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| causes of political machines: Machine Made: Tammany Hall and the Creation of Modern American Politics Terry Golway, 2014-03-03 “Golway’s revisionist take is a useful reminder of the unmatched ingenuity of American politics.”—Wall Street Journal History casts Tammany Hall as shorthand for the worst of urban politics: graft and patronage personified by notoriously crooked characters. In his groundbreaking work Machine Made, journalist and historian Terry Golway dismantles these stereotypes, focusing on the many benefits of machine politics for marginalized immigrants. As thousands sought refuge from Ireland’s potato famine, the very question of who would be included under the protection of American democracy was at stake. Tammany’s transactional politics were at the heart of crucial social reforms—such as child labor laws, workers’ compensation, and minimum wages— and Golway demonstrates that American political history cannot be understood without Tammany’s profound contribution. Culminating in FDR’s New Deal, Machine Made reveals how Tammany Hall “changed the role of government—for the better to millions of disenfranchised recent American arrivals” (New York Observer). |
| causes of political machines: The Gilded Age Mark Twain, Charles Dudley Warner, 1904 |
| causes of political machines: The Shame of the Cities Lincoln Steffens, 1957-01-01 |
| causes of political machines: Latin American Party Systems Herbert Kitschelt, Kirk A. Hawkins, Juan Pablo Luna, Guillermo Rosas, Elizabeth J. Zechmeister, 2010-02-22 Political parties provide a crucial link between voters and politicians. This link takes a variety of forms in democratic regimes, from the organization of political machines built around clientelistic networks to the establishment of sophisticated programmatic parties. Latin American Party Systems provides a novel theoretical argument to account for differences in the degree to which political party systems in the region were programmatically structured at the end of the twentieth century. Based on a diverse array of indicators and surveys of party legislators and public opinion, the book argues that learning and adaptation through fundamental policy innovations are the main mechanisms by which politicians build programmatic parties. Marshalling extensive evidence, the book's analysis shows the limits of alternative explanations and substantiates a sanguine view of programmatic competition, nevertheless recognizing that this form of party system organization is far from ubiquitous and enduring in Latin America. |
| causes of political machines: The National System of Political Economy Friedrich List, 1916 |
| causes of political machines: Politics Is for Power Eitan Hersh, 2020-01-14 A brilliant condemnation of political hobbyism—treating politics like entertainment—and a call to arms for well-meaning, well-informed citizens who consume political news, but do not take political action. Who is to blame for our broken politics? The uncomfortable answer to this question starts with ordinary citizens with good intentions. We vote (sometimes) and occasionally sign a petition or attend a rally. But we mainly “engage” by consuming politics as if it’s a sport or a hobby. We soak in daily political gossip and eat up statistics about who’s up and who’s down. We tweet and post and share. We crave outrage. The hours we spend on politics are used mainly as pastime. Instead, we should be spending the same number of hours building political organizations, implementing a long-term vision for our city or town, and getting to know our neighbors, whose votes will be needed for solving hard problems. We could be accumulating power so that when there are opportunities to make a difference—to lobby, to advocate, to mobilize—we will be ready. But most of us who are spending time on politics today are focused inward, choosing roles and activities designed for our short-term pleasure. We are repelled by the slow-and-steady activities that characterize service to the common good. In Politics Is for Power, pioneering and brilliant data analyst Eitan Hersh shows us a way toward more effective political participation. Aided by political theory, history, cutting-edge social science, as well as remarkable stories of ordinary citizens who got off their couches and took political power seriously, this book shows us how to channel our energy away from political hobbyism and toward empowering our values. |
| causes of political machines: The Encyclopedia of Chicago James R. Grossman, Ann Durkin Keating, Janice L. Reiff, Newberry Library, Chicago Historical Society, 2004 A comprehensive historical reference on metropolitan Chicago encompasses more than 1,400 entries on such topics as neighborhoods, ethnic groups, cultural institutions, and business history, and furnishes interpretive essays on the literary images of Chicago, the built environment, and the city's sports culture. |
| causes of political machines: Politics and the English Language George Orwell, 2021-01-01 George Orwell set out ‘to make political writing into an art’, and to a wide extent this aim shaped the future of English literature – his descriptions of authoritarian regimes helped to form a new vocabulary that is fundamental to understanding totalitarianism. While 1984 and Animal Farm are amongst the most popular classic novels in the English language, this new series of Orwell’s essays seeks to bring a wider selection of his writing on politics and literature to a new readership. In Politics and the English Language, the second in the Orwell’s Essays series, Orwell takes aim at the language used in politics, which, he says, ‘is designed to make lies sound truthful and murder respectable, and to give an appearance of solidity to pure wind’. In an age where the language used in politics is constantly under the microscope, Orwell’s Politics and the English Language is just as relevant today, and gives the reader a vital understanding of the tactics at play. 'A writer who can – and must – be rediscovered with every age.' — Irish Times |
| causes of political machines: Party Systems in Latin America Scott Mainwaring, 2018-02-08 This book generates a wealth of new empirical information about Latin American party systems and contributes richly to major theoretical debates about party systems and democracy. |
