Carrier Furnace Troubleshooting Manual

Advertisement



  carrier furnace troubleshooting manual: HVAC Troubleshooting Guide Rex Miller, 2009-02-10 A Practical, On-the-Job HVAC Guide Applicable to residential, commercial, and industrial jobs, this essential handbook puts a wealth of real-world information at your fingertips. HVAC Troubleshooting Guide shows you how to read, interpret, and prepare schedules, mechanical plans, and electrical schematics. This handy resource will aid you in your everyday tasks and keep you up to date with the latest facts, figures, and devices. The book includes numerous illustrations, tables, and charts, troubleshooting tips, safety precautions, resource directories, and a glossary of terms. HVAC Troubleshooting Guide helps you: Identify and safely use tools and equipment (both new and old) Use heat pumps and hot air furnaces Calculate ventilation requirements Work with refrigeration equipment and the new refrigerants Utilize control devices, including solenoids and relays Operate, select, and repair electric motors Work with condensers, compressors, and evaporators Monitor the flow of refrigerant with valves, tubing, and filters Comply with the Section 608 refrigerant recycling rule Program thermostats Insulate with batts, sheet, tubing covers, and foam Work with solid-state controls Understand electrical and electronic symbols used in schematics
  carrier furnace troubleshooting manual: HVACR Troubleshooting Fundamentals Jim Johnson, 2018
  carrier furnace troubleshooting manual: Massachusetts Uniform State Plumbing Code Commonwealth Of Massachusetts, 2021-04-09 This book contains Massachusetts Uniform State Plumbing Code, 248 CMR for the all plumbing related codes for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts
  carrier furnace troubleshooting manual: Pesticide analytical manual United States. Food and Drug Administration, 1977
  carrier furnace troubleshooting manual: Refrigerant Charging and Service Procedures for Air Conditioning Craig Migliaccio, 2019-04-24 This Ebook is dedicated to those who are eager to learn the HVACR Trade and Refrigerant Charging/Troubleshooting Practices. In this book, you will find Step by Step Procedures for preparing an air conditioning and heat pump system for refrigerant, reading the manifold gauge set, measuring the refrigerants charge level, and troubleshooting problems with the system's refrigerant flow. This book differs from others as it gives key insights into each procedure along with tool use from a technician's perspective, in language that the technician can understand. This book explains the refrigeration cycle of air conditioners and heat pumps, refrigerant properties, heat transfer, the components included in the system, the roles of each component, airflow requirements, and common problems. Procedures Included: Pump Down, Vacuum and Standing Vacuum Test, Recovery and Recovery Bottle Use, Refrigerant Manifold Gauge Set and Hose Connections, Service Valve Positions and Port Access, Preparation of the System for Refrigerant, Refrigerant Charging and Recovery on an Active System, Troubleshooting the Refrigerant Charge and System Operation
  carrier furnace troubleshooting manual: FM 21-11 First Aid for Soldiers United States. War Department, 2018-10-20 FM 21-11 1943: Basic field manual, first aid for soldiers.(OBSOLETE) The purpose of this manual is to teach the soldier what he can do for himself or a fellow soldier if injury or sickness occurs when no medical officer or Medical Department soldier is nearby. Information is also given concerning the use of certain supplies which are for the purpose of helping to keep well. This field manual addresses wounds, fractures/dislocations/ sprains, common emergencies and health measures, effects of severe cold and heat, measures for use in the jungle/tropics and in aircraft and tank injuries, transportation of sick and injured, war gases, and description and uses of first-aid kits and packets.
  carrier furnace troubleshooting manual: Model curriculum for training tractor-trailer drivers , 1985
  carrier furnace troubleshooting manual: HVAC Simplified Stephen P. Kavanaugh, 2006 HVAC Simplified (zip file)This text provides an understanding of fundamental HVAC concepts and how to extend these principles to the explanation of simple design tools used to create building systems that are efficient and provide comfortable and healthy environments. The text contains twelve chapters that review the fundamentals of refrigeration, heat transfer, and psychrometrics. Information from the ASHRAE HandbookFundamentals is summarized and supplemented with items from industry sources. The remaining chapters assemble information from ASHRAE Handbooks, ASHRAE standards and manufacturer data present design procedures commonly used by professional engineers. Other topics include equipment selection and specification, comfort and IAQ, building assemblies, heating and cooling loads, air distribution system design, water distribution system design, electrical and control systems, design for energy efficiency, and design for economic value. A suite of complementary spreadsheet programs that incorporate design and computation procedures from the text are provided on the CD that accompanies this book. These programs include psychrometric analysis, equipment selection, heating and cooling load calculation, an electronic ductulator, piping system design, a ductwork cost calculator, and programs to evaluate building system demand and energy efficiency. Future updates to these programs can be found at www.ashrae.org/updates. The downloadable version of this product comes as a zip file and includes a PDF of the User's Manual and all the supporting files located on the CD that accompanies the print version. You must have WinZip to open the download.
