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| case studies on parkinson's disease: Case Studies in Communication Disorders Louise Cummings, 2016-10-06 This is a collection of 48 highly useful case studies of children and adults with communication disorders. |
| case studies on parkinson's disease: Case Studies in Movement Disorders Roberto Erro, Maria Stamelou, 2017-04-27 A thorough collection of movement disorders cases, each discussed by international experts and accompanied by illustrative video content. |
| case studies on parkinson's disease: Etiology of Parkinson's Disease Jonas H. Ellenberg, William C. Koller, James William Langston, 1995-03-01 This comprehensive reference provides a detailed overview of current concepts regarding the cause of Parkinson's disease-emphasizing the issues involved in the design, implementation, and analysis of epidemiological studies of parkinsonism. |
| case studies on parkinson's disease: Improving Functional Outcomes in Physical Rehabilitation Edward Bezkor, Susan B. O'Sullivan, Thomas J. Schmitz, 2021-11-19 Achieve the best functional outcomes for your patients. Here is a practical, step-by-step guide to understanding the treatment process and selecting the most appropriate interventions for your patients. Superbly illustrated, in-depth coverage shows you how to identify functional deficits, determine what treatments are appropriate, and then implement them to achieve the best functional outcome for your patients. Learn through reading, seeing, and doing. Seventeen case studies in the text correspond to seventeen videotaped case studies with voice-over narration online at FADavis.com. These videos show you how practicing therapists interact with their clients in rehabilitation settings…from sample elements of the initial examination through the interventions to the functional outcomes…to make a difference in patients’ lives. |
| case studies on parkinson's disease: Case Studies in Neuropalliative Care Maisha T. Robinson, 2018-06-28 This guide delivers problem-based scenarios in neuropalliative care; improving quality of life for patients with neurologic diseases. |
| case studies on parkinson's disease: Sleep Disorders in Parkinson’s Disease Chun-Feng Liu, 2021-03-20 This book focuses on the sleep-related disorders in Parkinson's disease (PD), demonstrating that they are among the most common non-motor manifestations of PD and have a significant negative impact on quality of life. Sleep changes may also serve as markers to identify patients in the preclinical stage of PD. This book presents recent major breakthroughs related to sleep disorders in PD, such as REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), insomnia, nocturia, restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movements, sleep disordered breathing, excessive daytime sleepiness, and circadian rhythm disorders. It also discusses the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, clinical implications, associated features, evaluation and management of these disorders and suggests some further research directions in these areas in order to develop neuroprotective therapies for PD. Focusing on Chinese PD patients, it addresses traditional Chinese Medicine, and compares the epidemiology and management of PD in China and Western countries to provide a frame of reference values for further studies. Further, it features numerous case reports to enable readers gain a better uderstanding of the subject matter. This comprehensive yet practical book is a valuable resource for scientists and clinicians. |
| case studies on parkinson's disease: An Essay on the Shaking Palsy James Parkinson, 1817 |
| case studies on parkinson's disease: Neuropalliative Care Claire J. Creutzfeldt, Benzi M. Kluger, Robert G. Holloway, 2018-10-01 This comprehensive guide thoroughly covers all aspects of neuropalliative care, from symptom-specific considerations, to improving communication between clinicians, patients and families. Neuropalliative Care: A Guide to Improving the Lives of Patients and Families Affected by Neurologic Disease addresses clinical considerations for diseases such as dementia, multiple sclerosis, and severe acute brain injury, as well discussing the other challenges facing palliative care patients that are not currently sufficiently met under current models of care. This includes methods of effective communication, supporting the caregiver, how to make difficult treatment decisions in the face of uncertainty, managing grief, guilt and anger, and treating the pain itself. Written by leaders in the field of neuropalliative care, this book is an exceptional, well-rounded resource of neuropalliative care, serving as a reference for all clinicians caring for patients with neurological disease and their families: neurologists and palliative care specialists, physicians, nurses, chaplains, social workers, as well as trainees in these areas. |