| causes of political machines: Plunkitt of Tammany Hall William L. Riordon, 1995-11-01 Plunkitt of Tammany Hall A Series of Very Plain Talks on Very Practical Politics William L. Riordan “Nobody thinks of drawin’ the distinction between honest graft and dishonest graft.” This classic work offers the unblushing, unvarnished wit and wisdom of one of the most fascinating figures ever to play the American political game and win. George Washington Plunkitt rose from impoverished beginnings to become ward boss of the Fifteenth Assembly District in New York, a key player in the powerhouse political team of Tammany Hall, and, not incidentally, a millionaire. In a series of utterly frank talks given at his headquarters (Graziano’s bootblack stand outside the New York County Court House), he revealed to a sharp-eared and sympathetic reporter named William L. Riordan the secrets of political success as practiced and perfected by him and fellow Tammany Hall titans. The result is not only a volume that reveals more about our political system than does a shelfful of civics textbooks, but also an irresistible portrait of a man who would feel happily at home playing ball with today’s lobbyists and king makers, trading votes for political and financial favors. Doing for twentieth-century America what Machiavelli did for Renaissance Italy, and as entertaining as it is instructive, Plunkitt of Tammany Hall is essential reading for those who prefer twenty-twenty vision to rose-colored glasses in viewing how our government works and why. With an Introduction by Peter Quinn and a New Afterword |
| causes of political machines: Principles of Political Economy John Stuart Mill, 1882 |
| causes of political machines: Making Sense of Corruption Bo Rothstein, Aiysha Varraich, 2017-03-09 This book provides a systematic analysis of how the understanding of corruption has evolved and pinpoints what constitutes corruption. |
| causes of political machines: American Government 3e Glen Krutz, Sylvie Waskiewicz, 2023-05-12 Black & white print. American Government 3e aligns with the topics and objectives of many government courses. Faculty involved in the project have endeavored to make government workings, issues, debates, and impacts meaningful and memorable to students while maintaining the conceptual coverage and rigor inherent in the subject. With this objective in mind, the content of this textbook has been developed and arranged to provide a logical progression from the fundamental principles of institutional design at the founding, to avenues of political participation, to thorough coverage of the political structures that constitute American government. The book builds upon what students have already learned and emphasizes connections between topics as well as between theory and applications. The goal of each section is to enable students not just to recognize concepts, but to work with them in ways that will be useful in later courses, future careers, and as engaged citizens. In order to help students understand the ways that government, society, and individuals interconnect, the revision includes more examples and details regarding the lived experiences of diverse groups and communities within the United States. The authors and reviewers sought to strike a balance between confronting the negative and harmful elements of American government, history, and current events, while demonstrating progress in overcoming them. In doing so, the approach seeks to provide instructors with ample opportunities to open discussions, extend and update concepts, and drive deeper engagement. |
| causes of political machines: How America Lost Its Mind Thomas E. Patterson, 2019-10-03 Americans are losing touch with reality. On virtually every issue, from climate change to immigration, tens of millions of Americans have opinions and beliefs wildly at odds with fact, rendering them unable to think sensibly about politics. In How America Lost Its Mind, Thomas E. Patterson explains the rise of a world of “alternative facts” and the slow-motion cultural and political calamity unfolding around us. We don’t have to search far for the forces that are misleading us and tearing us apart: politicians for whom division is a strategy; talk show hosts who have made an industry of outrage; news outlets that wield conflict as a marketing tool; and partisan organizations and foreign agents who spew disinformation to advance a cause, make a buck, or simply amuse themselves. The consequences are severe. How America Lost Its Mind maps a political landscape convulsed with distrust, gridlock, brinksmanship, petty feuding, and deceptive messaging. As dire as this picture is, and as unlikely as immediate relief might be, Patterson sees a way forward and underscores its urgency. A call to action, his book encourages us to wrest institutional power from ideologues and disruptors and entrust it to sensible citizens and leaders, to restore our commitment to mutual tolerance and restraint, to cleanse the Internet of fake news and disinformation, and to demand a steady supply of trustworthy and relevant information from our news sources. As philosopher Hannah Arendt wrote decades ago, the rise of demagogues is abetted by “people for whom the distinction between fact and fiction, true and false, no longer exists.” In How America Lost Its Mind, Thomas E. Patterson makes a passionate case for fully and fiercely engaging on the side of truth and mutual respect in our present arms race between fact and fake, unity and division, civility and incivility. |