  carrier furnace troubleshooting manual: Audel HVAC Fundamentals, Volume 1 James E. Brumbaugh, 2012-07-02 A reference you'll warm up to From the background and basics of heating systems to the newest chip-based technology, this first volume of Audel's HVAC Library gives you comprehensive information you need on the job. Whether you're installing, servicing, repairing, or troubleshooting an old or new heating system, you'll find what you're looking for, from wood and coal furnace maintenance to new calculations and the latest environmental technologies and regulations. * Review the basics of installation, wiring, and troubleshooting for different HVAC systems * Choose the correct system for the space, climate, and needs * Compare the economy and efficiency of various fuel types * Install, maintain, and troubleshoot conversion units * Find formula cross references, data tables with conversions, and listings of trade organizations and equipment manufacturers
  carrier furnace troubleshooting manual: Natural Gas and Propane Installation Code Canadian Standards Association, 2006
  carrier furnace troubleshooting manual: Inspecting HVAC Systems Nick Gromicko, 2016-08-20
  carrier furnace troubleshooting manual: GC Inlets Matthew S. Klee, 1990-02-01
  carrier furnace troubleshooting manual: Chilton's Commercial Carrier Journal for Professional Fleet Managers , 1992-07
  carrier furnace troubleshooting manual: Model T Ford Service Ford Motor Company, 2013-08 Henry Ford's Model T forever changed the world. The car made for the great multitude (as Ford put it) first debuted in 1908 and proved so affordable and so popular that fifteen million were sold through 1927. The Tin Lizzie was the first automobile to be mass-produced on moving assembly lines, and built using interchangeable parts. It proved tough and reliable in everyday use, and cheap enough to spawn the automobile revolution: the car cost $850 in 1909 but amazingly by the 1920s, the price had dropped to a mere $260 due to the perfection of production techniques and economy of scale. Designed by a team that included Childe Harold Willis, Joseph Galamb and Eugene Farkas, the Model T had a front-mounted four-cylinder engine that produced 20 hp and had a top speed of 45 mph. It was a rear-wheel drive vehicle with wooden wheels, and featured a two-speed transmission plus a reverse gear. Although models varied - and many revisions took place over two decades of production - the original version weighed about 1200 pounds. Created in the 1920s and featuring information about the original Model T and the New Model T of 1925, this maintenance manual is an invaluable resource. It was originally intended to educate the men tasked with assembling, repairing and maintaining the Model T, and offers a plethora of information about the car, its design and operation. The text includes chapters on how to take apart and put together the car, how to overhaul the engine and transmission, valve grinding and carbon removal, rod bearings, fitting pistons and rings, correcting noisy timing gears, installation of camshaft bearings, cleaning oil lines, oil leaks, transmission band installation, axle overhauls, refurbishing and replacing springs, radiator repair, starting motor overhaul, and more. It also includes troubleshooting and general servicing information. A must have for any Model T owner, this book is also a terrific reference for the docent, historian, or anyone who ever wondered, how did that work?
  carrier furnace troubleshooting manual: Handbook of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Shan K. Wang, 2000-11-07 * A broad range of disciplines--energy conservation and air quality issues, construction and design, and the manufacture of temperature-sensitive products and materials--is covered in this comprehensive handbook * Provide essential, up-to-date HVAC data, codes, standards, and guidelines, all conveniently located in one volume * A definitive reference source on the design, selection and operation of A/C and refrigeration systems
  carrier furnace troubleshooting manual: HVAC Design Manual for Hospitals and Clinics ASHRAE (Firm), 2013 Health care HVAC systems serve facilities in which the population is uniquely vulnerable and exposed to an elevated risk of health, fire, and safety hazard. These heavily regulated, high-stakes facilities undergo continuous maintenance, verification, inspection, and recertification, typically operate 24/7, and are owner occupied for long life. The HVAC systems in health care facilities must be carefully designed to be installed, operated and maintained in coordination with specialized buildings services, including emergency and normal power, plumbing and medical gas systems, automatic transport, fire protections and a myriad of IT systems, all within a limited building envelope.
  carrier furnace troubleshooting manual: High-efficiency Gas Furnace Troubleshooting Handbook Billy C. Langley, 1991
