Advertisement
| creating a prisma flow diagram: WHO guideline on mass drug administration of azithromycin to children under five years of age to promote child survival World Health Organization, 2020-09-30 The purpose of the guideline was to provide an evidence-informed recommendation on whether mass drug administration of azithromycin, as a public health intervention for the reduction of under-five mortality, should (a) be rolled out universally in low- and middle-income countries, (b) be applied only in some situational contexts in low-and middle-income countries or (c) not be used at all. |
| creating a prisma flow diagram: Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Julian P. T. Higgins, Sally Green, 2008-11-24 Healthcare providers, consumers, researchers and policy makers are inundated with unmanageable amounts of information, including evidence from healthcare research. It has become impossible for all to have the time and resources to find, appraise and interpret this evidence and incorporate it into healthcare decisions. Cochrane Reviews respond to this challenge by identifying, appraising and synthesizing research-based evidence and presenting it in a standardized format, published in The Cochrane Library (www.thecochranelibrary.com). The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions contains methodological guidance for the preparation and maintenance of Cochrane intervention reviews. Written in a clear and accessible format, it is the essential manual for all those preparing, maintaining and reading Cochrane reviews. Many of the principles and methods described here are appropriate for systematic reviews applied to other types of research and to systematic reviews of interventions undertaken by others. It is hoped therefore that this book will be invaluable to all those who want to understand the role of systematic reviews, critically appraise published reviews or perform reviews themselves. |
| creating a prisma flow diagram: An Introduction to Systematic Reviews David Gough, Sandy Oliver, James Thomas, 2012-03-22 This timely, engaging book provides an overview of the nature, logic, diversity and process of undertaking systematic reviews as part of evidence informed decision making. A focused, accessible and technically up-to-date book, it covers the full breadth of approaches to reviews from statistical meta analysis to meta ethnography. It is ideal for anyone undertaking their own systematic review - providing all the necessary conceptual and technical background needed to make a good start on the process. The content is divided into five clear sections: • Approaches to reviewing • Getting started • Gathering and describing research • Appraising and synthesising data • Making use of reviews/models of research use. Easy to read and logically structured, this book is essential reading for anyone doing systematic reviews. David Gough is Professor of Evidence Informed Policy and Practice and Director of SSRU and its EPPI-Centre and Co-Editor of the journal Evidence & Policy. Sandy Oliver is Professor of Public Policy and Deputy Director of SSRU and its EPPI-Centre. James Thomas is Reader in Social Policy, Assistant Director of SSRU and Associate Direcctor of the EPPI-Centre. |
| creating a prisma flow diagram: Systematic Approaches to a Successful Literature Review Andrew Booth, Anthea Sutton, Diana Papaioannou, 2016-05-28 Showing you how to take a structured and organized approach to a wide range of literature review types, this book helps you to choose which approach is right for your research. Packed with constructive tools, examples, case studies and hands-on exercises, the book covers the full range of literature review techniques. New to This Edition: Full re-organization takes you step-by-step through the process from beginning to end New chapter showing you how to choose the right method for your project Practical guidance on integrating qualitative and quantitative data New coverage of rapid reviews Comprehensive inclusion of literature review tools, including concept analysis, scoping and mapping With an emphasis on the practical skills, this guide is essential for any student or researcher needing to get from first steps to a successful literature review. |
| creating a prisma flow diagram: Systematic Reviews in Health Care Matthias Egger, George Davey-Smith, Douglas Altman, 2008-04-15 The second edition of this best-selling book has been thoroughly revised and expanded to reflect the significant changes and advances made in systematic reviewing. New features include discussion on the rationale, meta-analyses of prognostic and diagnostic studies and software, and the use of systematic reviews in practice. |
| creating a prisma flow diagram: Finding What Works in Health Care Institute of Medicine, Board on Health Care Services, Committee on Standards for Systematic Reviews of Comparative Effectiveness Research, 2011-07-20 Healthcare decision makers in search of reliable information that compares health interventions increasingly turn to systematic reviews for the best summary of the evidence. Systematic reviews identify, select, assess, and synthesize the findings of similar but separate studies, and can help clarify what is known and not known about the potential benefits and harms of drugs, devices, and other healthcare services. Systematic reviews can be helpful for clinicians who want to integrate research findings into their daily practices, for patients to make well-informed choices about their own care, for professional medical societies and other organizations that develop clinical practice guidelines. Too often systematic reviews are of uncertain or poor quality. There are no universally accepted standards for developing systematic reviews leading to variability in how conflicts of interest and biases are handled, how evidence is appraised, and the overall scientific rigor of the process. In Finding What Works in Health Care the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommends 21 standards for developing high-quality systematic reviews of comparative effectiveness research. The standards address the entire systematic review process from the initial steps of formulating the topic and building the review team to producing a detailed final report that synthesizes what the evidence shows and where knowledge gaps remain. Finding What Works in Health Care also proposes a framework for improving the quality of the science underpinning systematic reviews. This book will serve as a vital resource for both sponsors and producers of systematic reviews of comparative effectiveness research. |
| creating a prisma flow diagram: Meta-Ethnography George W. Noblit, R. Dwight Hare, 1988-02 How can ethnographic studies be generalized, in contrast to concentrating on the individual case? Noblit and Hare propose a new method for synthesizing from qualitative studies: meta-ethnography. After citing the criteria to be used in comparing qualitative research projects, the authors define the ways these can then be aggregated to create more cogent syntheses of research. Using examples from numerous studies ranging from ethnographic work in educational settings to the Mead-Freeman controversy over Samoan youth, Meta-Ethnography offers useful procedural advice from both comparative and cumulative analyses of qualitative data. This provocative volume will be read with interest by researchers and students in qualitative research methods, ethnography, education, sociology, and anthropology. After defining metaphor and synthesis, these authors provide a step-by-step program that will allow the researcher to show similarity (reciprocal translation), difference (refutation), or similarity at a higher level (lines or argument synthesis) among sample studies....Contain(s) valuable strategies at a seldom-used level of analysis. --Contemporary Sociology The authors made an important contribution by reframing how we think of ethnography comparison in a way that is compatible with the new developments in interpretive ethnography. Meta-Ethnography is well worth consulting for the problem definition it offers. --The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease This book had to be written and I am pleased it was. Someone needed to break the ice and offer a strategy for summarizing multiple ethnographic studies. Noblit and Hare have done a commendable job of giving the research community one approach for doing so. Further, no one else can now venture into this area of synthesizing qualitative studies without making references to and positioning themselves vis-a-vis this volume. -Educational Studies |