| causes of political machines: State of Crisis Zygmunt Bauman, Carlo Bordoni, 2014-07-17 Today we hear much talk of crisis and comparisons are often made with the Great Depression of the 1930s, but there is a crucial difference that sets our current malaise apart from the 1930s: today we no longer trust in the capacity of the state to resolve the crisis and to chart a new way forward. In our increasingly globalized world, states have been stripped of much of their power to shape the course of events. Many of our problems are globally produced but the volume of power at the disposal of individual nation-states is simply not sufficient to cope with the problems they face. This divorce between power and politics produces a new kind of paralysis. It undermines the political agency that is needed to tackle the crisis and it saps citizens’ belief that governments can deliver on their promises. The impotence of governments goes hand in hand with the growing cynicism and distrust of citizens. Hence the current crisis is at once a crisis of agency, a crisis of representative democracy and a crisis of the sovereignty of the state. In this book the world-renowned sociologist Zygmunt Bauman and fellow traveller Carlo Bordoni explore the social and political dimensions of the current crisis. While this crisis has been greatly exacerbated by the turmoil following the financial crisis of 2007-8, Bauman and Bordoni argue that the crisis facing Western societies is rooted in a much more profound series of transformations that stretch back further in time and are producing long-lasting effects. This highly original analysis of our current predicament by two of the world’s leading social thinkers will be of interest to a wide readership. |
| causes of political machines: How the Other Half Lives Jacob Riis, 2011 |
| causes of political machines: Abortion Politics Ziad Munson, 2018-05-21 Abortion has remained one of the most volatile and polarizing issues in the United States for over four decades. Americans are more divided today than ever over abortion, and this debate colors the political, economic, and social dynamics of the country. This book provides a balanced, clear-eyed overview of the abortion debate, including the perspectives of both the pro-life and pro-choice movements. It covers the history of the debate from colonial times to the present, the mobilization of mass movements around the issue, the ways it is understood by ordinary Americans, the impact it has had on US political development, and the differences between the abortion conflict in the US and the rest of the world. Throughout these discussions, Ziad Munson demonstrates how the meaning of abortion has shifted to reflect the changing anxieties and cultural divides which it has come to represent. Abortion Politics is an invaluable companion for exploring the abortion issue and what it has to say about American society, as well as the dramatic changes in public understanding of women’s rights, medicine, religion, and partisanship. |
| causes of political machines: The Republic for which it Stands Richard White, 2017 The newest volume in the Oxford History of the United States series, The Republic for Which It Stands argues that the Gilded Age, along with Reconstruction--its conflicts, rapid and disorienting change, hopes and fears--formed the template of American modernity. |
| causes of political machines: The Political Economy of Democratic Decentralization James Manor, 1999 Nearly all countries worldwide are now experimenting with decentralization. Their motivation are diverse. Many countries are decentralizing because they believe this can help stimulate economic growth or reduce rural poverty, goals central government interventions have failed to achieve. Some countries see it as a way to strengthen civil society and deepen democracy. Some perceive it as a way to off-load expensive responsibilities onto lower level governments. Thus, decentralization is seen as a solution to many different kinds of problems. This report examines the origins and implications decentralization from a political economy perspective, with a focus on its promise and limitations. It explores why countries have often chosen not to decentralize, even when evidence suggests that doing so would be in the interests of the government. It seeks to explain why since the early 1980s many countries have undertaken some form of decentralization. This report also evaluates the evidence to understand where decentralization has considerable promise and where it does not. It identifies conditions needed for decentralization to succeed. It identifies the ways in which decentralization can promote rural development. And it names the goals which decentralization will probably not help achieve. |
| causes of political machines: These Truths: A History of the United States Jill Lepore, 2018-09-18 “Nothing short of a masterpiece.” —NPR Books A New York Times Bestseller and a Washington Post Notable Book of the Year In the most ambitious one-volume American history in decades, award-winning historian Jill Lepore offers a magisterial account of the origins and rise of a divided nation. Widely hailed for its “sweeping, sobering account of the American past” (New York Times Book Review), Jill Lepore’s one-volume history of America places truth itself—a devotion to facts, proof, and evidence—at the center of the nation’s history. The American experiment rests on three ideas—“these truths,” Jefferson called them—political equality, natural rights, and the sovereignty of the people. But has the nation, and democracy itself, delivered on that promise? These Truths tells this uniquely American story, beginning in 1492, asking whether the course of events over more than five centuries has proven the nation’s truths, or belied them. To answer that question, Lepore wrestles with the state of American politics, the legacy of slavery, the persistence of inequality, and the nature of technological change. “A nation born in contradiction… will fight, forever, over the meaning of its history,” Lepore writes, but engaging in that struggle by studying the past is part of the work of citizenship. With These Truths, Lepore has produced a book that will shape our view of American history for decades to come. |
| causes of political machines: Clientelism, Capitalism, and Democracy Didi Kuo, 2018-08-16 In the United States and Britain, capitalists organized in opposition to clientelism and demanded programmatic parties and institutional reforms. |
| causes of political machines: Time and Social Theory Barbara Adam, 2013-03-01 Time is at the forefront of contemporary scholarly inquiry across the natural sciences and the humanities. Yet the social sciences have remained substantially isolated from time-related concerns. This book argues that time should be a key part of social theory and focuses concern upon issues which have emerged as central to an understanding of today's social world. Through her analysis of time Barbara Adam shows that our contemporary social theories are firmly embedded in Newtonian science and classical dualistic philosophy. She exposes these classical frameworks of thought as inadequate to the task of conceptualizing our contemporary world of standardized time, computers, nuclear power and global telecommunications. |
