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| case of language definition: Defining Language Geoff Barnbrook, 2002-10-24 Definition is a basic activity of language, of particular importance to linguists because of its use of language to describe itself. Beyond this inherent significance as a crucial element of language study, definitions also provide a rich potential source of the information needed for Natural Language Processing systems. This book describes an investigation of the subset of general language used in definition sentences and the development of a taxonomy of definition types, a grammar of definition sentences and parsing software which can extract their functional components. The work is based on definition sentences used in one of the dictionaries from the Cobuild range, and the book includes a brief history of the development of monolingual English dictionaries, an assessment of the concepts of sublanguages and local grammars and a full exploration of the results of the analysis and of the present and future applications of the taxonomy, grammar and parser. |
| case of language definition: The Oxford Handbook of Case Andrej Malchukov, Andrew Spencer, 2011-10-20 This Handbook provides a comprehensive account of current research on case and the morphological and syntactic phenomena associated with it. Scholars from all over the world provide overviews of current theoretical, typological, diachronic, and psycholinguistic research and assess cross-linguistic work on case and case-systems. |
| case of language definition: Language Diversity and Cognitive Representations Catherine Fuchs, Stéphane Robert, 1999 Significant new developments in brain activity research have revived the debate on the universality of language and its neural basis. Within this debate, the question of language diversity and its implications for cognition remains central and controversial. It is here investigated in an original multimodal approach, covering various aspects of cross-linguistic variation, differences between spoken, signed and drum languages, between normal speech and pathological speech, and also between language and music, as revealed in electric brain activity associated with language processing. The various contributions (linguistic, anthropological, psychological and neurophysical) on the nature and status of variation and invariants in language provides evidence for complex interactions between language-specific processes and general cognitive faculties. This overview of some recent trends in cognitive linguistics opens up a promising new research area in the humanities as well as in the cognitive sciences. |
| case of language definition: Language, Meaning and the Law Christopher Hutton, 2009-01-19 Language, Meaning and the Law offers an accessible, critical guide to debates about linguistic meaning and interpretation in relation to legal language. Law is an ideal domain for considering fundamental questions relating to how we assign meanings to words, understand and comment on texts, and deal with socially and ideologically significant questions of interpretation. The book argues that theoretical issues of concern to linguists, philosophers, literary theorists and others are illuminated by the demands of the legal context, since law is driven by the need for practical solutions and for determinate outcomes based on explicit reasoning. Topics covered include: the relationship of linguistics to legal theory, indeterminacy and statutory interpretation, the theory and practice of using dictionaries in law, defamation and language in the public sphere, and the distinction between perjury and deception. This book does not assume specialist knowledge of the field, and is designed as a self-contained, advanced introduction to a fascinating area of study. The reader will gain an overall insight into issues and debates about meaning and interpretation, as well as an understanding of how these questions are shaped by the legal context. |
| case of language definition: Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary Kate Woodford, Guy Jackson, 2003 The Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary is the ideal dictionary for advanced EFL/ESL learners. Easy to use and with a great CD-ROM - the perfect learner's dictionary for exam success. First published as the Cambridge International Dictionary of English, this new edition has been completely updated and redesigned. - References to over 170,000 words, phrases and examples explained in clear and natural English - All the important new words that have come into the language (e.g. dirty bomb, lairy, 9/11, clickable) - Over 200 'Common Learner Error' notes, based on the Cambridge Learner Corpus from Cambridge ESOL exams Plus, on the CD-ROM: - SMART thesaurus - lets you find all the words with the same meaning - QUICKfind - automatically looks up words while you are working on-screen - SUPERwrite - tools for advanced writing, giving help with grammar and collocation - Hear and practise all the words. |
| case of language definition: Definition in Theory and Practice Roy Harris, Christopher Hutton, 2007-05-24 The problem of definition has a long history and has engaged the minds of some of the most eminent thinkers in the Western tradition, from Plato and Aristotle onwards. But it is also an everyday problem constantly confronting all who have to draft or interpret the countless texts on which modern society depends. Definition in Theory and Practice focuses on two areas where difficulties arise in a particularly acute form: lexicography and the law. Examining a wide range of approaches and definitional techniques, backed up by detailed analyses of dictionary entries and court cases, the authors provide a comprehensive survey of their subject. They argue that what underlies the problem of definition are conflicting assumptions about the way language functions. This in-depth study of definition will be of interest to academics researching lexicography, semantics and the intersection of linguistics and jurisprudence. |
