| case-control study odds ratio: Epidemiology and Biostatistics Bryan Kestenbaum, 2018-10-12 This workbook is designed to teach the major fundamental concepts in Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and clinical research design alongside the textbook Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 2nd Edition. It is written in concise and organized fashion with many examples to illustrate the concepts deriving from a collection of written materials created to teach Epidemiology and Biostatistics to medical students. The major differences from related titles include a “story” based approach toward teaching the material, relative brevity while maintaining focus on key concepts, and taking the perspective of first-time learners (avoiding and/or clearly defining jargon, using clear common-sense language). It features a variety of questions: long, short, and multiple choice questions. The workbook is made to provide students with the tools necessary to form their own informed conclusions from the clinical research literature. |
| case-control study odds ratio: Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health Roger Detels, Martin Gulliford, Quarraisha Abdool Karim, Chorh Chuan Tan, 2017 Sixth edition of the hugely successful, internationally recognised textbook on global public health and epidemiology, with 3 volumes comprehensively covering the scope, methods, and practice of the discipline |
| case-control study odds ratio: A Pocket Guide to Epidemiology David G. Kleinbaum, Kevin M. Sullivan, Nancy D. Barker, 2007-03-11 In the nearly three years since the publication of the ActivEpi companion text, the authors received several suggestions to produce an abbreviated version that narrows the discussion to the most essential principals and methods. A Pocket Guide to Epidemiology contains less than half as many pages as the ActivEpi Companion Text and is a stand-alone introductory text on the basic principals and concepts of epidemiology. |
| case-control study odds ratio: Modern Epidemiology Kenneth J. Rothman, Sander Greenland, Timothy L. Lash, 2008 The thoroughly revised and updated Third Edition of the acclaimed Modern Epidemiology reflects both the conceptual development of this evolving science and the increasingly focal role that epidemiology plays in dealing with public health and medical problems. Coauthored by three leading epidemiologists, with sixteen additional contributors, this Third Edition is the most comprehensive and cohesive text on the principles and methods of epidemiologic research. The book covers a broad range of concepts and methods, such as basic measures of disease frequency and associations, study design, field methods, threats to validity, and assessing precision. It also covers advanced topics in data analysis such as Bayesian analysis, bias analysis, and hierarchical regression. Chapters examine specific areas of research such as disease surveillance, ecologic studies, social epidemiology, infectious disease epidemiology, genetic and molecular epidemiology, nutritional epidemiology, environmental epidemiology, reproductive epidemiology, and clinical epidemiology. |
| case-control study odds ratio: Smart Health Choices Les Irwig, 2008 Every day we make decisions about our health - some big and some small. What we eat, how we live and even where we live can affect our health. But how can we be sure that the advice we are given about these important matters is right for us? This book will provide you with the right tools for assessing health advice. |
| case-control study odds ratio: Foundations of Epidemiology Marit L. Bovbjerg, 2020-10 Foundations of Epidemiology is an open access, introductory epidemiology text intended for students and practitioners in public or allied health fields. It covers epidemiologic thinking, causality, incidence and prevalence, public health surveillance, epidemiologic study designs and why we care about which one is used, measures of association, random error and bias, confounding and effect modification, and screening. Concepts are illustrated with numerous examples drawn from contemporary and historical public health issues. |
| case-control study odds ratio: Applications of Regression Models in Epidemiology Erick Suárez, Cynthia M. Pérez, Roberto Rivera, Melissa N. Martínez, 2017-02-28 A one-stop guide for public health students and practitioners learning the applications of classical regression models in epidemiology This book is written for public health professionals and students interested in applying regression models in the field of epidemiology. The academic material is usually covered in public health courses including (i) Applied Regression Analysis, (ii) Advanced Epidemiology, and (iii) Statistical Computing. The book is composed of 13 chapters, including an introduction chapter that covers basic concepts of statistics and probability. Among the topics covered are linear regression model, polynomial regression model, weighted least squares, methods for selecting the best regression equation, and generalized linear models and their applications to different epidemiological study designs. An example is provided in each chapter that applies the theoretical aspects presented in that chapter. In addition, exercises are included and the final chapter is devoted to the solutions of these academic exercises with answers in all of the major statistical software packages, including STATA, SAS, SPSS, and R. It is assumed that readers of this book have a basic course in biostatistics, epidemiology, and