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| carbon life cycle analysis: Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams Utilization National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology, Committee on Developing a Research Agenda for Utilization of Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams, 2019-02-22 In the quest to mitigate the buildup of greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere, researchers and policymakers have increasingly turned their attention to techniques for capturing greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane, either from the locations where they are emitted or directly from the atmosphere. Once captured, these gases can be stored or put to use. While both carbon storage and carbon utilization have costs, utilization offers the opportunity to recover some of the cost and even generate economic value. While current carbon utilization projects operate at a relatively small scale, some estimates suggest the market for waste carbon-derived products could grow to hundreds of billions of dollars within a few decades, utilizing several thousand teragrams of waste carbon gases per year. Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams Utilization: Status and Research Needs assesses research and development needs relevant to understanding and improving the commercial viability of waste carbon utilization technologies and defines a research agenda to address key challenges. The report is intended to help inform decision making surrounding the development and deployment of waste carbon utilization technologies under a variety of circumstances, whether motivated by a goal to improve processes for making carbon-based products, to generate revenue, or to achieve environmental goals. |
| carbon life cycle analysis: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Environmental and Energy Systems Fabrizio Passarini, Luca Ciacci, 2021-04-01 The transition towards renewable energy sources and “green” technologies for energy generation and storage is expected to mitigate the climate emergency in the coming years. However, in many cases, this progress has been hampered by our dependency on critical materials or other resources that are often processed at high environmental burdens. Yet, many studies have shown that environmental and energy issues are strictly interconnected and require a comprehensive understanding of resource management strategies and their implications. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is among the most inclusive analytical techniques to analyze sustainability benefits and trade-offs within complex systems and, in this Special Issue, it is applied to assess the mutual influences of environmental and energy dimensions. The selection of original articles, reviews, and case studies addressed covers some of the main driving applications for energy requirements and greenhouse gas emissions, including power generation, bioenergy, biorefinery, building, and transportation. An insightful perspective on the current topics and technologies, and emerging research needs, is provided. Alone or in combination with integrative methodologies, LCA can be of pivotal importance and constitute the scientific foundation on which a full system understanding can be reached. |
| carbon life cycle analysis: Annual Report United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1983 |
| carbon life cycle analysis: Life Cycle Assessment Ralph Horne, Tim Grant, Karli Verghese, 2009 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has developed in Australia over the past 16 years in a fragmented way with many different people and organizations contributing to the area at different times, and largely through informal or unpublished work. This publication will legitimize and document LCA research and methodology development to act as a record of what has happened and a basis for future development and application of the tool. The Centre for Design at RMIT has been a leading research center in Australia through its work on data collection, methodology development and contribution to knowledge through undertaking LCA studies for leading companies and government departments ranging from products, packaging, buildings, water management and waste management. This work, in addition to key work undertaken by other researchers, will be presented. The book will become a bridge between LCA implementation and life cycle management (LCM) and provide discussion on how LCA development will be in the future and how it integrates with available software tools. |
| carbon life cycle analysis: LCA Based Carbon Footprint Assessment Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu, 2021-01-15 This book discusses the concepts, methods and case studies pertaining to Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) based Carbon Footprint Assessment. It covers chapters on Carbon Footprint Assessment with LCA methodology & case studies on carbon footprint calculation following the LCA approach on power plants in India, Impacts of Vehicle Incidents On CO2 Emissions and school buildings in India. |
| carbon life cycle analysis: Special Types of Life Cycle Assessment Matthias Finkbeiner, 2016-07-27 This book presents specialised methods and tools built on classical LCA. In the first book-length overview, their importance for the further growth and application of LCA is demonstrated for some of the most prominent species of this emerging trend: Carbon footprinting; Water footprinting; Eco-efficiency assessment; Resource efficiency assessment; Input-output and hybrid LCA; Material flow analysis; Organizational LCA. Carbon footprinting was a huge driver for the market expansion of simplified LCA. The discussions led to an ample proliferation of different guidelines and standards including ISO/TS 14067 on Carbon Footprint of Product. Atsushi Inaba (Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan) and his eight co-authors provide an up-to-date status of Carbon Footprint of Products. The increasing relevance of Water Footprinting and the diverse methods were the drivers to develop the ISO 14046 as international water footprint standard. Markus Berger (Technische Universität Berlin, Germany), Stephan Pfister (ETH Zurich, Switzerland) and Masaharu Motoshita (Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan) present a status of water resources and demands from a global and regional perspective. A core part is the discussion and comparison of the different water footprint methods, databases and tools. Peter Saling from BASF SE in Ludwigshafen, Germany, broadens the perspective towards Eco-efficiency Assessment. He describes the BASF-specific type of eco-efficiency analysis plus adaptions like the so-called SEEBALANCE and AgBalance applications. Laura Schneider, Vanessa Bach and Matthias Finkbeiner (Technische Universität Berlin, Germany) address multi-dimensional LCA perspectives in the form of Resource Efficiency Assessment. Research needs and proposed methodological developments for abiotic resource efficiency assessment, and especially for the less developed area of biotic resources, are discussed.The fundamentals ofInput-output and Hybrid LCA are covered by Shinichiro Nakamura (Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan) and Keisuke Nansai (National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan). The concepts of environmentally extended IO, different types of hybrid IO-LCA and the waste model are introduced. David Laner and Helmut Rechberger (Vienna University of Technology, Austria) present the basic terms and procedures of Material Flow Analysismethodology. The combination of MFA and LCA is discussed as a promising approach for environmental decision support. Julia Martínez-Blanco (Technische Universität Berlin, Germany; now at Inèdit, Barcelona, Spain), Atsushi Inaba (Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan) and Matthias Finkbeiner (Technische Universität Berlin, Germany) introduce a recent development which could develop a new trend, namely the LCA of Organizations. |