  carrier furnace troubleshooting manual: Extrusion Harold F. Giles Jr, John R. Wagner Jr., Eldridge M. Mount III, 2013-09-21 The second edition of Extrusion is designed to aid operators, engineers, and managers in extrusion processing in quickly answering practical day-to-day questions. The first part of the book provides the fundamental principles, for operators and engineers, of polymeric materials extrusion processing in single and twin screw extruders. The next section covers advanced topics including troubleshooting, auxiliary equipment, and coextrusion for operators, engineers, and managers. The final part provides applications case studies in key areas for engineers such as compounding, blown film, extrusion blow molding, coating, foam, and reprocessing. This practical guide to extrusion brings together both equipment and materials processing aspects. It covers basic and advanced topics, for reference and training, in thermoplastics processing in the extruder. Detailed reference data are provided on such important operating conditions as temperatures, start-up procedures, shear rates, pressure drops, and safety. - A practical guide to the selection, design and optimization of extrusion processes and equipment - Designed to improve production efficiency and product quality - Focuses on practical fault analysis and troubleshooting techniques
  carrier furnace troubleshooting manual: Cycle Time Prashant Bendre, 2015-03-14 Author is having experience in delivering on cycle time reduction, DOE and Optimization of Rubber injection molding process, author is willing to share his ideas to rubber and various process handling peoples. This E Book contains various ideas to implement in any process including case study of rubber injection molding in brief.
  carrier furnace troubleshooting manual: Analytical Chemistry Refresher Manual John Kenkel, 2020-08-26 Analytical Chemistry Refresher Manual provides a comprehensive refresher in techniques and methodology of modern analytical chemistry. Topics include sampling and sample preparation, solution preparation, and discussions of wet and instrumental methods of analysis; spectrometric techniques of UV, vis, and IR spectroscopy; NMR, mass spectrometry, and atomic spectrometry techniques; analytical separations, including liquid-liquid extraction, liquid-solid extraction, instrumental and non-instrumental chromatography, and electrophoresis; and basic theory and instrument design concepts of gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. The manual also covers automation, potentiometric and voltammetric techniques, and the detection and accounting of laboratory errors. Analytical Chemistry Refresher Manual will benefit all laboratory workers, water and wastewater professionals, and academic researchers who are looking for a readable reference covering the fundamentals of modern analytical chemistry.
  carrier furnace troubleshooting manual: Manual of Analytical Quality Control for Pesticides and Related Compounds in Human and Environmental Samples Joseph Sherma, Morton Beroza, 1981
  carrier furnace troubleshooting manual: INDUSTRIAL MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING. , 2018
  carrier furnace troubleshooting manual: High Efficiency Gas Furnace Fixes Robert Enochs, 2024-03-01 Fix Your Furnace Without Having to Hire a Professional This easy-to-read and follow comprehensive HVAC repair manual is your ultimate guide to troubleshooting and fixing common issues with your furnace without needing a costly service technician. This furnace troubleshooting book does not read like a typical HVAC for beginners or HVAC for Dummies repair book – no, this is more like a storybook that takes you on a fascinating journey of learning everything there is to know about your furnace. (Because after all, you need to know how it works before you can fix it). This book is designed specifically for homeowners and brand-new service technicians to empower anyone to take control of their heating system and confidently tackle repairs. Inside, you'll find practical step-by-step instructions and expert tips to help you navigate through any condensing gas furnace problem. You'll learn to tackle each task carefully, understanding the importance of safety procedures. You’ll also get a history lesson to better understand how heat exchangers (and many other internal components) work and why they do what they do. Because, after all, you can’t fix something if you don’t know what it’s supposed to do in the first place. This HVAC book offers a clear rundown of the essential equipment, including specialized diagnostic tools that make you feel like a furnace pro. Delve deep into what makes your furnace tick as you familiarize yourself with its key components, each explained with clarity and practical detail. With each page, you'll gain proficiency in addressing common issues - from burners that won't light up to clogged condensate drains. Learn the ins and outs of thermostat tweaks, why a filter replacement is critical, and what to do when a hot surface ignitor or flame sensor throws a tantrum. After mastering these topics, you won't just learn how to fit it - you’ll learn maintenance tips to prevent future problems. Key Features: Easy-to-follow troubleshooting guides for common furnace problems Detailed explanations of high efficiency condensing gas furnace components and operation Insider tips and tricks to save time and money on repairs Safety precautions and best practices for DIY furnace maintenance Bonus chapter on preventive maintenance to keep your furnace running efficiently year-round Whether you're a homeowner looking to repair the furnace in the middle of the night by yourself or save on repair costs - this book will teach you everything you need to know and things you previously had no idea about. High-Efficiency Gas Furnace Fixes is your HVAC repair book, and this is not HVAC repair for dummies; this easy-to-read book will explain everything you need to know about your condensing gas furnace. Embrace the power and satisfaction of being able to fix the furnace yourself with open arms, and enjoy the mental ease that comes with invaluable know-how.