introductory calculus. The book will be of interest to anyone looking to understand the statistical fundamentals to support quantitative research in public health. In addition, this book: • Is based on the authors’ course notes from 20 years teaching regression modeling in public health courses • Provides exercises at the end of each chapter • Contains a solutions chapter with answers in STATA, SAS, SPSS, and R • Provides real-world public health applications of the theoretical aspects contained in the chapters Applications of Regression Models in Epidemiology is a reference for graduate students in public health and public health practitioners. ERICK SUÁREZ is a Professor of the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology at the University of Puerto Rico School of Public Health. He received a Ph.D. degree in Medical Statistics from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. He has 29 years of experience teaching biostatistics. CYNTHIA M. PÉREZ is a Professor of the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology at the University of Puerto Rico School of Public Health. She received an M.S. degree in Statistics and a Ph.D. degree in Epidemiology from Purdue University. She has 22 years of experience teaching epidemiology and biostatistics. ROBERTO RIVERA is an Associate Professor at the College of Business at the University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez. He received a Ph.D. degree in Statistics from the University of California in Santa Barbara. He has more than five years of experience teaching statistics courses at the undergraduate and graduate levels. MELISSA N. MARTÍNEZ is an Account Supervisor at Havas Media International. She holds an MPH in Biostatistics from the University of Puerto Rico and an MSBA from the National University in San Diego, California. For the past seven years, she has been performing analyses for the biomedical research and media advertising fields. |
| case-control study odds ratio: Critical Appraisal of Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials Mark Elwood, 2007-02-22 This book presents a logical system of critical appraisal, to allow readers to evaluate studies and to carry out their own studies more effectively. This system emphasizes the central importance of cause and effect relationships. Its great strength is that it is applicable to a wide range of issues, and both to intervention trials and observational studies. This system unifies the often different approaches used in epidemiology, health services research, clinical trials, and evidence-based medicine, starting from a logical consideration of cause and effect. The author's approach to the issues of study design, selection of subjects, bias, confounding, and the place of statistical methods has been praised for its clarity and interest. Systematic reviews, meta-analysis, and the applications of this logic to evidence-based medicine, knowledge-based health care, and health practice and policy are discussed. Current and often controversial examples are used, including screening for prostate cancer, publication bias in psychiatry, public health issues in developing countries, and conflicts between observational studies and randomized trials. Statistical issues are explained clearly without complex mathematics, and the most useful methods are summarized in the appendix. The final chapters give six applications of the critical appraisal of major studies: randomized trials of medical treatment and prevention, a prospective and a retrospective cohort study, a small matched case-control study, and a large case-control study. In these chapters, sections of the original papers are reproduced and the original studies placed in context by a summary of current developments. |
| case-control study odds ratio: Cancer Screening Barnett S. Kramer, John K. Gohagan, Philip C. Prorok, 1999-05-06 This useful reference provides solid knowledge of the risks and benefits associated with the cancer screening process, assesses abnormal results and therapeutic outcomes, and facilitates the communication of these issues to patients. Describes screening tests from individual, health care, ethical, legal, and regulatory perpectives! Gathering insights from over 35 international experts in the field, Cancer Screening details the screening procedures available for a wide variety of cancers offers a practical approach to screening implementation for a number of cancer sites discusses the explicit methodology of judging screening tests reports screening recommendations from various organizations analyzes the strengths and hazards of current screening procedures as well as the quality of supporting evidence appraises the utility of screening tests versus other health care strategies presents a basis for judging future screening technologies such as genetic testing and more! Including over 1300 references, tables, and figures, Cancer Screening is an indispensable guide for basic and clinical oncologists, internists and family practitioners, gynecologists, public health physicians, health policy specialists, health economists, health educators, prevention and early detection advocates, epidemiologists, biometricians, statisticians, and medical school and graduate students in these disciplines. |
| case-control study odds ratio: The Statistical Evaluation of Medical Tests for Classification and Prediction Margaret Sullivan Pepe, 2003-03-13 This book describes statistical techniques for the design and evaluation of research studies on medical diagnostic tests, screening tests, biomarkers and new technologies for classification and prediction in medicine. |