| carbon life cycle analysis: Life Cycle Assessment Kun-Mo Lee, 2004 |
| carbon life cycle analysis: Biochar Viktor J. Bruckman, 2016-11-24 This state-of-the-art compendium, combining theory with practical examples, looks at the entire biochar supply chain. |
| carbon life cycle analysis: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Walter Klöpffer, Birgit Grahl, 2014-04-21 This first hands-on guide to ISO-compliant Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) makes this powerful tool immediately accessible to both professionals and students. Following a general introduction on the philosophy and purpose of LCA, the reader is taken through all the stages of a complete LCA analysis, with each step exemplified by real-life data from a major LCA project on beverage packaging. Measures as carbon and water footprint, based on the most recent international standards and definitions, are addressed. Written by two pioneers of LCA, this practical volume is targeted at first-time LCA users but equally makes a much-valued reference for more experienced practitioners. From the content: * Goal and Scope Definition * Life Cycle Inventory Analysis * Life Cycle Impact Assessment * Interpretation, Reporting and Critical Review * From LCA to Sustainability Assessment and more. |
| carbon life cycle analysis: Life Cycle Assessment Michael Z. Hauschild, Ralph K. Rosenbaum, Stig Irving Olsen, 2017-09-01 This book is a uniquely pedagogical while still comprehensive state-of-the-art description of LCA-methodology and its broad range of applications. The five parts of the book conveniently provide: I) the history and context of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) with its central role as quantitative and scientifically-based tool supporting society’s transitioning towards a sustainable economy; II) all there is to know about LCA methodology illustrated by a red-thread example which evolves as the reader advances; III) a wealth of information on a broad range of LCA applications with dedicated chapters on policy development, prospective LCA, life cycle management, waste, energy, construction and building, nanotechnology, agrifood, transport, and LCA-related concepts such as footprinting, ecolabelling,design for environment, and cradle to cradle. IV) A cookbook giving the reader recipes for all the concrete actions needed to perform an LCA. V) An appendix with an LCA report template, a full example LCA report serving as inspiration for students who write their first LCA report, and a more detailed overview of existing LCIA methods and their similarities and differences. |
| carbon life cycle analysis: Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu, 2021-09-21 Environmental Life Cycle Assessment (ELCA) that was developed about three decades ago demands a broadening of its scope to include lifecycle costing and social aspects of life cycle assessment as well, drawing on the three-pillar or ‘triple bottom line’ model of sustainability, which is the result of the development of the Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA). LCSA refers to the evaluation of all environmental, social and economic negative impacts and benefits in decision-making processes towards more sustainable products throughout their life cycle. Combination of environmental and social life cycle assessments along with life cycle costing leads to life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA). This book highlights various aspects of life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA). |
| carbon life cycle analysis: Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Goods and Services Chris T. Hendrickson, Lester B. Lave, H. Scott Matthews, 2010-09-30 Environmental life cycle assessment is often thought of as cradle to grave and therefore as the most complete accounting of the environmental costs and benefits of a product or service. However, as anyone who has done an environmental life cycle assessment knows, existing tools have many problems: data is difficult to assemble and life cycle studies take months of effort. A truly comprehensive analysis is prohibitive, so analysts are often forced to simply ignore many facets of life cycle impacts. But the focus on one aspect of a product or service can result in misleading indications if that aspect is benign while other aspects pollute or are otherwise unsustainable. This book summarizes the EIO-LCA method, explains its use in relation to other life cycle assessment models, and provides sample applications and extensions of the model into novel areas. A final chapter explains the free, easy-to-use software tool available on a companion website. (www.eiolca.net) The software tool provides a wealth of data, summarizing the current U.S. economy in 500 sectors with information on energy and materials use, pollution and greenhouse gas discharges, and other attributes like associated occupational deaths and injuries. The joint project of twelve faculty members and over 20 students working together over the past ten years at the Green Design Institute of Carnegie Mellon University, the EIO-LCA has been applied to a wide range of products and services. It will prove useful for research, industry, and in economics, engineering, or interdisciplinary classes in green design. |
| carbon life cycle analysis: Life Cycle Assessment Kathrina Simonen, 2014-04-16 Life Cycle Assessment addresses the dynamic and dialectic of building and ecology, presenting the key theories and techniques surrounding the use of life cycle assessment data and methods. Architects and construction professionals must assume greater responsibility in helping building owners to understand the implications of making material, manufacturing, and assemblage decisions and therefore design to accommodate more ecological building. Life Cycle Assessment is a guide for architects, engineers, and builders, presenting the principles and art of performing life cycle impact assessments of materials and whole buildings, including the need to define meaningful goals and objectives and critically evaluate analysis assumptions. As part of the PocketArchitecture Series, the book includes both fundamentals and advanced topics. The book is primarily focused on arming the design and construction professional with the tools necessary to make design decisions regarding life cycle, reuse, and sustainability. As such, the book is a practical text on the concepts and applications of life cycle techniques and environmental impact evaluation in architecture and is presented in language and depth appropriate for building industry professionals. |
| carbon life cycle analysis: Solid Waste Management and Greenhouse Gases Barry Leonard, 2003-06 In the 21st century, management of municipal solid waste (MSW) continues to be an important environmental challenge facing the U.S. Climate change is also a serious issue, & the U.S. is embarking on a number of voluntary actions to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) that can intensify climate change. By presenting material-specific GHG emission factors for various waste management options, this report examines how the two issues -- MSW management & climate change -- are related. The report's findings may be used to support a variety of programs & activities, including voluntary reporting of emission reductions from waste management practices. Charts, tables & graphs. |