  carrier furnace troubleshooting manual: HVAC Tables, Equations and Rules of Thumb Quick-Card , 2015-10-22 HVAC Tables, Equations & Rules of Thumb Quick-CardThis 6-page guide provides the basic numbers, flow rates and formulas the plumber and mechanics needs based on 2015 International Mechanical Code (IMC), ASHRAE & SMACNAFeatures: Cooling Load & Factors Cooling Towers & Condensers Air Conditioning Heating Load, Systems & Factors Heat Exchanger & Boilers Boilers Steam Piping Systems & Humidification Ventilation, Air Distribution Systems & Ductwork Fans Energy Efficiency Conversions & Occupancy FactorsPublisher/Edition: Builder's Book, Inc .10/22/2015ISBN 10: 1622701275 ISBN 13: 9781622701278
  carrier furnace troubleshooting manual: Boiler Operation Engineering P. Chattopadhyay, 2001
  carrier furnace troubleshooting manual: HVAC Arthur A. Bell, 2000 The ultimate reference book on the most frequently used HVAC data, chock-full of equations, data, and rules of thumb--a necessary addition to any library for mechanical, architectural, and electrical engineers, HVAC contractors and technicians, and others. Features over 216 equations for everything from air change rates to swimming pools to steel pipes. Includes both ASME and ASHRAE code information, and follows the CSI MasterFormat TM.
  carrier furnace troubleshooting manual: Top Secret Files Stephanie Bearce, 2021-09-23 Flame throwers, spy trees, bird bombs, and Hell Fighters were all a part of World War I, but you won't learn that in your history books! Uncover long-lost secrets of spies like Howard Burnham, “The One-Legged Wonder,” and nurse-turned-spy, Edith Cavell. Peek into secret files to learn the truth about the Red Baron and the mysterious Mata Hari. Then learn how to build your own Zeppelin balloon and mix up some invisible ink. It's all part of the true stories from the Top Secret Files: World War I. Take a look if you dare, but be careful! Some secrets are meant to stay hidden . . . Ages 9-12
  carrier furnace troubleshooting manual: Karl Fischer Titration Eugen Scholz, 2012-12-06 The Karl Fischer titration is used in many different ways following its publication in 1935 and further applications are continually being explored. At the present time we are experiencing another phase of expansion, as shown by the development of new titration equipment and new reagents. KF equipment increasingly incorporates microprocessors which enable the course of a titration to be programmed thus sim plifying the titration. Coulometric titrators allow water determinations in the micro gram-range: the KF titration has become a micro-method. The new pyridine-free re agents make its application significantly more pleasant and open up further possibili ties on account of their accuracy. To make the approach to Karl Fischer titrations easier, we have summarized the present knowledge in this monograph and we have complemented it with our own studies and practical experience. As this book should remain readable, we have tried to keep the fundamentals to a minimum. Historical developments are only mentioned if they seem to be necessary for understanding the KF reaction. The ap plications are described more fully. Specific details which may interest a particular reader can be found in the original publications cited. The referenced literature is in chronological order as the year of publication may also prove informative. Thus, [6902] for example denotes 69 for 1969 being the year of publication and 02 is a non-recurring progressive number. The referenced litera ture includes summaries which we hope will be of help to find the right publica tion easily.
  carrier furnace troubleshooting manual: Troubleshooting HVAC-R Equipment Jim Johnson, 1995-10-02 Starting with the essential fundamentals, this book takes a straight-forward approach to repairing and maintaining small refrigeration equipment, commercial equipment and residential HVAC-R systems. Numerous troubleshooting problems offer readers hands-on opportunity to apply knowledge utilizing tips and tricks from experienced professionals. Contains numerous troubleshooting charts from well known manufacturers such as Smokemaster and Trane. Table of Contents: Section One: Refrigeration Fundamentals Section Two: Electrical Fundamentals Section Three: Tools, Equipment and Meters for HVAC-R Servicing Section Four: HVAC-R Equipment
  carrier furnace troubleshooting manual: National Electrical Code National Fire Protection Association, 1998 Presents the latest electrical regulation code that is applicable for electrical wiring and equipment installation for all buildings, covering emergency situations, owner liability, and procedures for ensuring public and workplace safety.
  carrier furnace troubleshooting manual: Airframe and Powerplant Mechanics Airframe Handbook United States. Flight Standards Service, 1976