| case studies on parkinson's disease: The Case of the Frozen Addicts J.W. Langston, J. Palfreman, 2013-12-02 In the summer of 1982, hospital emergency rooms in the San Francisco Bay Area were suddenly confronted with mysteriously “frozen” patients – young men and women who, though conscious, could neither move nor speak. Doctors were baffled, until neurologist J. William Langston, recognizing the symptoms of advanced Parkinson’s disease, administered L-dopa – the only known effective treatment – and “unfroze” his patient. Dr. Langston determined that this patient and five others had all used the same tainted batch of synthetic heroin, inadvertently laced with a toxin that had destroyed an area of their brains essential to normal movement. This same area, the substantia nigra, slowly deteriorates in Parkinson’s disease. As scientists raced to capitalize on this breakthrough, Dr. Langston struggled to salvage the lives of his frozen patients, for whom L-dopa provided only short-term relief. The solution he found lay in the most daring area of research: fetal-tissue transplants. The astonishing recovery of two of his patients garnered worldwide press coverage, helped overturn federal restrictions on fetal-tissue research, and offered hope to millions suffering from Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and other degenerative brain disorders. This is the story behind the headline – a spellbinding account that brings to life the intellectual excitement, ethical dilemmas, and fierce competitiveness of medical research. This new updated edition of the classic neurological mystery tale, “The Case of the Frozen Addicts,” illuminates how the solution to a baffling mystery of the brain’s chemistry opened a new frontier in medicine and restored life to people without hope. “It begins with a series of quixotic discoveries, escalates to providing possible solutions for one of humanity’s most intractable medical problems, and then catapults the reader into the center of America’s hottest political arena – abortion and fetal sanctity. Bravo! A brilliant read.” – Laurie Garrett, author of The Coming Plague “[Langston and Palfreman] weave a highly readable and spellbinding medical detective tale... It is as absorbing as a good mystery, as entertaining as an exciting novel, and as enlightening as a good biography.” – Stanley Fahn, New England Journal of Medicine “I could not put it down... it is the lives of the ‘frozen addicts’ themselves – and the fullness with which this is presented – which makes the whole thing overwhelming.” – Oliver Sacks |
| case studies on parkinson's disease: Deep Brain Stimulation Shilpa Chitnis MD, PhD, Pravin Khemani MD, Michael S. Okun MD, 2020-06-30 DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION provides expert advice to the reader on selection guidelines and programming techniques for straight-forward as well as for challenging case management in movement and neuropsychiatric disorders. The collection offers a broad DBS experience that is delivered directly to you by leaders in neuromodulation. There are both common and uncommon case presentations and each case is accompanied by a literature review and pearls to improve your practice. The book improves fundamental DBS techniques as well as expands the skills necessary for troubleshooting more difficult presentations. The case-based problem-solving approach makes this a fun and practical read. |
| case studies on parkinson's disease: Smart Health Xiaolong Zheng, Daniel Zeng, Hsinchun Chen, Yong Zhang, Chunxiao Xing, Daniel B. Neill, 2014-08-04 This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Conference for Smart Health, ICSH 2014, held in Beijing, China, in July 2014. The 21 papers presented together with 4 extended abstracts were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on information sharing, integrating and extraction; health data analysis and management; clinical and medical data mining; and clinical practice and medical monitoring. |
| case studies on parkinson's disease: Diagnosis and Treatment of Parkinson's Disease Cindy Levine, 2003-01-01 |
| case studies on parkinson's disease: Non-Motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease K. Ray Chaudhuri, Eduardo Tolosa, Anthony Henry Vernon Schapira, W. Poewe, 2014 Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) are known to suffer from motor symptoms of the disease, but they also experience non-motor symptoms (NMS) that are often present before diagnosis or that inevitably emerge with disease progression. The motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease have been extensively researched, and effective clinical tools for their assessment and treatment have been developed and are readily available. In contrast, researchers have only recently begun to focus on the NMS of Parkinson's Disease, which are poorly recognized and inadequately treated by clinicians. The NMS of PD have a significant impact on patient quality of life and mortality and include neuropsychiatric, sleep-related, autonomic, gastrointestinal, and sensory symptoms. While some NMS can be improved with currently available treatments, others may be more refractory and will require research into novel (non-dopaminergic) drug therapies for the future. Edited by members of the UK Parkinson's Disease Non-Motor Group (PD-NMG) and with contributions from international experts, this new edition summarizes the current understanding of NMS symptoms in Parkinson's disease and points the way towards future research. |
| case studies on parkinson's disease: Ending Parkinson's Disease Ray Dorsey, Todd Sherer, Michael S. Okun, Bastiaan R. Bloem, 2020-03-17 In this must-read guide (Lonnie Ali), four leading doctors and advocates offer a bold action plan to prevent, care for, and treat Parkinson's disease-one of the great health challenges of our time. Brain diseases are now the world's leading source of disability. The fastest growing of these is Parkinson's: the number of impacted patients has doubled to more than six million over the last twenty-five years and is projected to double again by 2040. Harmful pesticides that increase the risk of Parkinson's continue to proliferate, many people remain undiagnosed and untreated, research funding stagnates, and the most effective treatment is now a half century old. In Ending Parkinson's Disease, four top experts provide a plan to help prevent Parkinson's, improve care and treatment, and end the silence associated with this devastating disease. |
