| countries names in their own language: Aksum and Nubia George Hatke, 2013-01-07 Aksum and Nubia assembles and analyzes the textual and archaeological evidence of interaction between Nubia and the Ethiopian kingdom of Aksum, focusing primarily on the fourth century CE. Although ancient Nubia and Ethiopia have been the subject of a growing number of studies in recent years, little attention has been given to contact between these two regions. Hatke argues that ancient Northeast Africa cannot be treated as a unified area politically, economically, or culturally. Rather, Nubia and Ethiopia developed within very different regional spheres of interaction, as a result of which the Nubian kingdom of Kush came to focus its energies on the Nile Valley, relying on this as its main route of contact with the outside world, while Aksum was oriented towards the Red Sea and Arabia. In this way Aksum and Kush coexisted in peace for most of their history, and such contact as they maintained with each other was limited to small-scale commerce. Only in the fourth century CE did Aksum take up arms against Kush, and even then the conflict seems to have been related mainly to security issues on Aksum’s western frontier. Although Aksum never managed to hold onto Kush for long, much less dealt the final death-blow to the Nubian kingdom, as is often believed, claims to Kush continued to play a role in Aksumite royal ideology as late as the sixth century. Aksum and Nubia critically examines the extent to which relations between two ancient African states were influenced by warfare, commerce, and political fictions. |
| countries names in their own language: Our Beloved Kin Lisa Tanya Brooks, 2018-01-01 With rigorous original scholarship and creative narration, Lisa Brooks recovers a complex picture of war, captivity, and Native resistance during the First Indian War (later named King Philip's War) by relaying the stories of Weetamoo, a female Wampanoag leader, and James Printer, a Nipmuc scholar, whose stories converge in the captivity of Mary Rowlandson. Through both a narrow focus on Weetamoo, Printer, and their network of relations, and a far broader scope that includes vast Indigenous geographies, Brooks leads us to a new understanding of the history of colonial New England and of American origins. In reading seventeenth-century sources alongside an analysis of the landscape and interpretations informed by tribal history, Brooks's pathbreaking scholarship is grounded not just in extensive archival research but also in the land and communities of Native New England.--Jacket flap. |
| countries names in their own language: Languages at War H. Footitt, M. Kelly, 2015-12-26 Emphasising the significance of foreign languages at the centre of war and conflict, this book argues that 'foreignness' and foreign languages are key to our understanding of what happens in war. Through case studies the book traces the role of languages in intelligence, military deployment, soldier/civilian meetings, occupation and peace building. |
| countries names in their own language: Names in Focus Terhi Ainiala, Minna Saarelma, Paula Sjöblom, 2012 Names in Focus delves deep into the vast field of Finnish onomastics, covering place names, personal names, animal names, commercial names and names in literature. It provides the history and current trends in this area of research, and also supplements international terminology with the Finnish point of view on the subject. Brimming with examples and clear explanations, the book can be enjoyed by the most studious of researchers as well as the casual reader who has a genuine interest in the study of names. |
| countries names in their own language: A Dictionary of the English Language Joseph Emerson Worcester, 1860 |
| countries names in their own language: Language Conflict and Language Rights William D. Davies, Stanley Dubinsky, 2018-08-09 As the colonial hegemony of empire fades around the world, the role of language in ethnic conflict has become increasingly topical, as have issues concerning the right of speakers to choose and use their preferred language(s). Such rights are often asserted and defended in response to their being violated. The importance of understanding these events and issues, and their relationship to individual, ethnic, and national identity, is central to research and debate in a range of fields outside of, as well as within, linguistics. This book provides a clearly written introduction for linguists and non-specialists alike, presenting basic facts about the role of language in the formation of identity and the preservation of culture. It articulates and explores categories of conflict and language rights abuses through detailed presentation of illustrative case studies, and distills from these key cross-linguistic and cross-cultural generalizations. |