  carrier furnace troubleshooting manual: Selective Detectors Robert E. Sievers, 1995-04-03 A timely and authoritative review of the current state of selective detector technology This book was written for professionals who need to keep abreast of the latest developments and emerging trends in selective detectors and their applications. It comprises contributions from many of the leading innovators and pioneers in the field, including James Lovelock, inventor of the electron capture detector, whose own contribution is certain to be a rich source of ideas and inspiration for all who read it. Offering a balanced presentation of theory and practice, Selective Detectors: Reviews the theory and underlying principles of a broad range of devices Discusses, in detail, capabilities and current applications, with an emphasis on interdisciplinary applications, including environmental, petrochemical, biomedical, and quality control Explores, in depth, the latest advances and emerging technologies Arms readers with a wealth of practical how-to information on selecting, using, modifying, and building selective detectors for a wide range of applications Future historians studying the late twentieth century will almost certainly come to view the advent of selective detectors as among the truly formative technological developments of the period. Anyone who doubts this thesis need only consider the impact of selective detection on environmental quality, the sciences, technology, medicine, business and industry, public policy, quality control, and many other fields. Yet, despite the obvious importance of selective detectors, there continues to be a scarcity of books dedicated to helping professionals keep abreast of the latest developments and emerging trends in this in fluential technology. This timely and authoritative review of the current state of selective detector technology fills that gap. This book focuses on the newest selective detectors for chromatographic analysis. Conceived and shepherded into existence by a major figure in analytical chemistry and environmental analysis, it includes contributions from many of the leading innovators and pioneers in the field. Most prominent among these is Dr. James Lovelock, inventor of the electron capture detector, whose chapter on the history and development of selective detectors will be a rich source of ideas and inspiration for all who read it. Offering a balanced presentation of theory and practice, Selective Detectors reviews the theory and underlying principles of selective detectors; discusses, in detail, their current capabilities and applications; explores the latest advances and emerging technologies; and arms readers with a wealth of practical how-to information on selecting, using, modifying, and building selective detectors for a wide range of applications. Selective Detectors is an invaluable resource for analytical chemists and technicians working in a variety of disciplines, including environmental science, petrochemical industries, the food and beverage industries, biotechnology, medicine, and more.
  carrier furnace troubleshooting manual: Industrial Maintenance Denis Green, Jonathan F. Gosse, 2010 With an emphasis on maintenance personnel versatility, Industrial Maintenance is a comprehensive source of fundamental system operation, maintenance, and troubleshooting information. This edition builds on industry-proven content and offers expanded coverage in the areas of energy efficiency and auditing, waste reduction, safety standards, advanced multimeter functions and procedures, building automation systems, and indoor air quality. Real-world maintenance problems and solutions are depicted throughout the textbook, along with equipment operating principles, maintenance management procedures, and troubleshooting scenarios for common systems.The workbook features typical troubleshooting and diagnostic activities encountered in the field. Activities reinforce knowledge of maintenance concepts and help learners develop troubleshooting skills.
  carrier furnace troubleshooting manual: Domestic and Commercial Oil Burners Charles Henry Burkhardt, 1969
  carrier furnace troubleshooting manual: Reports of the United States Tax Court Mary T. Pittman, 1985
  carrier furnace troubleshooting manual: Catalog of Copyright Entries. Third Series Library of Congress. Copyright Office, 1964 Includes Part 1, Number 1: Books and Pamphlets, Including Serials and Contributions to Periodicals (January - June)
  carrier furnace troubleshooting manual: RCRA Ground-water Monitoring Technical Enforcement Guidance Document (TEGD). , 1986
  carrier furnace troubleshooting manual: Airframe and Powerplant Mechanics General Handbook Faa, 2009 The Aviation Maintenance Technician Handbook-General was developed as one of a series of three handbooks for persons preparing for mechanic certification with airframe or powerplant ratings, or both. It is intended that this handbook will provide basic information on principles, fundamentals, and technical procedures in the subject matter common to both the airframe and powerplant ratings. Emphasis in this volume is on theory and methods of application.--Preface of book.
  carrier furnace troubleshooting manual: Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications , 1997
  carrier furnace troubleshooting manual: Uniform Mechanical Code , 1988
Carrier Residential | HVAC Systems for Homeowners
Transform your home into a Carrier home with our refined HVAC systems. Take control of your comfort with …