| carbon life cycle analysis: Environmental Life Cycle Assessment Olivier Jolliet, Myriam Saade-Sbeih, Shanna Shaked, Alexandre Jolliet, Pierre Crettaz, 2015-11-18 Environmental Life Cycle Assessment is a pivotal guide to identifying environmental problems and reducing related impacts for companies and organizations in need of life cycle assessment (LCA). LCA, a unique sustainability tool, provides a framework that addresses a growing demand for practical technological solutions. Detailing each phase of the LCA methodology, this textbook covers the historical development of LCA, presents the general principles and characteristics of LCA, and outlines the corresponding standards for good practice determined by the International Organization for Standardization. It also explains how to identify the critical aspects of an LCA, provides detailed examples of LCA analysis and applications, and includes illustrated problems and solutions with concrete examples from water management, electronics, packaging, automotive, and other industries. In addition, readers will learn how to: Use consistent criteria to realize and evaluate an LCA independently of individual interests Understand the LCA methodology and become familiar with existing databases and methods based on the latest results of international research Analyze and critique a completed LCA Apply LCA methodology to simple case studies Geared toward graduate and undergraduate students studying environmental science and industrial ecology, as well as practicing environmental engineers, and sustainability professionals who want to teach themselves LCA good practices, Environmental Life Cycle Assessment demonstrates how to conduct environmental assessments for products throughout their life cycles. It presents existing methods and recent developments in the growing field of LCA and systematically covers goal and system definition, life cycle inventory, life cycle impact assessment, and interpretation. |
| carbon life cycle analysis: High-Performance and Specialty Fibers Japan The Society of Fiber Science and Techno, 2016-08-16 This book reviews the key technologies and characteristics of the modern man-made specialty fibers mainly developed in Japan. Since the production of many low-cost man-made fibers shifted to China and other Asian countries, Japanese companies have focused on production of high-quality, high-performance super fibers as well as highly functionalized fibers so-called ‘Shin-gosen’. ZylonTM and DyneemaTM manufactured by Toyobo, TechnoraTM produced by Teijin, and VectranTM developed by Kuraray are those examples of super fibers. Carbon fibers ToraycaTM from Toray have occupied the most advanced high-performance application area. Various types of polyester fibers having design-shaped cross-sections and special fiber morphologies and those showing specific physico-chemical properties have also been developed to acquire a high-value textile market of the world. This book describes how these high-tech fibers have been developed and what aspects are the most important in each fiber based on its structure-property relationship. Famous specialists both in industry and academia are responsible for the contents, explaining the design concepts and the special technologies for the production of these special fibers. For university teachers and students, this volume is an excellent textbook that elucidates the basic concepts of modern fibers. At the same time, researchers, both in academia and industry, will find a comprehensive overview of recent man-made fibers. This publication, presenting the most easily understandable general survey of specialty man-made fibers to date, is dedicated to the 70th-anniversary of the Society of Fiber Science and Technology, Japan. |
| carbon life cycle analysis: Life Cycle Assessment Aiduan Borrion, Mairi J Black, Onesmus Mwabonje, 2021-03-19 Life cycle assessment (LCA) is an established methodology used to quantify the environmental impacts of products, processes and services. Circular economy (CE) thinking is conceptual way of considering the impacts of consuming resources. By taking a closed loop approach, CE provides a framework for influencing behaviours and practices to minimise this impact. Development of the circular economy is a crucial component in the progression towards future sustainability. This book provides a robust systematic approach to the circular economy concept, using the established methodology of LCA. Including chapters on circular economic thinking, the use of LCA as a metric and linking LCA to the wider circular economy, this book utilises case studies to illustrate the approaches to LCA. With contributions from researchers worldwide, Life Cycle Assessment provides a practical, global guide for those who wish to use LCA as a research tool or to inform policy, process, and product improvement. |
| carbon life cycle analysis: Green Energy Choices United Nations Publications, 2016 This report presents the first in-depth international comparative assessment of the environmental and resource impacts of different energy technologies, modelled over the whole life cycle of each technology, from cradle to grave. |
| carbon life cycle analysis: Handbook of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Textiles and Clothing Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu, 2015-07-25 Life cycle assessment (LCA) is used to evaluate the environmental impacts of textile products, from raw material extraction, through fibre processing, textile manufacture, distribution and use, to disposal or recycling. LCA is an important tool for the research and development process, product and process design, and labelling of textiles and clothing. Handbook of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Textiles and Clothing systematically covers the LCA process with comprehensive examples and case studies. Part one of the book covers key indicators and processes in LCA, from carbon and ecological footprints to disposal, re-use and recycling. Part two then discusses a broad range of LCA applications in the textiles and clothing industry. - Covers the LCA process and its key indicators, including carbon and ecological footprints, disposal, re-use and recycling - Examines the key developments of LCA in the textile and clothing industries - Provides a wide range of case studies and examples of LCA applications in the textile and clothing industries |
| carbon life cycle analysis: Life Cycle Impact Assessment Michael Z. Hauschild, Mark A.J. Huijbregts, 2015-03-24 This book offers a detailed presentation of the principles and practice of life cycle impact assessment. As a volume of the LCA compendium, the book is structured according to the LCIA framework developed by the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO)passing through the phases of definition or selection of impact categories, category indicators and characterisation models (Classification): calculation of category indicator results (Characterisation); calculating the magnitude of category indicator results relative to reference information (Normalisation); and converting indicator results of different impact categories by using numerical factors based on value-choices (Weighting). Chapter one offers a historical overview of the development of life cycle impact assessment and presents the boundary conditions and the general principles and constraints of characterisation modelling in LCA. The second chapter outlines the considerations underlying the selection of impact categories and the classification or assignment of inventory flows into these categories. Chapters three through thirteen exploreall the impact categories that are commonly included in LCIA, discussing the characteristics of each followed by a review of midpoint and endpoint characterisation methods, metrics, uncertainties and new developments, and a discussion of research needs. Chapter-length treatment is accorded to Climate Change; Stratospheric Ozone Depletion; Human Toxicity; Particulate Matter Formation; Photochemical Ozone Formation; Ecotoxicity; Acidification; Eutrophication; Land Use; Water Use; and Abiotic Resource Use. The final two chapters map out the optional LCIA steps of Normalisation and Weighting. |