| creating a prisma flow diagram: Piecing Together Systematic Reviews and Other Evidence Syntheses Sarah T. Jewell, 2022-10-17 Systematic reviews and other evidence syntheses have a vital role in summarizing the literature, exploring gaps in research, prioritizing new research, and providing literature to support decision-making and evidence-based practices. Librarians adapt their practices as members of the higher education and research community. If they consult and teach with researchers, faculty, and students, review methods will likely be a part of their work. Piecing Together Systematic Reviews and Other Evidence Syntheses: A Guide for Librarians aims to be the definitive text on systematic reviews for librarians, information professionals, and expert searchers. Starting with an introduction to evidence syntheses, the book follows the acronym PIECCESS, a framework for the 8 phases which flow through 8 processes. The 8 phases are (1) Proposal of scope; (2) Protocol registration; (3) Preliminary findings; (4) Paper completion; (5) Preserve project; (6) Promote to stakeholders; (7) Impact compilation; (8) Updating the review. The 8 processes are Plan, Identify, Evaluate, Collect, Combine, Explain, Summarize, and Share. After the processes of a review project are covered, guidance for developing and running a service is provided as well as teaching reviews and training for librarians. The intended audience for this book is any librarian interested in consulting, collaborating, completing, or teaching reviews. It has several applications: for training librarians new to reviews, for those developing a new review service, for those wanting to establish policies for current service, and as a reference for those conducting reviews or running a service. Participating in reviews is a new frontier of librarianship, with expanded opportunities for new service, research areas, and professional activities. This book is part of the effort to standardize best practices when engaging in evidence syntheses. |
| creating a prisma flow diagram: Systematic Reviews University of York. Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, 2009 |
| creating a prisma flow diagram: Doing a Literature Review in Nursing, Health and Social Care Michael Coughlan, Patricia Cronin, 2016-11-26 How do I start my literature review? What sources can I go to for information? How do I analyse the work of others? This clear, practical book guides readers undertaking their own literature review through the process, giving them the skills and knowledge they need for success. The chapters address: - Different types of literature reviews - Critically analysing material - Presenting the final piece of work - Best practice in referencing and plagiarism - Systematic approaches to literature reviews It will be an essential guide for all nursing and all allied healthcare students, as well as professionals working in practice. |
| creating a prisma flow diagram: Presenting Medical Statistics from Proposal to Publication Janet L. Peacock, Sally M. Kerry, Raymond R. Balise, 2017-07-21 As many medical and healthcare researchers have a love-hate relationship with statistics, the second edition of this practical reference book may make all the difference. Using practical examples, mainly from the authors' own research, the book explains how to make sense of statistics, turn statistical computer output into coherent information, and help decide which pieces of information to report and how to present them. The book takes you through all the stages of the research process, from the initial research proposal, through ethical approval and data analysis, to reporting on and publishing the findings. Helpful tips and information boxes, offer clear guidance throughout, including easily followed instructions on how to: -develop a quantitative research proposal for ethical/institutional approval or research funding -write up the statistical aspects of a paper for publication -choose and perform simple and more advanced statistical analyses -describe the statistical methods and present the results of an analysis. This new edition covers a wider range of statistical programs - SAS, STATA, R, and SPSS, and shows the commands needed to obtain the analyses and how to present it, whichever program you are using. Each specific example is annotated to indicate other scenarios that can be analysed using the same methods, allowing you to easily transpose the knowledge gained from the book to your own research. The principles of good presentation are also covered in detail, from translating relevant results into suitable extracts, through to randomised controlled trials, and how to present a meta-analysis. An added ingredient is the inclusion of code and datasets for all analyses shown in the book on our website (http://medical-statistics.info). Written by three experienced biostatisticians based in the UK and US, this is a step-by-step guide that will be invaluable to researchers and postgraduate students in medicine, those working in the professions allied to medicine, and statisticians in consultancy roles. |
| creating a prisma flow diagram: A Step-by-Step Guide to Conducting an Integrative Review Coleen E. Toronto, Ruth Remington, 2020-02-17 This book provides guidance to readers for how to conduct an integrative review. Over the decades, with the expansion of evidence-based practice (EBP), the evolution of methods used in reviews has resulted in a wide spectrum of review types. Due to the overlapping characteristics of the various review methods, confusion exists related to terminology, descriptions and methods of each type. To fill this gap, this book examines components necessary to conduct a rigorous integrative review from formulating questions through dissemination of the results of the review. Each chapter focuses on one component or step in this process and is written in a straightforward and readable manner. An integrative review is considered by many as an actual research study, hence it should be approached following established research methods involving well‐defined steps. The integrative review is often compared with the systematic review. Both are used in healthcare research and follow a systematic process in reviewing literature and developing recommendations, but there are important differences that are addressed in the book. Evidence-based practice (EBP) demands high quality, rigorous evidence for nurse clinicians to make informed decisions with and for their patients. In nursing education, the integrative review is a frequent capstone project for graduate students and forms the basis for many doctoral projects. The Integrative review process should be valid, reliable and transparent and this book provides clear guidelines for writing an integrative review for students, educators, clinicians, and researchers. This book is a useful addition to courses for both undergraduate and graduate level writers of integrative reviews. In academia, a likely adoption would be in graduate research and research methods courses, and baccalaureate honor courses. |
| creating a prisma flow diagram: Researching English Medium Instruction Samantha M. Curle, Jack Pun, 2024-06-30 Unlock advanced EMI research with unique quantitative methods. Dive deep, fill gaps, and elevate your studies in the EMI realm. |
