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| criminology generally focuses on the study of: Criminology Tim Newburn, 2017-02-22 Comprehensive and accessible, Tim Newburn’s bestselling Criminology provides an introduction to the fundamental themes, concepts, theories, methods and events that underpin the subject and form the basis for all undergraduate degree courses and modules in Criminology and Criminal Justice. This third edition includes: A new chapter on politics, reflecting the ever increasing coverage of political influence and decision making on criminology courses New and updated crime data and analysis of trends, plus new content on recent events such as the Volkswagen scandal, the latest developments on historic child abuse, as well as extended coverage throughout of the English riots A fully revised and updated companion website, including exam, review and multiple choice questions, a live Twitter feed from the author providing links to media and academic coverage of events related to the concepts covered in the book, together with links to a dedicated textbook Facebook page Fully updated to reflect recent developments in the field and extensively illustrated, this authoritative text, written by a leading criminologist and experienced lecturer, is essential reading for all students of Criminology and related fields. |
| criminology generally focuses on the study of: Criminal Careers and "Career Criminals," National Research Council, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Committee on Research on Law Enforcement and the Administration of Justice, Panel on Research on Criminal Careers, 1986-02-01 By focusing attention on individuals rather than on aggregates, this book takes a novel approach to studying criminal behavior. It develops a framework for collecting information about individual criminal careers and their parameters, reviews existing knowledge about criminal career dimensions, presents models of offending patterns, and describes how criminal career information can be used to develop and refine criminal justice policies. In addition, an agenda for future research on criminal careers is presented. |
| criminology generally focuses on the study of: The Criminology of Place David Weisburd, Elizabeth R. Groff, Sue-Ming Yang, 2012-10-01 The study of crime has focused primarily on why particular people commit crime or why specific communities have higher crime levels than others. In The Criminology of Place, David Weisburd, Elizabeth Groff, and Sue-Ming Yang present a new and different way of looking at the crime problem by examining why specific streets in a city have specific crime trends over time. Based on a 16-year longitudinal study of crime in Seattle, Washington, the book focuses our attention on small units of geographic analysis-micro communities, defined as street segments. Half of all Seattle crime each year occurs on just 5-6 percent of the city's street segments, yet these crime hot spots are not concentrated in a single neighborhood and street by street variability is significant. Weisburd, Groff, and Yang set out to explain why. The Criminology of Place shows how much essential information about crime is inevitably lost when we focus on larger units like neighborhoods or communities. Reorienting the study of crime by focusing on small units of geography, the authors identify a large group of possible crime risk and protective factors for street segments and an array of interventions that could be implemented to address them. The Criminology of Place is a groundbreaking book that radically alters traditional thinking about the crime problem and what we should do about it. |
| criminology generally focuses on the study of: Place Matters David Weisburd, 2016-04-04 The book summarizes what we know about crime and place, and provides an agenda for future research in this area. |
| criminology generally focuses on the study of: Murdering Animals Piers Beirne, 2018-03-12 Murdering Animals confronts the speciesism underlying the disparate social censures of homicide and “theriocide” (the killing of animals by humans), and as such, is a plea to take animal rights seriously. Its substantive topics include the criminal prosecution and execution of justiciable animals in early modern Europe; images of hunters put on trial by their prey in the upside-down world of the Dutch Golden Age; the artist William Hogarth’s patriotic depictions of animals in 18th Century London; and the playwright J.M. Synge’s representation of parricide in fin de siècle Ireland. Combining insights from intellectual history, the history of the fine and performing arts, and what is known about today’s invisibilised sites of animal killing, Murdering Animals inevitably asks: should theriocide be considered murder? With its strong multi- and interdisciplinary approach, this work of collaboration will appeal to scholars of social and species justice in animal studies, criminology, sociology and law. |
| criminology generally focuses on the study of: Criminology Goes to the Movies Nicole Hahn Rafter, Michelle Brown, 2011 From a look at classics like Psycho and Double Indemnity to recent films like Traffic and Thelma & Louise, Nicole Rafter and Michelle Brown show that criminological theory is produced not only in the academy, through scholarly research, but also in popular culture, through film. Criminology Goes to the Movies connects with ways in which students are already thinking criminologically through engagements with popular culture, encouraging them to use the everyday world as a vehicle for theorizing and understanding both crime and perceptions of criminality. The first work to bring a systematic and sophisticated criminological perspective to bear on crime films, Rafter and Brown's book provides a fresh way of looking at cinema, using the concepts and analytical tools of criminology to uncover previously unnoticed meanings in film, ultimately making the study of criminological theory more engaging and effective for students while simultaneously demonstrating how theories of crime circulate in our mass-mediated worlds. The result is an illuminating new way of seeing movies and a delightful way of learning about criminology. |
| criminology generally focuses on the study of: A Criminology of War? McGarry, Ross, Walklate, Sandra, 2019-07-03 With the academic study of ‘war’ gaining renewed popularity within criminology in recent years, this book illustrates the long-standing engagement with this social phenomenon within the discipline. Foregrounding established criminological work addressing war and connecting it to a wide range of extant sociological literature, the authors present and further develop theoretical and conceptual ways of thinking critically about war. Within this book, whilst providing an implicit critique of mainstream criminology the authors seek to question if a ‘criminology of war’ is possible, and if so how this seemingly ‘new horizon’ of the discipline might be usefully informed by sociology. |