| case studies on parkinson's disease: Parkinson's Disease and the Family Nutan Sharma, Elaine Richman, 2009-06-30 Too often, with Parkinson's disease, a loved one serves as medical interpreter, patient advocate, and caregiver. Sharma and Richman draw on the latest research and clinical practice techniques to offer valuable suggestions for managing patient care and, perhaps more important, for healing the family unit. |
| case studies on parkinson's disease: Neuropsychiatry Case Studies Josef Priller, Hugh Rickards, 2017-02-14 This book comprises succinct, accessible clinical cases in neuropsychiatry. Each clinical case has a specific and practical learning point, concerned with assessment, diagnosis, treatment or general approach. Each case models clinical reasoning and shows how the 'puzzle' in the case changed the future practice of the author. Neuropsychiatry Case Studies is divided into sections relating to specific areas of neuropsychiatry, including dementias, movement disorders, autoimmune encephalopathies and epilepsy, amongst others. This book is aimed at trainee doctors in neurology and psychiatry and will also be of interest to fully trained doctors, nurses, psychologists and other allied health professionals working in this area. |
| case studies on parkinson's disease: Pharmacy Case Studies Soraya Dhillon, Rebekah Raymond, 2009 Knowledge gained within the individual areas of law and ethics, pharmaceutics, pharmacology and pathology are tested by each example, bringing together all areas taught on the degree course. Each chapter contains five case studies, starting with uncomplicated cases and increasing in complexity as they expand. |
| case studies on parkinson's disease: Parkinson's Disease Patrik Verstreken, 2016-12-19 Parkinson's Disease: Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Pathology explores the molecular pathways at the basis of the cellular defects connected to Parkinson's disease, the second most common neurodegenerative disease, and the most common movement disorder. This book presents the latest research on the pathways and mechanisms that have been discovered to play a role in Parkinson's pathology. This focus on mechanisms rather than individual genes allows the contributors to elaborate on overlapping and joint functions of different causative genes. Readers will find descriptions of model systems that present parallels (and differences) between discoveries in different species, demonstrating the importance of multidisciplinary research that spans a broad array of technologies and model organisms. Written from both a cross-methodology and cross-species perspective, the book provides readers with the current state of knowledge on the molecular biology of Parkinson's. - Written by experts in the field that focus on pathways and mechanisms implicated in Parkinson's pathology - Draws parallels between multidisciplinary discoveries in different model organisms using an array of technologies - Provides a cross-methodology and cross-species approach to understanding the molecular biology of Parkinson's disease - Includes approximately 25 color Illustrations and diagrams to explain concepts and models - Focuses on key pathways and mechanisms (as opposed to model organism or gene) to provide a multidisciplinary approach to Parkinson's disease |
| case studies on parkinson's disease: Marsden's Book of Movement Disorders Ivan Donaldson, C. David Marsden, Susanne Schneider, Kailash Bhatia, 2012-03-29 This book represents the final work of the late Professor C. David Marsden, who was the most influential figure in the field of movement disorders, in terms of his contributions to both research and clinical practice, in the modern era. It was conceived and written by David Marsden and his colleague at the Institute of Neurology, Prof. Ivan Donaldson. It was their intention that this would be the most comprehensive book on movement disorders and also that it would serve as the 'clinical Bible' for the management of these conditions. It provides a masterly survey of the entire topic, which has been made possible only by vast laboratory and bedside experience. Marsden's Book of Movement Disorders covers the full breadth of movement disorders, from the underlying anatomy and understanding of basal ganglia function to the diagnosis and management of specific movement disorders, including the more common conditions such as Parkinson's Disease through to rare, and very rare conditions such as Niemann-Pick disease. Chapters follow a structured format with historical overviews, definitions, clinical features, differential diagnosis, investigations and treatment covered in a structured way. It is extensively illustrated with many original photographs and diagrams of historical significance. Among these illustrations are still images of some original film clips of some of Dr. Marsden's patients published here for the first time. Comprehensively referenced and updated by experts from the Institute of Neurology at Queen Square, this book is a valuable reference for, not just movement disorder specialists and researchers, but also for clinicians who care for patients with movement disorders. |