| case-control study odds ratio: Developing a Protocol for Observational Comparative Effectiveness Research: A User's Guide Agency for Health Care Research and Quality (U.S.), 2013-02-21 This User’s Guide is a resource for investigators and stakeholders who develop and review observational comparative effectiveness research protocols. It explains how to (1) identify key considerations and best practices for research design; (2) build a protocol based on these standards and best practices; and (3) judge the adequacy and completeness of a protocol. Eleven chapters cover all aspects of research design, including: developing study objectives, defining and refining study questions, addressing the heterogeneity of treatment effect, characterizing exposure, selecting a comparator, defining and measuring outcomes, and identifying optimal data sources. Checklists of guidance and key considerations for protocols are provided at the end of each chapter. The User’s Guide was created by researchers affiliated with AHRQ’s Effective Health Care Program, particularly those who participated in AHRQ’s DEcIDE (Developing Evidence to Inform Decisions About Effectiveness) program. Chapters were subject to multiple internal and external independent reviews. More more information, please consult the Agency website: www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov) |
| case-control study odds ratio: Case-Control Studies Ruth H. Keogh, D. R. Cox, 2014-03-06 The case-control approach is a powerful method for investigating factors that may explain a particular event. It is extensively used in epidemiology to study disease incidence, one of the best-known examples being Bradford Hill and Doll's investigation of the possible connection between cigarette smoking and lung cancer. More recently, case-control studies have been increasingly used in other fields, including sociology and econometrics. With a particular focus on statistical analysis, this book is ideal for applied and theoretical statisticians wanting an up-to-date introduction to the field. It covers the fundamentals of case-control study design and analysis as well as more recent developments, including two-stage studies, case-only studies and methods for case-control sampling in time. The latter have important applications in large prospective cohorts which require case-control sampling designs to make efficient use of resources. More theoretical background is provided in an appendix for those new to the field. |
| case-control study odds ratio: Applying Quantitative Bias Analysis to Epidemiologic Data Timothy L. Lash, Matthew P. Fox, Aliza K. Fink, 2011-04-14 Bias analysis quantifies the influence of systematic error on an epidemiology study’s estimate of association. The fundamental methods of bias analysis in epi- miology have been well described for decades, yet are seldom applied in published presentations of epidemiologic research. More recent advances in bias analysis, such as probabilistic bias analysis, appear even more rarely. We suspect that there are both supply-side and demand-side explanations for the scarcity of bias analysis. On the demand side, journal reviewers and editors seldom request that authors address systematic error aside from listing them as limitations of their particular study. This listing is often accompanied by explanations for why the limitations should not pose much concern. On the supply side, methods for bias analysis receive little attention in most epidemiology curriculums, are often scattered throughout textbooks or absent from them altogether, and cannot be implemented easily using standard statistical computing software. Our objective in this text is to reduce these supply-side barriers, with the hope that demand for quantitative bias analysis will follow. |
| case-control study odds ratio: Pediatric Board Study Guide Osama Naga, 2015-03-27 Covers the most frequently asked and tested points on the pediatric board exam. Each chapter offers a quick review of specific diseases and conditions clinicians need to know during the patient encounter. Easy-to-use and comprehensive, clinicians will find this guide to be the ideal final resource needed before taking the pediatric board exam. |
| case-control study odds ratio: Clinical Epidemiology R. Brian Haynes, 2012-03-29 The Third Edition of this popular text focuses on clinical-practice research methods. It is written by clinicians with experience in generating and answering researchable questions about real-world clinical practice and health care—the prevention, treatment, diagnosis, prognosis, and causes of diseases, the measurement of quality of life, and the effects of innovations in health services. The book has a problem-oriented and protocol-based approach and is written at an introductory level, emphasizing key principles and their applications. A bound-in CD-ROM contains the full text of the book to help the reader locate needed information. |