| criminology generally focuses on the study of: The Nurture Versus Biosocial Debate in Criminology Kevin M. Beaver, J.C. Barnes, Brian B. Boutwell, 2014-01-31 The Nurture Versus Biosocial Debate in Criminology: On the Origins of Criminal Behavior and Criminality takes a contemporary approach to address the sociological and the biological positions of human behavior by allowing preeminent scholars in criminology to speak to the effects of each on a range of topics. Kevin M. Beaver, J.C. Barnes, and Brian B. Boutwell aim to facilitate an open and honest debate between the more traditional criminologists who focus primarily on environmental factors and contemporary biosocial criminologists who examine the interplay between biology/genetics and environmental factors. |
| criminology generally focuses on the study of: Evolutionary Criminology Russil Durrant, Tony Ward, 2015-03-12 In our attempts to understand crime, researchers typically focus on proximate factors such as the psychology of offenders, their developmental history, and the social structure in which they are embedded. While these factors are important, they don't tell the whole story. Evolutionary Criminology: Towards a Comprehensive Explanation of Crime explores how evolutionary biology adds to our understanding of why crime is committed, by whom, and our response to norm violations. This understanding is important both for a better understanding of what precipitates crime and to guide approaches for effectively managing criminal behavior. This book is divided into three parts. Part I reviews evolutionary biology concepts important for understanding human behavior, including crime. Part II focuses on theoretical approaches to explaining crime, including the evolution of cooperation, and the evolutionary history and function of violent crime, drug use, property offending, and white collar crime. The developmental origins of criminal behavior are described to account for the increase in offending during adolescence and early adulthood as well as to explain why some offenders are more likely to desist than others. Proximal causes of crime are examined, as well as cultural and structural processes influencing crime. Part III considers human motivation to punish norm violators and what this means for the development of a criminal justice system. This section also considers how an evolutionary approach contributes to our understanding of crime prevention and reduction. The section closes with an evolutionary approach to understanding offender rehabilitation and reintegration. - Reviews how evolutionary findings improve our understanding of crime and punishment - Examines motivations to offend, and to punish norm violators - Articulates evolutionary explanations for adolescent crime increase - Identifies how this knowledge can aid in crime prevention and reduction, and in offender rehabilitation |
| criminology generally focuses on the study of: White-Collar Crime and Criminal Careers David Weisburd, Elin Waring, 2001-02-12 Weisburd and Waring offer here the first detailed examination of the white-collar criminal career. |
| criminology generally focuses on the study of: The Future of Criminology Rolf Loeber, Brandon C. Welsh, 2012-05-01 Criminology is a dynamic and evolving field of study. In recent decades, the study of the causes, development, prevention, and treatment of juvenile delinquency and adult crime has produced many important discoveries. This volume addresses two questions about crucial topics facing criminology - from causation to prevention to public policy: Where are we now? What does the future hold? Rolf Loeber and Brandon C. Welsh lead a team of more than forty top scholars from across the world to present the future of research, policy, and practice in the discipline. |
| criminology generally focuses on the study of: Fundamentals of Research in Criminology and Criminal Justice Ronet D. Bachman, Russell K. Schutt, 2019-12-31 The authors are proud sponsors of the 2020 SAGE Keith Roberts Teaching Innovations Award—enabling graduate students and early career faculty to attend the annual ASA pre-conference teaching and learning workshop. Fundamentals of Research in Criminology and Criminal Justice introduces students to the multifaceted subject of research methods and shows them why research is important in the field. This brief version of Ronet D. Bachman and Russell K. Schutt’s best-selling The Practice of Research in Criminology and Criminal Justice simplifies complex concepts with real-world research examples found in everyday experiences in the criminology and criminal justice professions. The thoroughly revised Fifth Edition retains its celebrated strengths while breaking new ground with coverage of recently popular research methods and contemporary research findings. Included with this title: The password-protected Instructor Resource Site (formally known as SAGE Edge) offers access to all text-specific resources, including a test bank and editable, chapter-specific PowerPoint® slides. |
| criminology generally focuses on the study of: Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Prison, The (Subscription) Jeffrey Reiman, Paul Leighton, 2015-07-14 Illustrates the issue of economic inequality within the American justice system. The best-selling text, The Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Prison contends that the criminal justice system is biased against the poor from start to finish. The authors argue that even before the process of arrest, trial, and sentencing, the system is biased against the poor in what it chooses to treat as crime. The authors show that numerous acts of the well-off--such as their refusal to make workplaces safe, refusal to curtail deadly pollution, promotion of unnecessary surgery, and prescriptions for unnecessary drugs--cause as much harm as the acts of the poor that are treated as crimes. However, the dangerous acts of the well-off are almost never treated as crimes, and when they are, they are almost never treated as severely as the crimes of the poor. Not only does the criminal justice system fail to protect against the harmful acts of well-off people, it also fails to remedy the causes of crime, such as poverty. This results in a large population of poor criminals in our prisons and in our media. The authors contend that the idea of crime as a work of the poor serves the interests of the rich and powerful while conveying a misleading notion that the real threat to Americans comes from the bottom of society rather than the top. Learning Goals Upon completing this book, readers will be able to: Examine the criminal justice system through the lens of the poor. Understand that much of what goes on in the criminal justice system violates one’s own sense of fairness. Morally evaluate the criminal justice system’s failures. Identify the type of legislature that is biased against the poor. |
