 Why policies should be based on careful consideration of their costs and benefits rather than on intuition, popular opinion, interest groups, and anecdotes. Opinions on government policies vary widely. Some people feel passionately about the child obesity epidemic and support government regulation of sugary drinks. Others argue that people should be able to eat and drink whatever they like. Some people are alarmed about climate change and favor aggressive government intervention. Others don't feel the need for any sort of climate regulation. In The Cost-Benefit Revolution, Cass Sunstein argues our major disagreements really involve facts, not values. It follows that government policy should not be based on public opinion, intuitions, or pressure from interest groups, but on numbers—meaning careful consideration of costs and benefits. Will a policy save one life, or one thousand lives? Will it impose costs on consumers, and if so, will the costs be high or negligible? Will it hurt workers and small businesses, and, if so, precisely how much? As the Obama administration's “regulatory czar,” Sunstein knows his subject in both theory and practice. Drawing on behavioral economics and his well-known emphasis on “nudging,” he celebrates the cost-benefit revolution in policy making, tracing its defining moments in the Reagan, Clinton, and Obama administrations (and pondering its uncertain future in the Trump administration). He acknowledges that public officials often lack information about costs and benefits, and outlines state-of-the-art techniques for acquiring that information. Policies should make people's lives better. Quantitative cost-benefit analysis, Sunstein argues, is the best available method for making this happen—even if, in the future, new measures of human well-being, also explored in this book, may be better still. |
| cost benefit analysis in project management: Military Cost-Benefit Analysis Francois Melese, Anke Richter, Binyam Solomon, 2015-03-27 This is the first comprehensive book on Military Cost-Benefit Analysis and provides novel approaches to structuring cost-benefit and affordability analysis amidst an uncertain defense environment and cloudy fiscal prospects. Lifting the veil on military Cost-Benefit Analysis, this volume offers several new practical tools designed to guide defense investments (and divestments), combined with a selection of real-world applications. The widespread employment of Cost-Benefit Analysis offers a unique opportunity to transform legacy defense forces into efficient, effective, and accountable 21st century organizations. A synthesis of economics, statistics and decision theory, CBA is currently used in a wide range of defense applications in countries around the world: i) to shape national security strategy, ii) to set acquisition policy, and iii) to inform critical investments in people, equipment, infrastructure, services and supplies. As sovereign debt challenges squeeze national budgets, and emerging threats disrupt traditional notions of security, this volume offers valuable tools to navigate the political landscape, meet calls for fiscal accountability, and boost the effectiveness of defense investments to help guarantee future peace and stability. A valuable resource for scholars, practitioners, novices and experts, this book offers a comprehensive overview of Military Cost-Benefit Analysis and will appeal to anyone interested or involved in improving national security, and will also be of general interest to those responsible for major government programs, projects or policies. |
| cost benefit analysis in project management: Business Analysis For Dummies Kupe Kupersmith, Paul Mulvey, Kate McGoey, 2013-07-01 Your go-to guide on business analysis Business analysis refers to the set of tasks and activities that help companies determine their objectives for meeting certain opportunities or addressing challenges and then help them define solutions to meet those objectives. Those engaged in business analysis are charged with identifying the activities that enable the company to define the business problem or opportunity, define what the solutions looks like, and define how it should behave in the end. As a BA, you lay out the plans for the process ahead. Business Analysis For Dummies is the go to reference on how to make the complex topic of business analysis easy to understand. Whether you are new or have experience with business analysis, this book gives you the tools, techniques, tips and tricks to set your project’s expectations and on the path to success. Offers guidance on how to make an impact in your organization by performing business analysis Shows you the tools and techniques to be an effective business analysis professional Provides a number of examples on how to perform business analysis regardless of your role If you're interested in learning about the tools and techniques used by successful business analysis professionals, Business Analysis For Dummies has you covered. |
| cost benefit analysis in project management: The Social Appraisal of Projects David William Pearce, Chris Nash, 1981 |