| creating a prisma flow diagram: Emergency Medical Services Project North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society, 1974 |
| creating a prisma flow diagram: Systematic Reviews in Educational Research Olaf Zawacki-Richter, Michael Kerres, Svenja Bedenlier, Melissa Bond, Katja Buntins, 2019-11-21 In this open access edited volume, international researchers of the field describe and discuss the systematic review method in its application to research in education. Alongside fundamental methodical considerations, reflections and practice examples are included and provide an introduction and overview on systematic reviews in education research. |
| creating a prisma flow diagram: How to Practice Academic Medicine and Publish from Developing Countries? Samiran Nundy, Atul Kakar, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, 2021-10-23 This is an open access book. The book provides an overview of the state of research in developing countries – Africa, Latin America, and Asia (especially India) and why research and publications are important in these regions. It addresses budding but struggling academics in low and middle-income countries. It is written mainly by senior colleagues who have experienced and recognized the challenges with design, documentation, and publication of health research in the developing world. The book includes short chapters providing insight into planning research at the undergraduate or postgraduate level, issues related to research ethics, and conduct of clinical trials. It also serves as a guide towards establishing a research question and research methodology. It covers important concepts such as writing a paper, the submission process, dealing with rejection and revisions, and covers additional topics such as planning lectures and presentations. The book will be useful for graduates, postgraduates, teachers as well as physicians and practitioners all over the developing world who are interested in academic medicine and wish to do medical research. |
| creating a prisma flow diagram: Systematic Reviews in Health Research Matthias Egger, Julian P. T. Higgins, George Davey Smith, 2022-06-21 Systematic Reviews in Health Research Explore the cutting-edge of systematic reviews in healthcare In this Third Edition of the classic Systematic Reviews textbook, now titled Systematic Reviews in Health Research, a team of distinguished researchers deliver a comprehensive and authoritative guide to the rapidly evolving area of systematic reviews and meta-analysis. The book demonstrates why systematic reviews—when conducted properly—provide the highest quality evidence on clinical and public health interventions and shows how they contribute to inference in many other contexts. The new edition reflects the broad role of systematic reviews, including: Twelve new chapters, covering additional study designs, methods and software, for example, on genetic association studies, prediction models, prevalence studies, network and dose-response meta-analysis Thorough update of 15 chapters focusing on systematic reviews of interventions Access to a companion website offering supplementary materials and practical exercises (www.systematic-reviews3.org) A key text for health researchers, Systematic Reviews in Health Research is also an indispensable resource for practitioners, students, and instructors in the health sciences needing to understand research synthesis. |
| creating a prisma flow diagram: A good death from the perspective of patients with severe illness and advance care planning (ACP) in patients near end-of-life Lisa Kastbom, 2021-03-23 Previous research has indicated that what constitutes a good death is heterogenic and complex although there are some recurrent themes and similarities regardless individual background factors. Studies on advance care planning (ACP), i.e. making proactive plans regarding content of care and treatment limitations, on nursing home (NH) patients are rare. Positive effects of ACPs are shown, but also that these often are lacking. The overall aim with this thesis was to explore the perceptions of a good death from the perspective of patients with severe illness and to investigate, from different perspectives, experiences of ACP in a NH context. In paper I, patients with cancer in a palliative phase were interviewed on their perceptions of a good death. Death was viewed as a process and previous experiences on the death of others influenced their own perceptions. A good death was associated with living with the prospect of imminent death, preparing oneself and others for one’s death and dying comfortably, e.g. without suffering, with independence and with social relations intact. Some were comforted by their belief that death is predetermined, and that after death, there is something else. Others felt uncomfortable when they viewed death as the end of the existence. In paper II, nurses and physicians were interviewed on their experiences of the factors that shape the ACP process in NHs. Exploration of the patient’s preferences regarding content of care and treatment limitations was important, as well as integration of the patient’s preferences and the views of the family members and staff concerning these questions. ACP documentation had to be clear, updated and available for staff and the implementation and reevaluation of ACP were also considered important, according to the participants. Significance of clinicians’ perceiving beneficence as well as fear of accusations of maleficence were shown to be essential factors to contemplate. In a retrospective chart review (paper III), medical records of 367 deceased NH patients were analysed. A high prevalence of ACP was shown, using two different definitions of ACP (ACP I and ACP II). Moreover, adherence to the ACP content was strong and positive associations were seen between ACP and variables of the three research aims, such as: diagnosis (dementia), physician attendance at NH and end-of-life (EOL) care. In paper IV, family members of deceased NH patients were interviewed on their experiences of ACP in NHs. EOL issues were challenging to talk about, although the family members appreciated staff raising these questions. The patient’s preferences were sometimes explicitly or implicitly communicated. However, in some cases, family members had a feeling of the patient’s preferences, although they had not been clearly communicated. Everyday details symbolised staff commitment. The family members viewed the nurse as central. The physician was described as absent and ACP meetings often went unnoticed. Both involvement and lack of involvement could cause the family members feelings of guilt. In conclusion, we found that what constitutes a good death is highly individual, although recurrent themes are seen. EOL conversations are important and challenging and need staff training and experience. It seems important to support healthcare staff not only to initiate ACP in NH patients, but also to involve the patient and family members in the ACP and planning EOL care. Making proactive plans regarding content of care including treatment limitations, could enable patient autonomy, optimise the chances for the patient to experience a good death and enhance for the family members during the dying trajectory and after the patient’s death. |