| criminology generally focuses on the study of: Power and Crime Vincenzo Ruggiero, 2017-11-27 This book provides an analysis of the two concepts of power and crime and posits that criminologists can learn more about these concepts by incorporating ideas from disciplines outside of criminology. Although arguably a 'rendezvous' discipline, Vincenzo Ruggiero argues that criminology can gain much insight from other fields such as the political sciences, ethics, social theory, critical legal studies, economic theory, and classical literature. In this book Ruggiero offers an authoritative synthesis of a range of intellectual conceptions of crime and power, drawing on the works and theories of classical, as well as contemporary thinkers, in the above fields of knowledge, arguing that criminology can ‘humbly’ renounce claims to intellectual independence and adopt notions and perspectives from other disciplines. The theories presented locate the crimes of the powerful in different disciplinary contexts and make the book essential reading for academics and students involved in the study of criminology, sociology, law, politics and philosophy. |
| criminology generally focuses on the study of: Criminology Stephen Eugene Brown, Finn-Aage Esbensen, Gilbert Geis, 2013 This highly acclaimed criminology text presents an up-to-date review of rational choice theories, including deterrence, shaming, and routine activities. |
| criminology generally focuses on the study of: Toward a Unified Criminology Robert Agnew, 2011-11 Why do people commit crimes? How do we control crime? The theories that criminologists use to answer these questions are built on a number of underlying assumptions, including those about the nature of crime, free will, human nature, and society. These assumptions have a fundamental impact on criminology: they largely determine what criminologists study, the causes they examine, the control strategies they recommend, and how they test their theories and evaluate crime-control strategies. In Toward a Unified Criminology, noted criminologist Robert Agnew provides a critical examination of these assumptions, drawing on a range of research and perspectives to argue that these assumptions are too restrictive, unduly limiting the types of crime that are explored, the causes that are considered, and the methods of data collection and analysis that are employed. As such, they undermine our ability to explain and control crime. Agnew then proposes an alternative set of assumptions, drawing heavily on both mainstream and critical theories of criminology, with the goal of laying the foundation for a unified criminology that is better able to explain a broader range of crimes. |
| criminology generally focuses on the study of: Criminal Man, According to the Classification of Cesare Lombroso Gina Lombroso, 1911 |
| criminology generally focuses on the study of: Introductory Criminology Marcus Felson, Mary A. Eckert, 2017-12-04 Introductory Criminology: The Study of Risky Situations takes a unique and intuitive approach to teaching and learning criminology. Avoiding the fragmentation of ideas commonly found in criminology textbooks, Marcus Felson and Mary A. Eckert develop a more practical, readable structure that engages the reader and enhances their understanding of the material. Their descriptive categories, simultaneously broad and realistic, serve better than the usual philosophical categories, such as positivism and classicalism, to stimulate students’ interest and critical thinking. Short chapters, each broken into 5–7 sections, describe situations in which crime is most likely to happen, and explain why they are risky and what society can and can’t do about crime. They create a framework to organize ideas and facts, and then link these categories to the leading theories developed by criminologists over the last 100 years. With this narrative to guide them, students remember the material beyond the final exam. This fresh new text was created by two professors to address the main points they encounter in teaching their own criminology courses. Problems solved include: reluctant readers, aversion to abstract thinking, fear of theory, and boredom with laundry lists of disconnected ideas. Felson, a leader in criminology theory with a global reputation for innovative thinking, and Eckert, an experienced criminal justice researcher, are uniquely qualified to reframe criminology in a unified arc. By design, they offer abstractions that are useful and not overbearing; their prose is readable, and their concepts are easy to comprehend and remember. This new textbook challenges instructors to re-engage with theory and present the essence of criminological thought for adult learners, coaching students to grasp the concept before any label is attached and allowing them to emerge with deeper understanding of what each theory means and offers. Lean, with no filler or fluff like stock photos, Introductory Criminology includes the authors’ graphics to crystallize and expand concepts from the text. |
| criminology generally focuses on the study of: Criminology Research Focus Karen T. Froeling, 2007 Criminology is the scientific study of crime as an individual and social phenomenon. Criminological research areas include the incidence and forms of crime as well as its causes and consequences. They also include social and governmental regulations and reactions to crime. Criminology is an interdisciplinary field in the behavioural sciences, drawing especially on the research of sociologists and psychologists, as well as on writings in law. This book presents leading research from around the world. |
| criminology generally focuses on the study of: Criminological Theories Ronald L. Akers, 2013-07-04 In Criminological Theories, the noted criminologist Ronald Akers provides thorough description, discussion, and appraisal of the leading theories of crime/delinquent behavior and law/criminal justice - the origin and history of each theory and its contemporary developments and adherents. Akers offers a clear explanation of each theory (the central concepts and hypotheses of each theory as well as critical criteria for evaluating each theory in terms of its empirical validity). Researchers and librarians, as well as general readers, will find this book a very useful tool and will applaud its clear and understandable exposition of abstract concepts. |