| case-control study odds ratio: Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Julian P. T. Higgins, Sally Green, 2008-11-24 Healthcare providers, consumers, researchers and policy makers are inundated with unmanageable amounts of information, including evidence from healthcare research. It has become impossible for all to have the time and resources to find, appraise and interpret this evidence and incorporate it into healthcare decisions. Cochrane Reviews respond to this challenge by identifying, appraising and synthesizing research-based evidence and presenting it in a standardized format, published in The Cochrane Library (www.thecochranelibrary.com). The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions contains methodological guidance for the preparation and maintenance of Cochrane intervention reviews. Written in a clear and accessible format, it is the essential manual for all those preparing, maintaining and reading Cochrane reviews. Many of the principles and methods described here are appropriate for systematic reviews applied to other types of research and to systematic reviews of interventions undertaken by others. It is hoped therefore that this book will be invaluable to all those who want to understand the role of systematic reviews, critically appraise published reviews or perform reviews themselves. |
| case-control study odds ratio: Doing Meta-Analysis with R Mathias Harrer, Pim Cuijpers, Toshi A. Furukawa, David D. Ebert, 2021-09-15 Doing Meta-Analysis with R: A Hands-On Guide serves as an accessible introduction on how meta-analyses can be conducted in R. Essential steps for meta-analysis are covered, including calculation and pooling of outcome measures, forest plots, heterogeneity diagnostics, subgroup analyses, meta-regression, methods to control for publication bias, risk of bias assessments and plotting tools. Advanced but highly relevant topics such as network meta-analysis, multi-three-level meta-analyses, Bayesian meta-analysis approaches and SEM meta-analysis are also covered. A companion R package, dmetar, is introduced at the beginning of the guide. It contains data sets and several helper functions for the meta and metafor package used in the guide. The programming and statistical background covered in the book are kept at a non-expert level, making the book widely accessible. Features • Contains two introductory chapters on how to set up an R environment and do basic imports/manipulations of meta-analysis data, including exercises • Describes statistical concepts clearly and concisely before applying them in R • Includes step-by-step guidance through the coding required to perform meta-analyses, and a companion R package for the book |
| case-control study odds ratio: A History of Epidemiologic Methods and Concepts Alfredo Morabia, 2005-11-15 Methods, just as diseases or scientists, have their own history. It is important for scientists to be aware of the genesis of the methods they use and of the context in which they were developed. A History of Epidemiologic Methods and Concepts is based on a collection of contributions which appeared in SPM International Journal of Public Health, starting in January 2001. The contributions focus on the historical emergence of current epidemiological methods and their relative importance at different points in time, rather than on specific achievements of epidemiology in controlling plagues such as cholera, tuberculosis, malaria, typhoid fever, or lung cancer. The papers present the design of prospective and retrospective studies, and the concepts of bias, confounding, and interaction. The compilation of articles is complemented by an introduction and comments by Prof. Alfredo Morabia which puts them in the context of current epidemiological research. |
| case-control study odds ratio: Polyphenols: Prevention and Treatment of Human Disease Ronald Ross Watson, Victor R Preedy, Sherma Zibadi, 2018-08-06 Polyphenols in Prevention and Treatment of Human Disease, Second Edition authoritatively covers evidence of the powerful health benefits of polyphenols, touching on cardiovascular disease, cancer, obesity, diabetes and osteoporosis. This collection represents the contributions of an international group of experts in polyphenol research who share their expertise in endocrinology, public health, cardiology, pharmacology, agriculture and veterinary science. Researchers from diverse backgrounds will gain insight into how clinical observations and practices can feed back into the research cycle, thus allowing them to develop more targeted insights into the mechanisms of disease. This reference fills a void in research where nutritionists and alternative therapies may be applicable. - Describes polyphenol modulation of blood flow and oxygenation as a potential mechanism of protection against vascular atherosclerosis - Describes how polyphenols and antioxidants frequently change immune defenses and actions - Focuses on the most important areas of research and provides insights into their relationships and translational opportunities |
| case-control study odds ratio: Epidemiology for the Uninitiated David Coggon, David Barker, Geoffrey Rose, 2009-02-05 This perennial bestseller is an ideal introductions to epidemiology in health care. The fifith editon retains the book's simplicity and brevity, at the same time providing the reader with the core elements of epidemiology needed in health care practice and research. The text has been revised throughout, with new examples introduced to bring the book right up to date. |