| case of language definition: Planning Language, Planning Inequality James W. Tollefson, 1991 An examination of how an individual's native language can affect their lifestyle. Topics covered range from maintenance of the mother-tongue and second language learning, to the ideology of language planning theory, to education and language rights. |
| case of language definition: An Etymological Dictionary of the English Language Walter William Skeat, 1882 |
| case of language definition: Finnish Fred Karlsson, 2017-09-13 Finnish: A Comprehensive Grammar presents a fresh, accessible and thorough description of the language, concentrating on the real patterns of use in modern Finnish. The book moves from the sound system through morphology and word classes to a detailed analysis of sentence structures and semantic features. Key features include: particular focus on examples from spoken Finnish reflecting current usage, grammatic phenomena classified as common or rare, appendices distinguishing base forms from final letter combinations, English-Finnish contrasts highlighted throughout. This Comprehensive Grammar is an essential reference for the intermediatre and advanced learner and user of Finnish. |
| case of language definition: Politics and the English Language George Orwell, 2021-01-01 George Orwell set out ‘to make political writing into an art’, and to a wide extent this aim shaped the future of English literature – his descriptions of authoritarian regimes helped to form a new vocabulary that is fundamental to understanding totalitarianism. While 1984 and Animal Farm are amongst the most popular classic novels in the English language, this new series of Orwell’s essays seeks to bring a wider selection of his writing on politics and literature to a new readership. In Politics and the English Language, the second in the Orwell’s Essays series, Orwell takes aim at the language used in politics, which, he says, ‘is designed to make lies sound truthful and murder respectable, and to give an appearance of solidity to pure wind’. In an age where the language used in politics is constantly under the microscope, Orwell’s Politics and the English Language is just as relevant today, and gives the reader a vital understanding of the tactics at play. 'A writer who can – and must – be rediscovered with every age.' — Irish Times |
| case of language definition: Oxford English Dictionary John A. Simpson, 2002-04-18 The Oxford English Dictionary is the internationally recognized authority on the evolution of the English language from 1150 to the present day. The Dictionary defines over 500,000 words, making it an unsurpassed guide to the meaning, pronunciation, and history of the English language. This new upgrade version of The Oxford English Dictionary Second Edition on CD-ROM offers unparalleled access to the world's most important reference work for the English language. The text of this version has been augmented with the inclusion of the Oxford English Dictionary Additions Series (Volumes 1-3), published in 1993 and 1997, the Bibliography to the Second Edition, and other ancillary material. System requirements: PC with minimum 200 MHz Pentium-class processor; 32 MB RAM (64 MB recommended); 16-speed CD-ROM drive (32-speed recommended); Windows 95, 98, Me, NT, 200, or XP (Local administrator rights are required to install and open the OED for the first time on a PC running Windows NT 4 and to install and run the OED on Windows 2000 and XP); 1.1 GB hard disk space to run the OED from the CD-ROM and 1.7 GB to install the CD-ROM to the hard disk: SVGA monitor: 800 x 600 pixels: 16-bit (64k, high color) setting recommended. Please note: for the upgrade, installation requires the use of the OED CD-ROM v2.0. |
| case of language definition: The Genitive Anne Carlier, Jean-Christophe Verstraete, 2013-07-17 This volume, the fifth in the series Case and Grammatical Relations across Languages, is devoted to genitive constructions in a range of Indo-European languages (Russian, French, Romanian, German and Swedish), as well as Finnish, Bantu languages and Northern Akhvakh (Northeast Caucasian). Definitions of genitives typically start out from the notion of an inflectional marker, often suffixal, that marks dependency relations of a noun phrase with respect to another noun phrase and conveys possessive meaning. The contributions in this volume demonstrate a huge range of variation in genitives, semantically (from possessive meaning to generalized dependency), morphologically (from affixes to different types of clitics) and syntactically (from adnominal uses to argument relations and adjunct uses). The volume contains both general surveys of genitives and case studies of the semantics, pragmatics and historical development of specific genitive constructions. It will be of interest to scholars and students in syntax, semantics, morphology, typology, and historical linguistics. |
| case of language definition: Judicial and Statutory Definitions of Words and Phrases , 1905 |
| case of language definition: Language George Melville Bolling, Bernard Bloch, 2010 Proceedings of the annual meeting of the Society in v. 1-11, 1925-34. After 1934 they appear in Its Bulletin. |
| case of language definition: Etymological Dictionary of the English Language Skeat, 1884 |
| case of language definition: Annotated Cases, American and English , 1915 |
| case of language definition: Essays on Definition Juan C. Sager, 2000-01-01 This collection of essays on definitions, from Plato and Aristotle to modern times, assembles interesting, sometimes less widely known and controversial texts. They examine the subject from the point of view of philosophy which is essential for a theory of terminology seeking to establish the relationship between concepts and terms. These essays deal mainly with theoretical issues but they also consider the practice of defining and therefore serve as background to all manner of studies in terminology. In addition they form a useful complement to the better known discussions of definitions in lexicography. |