| criminology generally focuses on the study of: Criminology Stephen E. Brown, Gilbert Geis, 2018-12-21 How do societies define crime, and how should it be punished or prevented? Which is a more criminal act, causing a death by dumping toxic material or by shooting a victim with a gun? Are criminals born or made? Criminology: Explaining Crime and Its Context, Tenth Edition, offers a broad perspective on criminological theory. It provides students of criminology and sociology with a thorough exposure to a range of theories about crime, contrasting their logic and assumptions, but also highlighting efforts to integrate and blend these frameworks. In this tenth edition, the authors have incorporated new directions that have gained traction in the field, while remaining faithful to their criminological heritage. Among the themes in this work are the relativity of crime (its changing definition) with abundant examples, historical roots of criminology and the lessons they have provided, and the strength and challenges of applying the scientific method. This revision offers new coverage of the growing problem of mental health and crime, a more tightly focused discussion of crime statistics, more global examples, and new material on human trafficking and on youth violence. Brown and Esbensen improve on this engaging and challenging introduction to the theory of crime and punishment, which is already perhaps the best criminology text available for undergraduates today. |
| criminology generally focuses on the study of: Criminologists in the Media Mark A. Wood, Imogen Richards, Mary Iliadis, 2022-05-05 Criminologists in the Media presents the results of a cross-national study examining the structures that shape criminologists’ contributions to news and social media discourse. Drawing on interviews with criminologists and a survey of 1,211 criminologists working in the US, the UK, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Ireland, and South Africa, this book represents the first cross-national study exploring how, why, and to what extent criminologists working in these countries engage in newsmaking and digital public criminology. Through examining the predictors of criminologists appearing in news media, the research presented in this book demonstrates that newsmaking practices within criminology are not reflective of equal access, interest, or opportunity. Rather, newsmaking operates within ‘fields of power’ shaped by the political economy of higher education, and researchers’ academic rank, gender, and areas of research expertise. Together, these factors generate several ‘situational logics’ that predispose criminologists to pursue particular courses of action in promoting their personal projects. Key among these logics, Wood, Richards, and Iliadis argue, are a ‘social logic’ informing criminologists’ moral-political views on newsmaking and an ‘industrial logic’ responsive to the demands of academic capitalism and the rise of the ‘entrepreneurial’ university. With its focus on the practicalities, challenges, and inequities of newsmaking in the post-broadcast era, Criminologists in the Media will appeal to researchers interested in the public role(s) of criminology, as well as researchers concerned with the challenges of communicating social scientific knowledge beyond the academy. |
| criminology generally focuses on the study of: The Oxford Handbook of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology David P. Farrington, Lila Kazemian, Alex R. Piquero, 2018-11-23 Developmental and life-course criminology are both concerned with the study of changes in offending and problem behaviors over time. Developmental studies in criminology focus on psychological factors that influence the onset and persistence of criminal behavior, while life-course studies analyze how changes in social arrangements, like marriage, education or social networks, can lead to changes in offending. Though each perspective is clearly concerned with patterns of offending and problem behavior over time, the literature on each is spread across various disciplines, including criminology & criminal justice, psychology, and sociology. The Oxford Handbook on Developmental and Life-Course Criminology offers the first comprehensive survey of these two approaches together. Edited by three noted authorities in the field, the volume provides in-depth critical reviews of the development of offending, developmental and life-course theories, development correlates and risk/protective factors, life transitions and turning points, and effective developmental interventions from the world's leading scholars. In the first two sections, the contributors provide overviews of specific criminal career parameters, including age-crime curve, prevalence/frequency of offending, and co-offending, and review the main theoretical frameworks in the developmental and life-course criminology areas. They further summarize some of the empirical literature on known developmental correlates and risk/protective factors associated with longitudinal patterns of offending in the next section. The fourth section focuses on life transitions and turning points as they may relate to persistence in-or desistance from-criminal activity into adulthood, while the final section examines the genesis of antisocial, delinquent, and criminal activity, its maintenance, and its cessation. A state of the art overview on the topic, this Handbook aims to be the most authoritative resource on all issues germane to developmental and life-course criminologists and provides next steps for further research. |
| criminology generally focuses on the study of: Encyclopedia of Sciences and Religions Anne Runehov, Lluis Oviedo, 2013-05-18 To all who love the God with a 1000 names and respect science” In the last quarter century, the academic field of Science and Theology (Religion) has attracted scholars from a wide variety of disciplines. The question is, which disciplines are attracted and what do these disciplines have to contribute to the debate? In order to answer this question, the encyclopedia maps the (self)-identified disciplines and religious traditions that participate or might come to participate in the Science and Religion debate. This is done by letting each representative of a discipline and tradition answer specific chosen questions. They also need to identify the discipline in relation to the Science and Religion debate. Understandably representatives of several disciplines and traditions answered in the negative to this question. Nevertheless, they can still be important for the debate; indeed, scholars and scientists who work in the field of Science and Theology (Religion) may need knowledge beyond their own specific discipline. Therefore the encyclopedia also includes what are called general entries. Such entries may explain specific theories, methods, and topics. The general aim is to provide a starting point for new lines of inquiry. It is an invitation for fresh perspectives on the possibilities for engagement between and across sciences (again which includes the social and human sciences) and religions and theology. This encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work for scholars interested in the topic of ‘Science and Religion.’ It covers the widest spectrum possible of academic disciplines and religious traditions worldwide, with the intent of laying bare similarities and differences that naturally emerge within and across disciplines and religions today. The A–Z format throughout affords easy and user-friendly access to relevant information. Additionally, a systematic question-answer format across all Sciences and Religions entries affords efficient identification of specific points of agreement, conflict, and disinterest across and between sciences and religions. The extensive cross-referencing between key words, phrases, and technical language used in the entries facilitates easy searches. We trust that all of the entries have something of value for any interested reader. Anne L.C. Runehov and Lluis Oviedo |