| countries names in their own language: The Etymology of Local Names Richard Morris, 1857 |
| countries names in their own language: In the Land of Invented Languages Arika Okrent, 2009-05-19 Here is the captivating story of humankind’s enduring quest to build a better language—and overcome the curse of Babel. Just about everyone has heard of Esperanto, which was nothing less than one man’s attempt to bring about world peace by means of linguistic solidarity. And every Star Trek fan knows about Klingon. But few people have heard of Babm, Blissymbolics, Loglan (not to be confused with Lojban), and the nearly nine hundred other invented languages that represent the hard work, high hopes, and full-blown delusions of so many misguided souls over the centuries. With intelligence and humor, Arika Okrent has written a truly original and enlightening book for all word freaks, grammar geeks, and plain old language lovers. |
| countries names in their own language: An Atlas of Countries That Don't Exist Nick Middleton, 2017-03-21 A “fascinating” journey to little-known and contested lands around the globe, from Tibet to the Isle of Man to Elgaland-Vargaland (Geographical Magazine). What is a country? Acclaimed travel writer and Oxford geography don Nick Middleton brings to life the origins and histories of fifty states that, lacking international recognition and United Nations membership, exist on the margins of legitimacy in the global order. From long-contested lands like Crimea and Tibet to lesser-known territories such as Africa’s last colony and a European republic that enjoyed independence for a single day, Middleton presents fascinating stories of shifting borders, visionary leaders, and “forgotten” peoples. “Engrossing . . . You’ll not find Middle-earth, Atlantis or Lilliput inside, but you will find something just as intriguing . . . sure to prompt discussions about what makes a country a ‘real country.’” —Seattle Times |
| countries names in their own language: We Need New Names NoViolet Bulawayo, 2013-05-21 This unflinching and powerful novel tells the deeply felt and fiercely written story of a young girl's journey out of Zimbabwe to America (New York Times Book Review). Darling is only ten years old, and yet she must navigate a fragile and violent world. In Zimbabwe, Darling and her friends steal guavas, try to get the baby out of young Chipo's belly, and grasp at memories of Before. Before their homes were destroyed by paramilitary policemen, before the school closed, before the fathers left for dangerous jobs abroad. But Darling has a chance to escape: she has an aunt in America. She travels to this new land in search of America's famous abundance only to find that her options as an immigrant are perilously few. NoViolet Bulawayo's debut calls to mind the great storytellers of displacement and arrival who have come before her — from Junot Diaz to Zadie Smith to J.M. Coetzee — while she tells a vivid, raw story all her own. Original, witty, and devastating. —People |
| countries names in their own language: Names New and Old Edwin Wallace McMullen, 2002 These essays tell the story of geographic, literary, personal and various other types of names. Information on names is offered chronologically from 1391 up to the present time and the 'hip-lit' names used in Bret Easton Ellis's Less than Zero. There are also technical studies, such as the names of drugs in the world of street-Spanish, and the sound patterns of proper names in the English language. |
| countries names in their own language: The Concise Dictionary of World Place-names John Everett-Heath, 2018 Includes over 11,000 entries. This dictionary explores the history, meanings, and origin of place names around the world. It covers continents, countries, regions, islands, bays, capes, cities, towns, deserts, lakes, mountains, and rivers, giving the name in the local language as well as key historical facts associated with many place names. The fourth edition includes updates to French regions and to Ukrainian place names. In addition to the entries themselves, the dictionary includes a glossary of foreign word elements which appear in place names and their meaning, as well as a list of personalities and leaders who have influenced the naming of places around the world--Publisher. |