| creating a prisma flow diagram: Review of the Draft NTP Monograph National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Committee to Review the NTP Monograph on the Systematic Review of Fluoride Exposure and Neurodevelopmental and Cognitive Health Effects, 2020-03-18 The National Toxicology Program (NTP) conducted a systematic review of the evidence of adverse neurodevelopmental and cognitive effects of fluoride exposure. NTP's conclusions are summarized in the monograph Systematic Review of Fluoride Exposure and Neurodevelopmental and Cognitive Health Effects. At the request of NTP, a committee convened by the National Academies reviewed their monograph to ensure the integrity of that report. It is important to note that the committee was tasked with reviewing the monograph and focused its efforts on evaluating whether evidence as presented in the monograph supported NTP's conclusions. Thus, it did not conduct its own independent evaluation of the evidence, and it did not conduct a data audit. However, it did review some key literature to enable its review of the monograph. Review of the Draft NTP Monograph contains findings and suggestions for improvements and some overarching findings concerning methods, assessment of animal and human evidence, and NTP's hazard conclusion. |
| creating a prisma flow diagram: Evidence Based Physical Therapy Linda Fetters, Julie Tilson, 2018-10-02 Improve outcomes through evidence-based therapy. This practical, easy-to-use guide uses a five-step process to show you how to find, appraise, and apply the research in the literature to meet your patient’s goals. You'll learn how to develop evidence-based questions specific to your clinical decisions and conduct efficient and effective searches of print and online sources to identify the most relevant and highest quality evidence. Then, you'll undertake a careful appraisal of the information; interpret the research; and synthesize the results to generate valid answers to your questions. And, finally, you'll use the Critically Appraised Topic (CAT) tool to communicate your findings. See what practitioners and students are saying about the previous edition… Great resource for applying evidence to practice. “The book is very clearly written with clinical examples, and in-depth questions. If you want a comprehensive book on statistics this is not the book for you, but it is an easily understandable introduction to physical therapy research which will help you to interpret the literature and apply it to your patients.” |
| creating a prisma flow diagram: Comprehensive Systematic Review for Advanced Practice Nursing Cheryl Holly, EdD, RN, ANEF, FNAP, Susan Salmond, EdD, RN, FAAN, Maria Saimbert, PhD, PharmD, MSN, MLIS, RN, 2016-07-14 First Edition a 2013 Doody’s Core Title and AJN Book of the Year Award Winner! This text provides top-tier guidance for DNP students, graduate faculty, APRNs and other healthcare providers on how to use available research for improving patient outcomes and reducing costs. It is the only resource written expressly to meet the objectives of DNP courses. This second edition is completely updated and features three new approaches—umbrella reviews, mixed method reviews, and other types of reviews--for seeking, synthesizing, and interpreting available evidence to improve the delivery of patient care. The text also includes two new examples of completed systematic reviews and two completed proposals. The book presents, clearly and comprehensively, the knowledge and skills necessary to conduct a foundational comprehensive systematic review (CSR). It encompasses the complexities of the entire process, from asking clinical questions to getting the evidence into practice. The text includes question-specific methods and analysis and compares CSR methods, literature reviews, integrated reviews, and meta-studies. It describes how to find and appraise relevant studies, including the non-published “grey” literature and criteria for selecting or excluding studies, and describes how to use the results in practice. Also examined are ways to disemminate findings to benefit clinical practice and support best practices, and how to write a CSR proposal, final report and a policy brief based on systematic review findings. Plentiful examples, including two completed proposals and two completed systematic reviews, demonstrate every step of the process. An expanded resource chapter that can serve as a toolkit for conducting a systematic review is also provided. The text also covers useful software and includes objectives, summary points, end-of-chapter exercises, suggested readings and references. New to the Second Edition: • Three new chapters presenting new systematic review approaches: umbrella reviews, mixed method reviews, and other types of reviews including rapid and scoping reviews and reviews of text and opinoin • Two new examples of completed systematic reviews • Completely updated content throughout • Detailed information to foster systematic review research question development, efficient literature searches, and management of references Key Features: • Delivers the knowledge and skills necessary to conduct a CSR from start to finish • Serves as the only CSR resource written expressly for the advanced practice nurse • Describes useful software for conducting a systematic review • Provides rich examples including two completed CSRs • Includes objectives, summary points, end-of-chapter exercises, suggested readings and references • Provides a comprehensive toolkit of resources to complete a systematic review |
| creating a prisma flow diagram: Doing Meta-Analysis with R Mathias Harrer, Pim Cuijpers, Toshi A. Furukawa, David D. Ebert, 2021-09-15 Doing Meta-Analysis with R: A Hands-On Guide serves as an accessible introduction on how meta-analyses can be conducted in R. Essential steps for meta-analysis are covered, including calculation and pooling of outcome measures, forest plots, heterogeneity diagnostics, subgroup analyses, meta-regression, methods to control for publication bias, risk of bias assessments and plotting tools. Advanced but highly relevant topics such as network meta-analysis, multi-three-level meta-analyses, Bayesian meta-analysis approaches and SEM meta-analysis are also covered. A companion R package, dmetar, is introduced at the beginning of the guide. It contains data sets and several helper functions for the meta and metafor package used in the guide. The programming and statistical background covered in the book are kept at a non-expert level, making the book widely accessible. Features • Contains two introductory chapters on how to set up an R environment and do basic imports/manipulations of meta-analysis data, including exercises • Describes statistical concepts clearly and concisely before applying them in R • Includes step-by-step guidance through the coding required to perform meta-analyses, and a companion R package for the book |
| creating a prisma flow diagram: Writing and Publishing Scientific Papers Gábor Lövei, 2021-05-19 Gábor Lövei’s scientific communication course for students and scientists explores the intricacies involved in publishing primary scientific papers, and has been taught in more than twenty countries. Writing and Publishing Scientific Papers is the distillation of Lövei’s lecture notes and experience gathered over two decades; it is the coursebook many have been waiting for. The book’s three main sections correspond with the three main stages of a paper’s journey from idea to print: planning, writing, and publishing. Within the book’s chapters, complex questions such as ‘How to write the introduction?’ or ‘How to submit a manuscript?’ are broken down into smaller, more manageable problems that are then discussed in a straightforward, conversational manner, providing an easy and enjoyable reading experience. Writing and Publishing Scientific Papers stands out from its field by targeting scientists whose first language is not English. While also touching on matters of style and grammar, the book’s main goal is to advise on first principles of communication. This book is an excellent resource for any student or scientist wishing to learn more about the scientific publishing process and scientific communication. It will be especially useful to those coming from outside the English-speaking world and looking for a comprehensive guide for publishing their work in English. |