| criminology generally focuses on the study of: A General Theory of Crime Michael R. Gottfredson, Travis Hirschi, 1990 By articulating a general theory of crime and related behavior, the authors present a new and comprehensive statement of what the criminological enterprise should be about. They argue that prevalent academic criminology—whether sociological, psychological, biological, or economic—has been unable to provide believable explanations of criminal behavior. The long-discarded classical tradition in criminology was based on choice and free will, and saw crime as the natural consequence of unrestrained human tendencies to seek pleasure and to avoid pain. It concerned itself with the nature of crime and paid little attention to the criminal. The scientific, or disciplinary, tradition is based on causation and determinism, and has dominated twentieth-century criminology. It concerns itself with the nature of the criminal and pays little attention to the crime itself. Though the two traditions are considered incompatible, this book brings classical and modern criminology together by requiring that their conceptions be consistent with each other and with the results of research. The authors explore the essential nature of crime, finding that scientific and popular conceptions of crime are misleading, and they assess the truth of disciplinary claims about crime, concluding that such claims are contrary to the nature of crime and, interestingly enough, to the data produced by the disciplines themselves. They then put forward their own theory of crime, which asserts that the essential element of criminality is the absence of self-control. Persons with high self-control consider the long-term consequences of their behavior; those with low self-control do not. Such control is learned, usually early in life, and once learned, is highly resistant to change. In the remainder of the book, the authors apply their theory to the persistent problems of criminology. Why are men, adolescents, and minorities more likely than their counterparts to commit criminal acts? What is the role of the school in the causation of delinquincy? To what extent could crime be reduced by providing meaningful work? Why do some societies have much lower crime rates than others? Does white-collar crime require its own theory? Is there such a thing as organized crime? In all cases, the theory forces fundamental reconsideration of the conventional wisdom of academians and crimina justic practitioners. The authors conclude by exploring the implications of the theory for the future study and control of crime. |
| criminology generally focuses on the study of: A Criminologist's Guide to R Jacob Kaplan, 2022-07 A Criminologist's Guide to R: Crime by the Numbers introduces the programming language R and covers the necessary skills to conduct quantitative research in criminology. By the end of this book, a person without any prior programming experience can take raw crime data, be able to clean it, visualize the data, present it using R Markdown, and change it to a format ready for analysis. A Criminologist's Guide to R focuses on skills specifically for criminology such as spatial joins, mapping, and scraping data from PDFs, however any social scientist looking for an introduction to R for data analysis will find this useful. Key Features: Introduction to RStudio including how to change user preference settings. Basic data exploration and cleaning - subsetting, loading data, regular expressions, aggregating data. Graphing with ggplot2. How to make maps (hotspot maps, choropleth maps, interactive maps). Webscraping and PDF scraping. Project management - how to prepare for a project, how to decide which projects to do, best ways to collaborate with people, how to store your code (using git), and how to test your code. |
| criminology generally focuses on the study of: Introduction to Criminology Frank E. Hagan, Leah E. Daigle, 2019-01-02 This is one of the best texts I have seen in a while...It makes the world of criminology less daunting and more relevant. —Allyson S. Maida, St. John’s University Introduction to Criminology, Tenth Edition, is a comprehensive introduction to the study of criminology, focusing on the vital core areas of the field—theory, method, and criminal behavior. With more attention to crime typologies than most introductory texts, Hagan and Daigle investigate all forms of criminal activity, such as organized crime, white collar crime, political crime, and environmental crime. The methods of operation, the effects on society and policy decisions, and the connection between theory and criminal behavior are all explained in a clear, accessible manner. A Complete Teaching & Learning Package |
| criminology generally focuses on the study of: The Oxford Handbook of Environmental Criminology Gerben Bruinsma, Shane D. Johnson, 2018 The study of how the environment, local geography, and physical locations influence crime has a long history that stretches across many research traditions. These include the neighborhood effects approach developed in the 1920s, the criminology of place, and a newer approach that attends to the perception of crime in communities. Aided by new technologies and improved data-reporting in recent decades, research in environmental criminology has developed rapidly within each of these approaches. Yet research in the subfield remains fragmented and competing theories are rarely examined together. The Oxford Handbook of Environmental Criminology takes a unique approach and synthesizes the contributions of existing methods to better integrate the subfield as a whole. Gerben J.N. Bruinsma and Shane D. Johnson have assembled a cast of top scholars to provide an in-depth source for understanding how and why physical setting can influence the emergence of crime, affect the environment, and impact individual or group behavior. The contributors address how changes in the environment, global connectivity, and technology provide more criminal opportunities and new ways of committing old crimes. They also explore how crimes committed in countries with distinct cultural practices like China and West Africa might lead to different spatial patterns of crime. This is a state-of-the-art compendium on environmental criminology that reflects the diverse research and theory developed across the western world. |