| countries names in their own language: Words in Space and Time Tomasz Kamusella, 2021-11-30 With forty-two extensively annotated maps, this atlas offers novel insights into the history and mechanics of how Central Europe’s languages have been made, unmade, and deployed for political action. The innovative combination of linguistics, history, and cartography makes a wealth of hard-to-reach knowledge readily available to both specialist and general readers. It combines information on languages, dialects, alphabets, religions, mass violence, or migrations over an extended period of time. The story first focuses on Central Europe’s dialect continua, the emergence of states, and the spread of writing technology from the tenth century onward. Most maps concentrate on the last two centuries. The main storyline opens with the emergence of the Western European concept of the nation, in accord with which the ethnolinguistic nation-states of Italy and Germany were founded. In the Central European view, a “proper” nation is none other than the speech community of a single language. The Atlas aspires to help users make the intellectual leap of perceiving languages as products of human history and part of culture. Like states, nations, universities, towns, associations, art, beauty, religions, injustice, or atheism—languages are artefacts invented and shaped by individuals and their groups. |
| countries names in their own language: 4 CONTINENTS 42 COUNTRIES SAUDI ARABIA (1) Prof. Dr. Ali Arslan, 2024-08-04 In this book series, Prof. Dr. Ali Arslan’s travels in 42 countries on 4 continents and the sociological observations and comments he made during these trips are described. The first 15 books describe the trips to Saudi Arabia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Pakistan, India, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Spain, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Bosnia-Herzegovina and Qatar, which were held consecutively in 2 months in 2018. In the following books, his observations and comments in America, England, Germany, France, Poland, Belgium, Austria, Czechia, Bulgaria, Greece and other countries where he had previously visited on various occasions were discussed. When he went to Morocco, the country of the world-famous traveler Ibn-i Batuta, he was told with a joke, “You are the Ibn-i Batuta of Today.” Likewise, it is integrated with the memories of the famous traveler Evliya Çelebi, who is world famous and well known to Turkish readers. In this book series, written with a scientific style and sociological perspective, you will have the opportunity to examine the knowledge and comments obtained in 42 countries. The Saudi Arabia book is the first book in the series. |
| countries names in their own language: The National Cyclopaedia of Useful Knowledge Charles Knight, 1853 |
| countries names in their own language: All Our Names Dinaw Mengestu, 2014-03-04 From acclaimed author Dinaw Mengestu, a recipient of the National Book Foundation’s 5 Under 35 award, The New Yorker’s 20 Under 40 award, and a 2012 MacArthur Foundation genius grant, comes an unforgettable love story about a searing affair between an American woman and an African man in 1970s America and an unflinching novel about the fragmentation of lives that straddle countries and histories. All Our Names is the story of two young men who come of age during an African revolution, drawn from the safe confines of the university campus into the intensifying clamor of the streets outside. But as the line between idealism and violence becomes increasingly blurred, the friends are driven apart—one into the deepest peril, as the movement gathers inexorable force, and the other into the safety of exile in the American Midwest. There, pretending to be an exchange student, he falls in love with a social worker and settles into small-town life. Yet this idyll is inescapably darkened by the secrets of his past: the acts he committed and the work he left unfinished. Most of all, he is haunted by the beloved friend he left behind, the charismatic leader who first guided him to revolution and then sacrificed everything to ensure his freedom. Elegiac, blazing with insights about the physical and emotional geographies that circumscribe our lives, All Our Names is a marvel of vision and tonal command. Writing within the grand tradition of Naipul, Greene, and Achebe, Mengestu gives us a political novel that is also a transfixing portrait of love and grace, of self-determination and the names we are given and the names we earn. This eBook edition includes a Reading Group Guide. |
| countries names in their own language: Standard for Descriptive Cataloging of Government Scientific and Technical Reports Federal Council for Science and Technology (U.S.). Committee on Scientific and Technical Information, 1963 |