| case studies on parkinson's disease: Parkinson's Disease William J. Weiner, Lisa M. Shulman, Anthony E. Lang, 2006-11-13 Recent innovations, including deep brain stimulation and new medications, have significantly improved the lives of people with Parkinson’s disease. Nevertheless, medical, emotional, and physical challenges remain. The second edition of this accessible and comprehensive guide provides crucial information for managing this complex condition, including details on the use of medications, diet, exercise, complementary therapies, and surgery. The second edition includes new information about: • The genetic and hereditary pattern of the disease • Medications and uses of established medications • Other approaches to treating the symptoms of Parkinson’s • Juvenile-onset Parkinson’s disease • Normal pressure hydrocephalus • The effects of fluctuating hormones on disease symptoms • Fetal cell transplants and porcine cell transplants • The nutritional supplement Co-Enzyme Q10 |
| case studies on parkinson's disease: Principles and Practice of Movement Disorders E-Book Joseph Jankovic, Mark Hallett, Stanley Fahn, 2011-08-09 Principles and Practice of Movement Disorders provides the complete, expert guidance you need to diagnose and manage these challenging conditions. Drs. Stanley Fahn, Joseph Jankovic and Mark Hallett explore all facets of these disorders, including the latest rating scales for clinical research, neurochemistry, clinical pharmacology, genetics, clinical trials, and experimental therapeutics. This edition features many new full-color images, additional coverage of pediatric disorders, updated Parkinson information, and many other valuable updates. An accompanying Expert Consult website makes the content fully searchable and contains several hundred video clips that illustrate the manifestations of all the movement disorders in the book along with their differential diagnoses. Get just the information you need for a clinical approach to diagnosis and management, with minimal emphasis on basic science. Find the answers you need quickly and easily thanks to a reader-friendly full-color format, with plentiful diagrams, photographs, and tables. Apply the latest advances to diagnosis and treatment of pediatric movement disorders, Parkinson disease, and much more. View the characteristic presentation of each disorder with a complete collection of professional-quality, narrated videos online. Better visualize every concept with new full-color illustrations throughout. Search the complete text online, follow links to PubMed abstracts, and download all of the illustrations, at www.expertconsult.com. |
| case studies on parkinson's disease: Parkinson's Disease Abraham N. Lieberman, 1993-02 A guide for Parkinson patients and their caregivers that addresses the body and the spirit. |
| case studies on parkinson's disease: Meta-Ethnography George W. Noblit, R. Dwight Hare, 1988-02 How can ethnographic studies be generalized, in contrast to concentrating on the individual case? Noblit and Hare propose a new method for synthesizing from qualitative studies: meta-ethnography. After citing the criteria to be used in comparing qualitative research projects, the authors define the ways these can then be aggregated to create more cogent syntheses of research. Using examples from numerous studies ranging from ethnographic work in educational settings to the Mead-Freeman controversy over Samoan youth, Meta-Ethnography offers useful procedural advice from both comparative and cumulative analyses of qualitative data. This provocative volume will be read with interest by researchers and students in qualitative research methods, ethnography, education, sociology, and anthropology. After defining metaphor and synthesis, these authors provide a step-by-step program that will allow the researcher to show similarity (reciprocal translation), difference (refutation), or similarity at a higher level (lines or argument synthesis) among sample studies....Contain(s) valuable strategies at a seldom-used level of analysis. --Contemporary Sociology The authors made an important contribution by reframing how we think of ethnography comparison in a way that is compatible with the new developments in interpretive ethnography. Meta-Ethnography is well worth consulting for the problem definition it offers. --The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease This book had to be written and I am pleased it was. Someone needed to break the ice and offer a strategy for summarizing multiple ethnographic studies. Noblit and Hare have done a commendable job of giving the research community one approach for doing so. Further, no one else can now venture into this area of synthesizing qualitative studies without making references to and positioning themselves vis-a-vis this volume. -Educational Studies |
| case studies on parkinson's disease: Clinical Case Studies for the Family Nurse Practitioner Leslie Neal-Boylan, 2011-11-28 Clinical Case Studies for the Family Nurse Practitioner is a key resource for advanced practice nurses and graduate students seeking to test their skills in assessing, diagnosing, and managing cases in family and primary care. Composed of more than 70 cases ranging from common to unique, the book compiles years of experience from experts in the field. It is organized chronologically, presenting cases from neonatal to geriatric care in a standard approach built on the SOAP format. This includes differential diagnosis and a series of critical thinking questions ideal for self-assessment or classroom use. |