| criminology generally focuses on the study of: 21st Century Criminology: A Reference Handbook J. Mitchell Miller, 2009-08-06 Criminology has experienced tremendous growth over the last few decades, evident, in part, by the widespread popularity and increased enrollment in criminology and criminal justice departments at the undergraduate and graduate levels across the U.S. and internationally. Evolutionary paradigmatic shift has accompanied this surge in definitional, disciplinary and pragmatic terms. Though long identified as a leading sociological specialty area, criminology has emerged as a stand-alone discipline in its own right, one that continues to grow and is clearly here to stay. Criminology, today, remains inherently theoretical but is also far more applied in focus and thus more connected to the academic and practitioner concerns of criminal justice and related professional service fields. Contemporary criminology is also increasingly interdisciplinary and thus features a broad variety of ideological orientations to and perspectives on the causes, effects and responses to crime. 21st Century Criminology: A Reference Handbook provides straightforward and definitive overviews of 100 key topics comprising traditional criminology and its modern outgrowths. The individual chapters have been designed to serve as a first-look reference source for most criminological inquires. Both connected to the sociological origins of criminology (i.e., theory and research methods) and the justice systems′ response to crime and related social problems, as well as coverage of major crime types, this two-volume set offers a comprehensive overview of the current state of criminology. From student term papers and masters theses to researchers commencing literature reviews, 21st Century Criminology is a ready source from which to quickly access authoritative knowledge on a range of key issues and topics central to contemporary criminology. This two-volume set in the SAGE 21st Century Reference Series is intended to provide undergraduate majors with an authoritative reference source that will serve their research needs with more detailed information than encyclopedia entries but not so much jargon, detail, or density as a journal article or research handbook chapter. 100 entries or mini-chapters highlight the most important topics, issues, questions, and debates any student obtaining a degree in this field ought to have mastered for effectiveness in the 21st century. Curricular-driven, chapters provide students with initial footholds on topics of interest in researching term papers, in preparing for GREs, in consulting to determine directions to take in pursuing a senior thesis, graduate degree, career, etc. Comprehensive in coverage, major sections include The Discipline of Criminology, Correlates of Crime, Theories of Crime & Justice, Measurement & Research, Types of Crime, and Crime & the Justice System. The contributor group is comprised of well-known figures and emerging young scholars who provide authoritative overviews coupled with insightful discussion that will quickly familiarize researchers, students, and general readers alike with fundamental and detailed information for each topic. Uniform chapter structure makes it easy for students to locate key information, with most chapters following a format of Introduction, Theory, Methods, Applications, Comparison, Future Directions, Summary, Bibliography & Suggestions for Further Reading, and Cross References. Availability in print and electronic formats provides students with convenient, easy access wherever they may be. |
| criminology generally focuses on the study of: Introducing Criminology Clive Coleman, Clive Norris, 2013-06-17 This book answers the basic questions - what is crime? what is criminology?, before examining the ways in which crime has been studied, and looking at the main approaches and schools of thought within criminology and how these have been developed. |
| criminology generally focuses on the study of: Key Ideas in Criminology and Criminal Justice Travis C. Pratt, Jacinta M. Gau, Travis W. Franklin, 2010-10-20 By focusing on key ideas in both criminology and criminal justice, this book brings a new and unique perspective to understanding critical research in criminology and criminal justice -- heretofore, the practice has been to separate criminology and criminal justice. However, given their interconnected nature, this book brings both together cohesively. In going beyond simply identifying and discussing key contributions and their effects by giving students a broader socio-political context for each key idea, this book concretely conceptualizes the key ideas in ways that students will remember and understand. |
| criminology generally focuses on the study of: Men Who Hate Women Laura Bates, 2021-03-02 The first comprehensive undercover look at the terrorist movement no one is talking about. Men Who Hate Women examines the rise of secretive extremist communities who despise women and traces the roots of misogyny across a complex spider web of groups. It includes eye-opening interviews with former members of these communities, the academics studying this movement, and the men fighting back. Women's rights activist Laura Bates wrote this book as someone who has been the target of many hate-fueled misogynistic attacks online. At first, the vitriol seemed to be the work of a small handful of individual men... but over time, the volume and consistency of the attacks hinted at something bigger and more ominous. As Bates went undercover into the corners of the internet, she found an unseen, organized movement of thousands of anonymous men wishing violence (and worse) upon women. In the book, Bates explores: Extreme communities like incels, pick-up artists, MGTOW, Men's Rights Activists and more The hateful, toxic rhetoric used by these groups How this movement connects to other extremist movements like white supremacy How young boys are targeted and slowly drawn in Where this ideology shows up in our everyday lives in mainstream media, our playgrounds, and our government By turns fascinating and horrifying, Men Who Hate Women is a broad, unflinching account of the deep current of loathing toward women and anti-feminism that underpins our society and is a must-read for parents, educators, and anyone who believes in equality for women. Praise for Men Who Hate Women: Laura Bates is showing us the path to both intimate and global survival.—Gloria Steinem Well-researched and meticulously documented, Bates's book on the power and danger of masculinity should be required reading for us all.—Library Journal Men Who Hate Women has the power to spark social change.—Sunday Times |