| carbon life cycle analysis: Towards a Sustainable Future - Life Cycle Management Zbigniew Stanislaw Klos, Joanna Kalkowska, Jędrzej Kasprzak, 2021-10-26 This open access book includes a selection of contributions from the Life Cycle Management 2019 Conference (LCM) held in Poznań, Poland, and presents different examples of scientific and practical contributions, showing an incorporation of life cycle approach into the decision processes on strategic and operational level. Special attention is drawn to applications of LCM to target, organize, analyze and manage product-related information and activities towards continuous improvement, along the different products life cycle. The selection of case studies presents LCM as a business management approach that can be used by all types of businesses and organizations in order to improve their sustainability performance. This book provides a cross-sectoral, current picture of LCM issues. The structure of the book is based on five-theme lines. The themes represent different objects that are focused on sustainability and LCM practices mainly related to: products, technologies, organizations, markets and policy issues as well as methodological solutions. The book brings together presentations from the world of science and the world of enterprises as well as institutions supporting economic development. |
| carbon life cycle analysis: Sustainable Development of Algal Biofuels in the United States National Research Council, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, Board on Energy and Environmental Systems, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources, Committee on the Sustainable Development of Algal Biofuels, 2013-01-18 Biofuels made from algae are gaining attention as a domestic source of renewable fuel. However, with current technologies, scaling up production of algal biofuels to meet even 5 percent of U.S. transportation fuel needs could create unsustainable demands for energy, water, and nutrient resources. Continued research and development could yield innovations to address these challenges, but determining if algal biofuel is a viable fuel alternative will involve comparing the environmental, economic and social impacts of algal biofuel production and use to those associated with petroleum-based fuels and other fuel sources. Sustainable Development of Algal Biofuels was produced at the request of the U.S. Department of Energy. |
| carbon life cycle analysis: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Allan Astrup Jensen, 1998 Life Cycle Assessment |
| carbon life cycle analysis: Life Cycle Assessment of Energy Systems Guillermo San Miguel, Sergio Alvarez, 2021-04-14 This Special Issue on “LCA of Energy Systems” contains inspiring contributions on assessing the sustainability of novel technologies destined to shape the future of our energy sector. These include battery-based and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, geothermal energy, hydropower, biomass gasification, national electricity systems, and waste incineration. The analysis of trends and singularities will be invaluable to product designers, engineers, and policy makers. Furthermore, these exercises also contribute to refining the life cycle framework and harmonizing methodological decisions. Our hope is that this should be a step toward promoting the use of science and knowledge to shape a better world for everyone. |
| carbon life cycle analysis: Green Energy to Sustainability: Strategies for Global Industries Alain A. Vertes, Nasib Qureshi, Hans P. Blaschek, Hideaki Yukawa, 2020-06-10 Reviews the latest advances in biofuel manufacturing technologies and discusses the deployment of other renewable energy for transportation Aimed at providing an interface useful to business and scientific managers, this book focuses on the key challenges that still impede the realization of the billion-ton renewable fuels vision. It places great emphasis on a global view of the topic, reviewing deployment and green energy technology in different countries across Africa, Asia, South America, the EU, and the USA. It also integrates scientific, technological, and business development perspectives to highlight the key developments that are necessary for the global replacement of fossil fuels with green energy solutions. Green Energy to Sustainability: Strategies for Global Industries examines the most recent developments in biofuel manufacturing technologies in light of business, financial, value chain, and supply chain concerns. It also covers the use of other renewable energy sources like solar energy for transportation and proposes a view of the challenges over the next two to five decades, and how these will deeply modify the industrial world in the third millennium. The coming of age of electric vehicles is also looked at, as is the impact of their deployment on the biomass to biofuels value chain. Offers extensive updates on the field of green energy for global industries Covers the structure of the energy business; chemicals and diesel from biomass; ethanol and butanol; hydrogen and methane; and more Provides an expanded focus on the next generation of energy technologies Reviews the latest advances in biofuel manufacturing technologies Integrates scientific, technological and business perspectives Highlights important developments needed for replacing fossil fuels with green energy Green Energy to Sustainability: Strategies for Global Industries will appeal to academic researchers working on the production of fuels from renewable feedstocks and those working in green and sustainable chemistry, and chemical/process engineering. It is also an excellent textbook for courses in bioprocessing technology, renewable resources, green energy, and sustainable chemistry. |
| carbon life cycle analysis: Life Cycle Assessment in the Built Environment Robert Crawford, 2011-03-10 Life cycle assessment enables the identification of a broad range of potential environmental impacts occurring across the entire life of a product, from its design through to its eventual disposal or reuse. The need for life cycle assessment to inform environmental design within the built environment is critical, due to the complex range of materials and processes required to construct and manage our buildings and infrastructure systems. After outlining the framework for life cycle assessment, this book uses a range of case studies to demonstrate the innovative input-output-based hybrid approach for compiling a life cycle inventory. This approach enables a comprehensive analysis of a broad range of resource requirements and environmental outputs so that the potential environmental impacts of a building or infrastructure system can be ascertained. These case studies cover a range of elements that are part of the built environment, including a residential building, a commercial office building and a wind turbine, as well as individual building components such as a residential-scale photovoltaic system. Comprehensively introducing and demonstrating the uses and benefits of life cycle assessment for built environment projects, this book will show you how to assess the environmental performance of your clients’ projects, to compare design options across their entire life and to identify opportunities for improving environmental performance. |