| case studies on parkinson's disease: Neurorehabilitation in Parkinson's Disease Marilyn Trail, Elizabeth Protas, Eugene C. Lai, 2008 'Neurorehabilitation in Parkinson's Disease' serves as a reference for the treatment of patients with Parkinson's disease. In addition to providing treatment models for physical therapy, occupational therapy, & speech-language pathology, the text covers topics such as review of pathophysiology, & symptomatology. |
| case studies on parkinson's disease: Case Studies in Applied Bayesian Data Science Kerrie L. Mengersen, Pierre Pudlo, Christian P. Robert, 2020-05-28 Presenting a range of substantive applied problems within Bayesian Statistics along with their Bayesian solutions, this book arises from a research program at CIRM in France in the second semester of 2018, which supported Kerrie Mengersen as a visiting Jean-Morlet Chair and Pierre Pudlo as the local Research Professor. The field of Bayesian statistics has exploded over the past thirty years and is now an established field of research in mathematical statistics and computer science, a key component of data science, and an underpinning methodology in many domains of science, business and social science. Moreover, while remaining naturally entwined, the three arms of Bayesian statistics, namely modelling, computation and inference, have grown into independent research fields. While the research arms of Bayesian statistics continue to grow in many directions, they are harnessed when attention turns to solving substantive applied problems. Each such problem set has its own challenges and hence draws from the suite of research a bespoke solution. The book will be useful for both theoretical and applied statisticians, as well as practitioners, to inspect these solutions in the context of the problems, in order to draw further understanding, awareness and inspiration. |
| case studies on parkinson's disease: The Complete Guide for People With Parkinson’s Disease and Their Loved Ones Lianna Marie, 2020-10-15 A diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease is as disorienting as it is devastating. The Complete Guide for People With Parkinson’s Disease and Their Loved Ones helps make sense of what comes next and what can be done, not just for those suffering from the disease but for their family and friends as well. A trained nurse and primary caregiver for her mother, who was diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease in 1991, Lianna Marie draws upon over twenty years of education, research, and direct experience. Written in straightforward and easily accessible language, this essential guide aims to help patients better understand their role in their treatment so that they may continue to lead happy and hopeful lives. Topics covered include nutrition and exercise, alternative and complementary therapies, medication and treatment, and what caregivers can do to help. Written by an international expert on Parkinson’s who has confronted the disease firsthand, The Complete Guide serves as the go-to book for comprehensive, easy-to-understand information for all Parkinson’s patients and their loved ones. |
| case studies on parkinson's disease: Movement Disorders: A Video Atlas Roongroj Bhidayasiri, Daniel Tarsy, 2012-07-04 Movement Disorders: A Video Atlas is a practical and concise title offering an introduction to the field of movement disorders, which is expanding rapidly with the involvement of various disciplines and specialties. The unique feature of the book is the accompanying video content, comprising common cases in each category of movement disorders. The video clips come from Dr. Tarsy’s personal video collection at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Dr. Bhidayasiri's personal collection at Chulalongkorn University and UCLA. The videos can be found at www.springerimages.com/Tarsy. Each case includes expert narration from Dr. Tarsy. Rather than focusing on rare cases, the authors emphasize typical cases, with good history and physical signs. Unique, easy to read, with highly instructive supporting video content, Movement Disorders: A Video Atlas is an indispensable reference for all clinicians interested in the fascinating field of movement disorders |
| case studies on parkinson's disease: Handbook of Emotional Disorders in Later Life Ken Laidlaw, Bob Knight, 2008 Although the perceptions and realities of ageing have changed markedly over the last few decades, for practitioners working with older people, emotional problems remain a major factor of health and happiness in later life. This handbook provides a concise, authoritative and up to date guide to best practice in therapy for older people, for a wide range of mental health professionals. The editors bring together chapters by experienced trainers and clinicians that cover all the significant problems and issues in the assessment and treatment of emotional disorders in later life. The introductory chapters examine the individual, social, cultural and physical experience of ageing, and provide an essential background for a caring and professional understanding of related emotional disorders and their effective treatment. Throughout the book, key research and clinical experience is reported as underlying evidence based treatment, but the emphasis is on practical guidance for assessment and interventions, rather than detailed discussion of methodological issues. With each chapter written by a specialist in their field, a range of expertise is provided in a single source, making this book an invaluable resource for anyone dealing with the mental health needs of older people. |