| criminology generally focuses on the study of: An Introduction to Life-Course Criminology Christoffer Carlsson, Jerzy Sarnecki, 2015-11-23 Most people engage in crime at some point in their lives, but why does almost everybody stop soon after? And, why do a small number of offenders persist in crime? These two questions constitute the core of the field often known as life-course criminology. This book provides a comprehensive introduction to life-course criminology. It covers the dominant theories and methodologies in the field and equips you with all you need to succeed in your studies on the subject. The book: Discusses the methodologies of life-course and longitudinal research Explains and critiques the major theories of life-course criminology Considers the issues of risk, prediction, onset, persistence and desistance of criminal activity Draws on research from studies in Europe, the UK, US and Australia, including the Stockholm Life-Course Project Written by two leading figures in the field, this is an authoritative text that will guide you through your studies in life-course criminology, criminal career research, and developmental criminology. |
| criminology generally focuses on the study of: The Anatomy of Violence Adrian Raine, 2013 Provocative and timely: a pioneering neurocriminologist introduces the latest biological research into the causes of--and potential cures for--criminal behavior. With an 8-page full-color insert, and black-and-white illustrations throughout. |
| criminology generally focuses on the study of: Forensic Criminology Wayne Petherick, Brent E. Turvey, Claire E. Ferguson, 2009-07-30 Forensic Criminology gives students of criminology and criminal justice an introduction to the forensic realm and the applied forensic issues they will face when working cases within the justice system. It effectively bridges the theoretical world of social criminology with the applied world of the criminal justice system. While most of the competing textbooks on criminology adequately address the application and the social theory to the criminal justice system, the vast majority do not include casework or real-world issues that criminologists face. This book focuses on navigating casework in forensic contexts by case-working criminologists, rather than broad social theory. It also allows criminology/criminal justice instructors outside of the forensic sciences the ability to develop and instruct a core course that might otherwise be considered beyond their expertise, or in conflict with forensic courses taught in chemistry, biology, or medical programs at their institutions because of its focus on criminology and criminal justice careers. With its practical approach, this textbook is well-suited for forensic criminology subjects being taught and developed in law, criminology, and criminal justice programs around the world. - Approaches the study of criminology from an applied standpoint, moving away from the purely theoretical - Contains relevant and contemporary case examples to demonstrate the application of forensic criminology - Provides an integrated philosophy with respect to criminology, forensic casework, criminal investigations, and the law - Useful for students and professionals in the area of criminology, criminal justice, criminal investigation, forensic science, and the law |
| criminology generally focuses on the study of: Crime and the Community Frank Tannenbaum, 1963 |
| criminology generally focuses on the study of: Criminology: The Key Concepts , |
| criminology generally focuses on the study of: Criminal Justice 2000: Measurement and analysis of crime and justice , 2000 |
| criminology generally focuses on the study of: History of Criminology Paul Elliott Rock, 1994 This work describes and illustrates the evolution of criminological theory in Britain and the US. The editor explains how a recognizable criminology emerged in the campaigns of penal reformers in the 18th and early 19th century, and was then studied as an academic field in the 20th century. The book intersperses writings of 300 years of criminology with criminological historians' own arguments about the development of their discipline. |
| criminology generally focuses on the study of: Exploring Green Criminology Michael J. Lynch, Paul B. Stretesky, 2016-04-22 Few criminologists have drawn attention to the fact that widespread and significant forms of harm such as green or environmental crimes are neglected by criminology. Others have suggested that green crimes present the most important challenge to criminology as a discipline. This book argues that criminology needs to take green harms more seriously and to be revolutionized so that it forms part of the solution to the large environmental problems currently faced across the world. It asks how criminology should be redesigned to consider green/environmental harm as a key area of study in an era where destruction of the earth and the world’s ecosystem is a major concern and examines why this has remained unaccomplished so far. The chapters in this book apply an environmental frame of reference underlying a green approach to issues which can be addressed from within criminology and which can encourage criminologists and environmentalists to respond and react differently to environmental crime. |
INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY Crime, Offenders and …
Therefore, the word “criminology” means the study of crime. First use of this term was in the nineteenth century coined by the French sociologist called Toppinard.
Criminology Major Overview: The Criminology major focuses …
Criminology Major Overview: The Criminology major focuses on the study of crime, criminal behavior, and the justice system. Students examine the causes and consequences of crime, …
What Is Criminology? Understanding Crime and Criminals
As the word implies, criminology is clearly concerned with crime.
Criminological Theories: Introduction, Evaluation, and …
Criminological theories are abstract, but they entail more than ivory-tower.
THES TUD Y OF CRIME - Oxford University Press
Generally speaking, criminology focuses on three main areas: 1 the sociology of law, which examines why and how societies define crime a particular way and the implications this …
Chapter 01 The Changing Boundaries of Criminology
appropriate object of criminological investigation is conflict within society. the criminal justice system is a means of controlling the classes that have no power. the criminal law expresses …
Chapter One: Understanding Criminology Introduction
Criminology may be defined as “the scientific study of the causation, correction, andprevention of crime”. Criminology (from Latincrīmen, "accusation"; and Greek -λογία, -logia) is the social …
Chapter one The study and application of criminology 1.1.
Criminology in general sense is the study of crime and criminals. In a specific sense it seeks to study criminal behavior and its goal being to reform the behavior or conduct of the individual …
NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA - nou.edu.ng
To achieve the aims set out in CSS 133: Introduction to Criminology 1, the objectives for the course as a whole would be emphasised. On successful completion of the course, the learner …
CHAPTER 1
4) Discuss Edwin H. Sutherland's definition of criminology and why criminology can be described as a multidiscipline.