| causes of political machines: Love Your Enemies Arthur C. Brooks, 2019-03-12 NATIONAL BESTSELLER To get ahead today, you have to be a jerk, right? Divisive politicians. Screaming heads on television. Angry campus activists. Twitter trolls. Today in America, there is an “outrage industrial complex” that prospers by setting American against American, creating a “culture of contempt”—the habit of seeing people who disagree with us not as merely incorrect, but as worthless and defective. Maybe, like more than nine out of ten Americans, you dislike it. But hey, either you play along, or you’ll be left behind, right? Wrong. In Love Your Enemies, social scientist and author of the #1 New York Times bestseller From Strength to Strength Arthur C. Brooks shows that abuse and outrage are not the right formula for lasting success. Brooks blends cutting-edge behavioral research, ancient wisdom, and a decade of experience leading one of America’s top policy think tanks in a work that offers a better way to lead based on bridging divides and mending relationships. Brooks’ prescriptions are unconventional. To bring America together, we shouldn’t try to agree more. There is no need for mushy moderation, because disagreement is the secret to excellence. Civility and tolerance shouldn’t be our goals, because they are hopelessly low standards. And our feelings toward our foes are irrelevant; what matters is how we choose to act. Love Your Enemies offers a clear strategy for victory for a new generation of leaders. It is a rallying cry for people hoping for a new era of American progress. Most of all, it is a roadmap to arrive at the happiness that comes when we choose to love one another, despite our differences. |
| causes of political machines: The Origins of Dominant Parties Ora John Reuter, 2017-04-27 This book asks why dominant political parties emerge in some authoritarian regimes, but not in others, focusing on Russia's experience under Putin. |
| causes of political machines: Principles of Political Economy Considered with a View to Their Practical Application Thomas Robert Malthus, 1820 Malthus has prepared in this work the general rules of political economy. He calls into question some of the reasonings of Ricardo and attempts to defend Adam Smith. |
| causes of political machines: Global Health and International Relations Colin McInnes, Kelley Lee, 2013-05-02 The long separation of health and International Relations, as distinct academic fields and policy arenas, has now dramatically changed. Health, concerned with the body, mind and spirit, has traditionally focused on disease and infirmity, whilst International Relations has been dominated by concerns of war, peace and security. Since the 1990s, however, the two fields have increasingly overlapped. How can we explain this shift and what are the implications for the future development of both fields? Colin McInnes and Kelley Lee examine four key intersections between health and International Relations today - foreign policy and health diplomacy, health and the global political economy, global health governance and global health security. The explosion of interest in these subjects has, in large part, been due to real world concerns - disease outbreaks, antibiotic resistance, counterfeit drugs and other risks to human health amid the spread of globalisation. Yet the authors contend that it is also important to understand how global health has been socially constructed, shaped in theory and practice by particular interests and normative frameworks. This groundbreaking book encourages readers to step back from problem-solving to ask how global health is being problematized in the first place, why certain agendas and issue areas are prioritised, and what determines the potential solutions put forth to address them? The palpable struggle to better understand the health risks facing a globalized world, and to strengthen collective action to deal with them effectively, begins - they argue - with a more reflexive and critical approach to this rapidly emerging subject. |
| causes of political machines: The Fourth Industrial Revolution Klaus Schwab, 2017-01-03 World-renowned economist Klaus Schwab, Founder and Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum, explains that we have an opportunity to shape the fourth industrial revolution, which will fundamentally alter how we live and work. Schwab argues that this revolution is different in scale, scope and complexity from any that have come before. Characterized by a range of new technologies that are fusing the physical, digital and biological worlds, the developments are affecting all disciplines, economies, industries and governments, and even challenging ideas about what it means to be human. Artificial intelligence is already all around us, from supercomputers, drones and virtual assistants to 3D printing, DNA sequencing, smart thermostats, wearable sensors and microchips smaller than a grain of sand. But this is just the beginning: nanomaterials 200 times stronger than steel and a million times thinner than a strand of hair and the first transplant of a 3D printed liver are already in development. Imagine “smart factories” in which global systems of manufacturing are coordinated virtually, or implantable mobile phones made of biosynthetic materials. The fourth industrial revolution, says Schwab, is more significant, and its ramifications more profound, than in any prior period of human history. He outlines the key technologies driving this revolution and discusses the major impacts expected on government, business, civil society and individuals. Schwab also offers bold ideas on how to harness these changes and shape a better future—one in which technology empowers people rather than replaces them; progress serves society rather than disrupts it; and in which innovators respect moral and ethical boundaries rather than cross them. We all have the opportunity to contribute to developing new frameworks that advance progress. |