| case-control study odds ratio: Adverse Effects of Pertussis and Rubella Vaccines Institute of Medicine, Committee to Review the Adverse Consequences of Pertussis and RubellaVaccines, 1991-02-01 Parents have come to depend on vaccines to protect their children from a variety of diseases. Some evidence suggests, however, that vaccination against pertussis (whooping cough) and rubella (German measles) is, in a small number of cases, associated with increased risk of serious illness. This book examines the controversy over the evidence and offers a comprehensively documented assessment of the risk of illness following immunization with vaccines against pertussis and rubella. Based on extensive review of the evidence from epidemiologic studies, case histories, studies in animals, and other sources of information, the book examines: The relation of pertussis vaccines to a number of serious adverse events, including encephalopathy and other central nervous system disorders, sudden infant death syndrome, autism, Guillain-Barre syndrome, learning disabilities, and Reye syndrome. The relation of rubella vaccines to arthritis, various neuropathies, and thrombocytopenic purpura. The volume, which includes a description of the committee's methods for evaluating evidence and directions for future research, will be important reading for public health officials, pediatricians, researchers, and concerned parents. |
| case-control study odds ratio: Public Health Research Methods Greg Guest, Emily E. Namey, 2015 Providing a comprehensive foundation for planning, executing, and monitoring public health research of all types, this book goes beyond traditional epidemiologic research designs to cover technology-based approaches emerging in the new public health landscape. |
| case-control study odds ratio: Principles of Research Design and Drug Literature Evaluation Rajender R. Aparasu, John P. Bentley, 2014-03-07 Principles of Research Design and Drug Literature Evaluation is a unique resource that provides a balanced approach covering critical elements of clinical research, biostatistical principles, and scientific literature evaluation techniques for evidence-based medicine. This accessible text provides comprehensive course content that meets and exceeds the curriculum standards set by the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE). Written by expert authors specializing in pharmacy practice and research, this valuable text will provide pharmacy students and practitioners with a thorough understanding of the principles and practices of drug literature evaluation with a strong grounding in research and biostatistical principles. Principles of Research Design and Drug Literature Evaluation is an ideal foundation for professional pharmacy students and a key resource for pharmacy residents, research fellows, practitioners, and clinical researchers. FEATURES * Chapter Pedagogy: Learning Objectives, Review Questions, References, and Online Resources * Instructor Resources: PowerPoint Presentations, Test Bank, and an Answer Key * Student Resources: a Navigate Companion Website, including Crossword Puzzles, Interactive Flash Cards, Interactive Glossary, Matching Questions, and Web Links From the Foreword: This book was designed to provide and encourage practitioner’s development and use of critical drug information evaluation skills through a deeper understanding of the foundational principles of study design and statistical methods. Because guidance on how a study’s limited findings should not be used is rare, practitioners must understand and evaluate for themselves the veracity and implications of the inherently limited primary literature findings they use as sources of drug information to make evidence-based decisions together with their patients. The editors organized the book into three supporting sections to meet their pedagogical goals and address practitioners’ needs in translating research into practice. Thanks to the editors, authors, and content of this book, you can now be more prepared than ever before for translating research into practice. L. Douglas Ried, PhD, FAPhA Editor-in-Chief Emeritus, Journal of the American Pharmacists Association Professor and Associate Dean for Academic Affairs, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, Texas |
| case-control study odds ratio: The Analysis of Biological Data Michael C. Whitlock, Dolph Schluter, 2019-11-22 The Analysis of Biological Data provides students with a practical foundation of statistics for biology students. Every chapter has several biological or medical examples of key concepts, and each example is prefaced by a substantial description of the biological setting. The emphasis on real and interesting examples carries into the problem sets where students have dozens of practice problems based on real data. The third edition features over 200 new examples and problems. These include new calculation practice problems, which guide the student step by step through the methods, and a greater number of examples and topics come from medical and human health research. Every chapter has been carefully edited for even greater clarity and ease of use. All the data sets, R scripts for all worked examples in the book, as well as many other teaching resources, are available to qualified instructors (see below). |
| case-control study odds ratio: Basic Methods Handbook for Clinical Orthopaedic Research Volker Musahl, Jón Karlsson, Michael T. Hirschmann, Olufemi R. Ayeni, Robert G. Marx, Jason L. Koh, Norimasa Nakamura, 2019-02-01 This book is designed to meet the needs of both novice and senior researchers in Orthopaedics by providing the essential, clinically relevant knowledge on research methodology that is sometimes overlooked during training. Readers will find a wealth of easy-to-understand information on all relevant aspects, from protocol design, the fundamentals of statistics, and the use of computer-based tools through to the performance of clinical studies with different levels of evidence, multicenter studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and economic health care studies. A key feature is a series of typical case examples that will facilitate use of the volume as a handbook for most common research approaches and study types. Younger researchers will also appreciate the guidance on preparation of abstracts, poster and paper presentations, grant applications, and publications. The authors are internationally renowned orthopaedic surgeons with extensive research experience and the book is published in collaboration with ISAKOS. |