Introduction to Criminology - Jones & Bartlett Learning
Simply put, criminology is the scientific study of crime. More broadly, Edwin Sutherland described criminology as the study of lawmaking, law- breaking, and the response to law-breaking.6 …
Cmy1501 1.1 What is criminology about? Pg 5-17 …
The focus of the study of criminology is the crime (act) and the law. Crime is a voluntary act committed by persons exercising a deliberate choice. Punishment is essential in order to …
Introduction: Theory and Contemporary Criminology - Wiley
In the practice of theoretical science in criminology, theory is the central focus – it is the point of the enterprise. Research is merely a handmaiden to theory‐building.
Introduction to Criminology - SAGE Publications Inc
Criminology is generally defined as the science or discipline that studies crime and criminal behavior.
SCHOOLS OF CRIMINOLOGY: A COMPARATIVE …
Each criminologist has come up with a different hypothesis relating to criminology and its aspects supported with research and scientific explanations.
MECHANISMS OF LEGAL EFFECT: CRIMINOLOGICAL …
Criminology is the scientific study of the nature, extent, causes, and control of criminal behavior. Two theories — deterrence and labeling — are widely used by criminologists to explain the …
Criminology - University of Pretoria
• Criminology theories The focus is on developing critical thinking skills to evaluate and apply crime theories in a meaningful way. • Psychocriminology Psychocriminology focuses on the …
Introduction to Criminology - SAGE Publications Inc
When introducing students to criminology, it is essential to stress how various concepts and principles of theoretical development are woven into our understanding of, as well as our …
Positivist Criminology: the search for a criminal type? - PBworks
Oct 24, 2008 · •The study of the criminal, not crime •Methodological rigour –allied to science (at least in theory) •Potential rehabilitation of the criminal •Crime pattern analysis •Crime …
INTRODUCTION TO CHAPTER 1 CRIMINOLOGY - SAGE …
The objective of criminology is the development of a body of general and verified principles and of other types of knowledge regarding this process of law, crime, and treatment or prevention.
INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY Crime, Offenders and
Therefore, the word “criminology” means the study of crime. First use of this term was in the nineteenth century coined by the French sociologist called Toppinard.
Criminology Major Overview: The Criminology major focuses …
Criminology Major Overview: The Criminology major focuses on the study of crime, criminal behavior, and the justice system. Students examine the causes and consequences of crime, the …
What Is Criminology? Understanding Crime and Criminals
As the word implies, criminology is clearly concerned with crime.
Criminological Theories: Introduction, Evaluation, and Application
Criminological theories are abstract, but they entail more than ivory-tower.
THES TUD Y OF CRIME - Oxford University Press
Generally speaking, criminology focuses on three main areas: 1 the sociology of law, which examines why and how societies define crime a particular way and the implications this …
Chapter 01 The Changing Boundaries of Criminology
appropriate object of criminological investigation is conflict within society. the criminal justice system is a means of controlling the classes that have no power. the criminal law expresses the …
Chapter One: Understanding Criminology Introduction
Criminology may be defined as “the scientific study of the causation, correction, andprevention of crime”. Criminology (from Latincrīmen, "accusation"; and Greek -λογία, -logia) is the social …
Chapter one The study and application of criminology 1.1.
Criminology in general sense is the study of crime and criminals. In a specific sense it seeks to study criminal behavior and its goal being to reform the behavior or conduct of the individual which …
NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA - nou.edu.ng
To achieve the aims set out in CSS 133: Introduction to Criminology 1, the objectives for the course as a whole would be emphasised. On successful completion of the course, the learner should be …
CHAPTER 1
4) Discuss Edwin H. Sutherland's definition of criminology and why criminology can be described as a multidiscipline.
Introduction to Criminology - Jones & Bartlett Learning
Simply put, criminology is the scientific study of crime. More broadly, Edwin Sutherland described criminology as the study of lawmaking, law- breaking, and the response to law-breaking.6 Some …
Cmy1501 1.1 What is criminology about? Pg 5-17 …
The focus of the study of criminology is the crime (act) and the law. Crime is a voluntary act committed by persons exercising a deliberate choice. Punishment is essential in order to …
Introduction: Theory and Contemporary Criminology - Wiley
In the practice of theoretical science in criminology, theory is the central focus – it is the point of the enterprise. Research is merely a handmaiden to theory‐building.
Introduction to Criminology - SAGE Publications Inc
Criminology is generally defined as the science or discipline that studies crime and criminal behavior.
SCHOOLS OF CRIMINOLOGY: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Each criminologist has come up with a different hypothesis relating to criminology and its aspects supported with research and scientific explanations.
MECHANISMS OF LEGAL EFFECT: CRIMINOLOGICAL …
Criminology is the scientific study of the nature, extent, causes, and control of criminal behavior. Two theories — deterrence and labeling — are widely used by criminologists to explain the …
Criminology - University of Pretoria
• Criminology theories The focus is on developing critical thinking skills to evaluate and apply crime theories in a meaningful way. • Psychocriminology Psychocriminology focuses on the relationship …
Introduction to Criminology - SAGE Publications Inc
When introducing students to criminology, it is essential to stress how various concepts and principles of theoretical development are woven into our understanding of, as well as our policy …
Positivist Criminology: the search for a criminal type? - PBworks
Oct 24, 2008 · •The study of the criminal, not crime •Methodological rigour –allied to science (at least in theory) •Potential rehabilitation of the criminal •Crime pattern analysis •Crime Reduction …