| countries names in their own language: We Germans Alexander Starritt, 2020-09-01 WINNER OF THE DAYTON LITERARY PEACE PRIZE A letter from a German soldier to his grandson recounts the terrors of war on the Eastern Front, and a postwar ordinary life in search of atonement, in this “raw, visceral, and propulsive” novel (New York Times Book Review). A New York Times Book Review Editors’ Choice In the throes of the Second World War, young Meissner, a college student with dreams of becoming a scientist, is drafted into the German army and sent to the Eastern Front. But soon his regiment collapses in the face of the onslaught of the Red Army, hell-bent on revenge in its race to Berlin. Many decades later, now an old man reckoning with his past, Meissner pens a letter to his grandson explaining his actions, his guilt as a Nazi participator, and the difficulty of life after war. Found among his effects after his death, the letter is at once a thrilling story of adventure and a questing rumination on the moral ambiguity of war. In his years spent fighting the Russians and attempting afterward to survive the Gulag, Meissner recounts a life lived in perseverance and atonement. Wracked with shame—both for himself and for Germany—the grandfather explains his dark rationale, exults in the courage of others, and blurs the boundaries of right and wrong. We Germans complicates our most steadfast beliefs and seeks to account for the complicity of an entire country in the perpetration of heinous acts. In this breathless and page-turning story, Alexander Starritt also presents us with a deft exploration of the moral contradictions inherent in saving one's own life at the cost of the lives of others and asks whether we can ever truly atone. |
| countries names in their own language: A Complete Pronouncing Gazetteer Or Geographical Dictionary of the World Joseph Thomas, 1895 |
| countries names in their own language: Standard for Descriptive Cataloging of Government Scientific and Technical Reports. December 1963 United States. Science and Technology Office, 1963 |
| countries names in their own language: Testimony of Dr. Linus Pauling United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary, 1960 |
| countries names in their own language: The Gentleman's Magazine , 1847 |
| countries names in their own language: Fourteenth Census of the United States: 1920 ... United States. Bureau of the Census, 1922 |
| countries names in their own language: The World Atlas of Language Structures Martin Haspelmath, Matthew S. Dryer, David Gil, Bernard Comrie, 2005-07-21 The World Atlas of Language Structures is a book and CD combination displaying the structural properties of the world's languages. 142 world maps and numerous regional maps - all in colour - display the geographical distribution of features of pronunciation and grammar, such as number of vowels, tone systems, gender, plurals, tense, word order, and body part terminology. Each world map shows an average of 400 languages and is accompanied by a fully referenced description of the structural feature in question. The CD provides an interactive electronic version of the database which allows the reader to zoom in on or customize the maps, to display bibliographical sources, and to establish correlations between features. The book and the CD together provide an indispensable source of information for linguists and others seeking to understand human languages. The Atlas will be especially valuable for linguistic typologists, grammatical theorists, historical and comparative linguists, and for those studying a region such as Africa, Southeast Asia, North America, Australia, and Europe. It will also interest anthropologists and geographers. More than fifty authors from many different countries have collaborated to produce a work that sets new standards in comparative linguistics. No institution involved in language research can afford to be without it. |
| countries names in their own language: Fourteenth Census of the United States Taken in the Year 1920: Population 1920: general report and analytical tables United States. Bureau of the Census, 1922 |
| countries names in their own language: Focalóir Gaoidhilge-Sax-bhéarla; or, An Irish-English dictionary [by J. O'Brien]. John O'Brien (R.C. bp. of Cloyne.), 1832 |
| countries names in their own language: Sign Language Made Simple Karen Lewis, 1997-08-18 Sign Language Made Simple will include five Parts: Part One: an introduction, how to use this book, a brief history of signing and an explanation of how signing is different from other languages, including its use of non-manual markers (the use of brow, mouth, etc in signing.) Part Two: Fingerspelling: the signing alphabet illustrated, the relationship between signing alphabet and ASL signs Part Three: Dictionary of ASL signs: concrete nouns, abstractions, verbs, describers, other parts of speech-approx. 1,000 illustrations. Will also include instructions for non-manual markers, where appropriate. Part Four: Putting it all together: sentences and transitions, includes rudimentary sentences and lines from poems, bible verses, famous quotes-all illustrated. Also, grammatical aspects, word endings, tenses. Part Five: The Humor of Signing: puns, word plays and jokes. Sign Language Made Simple will have over 1,200 illustrations, be easy to use, fun to read and more competitively priced than the competition. It's a knockout addition to the Made Simple list. |