| case of language definition: Aspects of Meaning Construction Günter Radden, Klaus-Michael Köpcke, Thomas Berg, Peter Siemund, 2007-04-11 Meaning does not reside in linguistic units but is constructed in the minds of the language users. Meaning construction is an on-line mental activity whereby speech participants create meanings on the basis of underspecified linguistic units. The construction of meaning is guided by cognitive principles. The contributions collected in the volume focus on two types of cognitive principles guiding meaning construction: meaning construction by means of metonymy and metaphor, and meaning construction by means of mental spaces and conceptual blending. The papers in the former group survey experiential evidence of figurative meaning construction and discuss high-level metaphor and metonymy, the role of metonymy in discourse, the chaining of metonymies, metonymy as an alternative to coercion, and metaphtonymic meanings of proper names. The papers in the latter group address the issues of meaning construction prompted by personal pronouns, relative clauses, inferential constructions, “sort-of” expressions, questions, and the into-causative construction. |
| case of language definition: A Concise Introduction to Logic Craig DeLancey, 2017-02-06 |
| case of language definition: Criminal Alabama, 1907 |
| case of language definition: The American and English Annotated Cases , 1913 |
| case of language definition: The Art of Definition Ron Legarski, 2024-09-05 The Art of Definition: Crafting Words for Clear Communication is a comprehensive exploration into the world of definitions, delving into the subtle art and rigorous science behind defining terms with precision and clarity. In an age where language is both powerful and rapidly evolving, this book serves as a guide for anyone seeking to enhance their communication skills through the careful crafting of definitions. From legal terminology and scientific concepts to everyday language and cultural expressions, definitions form the foundation of how we convey meaning. This book provides readers with practical tools and strategies for writing effective definitions across a wide range of fields, demonstrating the pivotal role that well-crafted definitions play in ensuring accurate communication. By examining real-world examples, case studies, and different types of definitions—lexical, operational, stipulative, and more—The Art of Definition offers a detailed roadmap for understanding the complexities of language. Whether you are a student, professional, or simply someone intrigued by language, this book takes you on a journey into the heart of how definitions shape our understanding of the world. It also explores the challenges of defining abstract concepts, the importance of context, and the impact of definitions on knowledge across disciplines. With clear explanations and hands-on exercises, The Art of Definition empowers readers to craft definitions that enhance clarity, minimize ambiguity, and improve overall communication. By unlocking the techniques of definition writing, this book offers readers the ability to elevate their writing, their professional discourse, and their understanding of the world around them. |
| case of language definition: Definition in Greek Philosophy David Charles, 2010-08-19 David Charles presents fourteen new essays by leading experts on the topic of definition in Greek philosophers from Socrates to Plotinus. It is the first book on the topic for many years and it aims to reawaken interest in this fundamental, but surprisingly neglected, area of ancient philosophy. |
| case of language definition: Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Supreme Court of the Territory of Dakota Dakota Territory. Supreme Court, Granville Gaylord Bennett, Ellison Griffith Smith, Robert B. Tripp, 1882 |
| case of language definition: Knowledge of Language Noam Chomsky, 1986 In this study, the author addresses the questions of what constitutes the knowledge of language, and how this knowledge is acquired and used. |
| case of language definition: The Federal Cases , 1894 |
| case of language definition: Programming Languages and Their Definition H. Bekic, 1984-08 |
| case of language definition: American and English Annotated Cases Harry Noyes Greene, William Mark McKinney, David Shephard Garland, 1918 |
| case of language definition: The Pacific Reporter , 1909 |
| case of language definition: The Law Times Reports of Cases Decided in the House of Lords, the Privy Council, the Court of Appeal ... [new Series]. , 1882 |
| case of language definition: Case Study Methodology in Higher Education Baron, Annette, McNeal, Kelly, 2019-06-28 In higher education, case studies can be utilized to have students put themselves into problems faced by a protagonist and, by doing so, address academic or career-related issues. Working through these issues provides students with an opportunity to gain applied perspective and experiences. Professors in higher education who choose this method of teaching require navigational tools to ensure that students achieve stated learning objectives. Case Study Methodology in Higher Education is an essential research publication that focuses on the history and theories relating to case study methodology including techniques for writing case studies and utilizing them in university settings to prepare students for real-life career-related scenarios. This publication features a wide range of topics such as educational leadership, case writing, and teacher education. It is essential for educators, career professionals, higher education faculty, researchers, and students. |