| creating a prisma flow diagram: Summing Up Richard J. LIGHT, David B. Pillemer, Richard J Light, 2009-06-30 How can a scientist or policy analyst summarize and evaluate what is already known about a particular topic? This book offers practical guidance. The amount and diversity of information generated by academic and policy researchers in the contemporary world is staggering. How is an investigator to cope with the tens or even hundreds of studies on a particular problem? How can conflicting findings be reconciled? Richard Light and David Pillemer have developed both general guidelines and step-by-step procedures that can be used to synthesize existing data. They show how to apply quantitative methods, including the newest statistical procedures and simple graphical displays, to evaluate a mass of studies and combine separate data sets. At the same time, they insist on the value of qualitative information, of asking the right questions, and of considering the context in which research is conducted. The authors use exemplary reviews in education, psychology, health, and the policy sciences to illustrate their suggestions. Written in nontechnical language and addressed to the beginning researcher as well as to the practicing professional, Summing Up will set a new standard for valid research reviews and is likely to become a methodological classic. |
| creating a prisma flow diagram: Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making Cengiz Kahraman, 2008-08-09 This work examines all the fuzzy multicriteria methods recently developed, such as fuzzy AHP, fuzzy TOPSIS, interactive fuzzy multiobjective stochastic linear programming, fuzzy multiobjective dynamic programming, grey fuzzy multiobjective optimization, fuzzy multiobjective geometric programming, and more. Each of the 22 chapters includes practical applications along with new developments/results. This book may be used as a textbook in graduate operations research, industrial engineering, and economics courses. It will also be an excellent resource, providing new suggestions and directions for further research, for computer programmers, mathematicians, and scientists in a variety of disciplines where multicriteria decision making is needed. |
| creating a prisma flow diagram: Publication Bias in Meta-Analysis Hannah R. Rothstein, Alexander J. Sutton, Michael Borenstein, 2005-11-18 Publication bias is the tendency to decide to publish a study based on the results of the study, rather than on the basis of its theoretical or methodological quality. It can arise from selective publication of favorable results, or of statistically significant results. This threatens the validity of conclusions drawn from reviews of published scientific research. Meta-analysis is now used in numerous scientific disciplines, summarizing quantitative evidence from multiple studies. If the literature being synthesised has been affected by publication bias, this in turn biases the meta-analytic results, potentially producing overstated conclusions. Publication Bias in Meta-Analysis examines the different types of publication bias, and presents the methods for estimating and reducing publication bias, or eliminating it altogether. Written by leading experts, adopting a practical and multidisciplinary approach. Provides comprehensive coverage of the topic including: Different types of publication bias, Mechanisms that may induce them, Empirical evidence for their existence, Statistical methods to address them, Ways in which they can be avoided. Features worked examples and common data sets throughout. Explains and compares all available software used for analysing and reducing publication bias. Accompanied by a website featuring software, data sets and further material. Publication Bias in Meta-Analysis adopts an inter-disciplinary approach and will make an excellent reference volume for any researchers and graduate students who conduct systematic reviews or meta-analyses. University and medical libraries, as well as pharmaceutical companies and government regulatory agencies, will also find this invaluable. |
| creating a prisma flow diagram: Facing Cancer Together: Current Research and Future Perspectives on Psychosocial, Relational, and Intervention Approaches for Couples Linda Charvoz, Chiara Acquati, Aurélie Untas, Tanja Zimmermann, 2023-11-01 In recent decades a growing number of studies have described cancer as a “we-disease”. Patients with cancer as well as intimate partners experienced psychological distress. Studies displayed that various relational factors (e.g., attachment style, mutuality, etc.) such as diverse close relationship processes (e.g., dyadic coping, communication, shared-decision making, etc.) have an impact on individual (e.g., physical and psychological health, quality of life) and dyadic (e.g., marital quality and satisfaction, sexual and reproductive health, etc.) outcomes. Thus, programs reducing psychological distress and enhancing dyadic processes were developed. |
| creating a prisma flow diagram: Individual Differences and Task-Based Language Teaching Shaofeng Li, 2024-06-06 This volume consists of a collection of empirical studies and research syntheses investigating the role of individual difference (ID) variables in task-based language teaching (TBLT)—a pedagogical approach that emphasizes the importance of the performance of meaning-oriented tasks in facilitating second language learning. TBLT is subject to learner-external as well as learner-internal factors, with the former referring to task- and context-related factors, and the latter to ID factors pertaining to learner traits, dispositions, or propensities. To date, the research has focused primarily on learner-external factors, and there has been insufficient and unsystematic research on individual difference factors. This volume brings centre stage this important but under-researched dimension by means of a comprehensive, in-depth examination of the role of key ID factors in TBLT. The volume integrates theory, research, and pedagogy by spelling out the mechanism through which IDs influence learning attainment, behaviours, and processes, examining evidence for theoretical claims, and discussing ways to apply research findings and cater to individual differences in the task-based classroom. |
| creating a prisma flow diagram: Proceedings of the Future Technologies Conference (FTC) 2022, Volume 3 Kohei Arai, 2022-10-13 The seventh Future Technologies Conference 2022 was organized in a hybrid mode. It received a total of 511 submissions from learned scholars, academicians, engineers, scientists and students across many countries. The papers included the wide arena of studies like Computing, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Vision, Ambient Intelligence and Security and their jaw- breaking application to the real world. After a double-blind peer review process 177 submissions have been selected to be included in these proceedings. One of the prominent contributions of this conference is the confluence of distinguished researchers who not only enthralled us by their priceless studies but also paved way for future area of research. The papers provide amicable solutions to many vexing problems across diverse fields. They also are a window to the future world which is completely governed by technology and its multiple applications. We hope that the readers find this volume interesting and inspiring and render their enthusiastic support towards it. |