| carbon life cycle analysis: Goal and Scope Definition in Life Cycle Assessment Mary Ann Curran, 2016-09-22 This book describes the importance of the goal and scope phase for the entire LCA study. In this first phase of the LCA framework (ISO standardized), the purpose of the assessment is defined and decisions are made about the details of the industrial system being studied and how the study will be conducted. Selecting impact categories, category indicators, characterization models, and peer review is decided during goal and scope definition. The book provides practical guidance and an overview of LCIA methods available in LCA software. Although not specified in the ISO standards, Attributional LCA and Consequential LCA are presented in order to appropriately determine the goal and scope of an assessment. The book closes with the interconnection between goal and scope definition and the interpretation phase. Example goal and scope documents for attributional and consequential LCAs are provided in the annexes. |
| carbon life cycle analysis: How Bad Are Bananas? Mike Berners-Lee, 2020-09-03 'It is terrific. I can't remember the last time I read a book that was more fascinating and useful and enjoyable all at the same time.' Bill Bryson How Bad Are Bananas? was a groundbreaking book when first published in 2009, when most of us were hearing the phrase 'carbon footprint' for the first time. Mike Berners-Lee set out to inform us what was important (aviation, heating, swimming pools) and what made very little difference (bananas, naturally packaged, are good!). This new edition updates all the figures (from data centres to hosting a World Cup) and introduces many areas that have become a regular part of modern life - Twitter, the Cloud, Bitcoin, electric bikes and cars, even space tourism. Berners-Lee runs a considered eye over each area and gives us the figures to manage and reduce our own carbon footprint, as well as to lobby our companies, businesses and government. His findings, presented in clear and even entertaining prose, are often surprising. And they are essential if we are to address climate change. |
| carbon life cycle analysis: Life Cycle Analysis and Assessment in Civil Engineering: Towards an Integrated Vision Robby Caspeele, Luc Taerwe, Dan M. Frangopol, 2018-10-15 This volume contains the papers presented at IALCCE2018, the Sixth International Symposium on Life-Cycle Civil Engineering (IALCCE2018), held in Ghent, Belgium, October 28-31, 2018. It consists of a book of extended abstracts and a USB device with full papers including the Fazlur R. Khan lecture, 8 keynote lectures, and 390 technical papers from all over the world. Contributions relate to design, inspection, assessment, maintenance or optimization in the framework of life-cycle analysis of civil engineering structures and infrastructure systems. Life-cycle aspects that are developed and discussed range from structural safety and durability to sustainability, serviceability, robustness and resilience. Applications relate to buildings, bridges and viaducts, highways and runways, tunnels and underground structures, off-shore and marine structures, dams and hydraulic structures, prefabricated design, infrastructure systems, etc. During the IALCCE2018 conference a particular focus is put on the cross-fertilization between different sub-areas of expertise and the development of an overall vision for life-cycle analysis in civil engineering. The aim of the editors is to provide a valuable source of cutting edge information for anyone interested in life-cycle analysis and assessment in civil engineering, including researchers, practising engineers, consultants, contractors, decision makers and representatives from local authorities. |
| carbon life cycle analysis: Progress in Life Cycle Assessment 2019 Stefan Albrecht, Matthias Fischer, Philip Leistner, Liselotte Schebek, 2020-09-21 This book covers the latest developments in life cycle assessment LCA both in terms of methodology and its application in various research areas. It includes methodological questions as well as case studies concerning energy and mobility, materials and engineering, sustainable construction and future technologies. With numerous research articles from leading German and Austrian research institutes, the book is a valuable source for professionals working in the field of sustainability assessment, researchers interested in the current state of LCA research, and advanced university students in various scientific and technical fields. Chapter “Life Cycle Assessment of a Hydrogen and Fuel Cell RoPax Ferry Prototype” is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com. |
| carbon life cycle analysis: Whole Building Life Cycle Assessment Wblca Guide Special Project Working Group, 2018-08-31 This report serves as a guide for the project team to define and model the structural system within the reference building design as required by green building standards and rating systems. |
| carbon life cycle analysis: Sustainability Assessment at the 21st century María José Bastante-Ceca, Jose Luis Fuentes-Bargues, Levente Hufnagel, Florin-Constantin Mihai, Corneliu Iatu, 2020-02-12 The sustainability of the human society is endangered by the global human-ecological crisis, which consists of many global problems that are closely related to each other. In this phenomenon, the global population explosion has a central role, because more people have a larger ecological footprint, a larger consumption, more intensive pollution, and a larger emission of carbon dioxide through their activities.This book presents the current state of sustainability and intends to provide the reader with a critical perspective of how the 21st century societies must change their development model facing the new challenges (internet of things, industry 4.0, smart cities, circular economy, sustainable agriculture, etc.), in order to achieve a more liveable world. |
| carbon life cycle analysis: Exergy Analysis and Thermoeconomics of Buildings Jose M Sala-Lizarraga, Ana Picallo-Perez, 2019-10-01 Quantifying exergy losses in the energy supply system of buildings reveals the potential for energy improvement, which cannot be discovered using conventional energy analysis. Thermoeconomics combines economic and thermodynamic analysis by applying the concept of cost (an economic concept) to exergy, as exergy is a thermodynamic property fit for this purpose, in that it combines the quantity of energy with its quality factor. Exergy Analysis and Thermoeconomics of Buildings applies exergy analysis methods and thermoeconomics to the built environment. The mechanisms of heat transfer throughout the envelope of buildings are analyzed from an exergy perspective and then to the building thermal installations, analyzing the different components, such as condensing boilers, absorption refrigerators, microcogeneration plants, etc., including solar installations and finally the thermal facilities as a whole. A detailed analysis of the cost formation process is presented, which has its physical roots firmly planted in the second law of thermodynamics. The basic principles and the rules of cost allocation, in energy units (exergy cost), in monetary units (exergoeconomic cost), and in CO2 emissions (exergoenvironmental cost), based on the so-called Exergy Cost Theory are presented and applied to thermal installations of buildings. Clear and rigorous in its exposition, Exergy Analysis and Thermoeconomics of Buildings discusses exergy analysis and thermoeconomics and the role they could play in the analysis and design of building components, either the envelope or the thermal facilities, as well as the diagnosis of thermal installations. This book moves progressively from introducing the basic concepts to applying them. Exergy Analysis and Thermoeconomics of Buildings provides examples of specific cases throughout this book. These cases include real data, so that the results obtained are useful to interpret the inefficiencies and losses that truly occur in actual installations; hence, the assessment of their effects encourages the manner to improve efficiency. - Applies exergy analysis methods for the installation of building thermal facilities equipment components, including pipes, valves, heat exchangers, boilers and heat pumps - Helps readers determine the operational costs of heating and cooling building systems - Includes exergy analysis methods that are devoted to absorption refrigerators, adsorption cooling systems, basic air conditioning processes, ventilation systems and solar systems, either thermal and PV - Discusses the direct application of exergy analysis concepts, including examples of buildings with typical heating, DHW and air conditioning installations |