| causes of political machines: Reflections on Empire Antonio Negri, Michael Hardt, Danilo Zolo, 2008-07-08 This new book from Antonio Negri, one of the most influential political thinkers writing today, provides a concise and accessible introduction to the key ideas of his recent work. Giving the reader a sense of the wider context in which Negri has developed the ideas that have become so central to current debates, the book is made up of five lectures which address a series of topics that are dealt with in his world-famous books empire, globalization, multitude, sovereignty, democracy. Reflections on Empire will appeal to anyone interested in current debates about the ways in which the world is changing today, to the many people who are followers of Negri's work and to students and scholars in sociology, politics and cultural studies. |
| causes of political machines: Command Of The Air General Giulio Douhet, 2014-08-15 In the pantheon of air power spokesmen, Giulio Douhet holds center stage. His writings, more often cited than perhaps actually read, appear as excerpts and aphorisms in the writings of numerous other air power spokesmen, advocates-and critics. Though a highly controversial figure, the very controversy that surrounds him offers to us a testimonial of the value and depth of his work, and the need for airmen today to become familiar with his thought. The progressive development of air power to the point where, today, it is more correct to refer to aerospace power has not outdated the notions of Douhet in the slightest In fact, in many ways, the kinds of technological capabilities that we enjoy as a global air power provider attest to the breadth of his vision. Douhet, together with Hugh “Boom” Trenchard of Great Britain and William “Billy” Mitchell of the United States, is justly recognized as one of the three great spokesmen of the early air power era. This reprint is offered in the spirit of continuing the dialogue that Douhet himself so perceptively began with the first edition of this book, published in 1921. Readers may well find much that they disagree with in this book, but also much that is of enduring value. The vital necessity of Douhet’s central vision-that command of the air is all important in modern warfare-has been proven throughout the history of wars in this century, from the fighting over the Somme to the air war over Kuwait and Iraq. |
| causes of political machines: The Children of the Poor Jacob August Riis, 1892 Jacob Riis was a Danish-born photojournalist who used his camera to draw attention to the plight of the poor. |
| causes of political machines: Who Rules America Now? G. William Domhoff, 1986 The author is convinced that there is a ruling class in America today. He examines the American power structure as it has developed in the 1980s. He presents systematic, empirical evidence that a fixed group of privileged people dominates the American economy and government. The book demonstrates that an upper class comprising only one-half of one percent of the population occupies key positions within the corporate community. It shows how leaders within this power elite reach government and dominate it through processes of special-interest lobbying, policy planning and candidate selection. It is written not to promote any political ideology, but to analyze our society with accuracy. |
| causes of political machines: Politics in Taiwan Shelley Rigger, 2002-05-03 This book shows that Taiwan, unlike other countries, avoided serious economic disruption and social conflict, and arrived at its goal of multi-party competition with little blood shed. Nonetheless, this survey reveals that for those who imagine democracy to be the panacea for every social, economic and political ill, Taiwan's continuing struggles against corruption, isolation and division offer a cautionary lesson. This book is an ideal, one-stop resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students of political science, particuarly those interested in the international politics of China, and the Asia-Pacific. |
| causes of political machines: U.S. Health in International Perspective National Research Council, Institute of Medicine, Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Committee on Population, Panel on Understanding Cross-National Health Differences Among High-Income Countries, 2013-04-12 The United States is among the wealthiest nations in the world, but it is far from the healthiest. Although life expectancy and survival rates in the United States have improved dramatically over the past century, Americans live shorter lives and experience more injuries and illnesses than people in other high-income countries. The U.S. health disadvantage cannot be attributed solely to the adverse health status of racial or ethnic minorities or poor people: even highly advantaged Americans are in worse health than their counterparts in other, peer countries. In light of the new and growing evidence about the U.S. health disadvantage, the National Institutes of Health asked the National Research Council (NRC) and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to convene a panel of experts to study the issue. The Panel on Understanding Cross-National Health Differences Among High-Income Countries examined whether the U.S. health disadvantage exists across the life span, considered potential explanations, and assessed the larger implications of the findings. U.S. Health in International Perspective presents detailed evidence on the issue, explores the possible explanations for the shorter and less healthy lives of Americans than those of people in comparable countries, and recommends actions by both government and nongovernment agencies and organizations to address the U.S. health disadvantage. |