| cost benefit analysis in project management: Project Management K. Nagarajan, 2004 The Book Is Primarily Intended To Serve As A Textbook For Undergraduate As Well As Postgraduate Students Of Management Studies. The Book Covers The Syllabus Prescribed By Most Universities/Institutes In India On The Subject Project Management . The Book Will Also Be Of Use To Commerce Students And For Students Of Professional Courses Like Aicwa, Aca And Cfa.All Aspects Of Projects, Viz., Project Identification, Project Appraisal, Project Planning And Scheduling, Project Implementation, Project Evaluation And Post Audit Of Projects Have Been Covered. The Book Also Touches Upon Finer And Practical Aspects Of Project Analysis And Implementation Which Will Be Of Great Use To Entrepreneurs.The Subject Matter Has Been Presented In A Simple And Lucid Form. Project Scheduling Techniques Have Been Explained In Detail With The Aid Of Graded Examples To Bring Home The Concepts Clearly. Though The Book Is Mainly Addressed To Students, It Will Be Equally Useful To Project Appraisers, Project Managers And Entrepreneurs As Well. |
| cost benefit analysis in project management: Economic Analysis Primer , 2003 This primer provides a foundation for understanding the role of economic analysis in highway decision making. It is oriented toward state and local officials who have responsibility for assuring that limited resources get targeted to their best uses and who must publicly account for their decisions. Economic analysis is presented as an integral component of a comprehensive infrastructure management methodology that takes a long-term view of infrastructure performance and cost. The primer encompasses a full range of economic issues, including economic fundamentals, life-cycle cost analysis, benefit-cost analysis, forecasting traffic for benefit calculations, risk analysis and economic impact analysis. |
| cost benefit analysis in project management: Applied Health Economics for Public Health Practice and Research Rhiannon Tudor Edwards, Emma McIntosh, 2019-03-14 In today's world of scare resources, determining the optimal allocation of funds to preventive health care interventions (PHIs) is a challenge. The upfront investments needed must be viewed as long term projects, the benefits of which we will experience in the future. The long term positive change to PHIs from economic investment can be seen across multiple sectors such as health care, education, employment and beyond. Applied Health Economics for Public Health Practice and Research is the fifth in the series of Handbooks in Health Economic Evaluation. It presents new research on health economics methodology and application to the evaluation of public health interventions. Looking at traditional as well as novel methods of economic evaluation, the book covers the history of economics of public health and the economic rationale for government investment in prevention. In addition, it looks at principles of health economics, evidence synthesis, key methods of economic evaluation with accompanying case studies, and much more. Looking to the future, Applied Health Economics for Public Health Practice and Research presents priorities for research in the field of public health economics. It acknowledges the role played by natural environment in promoting better health, and the place of genetics, environment and socioeconomic status in determining population health. Ideal for health economists, public health researchers, local government workers, health care professionals, and those responsible for health policy development. Applied Health Economics for Public Health Practice and Research is an important contribution to the economic discussion of public health and resource allocation. |
| cost benefit analysis in project management: The Oxford Handbook of Well-Being and Public Policy Matthew D. Adler, Marc Fleurbaey, 2016-04-21 What are the methodologies for assessing and improving governmental policy in light of well-being? The Oxford Handbook of Well-Being and Public Policy provides a comprehensive, interdisciplinary treatment of this topic. The contributors draw from welfare economics, moral philosophy, and psychology and are leading scholars in these fields. The Handbook includes thirty chapters divided into four Parts. Part I covers the full range of methodologies for evaluating governmental policy and assessing societal condition-including both the leading approaches in current use by policymakers and academics (such as GDP, cost-benefit analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, inequality and poverty metrics, and the concept of the social welfare function), and emerging techniques. Part II focuses on the nature of well-being. What, most fundamentally, determines whether an individual life is better or worse for the person living it? Her happiness? Her preference-satisfaction? Her attainment of various objective goods? Part III addresses the measurement of well-being and the thorny topic of interpersonal comparisons. How can we construct a meaningful scale of individual welfare, which allows for comparisons of well-being levels and differences, both within one individual's life, and across lives? Finally, Part IV reviews the major challenges to designing governmental policy around individual well-being. |