| carbon life cycle analysis: Environmental Assessment and Management in the Food Industry U Sonesson, J Berlin, F Ziegler, 2010-09-30 Life cycle assessment (LCA) of production and processing in the food industry is an important tool for improving sustainability. Environmental assessment and management in the food industry reviews the advantages, challenges and different applications of LCA and related methods for environmental assessment, as well as key aspects of environmental management in this industry sector.Part one discusses the environmental impact of food production and processing, addressing issues such as nutrient management and water efficiency in agriculture. Chapters in Part two cover LCA methodology and challenges, with chapters focusing on different food industry sectors such as crop production, livestock and aquaculture. Part three addresses the applications of LCA and related approaches in the food industry, with chapters covering combining LCA with economic tools, ecodesign of food products and footprinting methods of assessment, among other topics. The final part of the book concentrates on environmental management in the food industry, including contributions on training, eco-labelling and establishing management systems.With its international team of editors and contributors, Environmental assessment and management in the food industry is an essential reference for anyone involved in environmental management in the food industry, and for those with an academic interest in sustainable food production. - Reviews the advantages, challenges and different applications of LCA and related methods for environmental assessment - Discusses the environmental impact of food production and processing, addressing issues such as nutrient management and water efficiency in agriculture - Examines environmental management in the food industry, including contributions on training, eco-labelling and establishing management systems |
| carbon life cycle analysis: Sustainability Tom Theis, Jonathan Tomkin, 2018-01-23 With Sustainability: A Comprehensive Foundation, first and second-year college students are introduced to this expanding new field, comprehensively exploring the essential concepts from every branch of knowldege - including engineering and the applied arts, natural and social sciences, and the humanities. As sustainability is a multi-disciplinary area of study, the text is the product of multiple authors drawn from the diverse faculty of the University of Illinois: each chapter is written by a recognized expert in the field. |
| carbon life cycle analysis: Sustainability Assessment of Renewables-Based Products Jo Dewulf, Steven De Meester, Rodrigo A. F. Alvarenga, 2016-01-19 Over the past decade, renewables-based technology and sustainability assessment methods have grown tremendously. Renewable energy and products have a significant role in the market today, and the same time sustainability assessment methods have advanced, with a growing standardization of environmental sustainability metrics and consideration of social issues as part of the assessment. Sustainability Assessment of Renewables-Based Products: Methods and Case Studies is an extensive update and sequel to the 2006 title Renewables-Based Technology: Sustainability Assessment. It discusses the impressive evolution and role renewables have taken in our modern society, highlighting the importance of sustainability principles in the design phase of renewable-based technologies, and presenting a wide range of sustainability assessment methods suitable for renewables-based technologies, together with case studies to demonstrate their applications. This book is a valuable resource for academics, businesses and policy makers who are active in contributing to more sustainable production and consumption. For more information on the Wiley Series in Renewable Resources, visit www.wiley.com/go/rrs Topics covered include: The growing role of renewables in our society Sustainability in the design phase of products and processes Principles of sustainability assessment Land use analysis Water use analysis Material and energy flow analysis Exergy and cumulative exergy analysisCarbon and environmental footprint methods Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), social Life Cycle Assessment and Life Cycle Costing (LCC) Case studies: renewable energy, bio-based chemicals and bio-based materials. |
| carbon life cycle analysis: Dynamics of Long-Life Assets Stefan N. Grösser, Arcadio Reyes-Lecuona, Göran Granholm, 2017-05-10 This book is published under a CC BY-NC 4.0 license. The editors present essential methods and tools to support a holistic approach to the challenge of system upgrades and innovation in the context of high-value products and services. The approach presented here is based on three main pillars: an adaptation mechanism based on a broad understanding of system dependencies; efficient use of system knowledge through involvement of actors throughout the process; and technological solutions to enable efficient actor communication and information handling. The book provides readers with a better understanding of the factors that influence decisions, and put forward solutions to facilitate the rapid adaptation to changes in the business environment and customer needs through intelligent upgrade interventions. Further, it examines a number of sample cases from various contexts including car manufacturing, utilities, shipping and the furniture industry. The book offers a valuable resource for both academics and practitioners interested in the upgrading of capital-intensive products and services. “The work performed in the project “Use-It-Wisely (UiW)” significantly contributes towards a collaborative way of working. Moreover, it offers comprehensive system modelling to identify business opportunities and develop technical solutions within industrial value networks. The developed UiW-framework fills a void and offers a great opportunity. The naval construction sector of small passenger vessels, for instance, is one industry that can benefit.” Nikitas Nikitakos, Professor at University of the Aegean, Department of Shipping, Trade, and Transport, Greece. “Long-life assets are crucial for both the future competiveness and sustainability of society. Make wrong choices now and you are locked into a wrong system for a long time. Make the right choices now and society can prosper. This book gives important information about how manufacturers can make right choices.” Arnold Tukker, Scientific director, Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, and senior scientist, TNO. |