For The World We Share | Carrier
Discover how Carrier’s groundbreaking innovations anticipate customer needs and break industry barriers. With a …

关于开利中国 | Carrier China
开利与中国的渊源可以追溯到1937年,开利的空调系统安装在中国银行大厦,当时上海最高的建筑!1987年,开利在中国成立第一家 …

World Headquarters | Carrier Global Corporation (NYSE: CA…
Carrier is the global leader in sustainable healthy buildings, HVAC, commercial and transport …

HVAC Products & Systems | Carrier Residential
Carrier's HVAC products & systems help you transform your home into the healthy, comfortable, efficient, and …

Carrier Residential | HVAC Systems for Homeowners
Transform your home into a Carrier home with our refined HVAC systems. Take control of your comfort with our heating and air conditioners solutions. Explore Carrier Residential.

For The World We Share | Carrier
Discover how Carrier’s groundbreaking innovations anticipate customer needs and break industry barriers. With a legacy of excellence and forward-thinking design, we continue to deliver …

关于开利中国 | Carrier China
开利与中国的渊源可以追溯到1937年,开利的空调系统安装在中国银行大厦,当时上海最高的建筑!1987年,开利在中国成立第一家合资公司正式成立。

World Headquarters | Carrier Global Corporation (NYSE: CARR)
Carrier is the global leader in sustainable healthy buildings, HVAC, commercial and transport refrigeration solutions. Learn more about Carrier Corporation.

HVAC Products & Systems | Carrier Residential
Carrier's HVAC products & systems help you transform your home into the healthy, comfortable, efficient, and controlled home of your dreams. Choose from heating & cooling products …

Klimatyzacja, ogrzewanie i wentylacja Carrier | Carrier Polska
Rozwiązania Carrier w zakresie klimatyzacji, ogrzewania i wentylacji czynią świat lepszym miejscem dzięki innowacyjnym technologiom i odpowiedzialnemu zarządzaniu środowiskiem.

Our Company - Carrier Corporate
Carrier is a global leader in intelligent climate and energy solutions, with a focus on providing differentiated, digitally enabled lifecycle solutions to our customers.

Sistemas de aire acondicionado, calefacción, ventilación - Carrier
Carrier ofrecemos soluciones de sistemas de aire acondicionado, calefacción y ventilación. Mejoramos el entorno con innovación y respeto al medio ambiente.

Carrier verwarming, ventilatie en airconditioning | Carrier Nederland
Carrier-oplossingen voor airconditioning, verwarming en ventilatie verbeteren de wereld om ons heen met innovatieve machinebouw en milieuvriendelijk rentmeesterschap.

Air Conditioning, Heating, and Controls for HVAC systems for
Carrier provides superior commercial air conditioning, heating and controls for HVAC systems serving commercial buildings