| case studies on parkinson's disease: Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2) Hardy J. Rideout, 2017-03-28 This is the first book to assemble the leading researchers in the field of LRRK2 biology and neurology and provide a snapshot of the current state of knowledge, encompassing all major aspects of its function and dysfunction. The contributors are experts in cell biology and physiology, neurobiology, and medicinal chemistry, bringing a multidisciplinary perspective on the gene and its role in disease. The book covers the identification of LRRK2 as a major contributor to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. It also discusses the current state of the field after a decade of research, putative normal physiological roles of LRRK2, and the various pathways that have been identified in the search for the mechanism(s) of its induction of neurodegeneration. |
| case studies on parkinson's disease: Clinical Nuclear Medicine in Neurology Andrea Varrone, Silvia Morbelli, Valentina Garibotto, 2021-11-10 This book gathers a collection of cases with challenging diagnoses, in which nuclear medicine examinations have been particularly helpful in terms of the final diagnosis or follow-up. The cases presented chiefly involve patients with neurodegenerative disorders, epilepsy and brain tumors. The book is intended for nuclear medicine specialists as well as clinicians, offering essential guidance on the interpretation of neurology cases in the clinical setting, particularly with regard to correctly interpreting diagnostic imaging procedures. The authors were selected from the members of the Neuroimaging Committee of the EANM and have extensive experience as clinicians and teachers within the Nuclear Medicine Community. |
| case studies on parkinson's disease: Case Studies in Rehabilitation Patricia A. Ghikas, Michele Clopper, 2001 Case Studies in Rehabilitation is a series of case studies compiled into one reference text for the student. This necessary textbook will allow the reader to analyze real-life examples of individuals with a variety of diagnoses and to develop clinical reasoning skills. A variety of cases are presented in Case Studies in Rehabilitation covering myriad topics such as orthopedics, neurology, rheumatology, and oncology. These case studies represent the primary adult pathologies, impairments, and functional limitations seen by clinicians. The case studies will also allow the reader to focus on the concept of disability for an individual when developing a comprehensive plan of care. The user-friendly format allows the user to choose from one of the many topics for practice in developing treatment plans, case analysis or to focus on one area of practice. An important function of this book is that it allows for the integration of didactic learning and hands-on practice when patients are not readily available. All case studies are presented in a narrative format with accompanying forms that are frequently encountered in clinical practice. Case Studies in Rehabilitation will also help students as they learn to interact with the patients they will be treating in their future careers. This text will allow them to fine-tune their skills in dealing with a variety of different patients and cases and indicate how to handle each individual case in the best possible matter. |
| case studies on parkinson's disease: Run in the Light John Mitrofanis, 2019-08-05 Parkinson's disease is a neurological disorder with cardinal motor signs of resting tremor, bradykinesia and lead-pipe rigidity. In addition, many patients display non-motor symptoms, including a diminished sensation of smell, gastrointestinal problems, various disorders of sleep and some cognitive impairment. These clinical features - particularly the motor signs - manifest after a progressive death of many dopaminergic neurones in the brain. Although currently available, conventional therapies can reduce the signs of the disease, the progression of this neuronal death has proved difficult to slow or stop, and the condition is relentlessly progressive. Hence, there is a real need to develop a treatment that is neuroprotective, one that slows the pathology of the disease effectively. At present, there are several neuroprotective therapies in the experimental pipeline, but these are for the patients of tomorrow. This book focuses on two therapies that are readily available for the patients of today. They involve the use of exercise and light (i.e. photobiomodulation, the use of red to infrared light therapy (λ=600-1070nm) on body tissues). The two therapies are tied together in several ways. First, in animal models of Parkinson's disease, they each have been shown to offer the key feature of neuroprotection, stimulating a series of built-in protective mechanisms within the neurones, that helps their survival, to self-protect and/or self-repair. There are also some promising indications of neuroprotection and many beneficial outcomes in parkinsonian patients. Further, both exercise and light therapies are similar in that they are non-invasive and safe to use, with no known adverse side-effects, making their combination with the conventional therapies, such as dopamine replacement drug therapy and deep brain stimulation, all the more feasible. Given the heterogeneity of Parkinson's disease in humans, tackling the condition from a range of different angles - with a number of different therapies - would only serve to enhance the positive outcomes. This book considers the use of exercise and light therapies, proposing that they have the potential to make a powerful dynamic duo, offering a most effective neuroprotective treatment option to patients. |