| creating a prisma flow diagram: Quantitative Tourism Research in Asia Sajad Rezaei, 2018-12-14 The purpose of this book is twofold. First, this book is an attempt to map the state of quantitative research in Asian tourism and hospitality context and provide a detailed description of the design, implementation, application, and challenges of quantitative methods in tourism in Asia. Second, this book aims to contribute to the tourism literature by discussing the past, current and future quantitative data analysis methods. The book offers new insights into well-established research techniques such as regression analysis, but goes beyond first generation data analysis techniques to introduce methods seldom – if ever – used in tourism and hospitality research. In addition to investigating existing and novel research techniques, the book suggests areas for future studies. In order to achieve its objectives the analysis is split into three main sections: understanding the tourism industry in Asia; the current status of quantitative data analysis; and future directions for Asian tourism research. |
| creating a prisma flow diagram: Assembling the Pieces of a Systematic Review Margaret J. Foster, Sarah T. Jewell, 2017-03-03 Here is a complete guide for librarians seeking to launch or refine their systematic review services. Conducting searches for systematic reviews goes beyond expert searching and requires an understanding of the entire process of the systematic review. Just as expert searching is not fully mastered by the end of a library degree, mastering the systematic review process takes a great deal of time and practice. Attending workshops and webinars can introduce the topic, but application of the knowledge through practice is required. Running a systematic review service is complicated and requires constant updating and evaluation with new standards, more efficient methods, and improved reporting guidelines. After a brief introduction to systematic reviews, the book guides librarians in defining and marketing their services, covering topics such as when it is appropriate to ask for co-authorship and how to reach out to stakeholders. Next, it addresses developing documentation and conducting the reference interview. Standards specific to systematic reviews, including PRISMA, Institute of Medicine, and Cochrane Collaboration, are discussed. Search strategy techniques, including choosing databases, harvesting search terms, selecting filters, and searching for grey literature are detailed. Data management and critical appraisal are covered in detail. Finally, the best practices for reporting the findings of systematic reviews are highlighted. Experts with experience in both systematic reviews and librarianship, including the editors of the book, contributed to the chapters. Each step (or piece) of the review process (Planning the review, Identifying the studies, Evaluating studies, Collecting and combining data, Explaining the results, and Summarizing the review into a report), are covered with emphasis on information roles. The book is for any librarian interested in conducting reviews or assisting others with reviews. It has several applications: for training librarians new to systematic reviews, for those developing a new systematic review service, for those wanting to establish protocols for a current service, and as a reference for those conducting reviews or running a service. Participating in systematic reviews is a new frontier of librarianship, in which librarians can truly become research partners with our patrons, instead of merely providing access to resources and services. |
| creating a prisma flow diagram: Telling a Research Story Christine B. Feak, John M. Swales, 2009 Telling a Research Story: Writing a Literature Review is concerned with the writing of a literature review and is not designed to address any of the preliminary processes leading up to the actual writing of the literature review. This volume represents a revision and expansion of the material on writing literature reviews that appeared in English in Today's Research World. This volume progresses from general to specific issues in the writing of literature reviews. It opens with some orientations that raise awareness of the issues that surround the telling of a research story. Issues of structure and matters of language, style, and rhetoric are then discussed. Sections on metadiscourse, citation, and paraphrasing and summarizing are included. |
| creating a prisma flow diagram: Multidisciplinary Methods in Educational Technology Research and Development Justus J. Randolph, 2008 Over the past thirty years, there has been much dialogue, and debate, about the conduct of educational technology research and development. In this brief volume, the author helps clarify that dialogue by theoretically and empirically charting the research methods used in the field and provides much practical information on how to conduct educational technology research. Within this text, readers can expect to find answers to the following questions: (a) What are the methodological factors that need to be taken into consideration when designing and conducting educational technology research? (b) What types of research questions do educational technology researchers tend to ask? (c) How do educational technology researchers tend to conduct research? (d) What approaches do they use? What variables do they examine? What types of measures do they use? How do they report their research? (d) How can the state of educational technology research be improved? In addition to answering the questions above, the author, a research methodologist, provides practical information on how to conduct educational technology research--from formulating research questions, to collecting and analyzing data, to writing up the research reports--in each of the major quantitative and qualitative traditions. Unlike other books of this kind, the author addresses some of research approaches used less commonly in educational technology research, but which, nonetheless, have much potential for creating new insights about educational phenomena--approaches such as single-participant research, quantitative content analysis, ethnography, narrative research, phenomenology, and others. Multidisciplinary Methods in Educational Technology Research and Development is an excellent text for educational technology research methods courses, a useful guide for those conducting (or supervising) research, and a rich source of empirical information on the art and science of educational technology research. Key Questions in Educational Technology Methods Choice are appended. (Contains 13 figures and 13 tables.) [This publication was produced by the HAMK University of Applied Sciences.]. |
| creating a prisma flow diagram: How To Do A Systematic Literature Review In Nursing: A Step-By-Step Guide Bettany-Saltikov, Josette, 2012-05-01 This is an excellent book which explains clearly the principles and practice of systematic reviews. The order of contents is logical, information is easy to find and the contents are written for a wide audience from student to practitioner. There are copious examples and illustrations and these should inspire confidence in the novice and remind the expert what the essential features of a good systematic review are. This book should be on every undergraduate and postgraduate reading list for courses on research methods. Roger Watson, Professor of Nursing, The University of Hull, UK This book provides a clear and concise guide for students to produce a systematic review of evidence in health care ... The material is presented as a logical series of steps starting with developing a focussed question up to completing the review and disseminating its findings ... To facilitate the review a number of blank forms are presented for the reader to copy and complete in relation to the topic which they are pursuing ... I would wholly recommend this text. Ian Atkinson, previously Senior Lecturer in Research Methods & Assistant Editor Journal of Clinical Nursing Does the idea of writing a systematic literature review feel daunting? Are you struggling to work out where to begin? By walking you carefully through the entire process from start to finish and breaking the task down into manageable steps, this book is the perfect workbook companion for students undertaking their first literature review for study or clinical practice improvement. Co-published with the Nursing Standard, this handy book: Goes into detail about the precise and practical steps required to carry out a systematic literature review Uses a workbook format, with 3 running examples that you can work through gradually as you carry out your review Offers suggestions and tips to help you write up your own review Features useful templates to help you stay organised and includes case-studies to identify good practice Highlights the pitfalls to avoid Written in an engaging, conversational style with clear explanations throughout, How to do a Systematic Literature Review in Nursing is invaluable reading for all nursing students as well as other healthcare professionals. |