| causes of political machines: Why Americans Still Don't Vote Frances Fox Piven, 2000-09-22 Americans take for granted that ours is the very model of a democracy. At the core of this belief is the assumption that the right to vote is firmly established. But in fact, the United States is the only major democratic nation in which the less well-off, the young, and minorities are substantially underrepresented in the electorate. Frances Fox Piven and Richard A. Cloward were key players in the long battle to reform voter registration laws that finally resulted in the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (also known as the Motor Voter law). When Why Americans Don't Vote was first published in 1988, this battle was still raging, and their book was a fiery salvo. It demonstrated that the twentieth century had witnessed a concerted effort to restrict voting by immigrants and blacks through a combination of poll taxes, literacy tests, and unwieldy voter registration requirements. Why Americans Still Don't Vote brings the story up to the present. Analyzing the results of voter registration reform, and drawing compelling historical parallels, Piven and Cloward reveal why neither of the major parties has tried to appeal to the interests of the newly registered-and thus why Americans still don't vote. |
| causes of political machines: Future War Christopher Coker, 2015-11-12 Will tomorrow's wars be dominated by autonomous drones, land robots and warriors wired into a cybernetic network which can read their thoughts? Will war be fought with greater or lesser humanity? Will it be played out in cyberspace and further afield in Low Earth Orbit? Or will it be fought more intensely still in the sprawling cities of the developing world, the grim black holes of social exclusion on our increasingly unequal planet? Will the Great Powers reinvent conflict between themselves or is war destined to become much 'smaller' both in terms of its actors and the beliefs for which they will be willing to kill? In this illuminating new book Christopher Coker takes us on an incredible journey into the future of warfare. Focusing on contemporary trends that are changing the nature and dynamics of armed conflict, he shows how conflict will continue to evolve in ways that are unlikely to render our century any less bloody than the last. With insights from philosophy, cutting-edge scientific research and popular culture, Future War is a compelling and thought-provoking meditation on the shape of war to come. |
| causes of political machines: The Donegal Mafia Paul M. Sacks, 1976-01-01 |
| causes of political machines: Lie Machines Philip N. Howard, 2020-05-01 Technology is breaking politics – what can be done about it? Artificially intelligent “bot” accounts attack politicians and public figures on social media. Conspiracy theorists publish junk news sites to promote their outlandish beliefs. Campaigners create fake dating profiles to attract young voters. We live in a world of technologies that misdirect our attention, poison our political conversations, and jeopardize our democracies. With massive amounts of social media and public polling data, and in depth interviews with political consultants, bot writers, and journalists, Philip N. Howard offers ways to take these “lie machines” apart. Lie Machines is full of riveting behind the scenes stories from the world’s biggest and most damagingly successful misinformation initiatives—including those used in Brexit and U.S. elections. Howard not only shows how these campaigns evolved from older propaganda operations but also exposes their new powers, gives us insight into their effectiveness, and shows us how to shut them down. |
| causes of political machines: Elections for Sale Frederic Charles Schaffer, 2007 |
| causes of political machines: Global Trends 2040 National Intelligence Council, 2021-03 The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come. -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading. |
| causes of political machines: The Day of the Triffids John Wyndham, 2022-04-19 The influential masterpiece of one of the twentieth century’s most brilliant—and neglected—science fiction and horror writers, whom Stephen King called “the best writer of science fiction that England has ever produced.” “[Wyndham] avoids easy allegories and instead questions the relative values of the civilisation that has been lost, the literally blind terror of humanity in the face of dominant nature. . . . Frightening and powerful, Wyndham’s vision remains an important allegory and a gripping story.”—The Guardian What if a meteor shower left most of the world blind—and humanity at the mercy of mysterious carnivorous plants? Bill Masen undergoes eye surgery and awakes the next morning in his hospital bed to find civilization collapsing. Wandering the city, he quickly realizes that surviving in this strange new world requires evading strangers and the seven-foot-tall plants known as triffids—plants that can walk and can kill a man with one quick lash of their poisonous stingers. |
grammar - When should I use "cause" and "causes"? - English …
Apr 3, 2020 · In both situations there is a lack of resources which causes people to die. This sentence should be read as follows: there's a lack of some resources, and it is this lack that's …
“cause” or “causes”? - English Language Learners Stack Exchange
Is this the only factor that causes such tragedies? In that form, the singular factor matches with the verb causes. Your sentence mixes the plural rooms with the singular factor, making it hard …
"causes of" or "causes for" - English Language Learners Stack …
Jun 10, 2020 · I want to put a title in a work: causes of/ for this problem . Now, I know that I can put simply: "causes" and no more needed. But I'm asking also for the text itself where I can't …
When we use 'to cause to be'? - English Language Learners Stack …
"Chlorine causes my hair to be (or to become) dry." I can't think of a circumstance where "to cause to be" would be preferable to "make", but it's correct as long as you're consistent with tenses. …
prepositions - Difference between "As For" and "As To" - English ...
Jan 9, 2015 · There is disagreement as to the causes of the fire. I remained uncertain as to the value of his suggestions. (2. meaning) according to, by. Example - The eggs are graded as to …
A word that means unable to die AND unable to be killed?
Dec 7, 2018 · Also note, "invincible" does not mean "unable to die from natural causes". "Invincible" means "cannot be defeated". A chess grandmaster could be "invincible", but could and probably …
How to explain when one event affects something else, and then ...
ripple effect: a situation in which one thing causes a series of other things to happen. So you could word your sentence like this: A mismatch has a ripple effect: the current edge should be …
What makes an Indian English accent hard to understand?