| carbon life cycle analysis: Taking Stock of Industrial Ecology Roland Clift, Angela Druckman, 2015-12-11 How can we design more sustainable industrial and urban systems that reduce environmental impacts while supporting a high quality of life for everyone? What progress has been made towards reducing resource use and waste, and what are the prospects for more resilient, material-efficient economies? What are the environmental and social impacts of global supply chains and how can they be measured and improved? Such questions are at the heart of the emerging discipline of industrial ecology, covered in Taking Stock of Industrial Ecology. Leading authors, researchers and practitioners review how far industrial ecology has developed and current issues and concerns, with illustrations of what the industrial ecology paradigm has achieved in public policy, corporate strategy and industrial practice. It provides an introduction for students coming to industrial ecology and for professionals who wish to understand what industrial ecology can offer, a reference for researchers and practitioners and a source of case studies for teachers. |
| carbon life cycle analysis: Measures of Environmental Performance and Ecosystem Condition National Academy of Engineering, 1999-06-02 When Cleveland's Cuyahoga River caught fire in 1969, no environmental measurements were necessary to know the seriousness of the problem. Incidents like the Cuyahoga fire raise an important question: Can catastrophes-in-the-making be detected early enough to be prevented? For those in industry, such disasters point to the need for measures that can improve the environmental performance of processes, products, business practices, and linked industrial systems. In Measures of Environmental Performance and Ecosystem Condition, experts share their insights on environmental metrics. The volume explores the most productive relationship between measures of environmental performance and measures of ecosystem conditions. It reviews current approaches, evaluates structures for business decisionmaking, and includes a matrix for determining the environmental performance of industrial facilities. Case studies include: Development and application of a water-quality rating scheme for streams and reservoirs in the Tennessee Valley. Three years of successful experience with waste metrics at 3M. The book covers the range of environmental performance and condition metrics, from the use of material flow data to monitor environmental performance at the national level to the use of bioassays to measure the toxicity of industrial effluents. This book offers something for everyone--policymakers, executives, engineers, managers, and advocates--with a stake in the measurement of environmental performance and ecological conditions. |
| carbon life cycle analysis: Biochar Application T. Komang Ralebitso-Senior, Caroline H. Orr, 2016-05-07 Biochar Application: Essential Soil Microbial Ecology outlines the cutting-edge research on the interactions of complex microbial populations and their functional, structural, and compositional dynamics, as well as the microbial ecology of biochar application to soil, the use of different phyto-chemical analyses, possibilities for future research, and recommendations for climate change policy. Biochar, or charcoal produced from plant matter and applied to soil, has become increasingly recognized as having the potential to address multiple contemporary concerns, such as agricultural productivity and contaminated ecosystem amelioration, primarily by removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and improving soil functions. Biochar Application is the first reference to offer a complete assessment of the various impacts of biochar on soil and ecosystems, and includes chapters analyzing all aspects of biochar technology and application to soil, from ecogenomic analyses and application ratios to nutrient cycling and next generation sequencing. Written by a team of international authors with interdisciplinary knowledge of biochar, this reference will provide a platform where collaborating teams can find a common resource to establish outcomes and identify future research needs throughout the world. - Includes multiple tables and figures per chapter to aid in analysis and understanding - Includes a comprehensive table of the methods used within the contents, ecosystems, contaminants, future research, and application opportunities explored in the book - Includes knowledge gaps and directions of future research to stimulate further discussion in the field and in climate change policy - Outlines the latest research on the interactions of complex microbial populations and their functional, structural, and compositional dynamics - Offers an assessment of the impacts of biochar on soil and ecosystems |
Introduction to Life Cycle Assessment methodology and …
ISO 14040 provides the guidelines and principles for conducting life cycle assessment studies • The definition of four phase of LCA (goal and scope, life cycle inventory and impact …
Best Practices for Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Biomass …
Life Cycle Analysis/Assessment (LCA) is an existing framework that is well suited to evaluate the environmental implications of Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR). By design, LCA provides a …
Life Cycle Analysis Comparison - Transportation Energy Institute
Figure 1 presents a summary of the findings from the LCA modeling exercise with the reconciled emissions projected from individual stages. The life cycle assessment is inclusive of a certain …
Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Solar Photovoltaics
Analysts developed and applied a systematic approach to review LCA literature, identify primary sources of variability and, where possible, reduce variability in life cycle GHG emissions …
Life Cycle Assessments and Product Carbon Footprint - BSI
Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) enable an organization to better account a product’s environmental impact (Product Carbon Footprint - CFP) over the course of its entire or partial life cycle, from …
Whole life carbon assessment for the built environment - RICS
Figure 1 illustrates typical breakdowns of whole life carbon emissions for different building types, highlighting the relative weight of operational and embodied carbon. The whole life figures …
CARBON DIOXIDE UTILIZATION LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS …
G. Cooney, and A. Kumar, “Carbon Dioxide Utilization Life Cycle Analysis Guidance for the U.S. DOE Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management Version 2.0” National Energy …
Life Cycle Analysis of Electric Vehicles - University of British …
This analysis encompasses the equipment life cycle of the vehicles and is focused on scope 1 emissions, as shown in Figure 1. The well-to-wheels lifecycle of energy production (scopes 2 …
GIFS Carbon Life Cycle Analysis
The comprehensive carbon life cycle analysis examines the greenhouse gas emissions of ˜ve key Canadian crops – canola, non-durum wheat, ˜eld peas, durum wheat and lentils. The results …
Life-Cycle and Techno-Economic Assessment of Early-Stage …
In this practice review, we outline current challenges in the interplay of LCA, TEA, and TRL and present best practices for assessing early-stage climate change mitigation technologies in the …
Understanding Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs), Product Carbon …
A life cycle assessment (LCA) is the compilation and evaluation of a product or system's inputs, outputs and potential environmental impacts throughout its life cycle (ISO 14040: 2006, sec 3.2).