| creating a prisma flow diagram: Medical Statistics at a Glance Aviva Petrie, Caroline Sabin, 2019-09-30 Now in its fourth edition, Medical Statistics at a Glance is a concise and accessible introduction to this complex subject. It provides clear instruction on how to apply commonly used statistical procedures in an easy-to-read, comprehensive and relevant volume. This new edition continues to be the ideal introductory manual and reference guide to medical statistics, an invaluable companion for statistics lectures and a very useful revision aid. This new edition of Medical Statistics at a Glance: Offers guidance on the practical application of statistical methods in conducting research and presenting results Explains the underlying concepts of medical statistics and presents the key facts without being unduly mathematical Contains succinct self-contained chapters, each with one or more examples, many of them new, to illustrate the use of the methodology described in the chapter. Now provides templates for critical appraisal, checklists for the reporting of randomized controlled trials and observational studies and references to the EQUATOR guidelines for the presentation of study results for many other types of study Includes extensive cross-referencing, flowcharts to aid the choice of appropriate tests, learning objectives for each chapter, a glossary of terms and a glossary of annotated full computer output relevant to the examples in the text Provides cross-referencing to the multiple choice and structured questions in the companion Medical Statistics at a Glance Workbook Medical Statistics at a Glance is a must-have text for undergraduate and post-graduate medical students, medical researchers and biomedical and pharmaceutical professionals. |
| creating a prisma flow diagram: Systematic Reviews to Answer Health Care Questions Heidi D. Nelson, 2014-05-29 Systematic Evidence Reviews to Answer Health Care Questions is your most effective, A-to-Z guide to conducting thorough, comprehensive systematic reviews. By breaking down topics and essential steps, this volume teaches you how to form key questions, select evidence, and perform illuminating review not just in predictable circumstances, but when basic rules don’t apply—honing your ability to think critically and solve problems. You’ll learn how to define a review’s purpose and scope, develop research questions, build a team, and even manage your project to maximize efficacy. If you’re looking to refine your approach to systematic reviews, don’t just catalog and collect; use this powerful text to evaluate, synthesize, and deliver results that will help shape the health care industry. FEATURES Presented in standard format throughout to allow for more practical, easy to read approach Provides useful instruction on how to conduct a high-quality systematic review that meets the recent standards of the Institute of Medicine Accessible, concise information about the state-of-the-art methods of systematic review, from key question formulation to assessing the quality of included studies and reporting results Illustrated throughout with real-world examples from systematic reviews that have been used to inform practice guidelines and health policy |
| creating a prisma flow diagram: Handbook of EHealth Evaluation Francis Yin Yee Lau, Craig Kuziemsky, 2016-11 To order please visit https://onlineacademiccommunity.uvic.ca/press/books/ordering/ |
| creating a prisma flow diagram: Math Instruction for Students with Learning Difficulties Susan Perry Gurganus, 2021-11-29 This richly updated third edition of Math Instruction for Students with Learning Difficulties presents a research-based approach to mathematics instruction designed to build confidence and competence in preservice and inservice PreK- 12 teachers. Referencing benchmarks of both the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics and Common Core State Standards for Mathematics, this essential text addresses teacher and student attitudes towards mathematics as well as language issues, specific mathematics disabilities, prior experiences, and cognitive and metacognitive factors. Chapters on assessment and instruction precede strands that focus on critical concepts. Replete with suggestions for class activities and field extensions, the new edition features current research across topics and an innovative thread throughout chapters and strands: multi-tiered systems of support as they apply to mathematics instruction. |
| creating a prisma flow diagram: The Handbook of Research Synthesis and Meta-Analysis Harris Cooper, Larry V. Hedges, Jeffrey C. Valentine, 2019-06-14 Research synthesis is the practice of systematically distilling and integrating data from many studies in order to draw more reliable conclusions about a given research issue. When the first edition of The Handbook of Research Synthesis and Meta-Analysis was published in 1994, it quickly became the definitive reference for conducting meta-analyses in both the social and behavioral sciences. In the third edition, editors Harris Cooper, Larry Hedges, and Jeff Valentine present updated versions of classic chapters and add new sections that evaluate cutting-edge developments in the field. The Handbook of Research Synthesis and Meta-Analysis draws upon groundbreaking advances that have transformed research synthesis from a narrative craft into an important scientific process in its own right. The editors and leading scholars guide the reader through every stage of the research synthesis process—problem formulation, literature search and evaluation, statistical integration, and report preparation. The Handbook incorporates state-of-the-art techniques from all quantitative synthesis traditions and distills a vast literature to explain the most effective solutions to the problems of quantitative data integration. Among the statistical issues addressed are the synthesis of non-independent data sets, fixed and random effects methods, the performance of sensitivity analyses and model assessments, the development of machine-based abstract screening, the increased use of meta-regression and the problems of missing data. The Handbook also addresses the non-statistical aspects of research synthesis, including searching the literature and developing schemes for gathering information from study reports. Those engaged in research synthesis will find useful advice on how tables, graphs, and narration can foster communication of the results of research syntheses. The third edition of the Handbook provides comprehensive instruction in the skills necessary to conduct research syntheses and represents the premier text on research synthesis. Praise for the first edition: The Handbook is a comprehensive treatment of literature synthesis and provides practical advice for anyone deep in the throes of, just teetering on the brink of, or attempting to decipher a meta-analysis. Given the expanding application and importance of literature synthesis, understanding both its strengths and weaknesses is essential for its practitioners and consumers. This volume is a good beginning for those who wish to gain that understanding. —Chance Meta-analysis, as the statistical analysis of a large collection of results from individual studies is called, has now achieved a status of respectability in medicine. This respectability, when combined with the slight hint of mystique that sometimes surrounds meta-analysis, ensures that results of studies that use it are treated with the respect they deserve....The Handbook of Research Synthesis is one of the most important publications in this subject both as a definitive reference book and a practical manual.