| case-control study odds ratio: Epidemiology and Biostatistics Bryan Kestenbaum, 2009-08-28 Concise, fast-paced, intensive introduction to clinical research design for students and clinical research professionals Readers will gain sufficient knowledge to pass the United States Medical Licensing Examination part I section in Epidemiology |
| case-control study odds ratio: Assessment of Cancer Screening Pamela M. Marcus, 2022 Cancer screening is a prominent strategy in cancer control in the United States, yet the ability to correctly interpret cancer screening data eludes many researchers, clinicians, and policy makers. This open access primer rectifies that situation by teaching readers, in simple language and with straightforward examples, why and how the population-level cancer burden changes when screening is implemented, and how we assess whether that change is of benefit. This book provides an in-depth look at the many aspects of cancer screening and its assessment, including screening phenomena, performance measures, population-level outcomes, research designs, and other important and timely topics. Concise, accessible, and focused, Assessment of Cancer Screening: A Primer is best suited to those with education or experience in clinical research or public health in the United States - no previous knowledge of cancer screening assessment is necessary. This is the first text dedicated to cancer screening theory and methodology to be published in 20 years. |
| case-control study odds ratio: Research Methods in Occupational Epidemiology Harvey Checkoway, Neil Pearce, Douglas J. Crawford-Brown, 1989-05-25 Occupational epidemiology has emerged as a distinct subdiscipline of epidemiology and occupational medicine, addressing fundamental public health and scientific questions relating to the specification of exposure-response relationships, assessment of the adequacy of occupational exposure guidelines, and extrapolation of hazardous effects to other settings. This book reviews the wide range of principles and methods used in epidemiologic studies of working populations. It describes the historical development of occupational epidemiology, the approaches to characterizing workplace exposures, and the methods for designing and implementing epidemiologic studies. The relative strengths and limitations of different study designs are emphasized. Also included are more advanced discussions of statistical analysis, the estimation of doses to biological targets, and applications of the data derived from occupational epidemiology studies to disease modeling and risk assessment. The volume will serve both as a textbook in epidemiology and occupational medicine courses and as a practical handbook for the design, implementation, and interpretation of research in this field. |
| case-control study odds ratio: Possible Health Effects of Exposure to Residential Electric and Magnetic Fields National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Commission on Life Sciences, Committee on the Possible Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on Biologic Systems, 1997-03-18 Can the electric and magnetic fields (EMF) to which people are routinely exposed cause health effects? This volume assesses the data and draws conclusions about the consequences of human exposure to EMF. The committee examines what is known about three kinds of health effects associated with EMF: cancer, primarily childhood leukemia; reproduction and development; and neurobiological effects. This book provides a detailed discussion of hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization for each. Possible Health Effects of Exposure to Residential Electric and Magnetic Fields also discusses the tools available to measure exposure, common types of exposures, and what is known about the effects of exposure. The committee looks at correlations between EMF exposure and carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, neurobehavioral effects, reproductive and developmental effects, effects on melatonin and other neurochemicals, and effects on bone healing and stimulated cell growth. |
| case-control study odds ratio: How to Practice Academic Medicine and Publish from Developing Countries? Samiran Nundy, Atul Kakar, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, 2021-10-23 This is an open access book. The book provides an overview of the state of research in developing countries – Africa, Latin America, and Asia (especially India) and why research and publications are important in these regions. It addresses budding but struggling academics in low and middle-income countries. It is written mainly by senior colleagues who have experienced and recognized the challenges with design, documentation, and publication of health research in the developing world. The book includes short chapters providing insight into planning research at the undergraduate or postgraduate level, issues related to research ethics, and conduct of clinical trials. It also serves as a guide towards establishing a research question and research methodology. It covers important concepts such as writing a paper, the submission process, dealing with rejection and revisions, and covers additional topics such as planning lectures and presentations. The book will be useful for graduates, postgraduates, teachers as well as physicians and practitioners all over the developing world who are interested in academic medicine and wish to do medical research. |