Life Cycle Analysis at NETL - National Energy Technology …
What is Life Cycle Assessment/Analysis (LCA)? LCA is a technique that helps people make better decisions to improve and protect the environment by accounting for the potential impacts from …
LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF CARBON EMISSIONS - Alliance …
Life Cycle Carbon: In this report life cycle carbon in reference to buildings entails carbon emissions from all life cycle phases, incorporating both embodied and operational carbon (i.e., …
Solid Waste Management and Greenhouse Gases A Life-Cycle …
1. LIFE-CYCLE METHODOLOGY This report is the third edition of Solid Waste Management and Greenhouse Gases: A Life-Cycle Assessment of Emissions and Sinks. EPA made the …
BEST PRACTICES FOR LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA) OF …
Life Cycle Analysis/Assessment (LCA) is an existing framework that is well suited to evaluate the environmental implications of CDR. By design, LCA provides a holistic perspective of the …
Lifecycle Assessment and carbon footprint calculation of
Dec 3, 2024 · What is Lifecycle assessment and how is it calculated? 3. How is the carbon footprint of Compound feed calculated? The food system plays a crucial role in the context of …
Life Cycle Assessment A product-oriented method for …
What is a carbon footprint? • A Carbon footprint is the result of life cycle thinking applied to one impact category: Global Warming (Climate Change) • It is not a true LCA because it only …
Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Electricity …
Life cycle assessments (LCA) can help quantify environmental burdens from “cradle to grave” and facilitate more-consistent comparisons of energy technologies. Figure 1. Generalized life cycle …
COMPARATIVE LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT: NORTH AMERICA
Identify environmental hotspots along a product’s life cycle. Add an environmental dimension for decision-makers to explore new design solutions. Monitor environmental footprint …
Introduction to Life Cycle Assessment - Department of Energy
Life cycle assessment, or LCA, is a methodology for assessing the environmental impacts associated with the entire life cycle of a particular product or process. LCA’s comprehensive …
Life Cycle Assessment of a Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power …
Carbon dioxide (CO2) 371,247 GateCycle - after adjustment Carbon monoxide (CO) 27 U.S. EPA 1995 (a) ... (1997). fiNet-Energy Life-Cycle Analysis of a Natural Gas Combined-Cycle Power …
Introduction to Life Cycle Assessment methodology and …
ISO 14040 provides the guidelines and principles for conducting life cycle assessment studies • The definition of four phase of LCA (goal and scope, life cycle inventory and impact assessment, …
Best Practices for Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Biomass …
Life Cycle Analysis/Assessment (LCA) is an existing framework that is well suited to evaluate the environmental implications of Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR). By design, LCA provides a holistic …
Life Cycle Analysis Comparison - Transportation Energy …
Figure 1 presents a summary of the findings from the LCA modeling exercise with the reconciled emissions projected from individual stages. The life cycle assessment is inclusive of a certain …
Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Solar Photovoltaics
Analysts developed and applied a systematic approach to review LCA literature, identify primary sources of variability and, where possible, reduce variability in life cycle GHG emissions …
Life Cycle Assessments and Product Carbon Footprint - BSI
Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) enable an organization to better account a product’s environmental impact (Product Carbon Footprint - CFP) over the course of its entire or partial life cycle, from …
Whole life carbon assessment for the built environment - RICS
Figure 1 illustrates typical breakdowns of whole life carbon emissions for different building types, highlighting the relative weight of operational and embodied carbon. The whole life figures …
CARBON DIOXIDE UTILIZATION LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS …
G. Cooney, and A. Kumar, “Carbon Dioxide Utilization Life Cycle Analysis Guidance for the U.S. DOE Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management Version 2.0” National Energy Technology …
Life Cycle Analysis of Electric Vehicles - University of British …
This analysis encompasses the equipment life cycle of the vehicles and is focused on scope 1 emissions, as shown in Figure 1. The well-to-wheels lifecycle of energy production (scopes 2 and …
GIFS Carbon Life Cycle Analysis
The comprehensive carbon life cycle analysis examines the greenhouse gas emissions of ˜ve key Canadian crops – canola, non-durum wheat, ˜eld peas, durum wheat and lentils. The results …
Life-Cycle and Techno-Economic Assessment of Early-Stage …
In this practice review, we outline current challenges in the interplay of LCA, TEA, and TRL and present best practices for assessing early-stage climate change mitigation technologies in the …
Understanding Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs), Product …
A life cycle assessment (LCA) is the compilation and evaluation of a product or system's inputs, outputs and potential environmental impacts throughout its life cycle (ISO 14040: 2006, sec 3.2).
Life Cycle Analysis at NETL - National Energy Technology …
What is Life Cycle Assessment/Analysis (LCA)? LCA is a technique that helps people make better decisions to improve and protect the environment by accounting for the potential impacts from …
LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF CARBON EMISSIONS
Life Cycle Carbon: In this report life cycle carbon in reference to buildings entails carbon emissions from all life cycle phases, incorporating both embodied and operational carbon (i.e., stages A1 to …
Solid Waste Management and Greenhouse Gases A Life …
1. LIFE-CYCLE METHODOLOGY This report is the third edition of Solid Waste Management and Greenhouse Gases: A Life-Cycle Assessment of Emissions and Sinks. EPA made the following …
BEST PRACTICES FOR LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA) OF …
Life Cycle Analysis/Assessment (LCA) is an existing framework that is well suited to evaluate the environmental implications of CDR. By design, LCA provides a holistic perspective of the …
Lifecycle Assessment and carbon footprint calculation of
Dec 3, 2024 · What is Lifecycle assessment and how is it calculated? 3. How is the carbon footprint of Compound feed calculated? The food system plays a crucial role in the context of climate …
Life Cycle Assessment A product-oriented method for …
What is a carbon footprint? • A Carbon footprint is the result of life cycle thinking applied to one impact category: Global Warming (Climate Change) • It is not a true LCA because it only models …
Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Electricity …
Life cycle assessments (LCA) can help quantify environmental burdens from “cradle to grave” and facilitate more-consistent comparisons of energy technologies. Figure 1. Generalized life cycle …
COMPARATIVE LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT: NORTH …
Identify environmental hotspots along a product’s life cycle. Add an environmental dimension for decision-makers to explore new design solutions. Monitor environmental footprint improvements …
Introduction to Life Cycle Assessment - Department of Energy
Life cycle assessment, or LCA, is a methodology for assessing the environmental impacts associated with the entire life cycle of a particular product or process. LCA’s comprehensive …
Life Cycle Assessment of a Natural Gas Combined Cycle …
Carbon dioxide (CO2) 371,247 GateCycle - after adjustment Carbon monoxide (CO) 27 U.S. EPA 1995 (a) ... (1997). fiNet-Energy Life-Cycle Analysis of a Natural Gas Combined-Cycle Power …