—British Medical Journal When the first edition of The Handbook of Research Synthesis was published in 1994, it quickly became the definitive reference for researchers conducting meta-analyses of existing research in both the social and biological sciences. In this fully revised second edition, editors Harris Cooper, Larry Hedges, and Jeff Valentine present updated versions of the Handbook's classic chapters, as well as entirely new sections reporting on the most recent, cutting-edge developments in the field. Research synthesis is the practice of systematically distilling and integrating data from a variety of sources in order to draw more reliable conclusions about a given question or topic. The Handbook of Research Synthesis and Meta-Analysis draws upon years of groundbreaking advances that have transformed research synthesis from a narrative craft into an important scientific process in its own right. Cooper, Hedges, and Valentine have assembled leading authorities in the field to guide the reader through every stage of the research synthesis process—problem formulation, literature search and evaluation, statistical integration, and report preparation. The Handbook of Research Synthesis and Meta-Analysis incorporates state-of-the-art techniques from all quantitative synthesis traditions. Distilling a vast technical literature and many informal sources, the Handbook provides a portfolio of the most effective solutions to the problems of quantitative data integration. Among the statistical issues addressed by the authors are the synthesis of non-independent data sets, fixed and random effects methods, the performance of sensitivity analyses and model assessments, and the problem of missing data. The Handbook of Research Synthesis and Meta-Analysis also provides a rich treatment of the non-statistical aspects of research synthesis. Topics include searching the literature, and developing schemes for gathering information from study reports. Those engaged in research synthesis will also find useful advice on how tables, graphs, and narration can be used to provide the most meaningful communication of the results of research synthesis. In addition, the editors address the potentials and limitations of research synthesis, and its future directions. The past decade has been a period of enormous growth in the field of research synthesis. The second edition Handbook thoroughly revises original chapters to assure that the volume remains the most authoritative source of information for researchers undertaking meta-analysis today. In response to the increasing use of research synthesis in the formation of public policy, the second edition includes a new chapter on both the strengths and limitations of research synthesis in policy debates |
| creating a prisma flow diagram: Developing and Engaging Clinical Leaders in the “New Normal” of Hospitals Federico Lega, Angela Pirino, 2022-09-14 Providing a systematic review of previous literature about the increasingly worrying challenge in transforming doctors to clinical leaders, Lega and Pirino offer a qualitative analysis of different countries facing the issue of training this hybrid role. |
Create a Gmail account - Gmail Help - Google Help
Create an account . Tip: To use Gmail for your business, a Google Workspace account might be better for you than a personal Google Account.
Get started creating YouTube Shorts - YouTube Help - Google Help
Get started creating YouTube Shorts YouTube Shorts is a way for anyone to connect with a new audience using just a smartphone and the Shorts camera in the YouTube app. YouTube’s …
Create a survey - Google Surveys Help
Creating surveys in different languages. When targeting surveys to the general population in specific countries, you are required to write your survey questions in the language that’s …
Create a Google Account - Computer - Google Account Help
Important: When you create a Google Account for your business, you can turn business personalization on. A business account also makes it easier to set up Google Business Profile, …
Start or schedule a Google Meet video meeting
When creating a meeting, click Video call options Meeting records. Select one or more features you want to enable: “Record the meeting” “Transcribe the meeting” ”Take notes with Gemini" …
Create a class - Computer - Classroom Help - Google Help
Problem creating a class? If you have a Google Workspace for Education account but can't add a class, your Google Workspace administrator might need to verify that you’re a teacher. Contact …
How to use Google Slides - Computer - Google Docs Editors Help
Step 2: Edit and format a presentation. You can add, edit, or format text, images, or videos in a presentation. ...
Google Forms training and help
Forms quick start guides. Quickly learn how to create and send a form or quiz. Get started with Forms Get started with quizzes
Create or open a map - Computer - My Maps Help - Google Help
Use My Maps to create or view your own maps. Create a map. On your computer, sign in to My Maps.; Click Create a new map.
Create a shared drive - Google Workspace Learning Center
Any content an external person contributes (for example, edits to, creating, or uploading a file) in a shared drive created by someone in your organization is transferred to and owned by your …
Create a Gmail account - Gmail Help - Google Help
Create an account . Tip: To use Gmail for your business, a Google Workspace account might be better for you than a personal Google Account.
Get started creating YouTube Shorts - YouTube Help - Google Help
Get started creating YouTube Shorts YouTube Shorts is a way for anyone to connect with a new audience using just a smartphone and the Shorts camera in the YouTube app. YouTube’s …
Create a survey - Google Surveys Help
Creating surveys in different languages. When targeting surveys to the general population in specific countries, you are required to write your survey questions in the language that’s …
Create a Google Account - Computer - Google Account Help
Important: When you create a Google Account for your business, you can turn business personalization on. A business account also makes it easier to set up Google Business Profile, …
Start or schedule a Google Meet video meeting
When creating a meeting, click Video call options Meeting records. Select one or more features you want to enable: “Record the meeting” “Transcribe the meeting” ”Take notes with Gemini" …
Create a class - Computer - Classroom Help - Google Help
Problem creating a class? If you have a Google Workspace for Education account but can't add a class, your Google Workspace administrator might need to verify that you’re a teacher. Contact …
How to use Google Slides - Computer - Google Docs Editors Help
Step 2: Edit and format a presentation. You can add, edit, or format text, images, or videos in a presentation. ...
Google Forms training and help
Forms quick start guides. Quickly learn how to create and send a form or quiz. Get started with Forms Get started with quizzes
Create or open a map - Computer - My Maps Help - Google Help
Use My Maps to create or view your own maps. Create a map. On your computer, sign in to My Maps.; Click Create a new map.
Create a shared drive - Google Workspace Learning Center
Any content an external person contributes (for example, edits to, creating, or uploading a file) in a shared drive created by someone in your organization is transferred to and owned by your …