| case studies on parkinson's disease: Surgery for Parkinson's Disease Robert R. Goodman, 2019-01-16 Deep brain stimulation for the treatment of patients with Parkinson’s disease was introduced in the 1990s. Initially performed only at academic centers, over the past decade it has become a widespread surgical procedure. A variety of surgical techniques are employed and innovations are introduced frequently. This book is an ideal source of information for the many practicing neurosurgeons who did not learn this surgery during their training but would now like to add it to their practice, as well as an excellent update on exciting new developments in surgery for Parkinson’s disease. This book is designed to provide practicing neurosurgeons with current knowledge on the practical aspects of surgical treatment of patients with Parkinson’s disease. It explains how to identify surgical candidates and determine the optimal surgery, describes the various surgical techniques that are currently employed, and offers insights into how to optimize deep brain stimulation therapy after implantation. The keys to avoidance of surgical complications are carefully elucidated. In addition, an overview is provided of potential advances on the near-term horizon, including closed-loop deep brain stimulation, gene therapy, and optogenetics. All topics are covered by experienced Parkinson’s disease surgeons, in a concise and digestable format. The book will be an ideal source of information for the many practicing neurosurgeons who would like to add deep brain stimulation to their practice, as well as an excellent update on new developments in surgery for Parkinson’s disease. |
| case studies on parkinson's disease: Deep Brain Stimulation Management William J. Marks, Jr, 2015-09-03 Essential reference guide for clinicians working with DBS patients, fully revised throughout with new chapters on epilepsy and psychiatric disorders. |
| case studies on parkinson's disease: Parkinson's Disease National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke, 1976 |
| case studies on parkinson's disease: Recent Developments in Parkinson's Disease Stanley Fahn, 1986 |
| case studies on parkinson's disease: Levodopa pharmacokinetics -from stomach to brain Maria Nord, 2019-01-07 Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders and it is caused by a loss of dopamine (DA) producing neurons in the basal ganglia in the brain. The PD patient suffers from motor symptoms such as tremor, bradykinesia and rigidity and treatment with levodopa (LD), the precursor of DA, has positive effects on these symptoms. Several factors affect the availability of orally given LD. Gastric emptying (GE) is one factor and it has been shown to be delayed in PD patients resulting in impaired levodopa uptake. Different enzymes metabolize LD on its way from the gut to the brain resulting in less LD available in the brain and more side effects from the metabolites. By adding dopa decarboxylase inhibitors (carbidopa or benserazide) or COMT-inhibitors (e.g. entacapone) the bioavailability of LD increases significantly and more LD can pass the blood-brain-barrier and be converted to DA in the brain. It has been considered of importance to avoid high levodopa peaks in the brain because this seems to induce changes in postsynaptic dopaminergic neurons causing disabling motor complications in PD patients. More continuously given LD, e.g. duodenal or intravenous (IV) infusions, has been shown to improve these motor complications. Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN DBS) has also been proven to improve motor complications and to make it possible to reduce the LD dosage in PD patients. In this doctoral thesis the main purpose is to study the pharmacokinetics of LD in patients with PD and motor complications; in blood and subcutaneous tissue and study the effect of GE and PD stage on LD uptake and the effect of continuously given LD (CDS) on LD uptake and GE; in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) when adding the peripheral enzyme inhibitors entacapone and carbidopa to LD infusion IV; in brain during STN DBSand during oral or IV LD treatment. To conclude, LD uptake is more favorable in PD patients with less severe disease and GE is delayed in PD patients. No obvious relation between LD uptake and GE or between GE and PD stage is seen and CDS decreases the LD levels. Entacapone increases the maximal concentration of LD in blood and CSF. This is more evident with additional carbidopa and important to consider in avoiding high LD peaks in brain during PD treatment. LD in brain increases during both oral and IV LD treatment and the DA levels follows LD well indicating that PD patients still have capacity to metabolize LD to DA despite probable pronounced nigral degeneration. STN DBS seems to increase putaminal DA levels and together with IV LD treatment also increases LD in brain possibly explaining why it is possible to decrease LD medication