| case of language definition: A Dictionary of Science, Literature, and Art ... With the derivation and definition of all the terms in general use. Edited by W. T. Brande ... assisted by Joseph Cauvin, etc William Thomas BRANDE, 1847 |
| case of language definition: Reports of All the Cases Decided by All the Superior Courts Relating to Magistrates, Municipal, and Parochial Law Great Britain. Magistrates' cases, 1901 |
| case of language definition: Saving Truth From Paradox Hartry Field, 2008-03-06 Saving Truth from Paradox is an ambitious investigation into paradoxes of truth and related issues, with occasional forays into notions such as vagueness, the nature of validity, and the Gödel incompleteness theorems. Hartry Field presents a new approach to the paradoxes and provides a systematic and detailed account of the main competing approaches. Part One examines Tarski's, Kripke>'s, and Lukasiewicz>'s theories of truth, and discusses validity and soundness, and vagueness. Part Two considers a wide range of attempts to resolve the paradoxes within classical logic. In Part Three Field turns to non-classical theories of truth that that restrict excluded middle. He shows that there are theories of this sort in which the conditionals obey many of the classical laws, and that all the semantic paradoxes (not just the simplest ones) can be handled consistently with the naive theory of truth. In Part Four, these theories are extended to the property-theoretic paradoxes and to various other paradoxes, and some issues about the understanding of the notion of validity are addressed. Extended paradoxes, involving the notion of determinate truth, are treated very thoroughly, and a number of different arguments that the theories lead to revenge problems are addressed. Finally, Part Five deals with dialetheic approaches to the paradoxes: approaches which, instead of restricting excluded middle, accept certain contradictions but alter classical logic so as to keep them confined to a relatively remote part of the language. Advocates of dialetheic theories have argued them to be better than theories that restrict excluded middle, for instance over issues related to the incompleteness theorems and in avoiding revenge problems. Field argues that dialetheists>' claims on behalf of their theories are quite unfounded, and indeed that on some of these issues all current versions of dialetheism do substantially worse than the best theories that restrict excluded middle. |
| case of language definition: What You See Is What You Hear Dario Martinelli, 2020-01-01 What You See Is What You Hear develops a unique model of analysis that helps students and advanced scholars alike to look at audiovisual texts from a fresh perspective. Adopting an engaging writing style, the author draws an accessible picture of the field, offering several analytical tools, historical background, and numerous case studies. Divided into five main sections, the monograph covers problems of definitions, history, and most of all analysis. The first part raises the main problems related to audiovisuality, including taxonomical and historical questions. The second part provides the bases for the understanding of audiovisual creative communication as a whole, introducing a novel theoretical model for its analysis. The next three part focus elaborate on the model in all its constituents and with plenty of case studies taken from the field of cinema, TV, music videos, advertising and other forms of audiovisuality. Methodologically, the book is informed by different paradigms of film and media studies, multimodality studies, structuralism, narratology, “auteur theory” in the broad sense, communication studies, semiotics, and the so-called “Numanities.” What You See Is What You Hear enables readers to better understand how to analyze the structure and content of diverse audiovisual texts, to discuss their different idioms, and to approach them with curiosity and critical spirit. |
| case of language definition: Dictionary of English Language Exhibiting Orthography, Pronunciation and Definition of Words Arnold James Cooley, 1861 |
| case of language definition: Foundations of Programming Languages Kent D. Lee, 2015-01-19 This clearly written textbook introduces the reader to the three styles of programming, examining object-oriented/imperative, functional, and logic programming. The focus of the text moves from highly prescriptive languages to very descriptive languages, demonstrating the many and varied ways in which we can think about programming. Designed for interactive learning both inside and outside of the classroom, each programming paradigm is highlighted through the implementation of a non-trivial programming language, demonstrating when each language may be appropriate for a given problem. Features: includes review questions and solved practice exercises, with supplementary code and support files available from an associated website; provides the foundations for understanding how the syntax of a language is formally defined by a grammar; examines assembly language programming using CoCo; introduces C++, Standard ML, and Prolog; describes the development of a type inference system for the language Small. |
| case of language definition: Cases on the Law of Real Property John Howard Easterday, 1925 |
| case of language definition: Reports of Cases Determined in the Supreme Court of the State of Utah Utah. Supreme Court, 1901 |
| case of language definition: Reports of Cases Determined in the Supreme Court of the Territory of Utah Utah. Supreme Court, Albert Hagan, John Augustine Marshall, John Maxcy Zane, James A. Williams, Joseph M. Tanner, George L. Nye, John Walcott Thompson, August B. Edler, Alonzo Blair Irvine, Harmel L. Pratt, William S. Dalton, H. Arnold Rich, 1901 |
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