| case-control study odds ratio: Epidemiology Kept Simple B. Burt Gerstman, 2013-05-17 Arranged to facilitate use and highlight key concepts, this clear and concise text also includes many practical exercises, case studies, and real-world applications. Utilizing the modern biostatistical approach to studying disease, Epidemiology Kept Simple, Second Edition will provide readers with the tools to interpret epidemiological data, understand disease concepts, and prepare for board exams. The author fully explains all new terminology and minimizes the use of technical language, while emphasizing real-life practice in modern public health and biomedical research settings. |
| case-control study odds ratio: Epidemiology in Medicine Julie E. Buring, 1987 Harvard Medical School, Boston. Textbook for medical and public health students. |
| case-control study odds ratio: Epidemiologic Research David G. Kleinbaum, Lawrence L. Kupper, Hal Morgenstern, 1991-01-16 Epidemiologic Research Principles and Quantitative Methods DavidG. Kleinbaum, Ph.D. Lawrence L. Kupper. Ph.D. Hal Morgenstern,Ph.D. Epidemiologic Research covers the principles and methodsof planning, analysis and interpretation of epidemiologic researchstudies. It supplies the applied researcher with the mostup-to-date methodological thought and practice. Specifically, thebook focuses on quantitative (including statistical) issues arisingfrom epidemiologic investigations, as well as on the questions ofstudy design, measurement and validity. EpidemiologicResearch emphasizes practical techniques, procedures andstrategies. It presents them through a unified approach whichfollows the chronology of issues that arise during theinvestigation of an epidemic. The book's viewpoint ismultidisciplinary and equally useful to the epidemiologicresearcher and to the biostatistician. Theory is supplemented bynumerous examples, exercises and applications. Full solutions aregiven to all exercises in a separate solutions manual. Importantfeatures * Thorough discussion of the methodology of epidemiologicresearch * Stress on validity and hence on reliability * Balanced approach, presenting the most important prevailingviewpoints * Three chapters with applications of mathematical modeling |
| case-control study odds ratio: The Case-Control Study Consensus and Controversy Michel A. Ibrahim, 2014-05-20 The Case-Control Study: Consensus and Controversy focuses on the history and the evolution of the case-control study, addresses the methodological issues discussed in this book, and presents illustrative studies to examine the problems and opportunities inherent in the method. This text first discusses the progress and evolution of case-control studies. This book then explains methodologic problems and standards in case-control research, which is followed by a discussion on bias in analytic research. Before this book gives the highlights of the conference it documents, it first tackles the confidence intervals for the odds ratio in case-control studies; case-control studies on the effect of sex steroids on women and their offspring; and methodologic variation in case-control studies of reserpine and breast cancer. This text also looks into the questions frequently asked regarding case-control studies, such as on the selection of appropriate controls, publication of research findings, and type of research needs to be done on case-control studies to improve them. This book concludes by explaining the development of standards for case control studies, as well as other problems and prospect regarding this study. This publication will be invaluable to those interested in case-control studies. |
| case-control study odds ratio: Pain Alaa Abd-Elsayed, 2019-05-10 This concise but comprehensive guide covers common procedures in pain management necessary for daily practice, and includes topics on international pain medicine curricula, for example, the American Board of Anesthesiology, World Institute of Pain/Fellow of Interventional Pain Practice, and American Board of Pain Medicine. Treatments for pain are discussed, including nerve blocks (head, neck, back, pelvis and lower extremity). Chapters have a consistent format including high yield points for exams, and questions in the form of case studies. Pain: A Review Guide is aimed at trainees in pain medicine all over the world. This book will also be beneficial to all practitioners who practice pain. |
| case-control study odds ratio: Clinical Trials in Neurology Roberto J. Guiloff, 2013-03-14 Clinical Trials in Neurology comprehensively tackles the methodology and design of clinical trials in neurological disease. A general section deals with the ethical aspects, drug development and regulatory requirements, basic trial designs and the statistics used. A diseases section tackles specific aspects of disorders, focusing on the relevant ethical issues, outcome variables and experience with large multicentre trials. |