after STN DBS surgery. Parkinsons sjukdom (PS) är en av de vanligaste s.k. neurodegenerativasjukdomarna och orsakas av förlust av dopamin(DA)producerande nervceller i hjärnan. Detta orsakar motoriska symptom såsom skakningar, stelhet och förlångsammade rörelser. Levodopa (LD) är ett ämne, som kan omvandlas till DA i hjärnan och ge symptomlindring och det är oftast förstahandsval vid behandling av patienter med PS. Flera faktorer påverkar tillgängligheten av LD, bl.a. den hastighet som magsäcken tömmer sig med och denna verkar förlångsammad hos personer med PS vilket ger sämre tillgänglighet av LD i blodet och därmed i hjärnan. LD bryts även ner i hög grad av olika enzym ute i kroppen vilket leder till mindre mängd LD som hamnar i hjärnan och till fler nedbrytningsprodukter som orsakar biverkningar. Tillägg av enzymhämmare leder till ökad mängd LD som kan nå hjärnan och omvandlas till DA. Det anses viktigt att undvika höga toppar av LD i hjärnan då dessa verkar bidra till utvecklandet av besvärliga motoriska komplikationer hos patienter med PS. Om LD ges mer kontinuerligt, exempelvis som en kontinuerlig infusion in i tarmen eller i blodet, så minskar dessa motoriska komplikationer. Inopererande av stimulatorer i vissa delar av hjärnan (DBS) har också visat sig minska dessa motoriska komplikationer och även resultera i att man kan minska LD-dosen. Huvudsyftet med den här avhandlingen är att studera LD hos patienter med PS; i blod och fettvävnad då LD ges i tablettform och se om det finns något samband med LD-upptag och hastigheten på magsäckstömningen (MT) och om kontinuerligt given LD påverkar LD-upptaget eller MT; i blod och i ryggmärgsvätska då enzymhämmarna entakapon och karbidopa tillsätts LD; i hjärna vid behandling med DBS och då LD ges både som tablett och som infusion i blodet. Sammanfattningsvis kan vi se att LD-upptaget är mer gynnsamt hos patienter med PS i tidigare skede av sjukdomens komplikationsfas. MT är förlångsammad hos patienter med PS och det är inget tydligt samband mellan LD-upptag och MT eller mellan MT och sjukdomsgrad. Kontinuerligt given LD minskar LDnivåerna. Enzymhämmaren entakapon ökar den maximala koncentrationen av LD i blod och ryggmärgsvätska och effekten är mer tydlig vid tillägg av karbidopa vilket är viktigt att ta i beaktande vid behandling av PS för att undvika höga toppar av LD i hjärnan. LD ökar i hjärnan då man behandlar med LD i tablettform och som infusion i blodet och DA-nivåerna i hjärnan följer LD väl vilket visar på att patienter med PS fortfarande kan omvandla LD till DA trots trolig uttalad brist av de DA-producerande nervcellerna i hjärnan. DBS verkar öka DA i vissa områden i hjärnan och tillsammans med LD-infusion i blodet verkar det även öka LD i hjärnan och det kan förklara varför man kan sänka LDdosen efter DBS-operation. |
| case studies on parkinson's disease: Clinical Case Studies in Physiotherapy Lauren Jean Guthrie, 2008-10-09 Starting a placement or rotation in an unfamiliar clinical area is exciting but can be daunting. CLINICAL CASE STUDIES IN PHYSIOTHERAPY provides invaluable advice and practical guidance on cases and problems encountered on a daily basis allowing you to work with ease and confidence. By adopting a problem solving approach to the cases through the use of questions and answers, the authors will help you to think constructively about each case within all the key specialities of physiotherapy.Starting a placement or rotation in an unfamiliar clinical area is exciting but can be daunting. CLINICAL CASE STUDIES IN PHYSIOTHERAPY provides invaluable advice and practical guidance on cases and problems encountered on a daily basis allowing you to work with ease and confidence. By adopting a problem solving approach to the cases through the use of questions and answers, the authors will help you to think constructively about each case within all the key specialities of physiotherapy. - Hints and tips to get you ready for clinical placement - How to secure your first physiotherapy post - Case studies in the following clinical areas: respiratory, orthopaedics, neurology, musculoskeletal out-patients, care of the elderly, mental health and womens health - Cases covering paediatrics also included |
| case studies on parkinson's disease: Psychiatry of Parkinson's Disease K. P. Ebmeier, John T. O'Brien, John-Paul Taylor, 2012-01-01 A state-of-the-art review on psychiatric syndromes common in Parkinson's disease Psychiatric symptoms are common in the neurological and geriatric care of patients with Parkinson's disease. This book assembles short reviews from experts in the field to chart the various psychiatric syndromes known in Parkinson's disease, their presentation, etiology and management. Presented are special topics on epidemiology of psychiatric symptoms, affective disorders and apathy, early cognitive impairment through to dementia, visuoperceptual dysfunction, psychotic disorders, sleep disturbances, impulse disorders and sexual problems. Further, rarely discussed issues, such as the relationship between somatoform disorders and parkinsonism are reviewed. This publication is essential reading for old age psychiatrists, gerontologists and neurologists who work with patients suffering from Parkinson's disease. In addition, health practitioners who deal with senior patients, as well as scientists who need a quick update on the progress in this important clinical field will find this volume a helpful reference. |
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