Nov 8, 2021 · Excellent answer! I'd add that it would probably be helpful to slightly slow everything down when speaking. The typical American parody of an Indian English accent usually involves …
determiners - English Language Learners Stack Exchange
Oct 27, 2022 · The infection of a rodent causes the infection of all the other rodents in the world. The quantity of rodents is not the focus, but rather the fact that X is a rodent versus being …
the flu VS a flu - English Language Learners Stack Exchange
Jun 18, 2018 · a common infectious illness that causes fever and headache: a flu virus to catch/get/have (the) flu. U - means uncountable. You can have more or less flu but you can't …
The Political Machine - IDE
sive political parties in the Philippines, it is networks of local political ma-chines that form political parties during elections. Such networks can rear-range themselves from election to election, …
Like Father, Like Son? How Political Dynasties Affect
Political dynasties are ubiquitous in democratic countries, even though many countries democratised to move away from hereditary rule. Nearly 50% of democratic countries have …
Graft and Governance - Yale University
Aug 6, 2002 · In both cases, the causes of corruption are the inadequate incentives of agents to comply, due to the principals’ incapacity to properly monitor agents and punish defections …
Corruption, Machine Politics, and Political Change
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EDGS WORKING PAPER - Northwestern University
May 16, 2015 · causes and the purposes of political dynasties in these types of regime may differ from one another. As a first step, the current research focuses on the rise of political dynasties …
Lincoln Steffens: The Muckraker Reconsidered - JSTOR
formers knew the causes of political evil (17). But, during his muckrak-ing years, he believed in representative government and also stressed that the people must take part in the process of …
Factional Dynamics in - SAGE Journals
allowing for nonlanded politicians to mobilise their political machines within and out-side the dictator’s dominant party. Since then, a multitude of parties has been organised around the …
INTRODUCTION - National Bureau of Economic Research
U.S. were dominated by large, well-organized, and well-documented, political machines. In this paper I. 2In other work I have addressed the internal structure of the machine, the causes of …
Module 5 Progressivism - Morrisville Borough School District
political and social changes. Document-Based Investigations Graphic Organizers Interactive Games Image Compare: Ford Factory Workers Image with Text Slider: Suffrage Victories • …
Political Machines at Work: Voter Mobilization and …
Political parties can help resolve this commitment problem. in one of the most influential treatments of machine politics, tokes argues s that political parties with tentacle-like …
Political Science - bulletin.wustl.edu
justice within the existing political system, and many people identify irresolvable disagreement, political extremism, and partisan polarization as causes of the current crisis in American …
Political Instability Causes & Affects - Semantic Scholar
Political Instability causes downfall in the social system as well and it cannot provide an active environment for society to live peacefully and cooperatively, and the welfare of human beings …
Campaign Effects and the Elusive Swing Voter in Modern …
sciences argues that political machines expertly turn citizens into clients, undermining core aspects of democracy. Using insights from behavioral theories of vote choice, I argue that …
POLITICAL MACHINES - mediaengagement.org
POLITICAL MACHINES: UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF GENERATIVE AI IN THE U.S. 2024 ELECTIONS AND BEYOND SUMMARY Propagandists are pragmatists and innovators.1 …
Published in: The New England Journal of History
evolutionary alterations for the purpose of extending the political power and activities of voters, from the time of independence when “the voters were practically restricted to the single …
Page #(s) Document Name: 2-5 1) Period 6 Summary: ?s, …
values, political institutions, and American identity. - Migration and Settlement: o Explain the causes of migration to the U.S., and analyze immigration’s effects on U.S. society. o Analyze …
Politics in the Gilded Age - Saylor Academy
It was also an era in which political corruption seemed to be the norm; practices that today would be viewed as scandalous were accepted as a matter of routine. Businessmen wantonly bribed …
Corruption, Machine Politics, and Political Change - JSTOR
theless, as all but a few beleaguered machines have succumbed to the forces of "reform," anal-ysis has replaced accusation and the central features of most machines are reasonably clear.5 …
MUNICIPAL BOND RATINGS AND POLITICAL MACHINES IN …
Despite the persistence of political machines internationally, American political machines are now largely confined to history. While some American political machines, including the infamous …
AP United States History - AP Central
or explaining multiple causes, or ... political, and social freedom and even had a government as laid out in the Mayflower Compact. Before the war, there were Navigation Acts that required …
PERCEIVED CAUSES OF POLITICAL APATHY AMONG …
the perceived causes of political apathy among Yenagoa residents in BayelsaState respectively. Thus, it was recommended, among others, that a robust programme of an informal civic …
Chapter 23 Workbook - Leon County Schools
SS.912.G.4.9 Use political maps to describe the change in boundaries and governments within continents over time. SS.912.H.1.3 Relate works in the arts to various cultures. SS.912.W.5.7 …
Reshaping American Society: How did Immigration and …
political parties became popular in the 1850s. The most famous was the "Know-Nothings." Members of the Know-Nothings movement were anti-Catholic and anti-immigrant. They were …
Hearing, Feeling and Experiencing the Sound of Democracy
the political undead: fascism. As theorist Walter Benjamin pointed out in "The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Re-production," one of fascism's modus operandi is the aestheticiza-tion of …
Corruption and Reform: Lessons from America's Economic …