| cost benefit analysis in project management: Software Quality Martin Wieczorek, Dirk Meyerhoff, 2011-06-28 1. 1 The Pressure on Information Technology (IT) In today's environment, the ability to react quickly to change by reducing the devel opment life cycle in order to be first to market will give a company an important com petitive edge. -James Martin The market conditions of the 21 st century put business under continual pressure. The most successful companies are those who are able to reduce their time to market, to launch initiatives before their competitors, to respond very rapidly to opportunities in the marketplace or to change direction in response to a move by the competition or a change in circumstances. All of these business initiatives rely on support from Infor mation Technology (IT). For a business to launch a new product in three months time, the supporting IT processes must be available and working in that three month time frame. In this fast moving environment, late IT delivery is not acceptable and may pose a major risk to the business. The marketplace of 21 st century business measures timescales in months, whereas in the past, timescales of two to three years were more typical. Internet related and e business projects frequently require even tighter timescales, measured in days rather than months. This need for speed puts tremendous pressure on IT departments. Pressure does not just come from the need for speed. There is also an ever-increasing rate of change within business. |
| cost benefit analysis in project management: Economic Analysis of Investment Operations Pedro Belli, 2001-01-01 This books presents general principles and methodologies of quantitative risk analysis; provides theory and practice of how to evaluate health, transport and education projects and describes how to assess the environmental impact of projects. It looks at how the tools of cost benefit analysis can be applied from the point of view of the private sector, public sector, bankers, and the country as a whole. It encourages analysts to answer a number of key questions that are likely to increase success rather than simply describing techniques. This book as aimed at all concerned with resource allocation and is presented in an accessible fashion. It is required reading at World bank Institute courses. |
| cost benefit analysis in project management: Social Appraisal Of Projects Text In Cost-Benefit Analysis Pearce D W, 1981 |
| cost benefit analysis in project management: Economic and Environmental Principles and Guidelines for Water and Related Land Resources Implementation Studies , 1983 |
| cost benefit analysis in project management: The Pig Book Citizens Against Government Waste, 2013-09-17 The federal government wastes your tax dollars worse than a drunken sailor on shore leave. The 1984 Grace Commission uncovered that the Department of Defense spent $640 for a toilet seat and $436 for a hammer. Twenty years later things weren't much better. In 2004, Congress spent a record-breaking $22.9 billion dollars of your money on 10,656 of their pork-barrel projects. The war on terror has a lot to do with the record $413 billion in deficit spending, but it's also the result of pork over the last 18 years the likes of: - $50 million for an indoor rain forest in Iowa - $102 million to study screwworms which were long ago eradicated from American soil - $273,000 to combat goth culture in Missouri - $2.2 million to renovate the North Pole (Lucky for Santa!) - $50,000 for a tattoo removal program in California - $1 million for ornamental fish research Funny in some instances and jaw-droppingly stupid and wasteful in others, The Pig Book proves one thing about Capitol Hill: pork is king! |
| cost benefit analysis in project management: Project Benefits Management: Linking projects to the Business Trish Melton, Jim Yates, Peter Iles-Smith, 2011-04-08 Successful projects are the basis for the business many successful organisations, but many professionals lack the basic skills required to manage projects successfully. This book shows how to maximise the outcomes of projects and to ensure that the benefits arising from projects -- large or small -- are fully realized by the business. This key outcome can be easily overlooked or sidelined by the need to keep projects on track. Visually lead, to the point, with case studies and best practice guidelines throughout, the hard-won real world experience found in this book makes it a powerful PM resource for anyone involved in project management. - Links project management to business goals for career project managers and those involved with project intermittently - Focuses on the needs of engineering, industrial and process projects |
| cost benefit analysis in project management: Cost-Benefit Analysis Richard Layard, Stephen Glaister, 1994-06-30 Covering all the main problems that arise in a typical cost-benefit exercise, this second edition reflects the most recent research in the area. It considers the main theoretical issues, the problem of ascribing a monetary value to things and includes six separate case studies. |
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The meaning of COST is the amount or equivalent paid or charged for something : price. How to use cost in a sentence.
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The cost of something is how much money you need to spend on it. The high cost of a fancy coffee drink might surprise you. A new car costs thousands of dollars, while in some places …
What is a Cost? - Definition | Meaning | Example
Definition: A cost is an expenditure required to produce or sell a product or get an asset ready for normal use. In other words, it’s the amount paid to manufacture a product, purchase inventory, …