| countries names in their own language: Discussions A-Z Advanced Book and Audio CD Adrian Wallwork, 2012-12-20 A photocopiable resource book of speaking activities for intermediate and advanced level students. |
| countries names in their own language: Focaloir Gaoidhilge-Sags-Bhearla or An Irish-English dictionary Whereof the Irish part hath been compiled not only from various Irish vocabularies, particularly that of mr. Edward Lhuyd; but also from a great variety of the best Irish manuscripts now extant ... John OʼBrien, 1832 |
| countries names in their own language: Stéidhean à ghràmair Ghaëlig; le gach co-mhìneachadh, riailt agus samplair ainmichte gu-soilleir ann am beurla 's an gàelig John Forbes, 1848 |
| countries names in their own language: Focaloir gaoidhilge-sags-bhearla; or, An Irish-English dictionary Bp. John O'Brien, Robert Daly, Michael McGinty, 1832 |
| countries names in their own language: Placenames of the World Adrian Room, 2024-10-17 A placename is often much more than just a label. A name may bespeak the history of a nation, the culture of a people, or the hopes of an individual. Such connections are revealed in this very large reference work on placenames of the world, which offers an in-depth look at the origins of each. First published in 1997, this 2006 edition contains 6,000+ entries--natural features such as mountains, rivers and lakes and human entities such as cities and countries. Each entry includes the name of the feature; a brief description and its geographical location; and the origin of the name with relevant historical, biographical and topographical details. Appendices give the meanings of common elements of non-English placenames (e.g., Abu, as in Abu Dhabi, means father of); major placenames in European languages (e.g., Pays-Bas and Paesi Bassi are the French and Italian names, respectively, for what English speakers call the Netherlands); and transcribed Chinese-language equivalents for the names of the world's countries and capitals. |
| countries names in their own language: The Comprehensive English Dictionary, Explanatory, Pronouncing & Etymological ... John Ogilvie, 1867 |
| countries names in their own language: Discussions A-Z Advanced Adrian Wallwork, 1997-05-26 A intermediate and photocopiable resource book of speaking activities for advanced level students. |
| countries names in their own language: The Literary Gazette and Journal of the Belles Lettres, Arts, Sciences, &c , 1838 |
| countries names in their own language: Localizing Apps Johann Roturier, 2015-05-08 The software industry has undergone rapid development since the beginning of the twenty-first century. These changes have had a profound impact on translators who, due to the evolving nature of digital content, are under increasing pressure to adapt their ways of working. Localizing Apps looks at these challenges by focusing on the localization of software applications, or apps. In each of the five core chapters, Johann Roturier examines: The role of translation and other linguistic activities in adapting software to the needs of different cultures (localization); The procedures required to prepare source content before it gets localized (internationalization); The measures taken by software companies to guarantee the quality and success of a localized app. With practical tasks, suggestions for further reading and concise chapter summaries, Localizing Apps takes a comprehensive look at the transformation processes and tools used by the software industry today. This text is essential reading for students, researchers and translators working in the area of translation and creative digital media. |
| countries names in their own language: American Reference Books Annual, 2002 Bohdan S. Wynar, Libraries Unlimited, 2002-05 This source of information on comtemporary American reference works is intended for the library and information community. It has nearly 1600 descriptive and evaluative entries, and reviews material from more than 300 publishers in nearly 500 subject areas. It should help the user keep abreast of reference publications in all fields, answer everyday questions and build up reference collections. |
| countries names in their own language: Testimony of Dr. Linus Pauling United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws, 1960 Considers possible communist influence behind Dr. Linus Pauling's collection of signatures from scientists around the world to petition the U.N. to ban the use and production of nuclear weapons. |
| countries names in their own language: The Encyclopædia Britannica Thomas Spencer Baynes, 1891 |
| countries names in their own language: Americanized Encyclopaedia Britannica , 1890 |
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