cities with what we now believe to be the causes and consequences of cor-ruption. Third, I introduce a guide to corruption as it was practiced in the United States between 1880 and …
Why Do People Vote? A Psychological Analysis of the Causes …
of the Causes of Voter Turnout Joshua Harder and Jon A. Krosnick∗ Stanford University A great deal of scholarship has explored why some democratic citizens vote while others do not. This …
Politics in the Gilded Age
THE POLITICAL MACHINE An organized group that controlled the activities of a political party in a city, the political machine also offered services to voters and businesses in exchange for …
MASS POLITICAL MOBILIZATION - Princeton University
into gradually more cohesive machines—disciplining their members in favor or against the government, presenting voters with a uniWed program, and taking care to bring voters to the …
Forgotten Projects in Zimbabwe: Why Developmental Mega …
economic and political environment [3]. Globally the wealth of each country is rated by the state of its infrastructure. The success of national projects is a benchmark of socio-economic and …
The Political Influence of City Employees: Civil Service …
Apr 2, 2022 · Yet in studying the causes and consequences of state and local civil service adoption, political scientists have tended to ignore ... Hirano, and Snyder 2011), the strength of …
July 2023 More Parties, Better Parties
2. The Case for Political Parties: Why Modern Mass Democracy Needs Political Parties and Can’t Operate without Them Healthy Parties Aggregate Long-Term Policy Programs That Broker …
The 'Problem of Bureaucracy' - National Bureau of Economic …
political negotiations among the president, members of Congress, and interest groups, particularly federal employees. Understanding why the federal civil ... Congress or local political machines …
The Recent Historiography of the English Reformation
laity. Though the political decision to introduce each phase of change and the legislative alteration of statutes and canons may be dated easily enough, it is much harder to ascribe responsibility …
Popa, M. (2021). Political Machines and the Institutional …
Menes 2006, Petrova 2011). In most of them the default mode of organization of the political and administrative life was that of the “machine”. Machines were political organizations that tacked …
SCIENCE, COMMODITIES, AND CORRUPTION IN THE GILDED …
Gilded Age, are themselves the ideological products of the period's struggles for political, econom-ic, and social power. It does so by exploring fierce disputes over how to value sugar, a crucial …
Understanding China-US Trade War: Causes, Economic …
residential washing machines, as well as solar cells and modules.1 These conflicts have engendered a full-fledged trade war. Against the backdrop of threats of further tariffs and …
Patrons, Clients, and Policies
Political Science at Stanford University Federico Estev´ ez is Professor of Political Science at the Instituto Tec-nolog´ ico Autonomo´ de Mexico´ (ITAM) Henry E. Hale is Assistant Professor of …
POSC 325 Corruption, Clientelism, and Political Machines …
ELECTORAL POLITICS AND POLITICAL MACHINES Corruption, Clientelism, and Political Institutions (Monday, April 23) Fisman and Golden, ch. 7. Rose-Ackerman and Palifka, ch. 11. …
The Coevolution of Networks and Political Attitudes - Ohio …
This imbalance causes discomfort. The imbalance may be resolved by dis-solving the interpersonal relationship, or by one individual bringing his or her attitude into ... political …
MUNICIPAL BOND RATINGS AND POLITICAL MACHINES IN …
Despite the persistence of political machines internationally, American political machines are now largely confined to history. While some American political machines, including the infamous …
Factors Underlying the Growth of Local Government in the …
underlying causes of government growth, so an analysis of 19th century local government growth, which looks at an earlier time period and different level of government than is most often …
Corruption and Government - Yale University
the system together and prevent violent disintegration. Political leaders buy off powerful private actors with patronage, and powerful private actors, including criminal groups and wealthy …
UNIT 14 POLITICAL VIOLENCE - eGyanKosh
14.4 Causes of Political Violence 14.4.1 General Causes of Political Violence 14.4.2 The Concept of National Self-Determination 14.4.3 Ideology 14.4.4 Religious and Ethnic Conflicts ...
Les machines politiques aux Etats-Unis. Clientélisme et …
finger propose de distinguer le clientélisme (machine politics) des machines politiques (political machines) 2. Le clientélisme est consubstantiel à la politique, à moins d’imaginer un monde …
Political Machinery: Automation Anxiety and the 2016 U.S.
Political Machinery: Automation Anxiety and the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election Carl Benedikt Frey Thor Berger Chinchih Chen July 23, 2017 Abstract Was the 2016 U.S. Presidential …
ELECTION HANDBOOK of the STATE OF NEW MEXICO 2021 …
does not include a qualified political party in an election in which the political party is represented on the ballot. History: Laws 2011, ch. 137, § 2; 2019, ch. 212, § 1. 1-1-4. Qualified elector. A. As …
Understanding Central American Politics - JSTOR
nonviolent, democratic exception to standard Central American political patterns. Each case study consists of three chapters: the first two trace the country's political and social history until mid …
Political Instability In Pakistan: Challenges and Remedies
volatility. Low political culture, weak political parties, and state uncertainty have all been blamed for the current political climate of uncertainty. It has been blamed for dampening economic …
Politics in the Gilded Age - Montgomery Township School …
THE POLITICAL MACHINE . An organized group that controlled the activities of a political party in a city, the . political machine . also offered services to voters. and businesses in exchange for …
THE TEACHING OF HISTORY OF RWANDA A PARTICIPATORY …
concerned clan in the political, socio-economic or even cultural aspect. ! Finally let us indicate, and this is quite important, that the lineage is a unit of a sub-clan in a given clan and this could …