| case-control study odds ratio: Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 5) Dorairaj Prabhakaran, Shuchi Anand, Thomas A. Gaziano, Jean-Claude Mbanya, Rachel Nugent, 2017-11-17 Cardiovascular, respiratory, and related conditions cause more than 40 percent of all deaths globally, and their substantial burden is rising, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Their burden extends well beyond health effects to include significant economic and societal consequences. Most of these conditions are related, share risk factors, and have common control measures at the clinical, population, and policy levels. Lives can be extended and improved when these diseases are prevented, detected, and managed. This volume summarizes current knowledge and presents evidence-based interventions that are effective, cost-effective, and scalable in LMICs. |
| case-control study odds ratio: Applied Logistic Regression, Second Edition: Book and Solutions Manual Set David W. Hosmer, Jr., Stanley Lemeshow, Elizabeth D. Cook, 2001-11-13 From the reviews of the First Edition. An interesting, useful, and well-written book on logistic regression models. . . Hosmer and Lemeshow have used very little mathematics, have presented difficult concepts heuristically and through illustrative examples, and have included references. |
| case-control study odds ratio: Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations Near Nuclear Facilities National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board, Committee on the Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations near Nuclear Facilitiesâ¬"Phase I, 2012-06-29 In the late 1980s, the National Cancer Institute initiated an investigation of cancer risks in populations near 52 commercial nuclear power plants and 10 Department of Energy nuclear facilities (including research and nuclear weapons production facilities and one reprocessing plant) in the United States. The results of the NCI investigation were used a primary resource for communicating with the public about the cancer risks near the nuclear facilities. However, this study is now over 20 years old. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission requested that the National Academy of Sciences provide an updated assessment of cancer risks in populations near USNRC-licensed nuclear facilities that utilize or process uranium for the production of electricity. Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations near Nuclear Facilities: Phase 1 focuses on identifying scientifically sound approaches for carrying out an assessment of cancer risks associated with living near a nuclear facility, judgments about the strengths and weaknesses of various statistical power, ability to assess potential confounding factors, possible biases, and required effort. The results from this Phase 1 study will be used to inform the design of cancer risk assessment, which will be carried out in Phase 2. This report is beneficial for the general public, communities near nuclear facilities, stakeholders, healthcare providers, policy makers, state and local officials, community leaders, and the media. |
| case-control study odds ratio: Statistical Analysis with Measurement Error or Misclassification Grace Y. Yi, 2017-08-02 This monograph on measurement error and misclassification covers a broad range of problems and emphasizes unique features in modeling and analyzing problems arising from medical research and epidemiological studies. Many measurement error and misclassification problems have been addressed in various fields over the years as well as with a wide spectrum of data, including event history data (such as survival data and recurrent event data), correlated data (such as longitudinal data and clustered data), multi-state event data, and data arising from case-control studies. Statistical Analysis with Measurement Error or Misclassification: Strategy, Method and Application brings together assorted methods in a single text and provides an update of recent developments for a variety of settings. Measurement error effects and strategies of handling mismeasurement for different models are closely examined in combination with applications to specific problems. Readers with diverse backgrounds and objectives can utilize this text. Familiarity with inference methods—such as likelihood and estimating function theory—or modeling schemes in varying settings—such as survival analysis and longitudinal data analysis—can result in a full appreciation of the material, but it is not essential since each chapter provides basic inference frameworks and background information on an individual topic to ease the access of the material. The text is presented in a coherent and self-contained manner and highlights the essence of commonly used modeling and inference methods. This text can serve as a reference book for researchers interested in statistical methodology for handling data with measurement error or misclassification; as a textbook for graduate students, especially for those majoring in statistics and biostatistics; or as a book for applied statisticians whose interest focuses on analysis of error-contaminated data. Grace Y. Yi is Professor of Statistics and University Research Chair at the University of Waterloo. She is the 2010 winner of the CRM-SSC Prize, an honor awarded in recognition of a statistical scientist's professional accomplishments in research during the first 15 years after having received a doctorate. She is a Fellow of the American Statistical Association and an Elected Member of the International Statistical Institute. |
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